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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Jesuits – Ethiopia – History »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Jesuits – Ethiopia – History"

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Ngetich, Elias Kiptoo. « CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION : A HISTORY OF THE JESUITS’ MISSION TO ETHIOPIA 1557-1635 ». Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no 2 (17 novembre 2016) : 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/1148.

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The Jesuits or ‘The Society of Jesus’ holds a significant place in the wide area of church history. Mark Noll cites John Olin notes that the founding of the Jesuits was ‘the most powerful instrument of Catholic revival and resurgence in this era of religious crisis’.[1] In histories of Europe to the Reformation of the sixteenth century, the Jesuits appear with notable frequency. The Jesuits were the finest expression of the Catholic Reformation shortly after the Protestant reform began. The Society is attributed to its founder, Ignatius of Loyola. As a layman, Ignatius viewed Christendom in his context as a society under siege. It was Christian duty to therefore defend it. The Society was formed at a time that nationalism was growing and papal prestige was falling. As Christopher Hollis observed: ‘Long before the outbreak of the great Reformation there were signs that the unity of the Catholic Christendom was breaking up.’[2] The Jesuits, as a missionary movement at a critical period in the Roman Catholic Church, used creative strategies that later symbolised the strength of what would become the traditional Roman Catholic Church for a long time in history. The strategies involved included, but were not limited to: reviving and nurturing faith among Catholics, winning back those who had become Protestants, converting those who had not been baptised, training of the members for social service and missionary work and also establishing educational institutions.[1] Mark A. Noll. Turning points: Decisive moments in the history of Christianity. (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books, 1997), 201.[2] Christopher Hollis. The Jesuits: A history. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968), 6.
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Pankhurst, Richard. « The Indian Door of Tāfāri Mākonnen's House at Harar (Ethiopia) ». Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1, no 3 (novembre 1991) : 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300001206.

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Indian commercial relations with the Red Sea area, and in particular with Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa, date back to the dawn of history. Craftsmen from the sub-continent were also active in the Ethiopian region for many centuries, most notably in the early 1620s when “a noble Indian” there is said, by the Jesuit Affonso Mendes, to have thrown white pebbles into the fire, as he had seen done in Cambay, and to have thereby produced “a very glutinous lime”. The then ruler of the country, Emperor Susenyos, was reported by another of the Jesuits, Manoel de Almeida, to have shortly afterwards given orders for the construction of a stone bridge which was erected by a craftsman from India. The latter, according to a contemporary Ethiopian chronicle, was a Banyan called Abdāl Kerim who was also responsible for building Susenyos a palace at his capital Dānqāz.
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Dagnaw, Bitwoded Admasu. « The Jesuits Politico-Religious Strategy to Catholicize Ethiopia from Top to Bottom Approach : Opportunities and Challenges, 1557 to 1632 ». International Journal of Culture and History 9, no 2 (9 septembre 2022) : 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v9i2.20260.

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The Catholic Missionaries in Ethiopia was encouraged since the beginning of the Portuguese assistance against the Muslims in the war of Ahmed Grañ. The successive Ethiopian monarchal authority was engaged to defend a full-scale war between the Muslim Sultanates of Adal, led by Ibin Ibrāhīm al-Ġāzī usually known by many writers as Ahmed Grañ. The Portuguese expansion with the succeeding Jesuit mission in Ethiopia was a turning point in the history of Ethiopia. Moreover, the Portuguese and Spanish Jesuit missionaries were more attracted by the strategic location of the country. This, in fact, enabled them to monitor the expansion of Islamic power in the Red Sea and the long experienced Christian faith in the country that had further consolidated the Ethiopian and Portuguese alliance. Initially, a Jesuit undertaking led by Father Andrés D. Oviedo first entered the country in 1557 to have started the top-down conversion process. This research aims to assess the opportunities and challenges of the Jesuits missionary strategy for the Catholicization of Ethiopia from top to down Approach. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher used qualitative research approach to investigate the issue and used historical research design for this study as well. Historical research requires access to the original events or records that took place in the past as distinct procedure for the investigation. Thus, the primary sources that were produced at the time under study as well as secondary sources were used. Primary data sources such as Royal chronicles, Tarike Nagast, Diaries of eye witness, Jesuit texts and European travel accounts by travelers who visited the northern part of the country by the time have been used. Published and unpublished secondary sources such as books, articles, journals and internet sources were utilized. More significantly, the researcher verified the authenticity and credibility of the acquired historical source through accuracy, occurrence, relevance and authority. The findings of the research revealed that the Jesuits missionary ambition to implant Catholicism remained in vain with bloody wars that claim thousands of human lives. Ultimately, the Jesuit missionaries expelled from the country. However, they left behind a theological controversy that gave it to local theme to Catholicism in Ethiopia that finally resulted in the doctrinal debate particularly centered on the teaching of the two natures of Christ. The intense doctrinal debate which was held during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Ethiopia hastens to the absence of strong centralized monarchial authority that eventually led to the era of the princes.
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Casad, Andrew. « The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632) ». Northeast African Studies 12, no 1 (1 avril 2012) : 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41960570.

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Munro-Hay, Stuart, et Philip Caraman. « The Lost Empire : The Story of the Jesuits in Ethiopia 1555-1634 ». Journal of Religion in Africa 19, no 3 (octobre 1989) : 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1581351.

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Cohen, Leonardo. « Patience, Suffering, and Tolerance : The Experience of Defeat and Exile among the Jesuits of Ethiopia (1632–59) ». Journal of Jesuit Studies 9, no 1 (11 janvier 2022) : 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-09010005.

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Abstract This article explores the last letters written by the Catholic patriarch of Ethiopia in exile Afonso Mendes, which illustrate that, in the face of defeat, Mendes has chosen to write the history of martyrdom, the sacrifice, and shedding of blood for the sake of faith. A group requires a sense of connection through a temporary axis. Mendes’s choice in these last years corresponds to the will of generating cohesion in space and continuity in time in a group that has confronted rupture, disillusionment, and deterioration. Mendes might have attempted to establish a framework that would allow him to alleviate the tension caused by the clash between the original aspirations and the flawed fulfillment of the objective. Therefore, the redaction of the processes of martyrdom and the creation of a calendar allows the transition into a place where a harmonious relationship between the past and the present is generated.
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Gray, Richard. « The Lost Empire. The story of the Jesuits in Ethiopia. By Philip Caraman. London : Sidgwick and Jackson, 1985. Pp. 176. £13.95. » Journal of African History 27, no 3 (novembre 1986) : 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700023550.

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Pandžić, Zvonko. « Von Coimbra nach Tobol’sk ». Historiographia Linguistica 44, no 1 (21 juillet 2017) : 72–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.44.1.03pan.

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Summary Worldwide missionary activities from the 16th century onward were not limited to the New World and overseas in general, but also in East Central Europe in the wake of sectarian struggles following the Reformation. Soon after the Tridentine Council (1545–1563), the Jesuits spread their activities to all countries between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas. Not only Catholic but also Lutheran and Calvinist missionaries went to Poland-Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, and other countries. The first Polish grammar (Statorius 1568) was published principally for the Calvinist mission in Poland, while the first Slovenian grammar was printed in Wittenberg (Bochorizh 1584) for the use of Lutheran missionaries in the predominantly Catholic Slovenia. This article examines the missionary background and the vernacular character of two further missionary grammars of the Slavic languages. The first Croatian grammar by Bartul Kašić (1575–1650) was printed in Rome for the use of Catholic Jesuit missionaries from Italy working in Illyricum (Kašić 1604). Kašić’s choice of the što-dialect to be the literary norm in missionary publications substantially determined the further standardization history of the Croatian language. Almost a hundred years later H. W. Ludolf (1696) succeeded in printing the first Russian grammar for the Lutheran-Pietistic mission in Muscovy, a milestone on the way to the “refinement” of the Russian vernacular intended by Ludolf to make it the literary language of the Russian Empire. The first grammars of the Slavic vernacular languages can, therefore, be rightly called missionary grammars. This designation also applies to the first grammars of the non-Slavic languages in the Baltic States and Hungary (and, beyond Europe, in the largely Eastern Orthodox Armenia and Ethiopia). Whatever their sect, the authors of these missionary grammars were motivated by rivalry with other Christian denominations in Slavic and non-Slavic speaking countries of the Christian East.
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Munro-Hay, Stuart. « CARAMAN, Philip, S. J. The Lost Empire : The Story of the Jesuits in Ethiopia 1555-1634, London, Sidgwick & ; Jackson, 1985, 176 pp., $13.95, 0-283-99254-9 ». Journal of Religion in Africa 19, no 3 (1989) : 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006600x00069.

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King, Noel Q. « The Lost Empire : The Story of the Jesuits in Ethiopia, 1555–1634. By Philip Caraman. Notre Dame : University of Notre Dame Press, 1985. viii + 176 pp. $16.95. » Church History 55, no 3 (septembre 1986) : 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3166844.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Jesuits – Ethiopia – History"

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Pennec, Hervé. « Des jesuites au royaume du pretre jean (ethiopie) : strategies, rencontres et tentatives d'implantation (1495-1633) ». Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010686.

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L'enquete proposee dans cette etude traite du << phenomene >> missionnaire jesuite pour le royaume du pretre jean (ethiopie) sur la periode de la fin du xve siecle a l'annee 1633 (la date d'expulsion des missionnaires d'ethiopie). L'analyse est conduite a differentes echelles. Celle de l'europe tout d'abord, en etudiant les connaissances dont disposaient les decideurs pour mettre en place le projetmissionnaire et les differentes strategies d'implantation. Ensuite, une analyse a une echelle plus << regionale >> a permis de centrer l'etude sur le role de goa dans la mise en place et la realisation du projet. Enfin, l'etude se rapproche du terrain proprement dit en developpant les rapports liant les missionnaires aux pouvoirs (royal et local) par le biais de leur lieu strategies et la maniere dont elles ont ete mises en place. Un dernier axe permet de reunir les differents points de vue utilises precedemment. En effet, l'analyse du travail d'ecriture qu'ont effectue certains peres et notamment pero paes et manoel d'almeida, a permis non seulement de voir comment a ete utilisee la documentation ethiopienne mais encore de comprendre comment ce travail d'ecriture s'inscrit dans la legitimation de la presence jesuite en ethiopie.
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MARTINEZ, D'ALOS-MONER Andreu. « In the company of Lyäsus : the Jesuit mission in Ethiopia, 1557-1632 ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12008.

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Defence date: 23 January 2009
Examining Board: Prof. Gérard Delille (EUI) - supervisor; Prof. Giulia Calvi (EUI); Prof. Donald Crummey (University of Illinois); Prof. Carlos Martinez Shaw (UNED, Madrid)
First made available online on 20 July 2017.
This study focuses on the Jesuit mission in Ethiopia (1557-1632). It presents a comprehensive history of the mission, from its inception during the reign of the Portuguese King Dom Manuel I, through its phase of expansion up to the expulsion of the Jesuit missionaries. Being the first mission personally conceived by the founder of the Society of Jesus, Ignatius of Loyola, the Ethiopian was also the last of the 'imperial' undertakings of the Society to fall, after the collapse of the projects in Japan and Mughal India in the 1610s and 1620s, respectively. The Ethiopian enterprise unfolded in lands far beyond Spanish or Portuguese control and under the protection of a powerful regional monarchy, the Ethiopian Solomonic House. The mission, which had a modest beginning during the last decades of the sixteenth century, turned in the next century to be an ambitious project of transformation of Ethiopian church and society. The Jesuits made use of a persuasive approach, their intellectual supremacy and links to sophisticated cultures - Renaissance and Manneristic Europe and Mughal India - to win over Ethiopian nobility, high clergy and state officials. In this study I focus on the mission taking into consideration both the geopolitical and the religious-cultural aspects. The thesis is aimed as being an institutional history of the mission; I distinguish its main actors and focus in its different stages of development. In addition, I also take into account factors hitherto disregarded in historical literature, such as the role played by local and regional intermediaries and the indigenous agency of missionary discourse. Prosopography and quantitative methods have been used to shed light on to all the men that were involved in this project and also to get acquainted with the different social groups the missionaries interacted with in India and in Ethiopia. The thesis also benefits from a large compilation of images which illustrate the importance that the arts played in the project to ‘reduce’ Ethiopian Christianity. The study aims to be a further contribution to the growing interest this mission has attracted from scholars. Although this has recently been the object of intense scrutiny, there were still many neglected episodes. The thesis critically reviews some traditional assumptions found in historical literature and offers new ways of understanding specific aspects of the mission.
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Livres sur le sujet "Jesuits – Ethiopia – History"

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Cohen, Leonardo. The missionary strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555-1632). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2009.

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The Jesuits in Ethiopia (1609-1641) : Latin letters in translation. Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag, 2017.

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The lost empire : The story of the Jesuits in Ethiopia, 1555-1634. Notre Dame, Ind : University of Notre Dame Press, 1985.

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The missionary strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555-1632). Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2009.

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The lost empire : The story of the Jesuits in Ethiopia, 1555-1634. London : Sidgwick & Jackson, 1985.

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Envoys of a human God : The Jesuit mission to Christian Ethiopia, 1557-1632. Boston : Brill, 2015.

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Des jésuites au royaume du prêtre Jean, Ethiopie : Stratégies, rencontres et tentatives d'implantation, 1495-1633. Lisboa : Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2003.

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The Messiah : A comparative study of the Enochic Son of Man and the Pauline Kyrios. London : T & T Clark, 2011.

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T.S. Eliot's use of popular sources. Lewiston : E. Mellen Press, 1997.

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Archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in Ethiopia (1557-1632). BRILL, 2017.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Jesuits – Ethiopia – History"

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« Īyāsū (Jesus) I 'Adyām Sagad II ». Dans A History of Ethiopia : Volume II (Routledge Revivals), 90–106. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315762661-17.

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« Īyāsū (Jesus) II 'Adyām Sagad II Berhān Sagad ». Dans A History of Ethiopia : Volume II (Routledge Revivals), 131–40. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315762661-23.

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Isabel, Boavida, Pennec Hervé et Ramos Manuel João. « Which deals with the mission that Father Antonio Monserrate and Father Pedro Paez of the Society of Jesus undertook from Goa to Ethiopia, and some things that happened to them at the beginning of their journey ». Dans Pedro Páez’s History of Ethiopia 1622, 104–7. Hakluyt Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315211992-16.

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Isabel, Boavida, Pennec Hervé et Ramos Manuel João. « Which deals with the mission on which Father Patriarch Dom Joam Nunes Barreto1 of the Society of Jesus, with twelve fathers2 of the same society, were sent by Pope Paul IV to Ethiopia for the reduction of its people ». Dans Pedro Páez’s History of Ethiopia 1622, 18–27. Hakluyt Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315211992-5.

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