Thèses : « Jar test »

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Hägg, Kristofer. « Kalciumklorid som hjälpkoagulant ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170638.

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As populations continue to grow, the demand for fresh drinking water is increasing. This puts a lot of pressure on drinking water producers to strive for more efficient solutions and techniques. Many producers worldwide use surface water as a raw water source, which they often treat through coagulation and flocculation techniques. This is done by adding coagulant (e.g. metal coagulants), creating instability in the suspension, causing flocculation. In this work, PIX-311 (a FeCl3 coagulant produced by Kemira) and Al2(SO4)3 (Kemwater ALG) were used as primary coagulants and CaCl2 (produced by TETRA Chemicals) as an adjunct in a coagulation and flocculation study. The goal of this work was to study the effects of CaCl2 additions to Fe(III) and Al(III) flocculation. The experiments were conducted at Ringsjöverket (a water treatment facility), using jar tests to simulate the treatment process on a laboratory scale. The raw water samples used in this study, were taken from Bolmen, a lake in southern Sweden. A spectrophotometer was used to monitor the efficiency of flocculation by UV-VIS absorption. In the first experiments, various CaCl2 additions were added to Fe(III) flocculation, with FeCl3 as a primary coagulant. To see if FeCl3 could be substituted with CaCl2, the amount of primary coagulant was reduced to about 80% of the optimal dosage (the dose used daily by the water treatment plant). In the next series of experiments, various amounts of CaCl2 were added with an optimal dose of FeCl3. After that, the effects of CaCl2 additions to Al(III) flocculation were conducted, using Al2(SO4)3 as a primary coagulant. The experiments followed the previous scheme used in Fe(III) flocculation. The UV-VIS results showed that no CaCl2 additions were effective enough to replace the primary coagulant. However, reduced amount of primary coagulant benefited slightly from small CaCl2 additions. A likely explanation for this is the ability of Ca2+ to aid in charge neutralization and reduce the repulsive forces between particles in suspension, aiding coagulation. Furthermore, CaCl2 additions, with reasonable certainty, did not increase the efficiency of Fe(III) flocculation. When the CaCl2 dose was increased (from about 13µl to 820 µl per liter raw water), the effect became negative. In other words, high doses of CaCl2 inhibited flocculation by, most likely, occupying adsorption sites for the primary coagulant. This was observed for an optimal FeCl3 dose, reduced FeCl3 dose and an optimal dose of Al2(SO4)3. In the more brief study on Al(III) flocculation, low CaCl2 doses did not appear to have any effect on flocculation at first. However, when a reduced amount of Al2(SO4)3 was used, the samples with CaCl2 gave better UV-VIS results once the pH was increased from 6 to about 6.15. One explanation for this could be that the shift in flocculation mechanism at higher pH, causes CaCl2 to have an increased positive effect.

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Desjardins, Christian. « Simulation et étude en laboratoire de la floculation lestée, ACTIFLO, à l'aide d'une procédure modifiée de Jar test ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/MQ53568.pdf.

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Bouyer, Denis. « Analyse expérimentale de la floculation : influence de l'hydrodynamique sur les phénomènes d'agrégation et de rupture ». Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0037.

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La thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du traitement d'une eau naturelle en vue de la rendre potable. Elle aborde au plan expérimental l'analyse de l'étape ortho-cinétique de la floculation. L'objectif est de relier la taille des flocs aux caractéristiques hydrodynamiques. L'analyse de l'hydrodynamique est réalisée par le biais de la technique PIV et l'analyse de la taille des flocs par une technique couplée d'acquisition et de traitement d'images. Une première série d'expériences en jar-test confirme que les flocs sont calibrés par la micro-échelle de Kolmogorov. Une seconde série d'expériences en cuve agitée, pour une même puissance dissipée avec deux agitateurs différents, montre que si la taille moyenne des flocs est bien calibrée par la turbulence, la distribution en taille est également fonction de l'hydrodynamique propre à chaque agitateur
The present work concerns coagulation-flocculation in drinking water treatment units. The experimental analysis of the ortho-kinetic step of flocculation is pointed out. The study focuses on the link between hydrodynamics and floc size. Hydrodynamics is investigated with the PIV technique and the floc size is analysed by image processing. Firstly, experiments are performed in a jar-test, and exhibit that the Kolmogorov micro scale calibrates the flocs. Then, experiments are performed in standard agitated tank for the same power input and two different impellers. The average floc size is confirmed being calibrated by turbulence, and yet the floc size distributions depend on local hydrodynamics generated by each impeller

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King, Charles Sean. « The Utilization of Granular Media Filtration and Rapid Flocculation in a Modified Jar Test Procedure for Drinking Water Treatment ». Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10683115.

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Jar testing is one of the most common tools that water treatment facilities use to determine the treatment conditions necessary to meet finished water quality goals. A six-place stirrer is normally used for jar testing to provide identical mixing conditions while coagulant dose and pH vary in each jar to create “floc” that is removed via sedimentation. There are some utilities that are unable to utilize jar testing, since the current jar testing procedures do not identify optimum treatment conditions for their water supply. This is particularly true for those utilities treating low-turbidity, low-TOC waters because low coagulant doses can produce small floc that does not settle efficiently (even though it is removed efficiently by filters). A modified jar test procedure was developed with the goal of providing consistent and reliable results for all treatment facilities without having to make site-specific changes to the mixing speeds and times to try to match the plant performance. Instead of sedimentation, the modified jar test procedure uses a novel granular media filter along with a standardized mixing protocol and titrations to predict and control the pH of the coagulated water. Contour mapping of jar test data was utilized to provide a detailed visual description of zones of effective treatment. Research found that the application of direct filtration (instead of traditional sedimentation) reduced testing time and showed better correlation to treatment plant performance. A method of optimizing coagulant dose and coagulated pH based on titrations is proposed, which is based on an alternating, single-variable optimization method with experimentally determined starting points. Treatment with coagulant only (i.e., without prior pH adjustment) limits the range of coagulation conditions a water treatment plant can operate at. Coagulants are acidic and their addition during treatment causes both the pH and coagulant dose to change simultaneously. Treating water with coagulant only provides only one diagonal path for treatment to occur across a two-dimensional area of pH and coagulant dose combinations, which sometimes misses optimal treatment conditions entirely.

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González, Sánchez María Fernanda. « Separate treatment of wash water from sand filter using disc filter technology ». Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171843.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the convenience and effectiveness of using a disc filter to treat washing water from the sand filters at Sundet wastewater treatment plant. The disc filter is used aiming for the reduction of suspended solids and phosphorus. The study was divided in two main experimental stages. During the first stage laboratory jar-tests were performed in order to identify which flocculation aid was more suitable, this was further on used to improve the water treatment. Based on the laboratory trials results, two different polymers (1 and 2) were chosen to be tested at pilot scale. The second stage involved the pilot filter operation itself; this period was as well divided in two sub-stages where filter cloths with two different pore openings were tested. During the first sub-stage the pilot operated with an 18 μm pore opening filters cloth and both polymers. At the end of the first half polymer 1 showed to be more efficient and so it was further used throughout the second sub-stage in combination with a 10μm pore opening filter cloth. As from theoretical knowledge the phosphorus and suspended solid removal were expected to be between 75% and 90%, results which were achieved during both laboratory trials and pilot filter. The best results were observed with the 10μm pore opening filter cloth and polymer 1. Also, additional results from pilot trials performed at Sundet after the study period are presented.

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Hopkins, Aareka. « The potential for Charophyte re-establishment in large, shallow, eutrophic lakes with special reference to Lake Waikare, New Zealand ». The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2419.

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Lake Waikare is a large, shallow eutrophic lake devoid of submerged macrophytes. I investigated potential methods for re-establishing submerged macrophytes in the lake. Specifically, I subjected charophyte (Chara corallina) plantlets to two treatments of exposure in the lake (in areas exposed and sheltered from wind) to test for survival and growth under these conditions, and inside and outside fish exclosures to test for growth and survival in the presence of fish. While plantlets grew outside the exclosures in winter, their accumulated biomass over 21 days was less than protected plantlets. In winter, the accumulated biomass was lower outside than inside exclosures (by ~40%) at the sheltered site and was lower outside than inside exclosures (by 43%) at the exposed site. Overall, growth rates in winter were higher at the sheltered site (compared to the exposed site) by ~7%. In summer, charophyte accumulated biomass inside the exclosures increased by 85%, while at the sheltered site accumulated biomass increased by 58%. Outside the exclosures in summer the plantlets were completely removed at both sites. Overall, growth rates where higher at the exposed site than the sheltered site by 31%. Fish were responsible for the partial removal of plantlets in winter and total removal of plantlets in summer, and therefore affect the survival and growth of charophytes in Lake Waikare. The embayment at the sheltered site provides the best location in winter for re-establishment of charophytes from oospores because better growth rates were obtained there, and its sheltered location provides protection from severe wave action found at the exposed site. Oospores did not germinate after being submersed in the lake for 90 days due to heavy sedimentation. To induce an improvement in the present light climate, Alum was tested to determine its effectiveness and longevity for settling lake sediments to allow charophytes to establish and grow. Examining the settling rates of Lake Waikare sediments and water treated with Alum over a range of suspended sediment concentrations and time intervals, sediments settled faster with Alum than without for at least 15 days (at 200 g l^1 suspended sediment concentration) and it remained active to 60 days but at reduced effectiveness. At the other concentrations tested (100 g l^1 and 300 g l^1 suspended sediment concentration), Alum responses were insignificant. An improved light climate achieved by fish removal or Alum treatment will likely not be sufficient to permit the re-establishment of submerged macrophytes due to the turbid, algal-dominated state of the lake. The present nutrient and sediment levels, wave climate and fish influence must be mitigated so charophyte plantlets can be established.

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Carrim, Ayesha Hamid. « The effect of pre-ozonation on the physical characteristics of raw water and natural organic matter (NOM) in raw water from different South African water resources / Ayesha Hamid Carrim ». Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/21.

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Research in the use of ozone in water treatment conducted by many authors support the idea that the nature and characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) present in raw water determines the efficiency of ozonation in water purification. An ozone contact chamber was designed and made to allow pre-ozonation of water to take place. The concentration of ozone in the chamber was determined using the Indigo method. For the duration of one year, water samples were collected from four different sampling sites and analyzed to determine their overall ecological status with regard to several variables such as pH, chlorophyll-a, SAC254, turbidity, DOC, algal species composition and sum of NOM. Two dams sites and two riverine sites were chosen, Hartbeespoort Dam (a hyper-eutrophic impoundment), Boskop Dam (a mesotrophic impoundment), Midvaal Water Company at Orkney and Sedibeng Water at Bothaville. The samples were treated in Jar Tests with FeCI3 and the same variables were measured. Preozonation followed by Jar Tests was performed on each sample at twoconcentrations of ozone and the variables were measured to examine the efficiency of ozonation. In general, the ph was high and stayed the same for all the samples and for all the treatments. DOC was variable and showed no relationship to any other variable or to the treatments. Hartbeespoort Dam was found to be a eutrophic impoundment characterized by high algal bloom of the cyanobacteria Microcystis sp., Turbidity, SAC254, and the sum of NOM were lower than for the riverine sites but higher than for Boskop Dam. The NOM constituted more intermediate molecular weight(1MW)and low molecular weight (LMW) fractions than the riverine sites. Ozone was effective in reducing chlorophyll-a, turbidity and SAC254 from Hartbeespoort Dam, but the presence of large numbers of algal cells interferes with its efficiency. Release of cell-bound organics after ozonation can lead to increases instead of decreases in these variables. Jar Test results demonstrate that ozonation improves water quality when compared to conventional treatment although the interference of algal cells can alter results. Boskop Dam is a mesotrophic impoundment characterised by low productivity, low SAC254, tow turbidity and low sum of NOM. However, it has a large portion of the LMW fraction of NOM present. This LMW fraction affects the treatment process as this fraction is not acted upon by ozone. Therefore it was found that ozonation did not improve the quality of the water when compared to conventional treatment. The two riverine sites, Midvaal and Sedibeng were similar to each other. Both sites had high algal productivity with high chlorophyll-a values indicative of algal blooms observed at certain times. These blooms consisted either of members of Bacillariophyceae or Chlorophyceae. High turbidity and SAC254 was observed during the rainy season and was related to the high percentage HMW and IMW fractions of NOM present. There was correlation between the turbidity and SAC254 of these sites leading to the assumption that the turbidity of the river is due to the presence of HMW humic fractions of NOM. Ozonation was effective in improving water quality with respect to turbidity, SAC254 and chlorophyll-a removal, both on its own and after conventional treatment when combined with a coagulant. However, the species of algae present affects ozonation as members of Bacillariophyceae are not affected by the actions of ozone because of the presence of a silica frustule whereas members of Chlorophyceae are easily removed by ozone. In general, ozone acts upon the HMW and LMW fractions of NOM causing them to breakdown into smaller fractions. Ozone has no effect on samples that have a high percentage of the LMW fraction of NOM. This LMW fraction is more readily removed by conventional treatment than by ozonation. The presence of large numbers of algal cells as well as the species of cells can negatively affect the treatment process with regard to ozone.
Thesis (M. Environmental Science (Water Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Olds, William. « Lignite Derived Humic Substances for Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6583.

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Addition of alkalinity to acid mine drainage (AMD) results in the neutralisation of acidity and precipitation of dissolved metals as insoluble hydroxides. Two aspects of the current AMD treatment practice at the Stockton Mine could be enhanced. Firstly, residual water quality may be poor due to unreacted alkalinity reagents, particularly CaCO3, resulting in poor water clarity and elevated suspended solids (SS). Secondly, neutralisation to circum-neutral pH may not avoid the discharge of residual metals (Ni and Zn) due to incomplete adsorption and hydroxide precipitation. The aim of this project was to enhance the conventional neutralisation of AMD through addition of humic substances (HS) to reduce residual SS and trace metal concentrations. Humic substances are organically derived and have a high molecular weight. Functional groups on the surface of HS are capable of binding dissolved metals, forming HS-metal complexes. Incorporation of HS complexed metals into settling floc could result in increased metal removal from the dissolved phase. Modified jar testing was used to investigate the effects of HS addition before, after and during (pH 4.5) neutralisation of AMD in two treatment scenarios at the Stockton Mine; the Blackwater Treatment Plant (BTP) using NaOH and Ca(OH)2 and the Mangatini Stream-sump System (MSS) using CaCO3. Supernatant samples collected during the sedimentation period were analysed for basic water quality parameters (turbidity and suspended solids) and dissolved (< 0.45 µm) metal concentrations. The addition of HS to the BTP process before (pH 2.8) and during (pH 4.5) neutralisation resulted in HS precipitation. Precipitated HS subsequently acted as a nucleation site, triggering flocculation of precipitating metal hydroxides, resulting in low turbidity and suspended solids (SS) of less than 2 NTU and 5 mg/L, respectively. The addition of HS after neutralisation (pH 7) did not result in HS precipitation. Intermolecular bridging of HS by the divalent Ca resulted in incorporation of HS into floc when neutralised by Ca(OH)2, resulting in low turbidity and SS. However, in NaOH neutralised conditions, the monovalent Na was unable to bridge HS molecules, resulting in HS remaining dissolved and contributing to elevated turbidity and SS of up to 24.4 NTU and 18.4, respectively. The neutralisation efficiency of CaCO3 is relatively low, thus approximately 1000 mg/L CaCO3 remained unreacted in MSS scenarios, resulting in elevated turbidity and SS. When added after neutralisation, dissolved Solid Energy Humic Acid (SEHA) facilitated flocculation of residual CaCO3 SS, resulting in an up to 75% lower suspended solids than CaCO3 neutralisation alone conditions. Although the results are good, the efficiency of SEHA as a polymer compared unfavorably in a cost: benefit analysis to two commercially available polymers for the removal of residual CaCO3. Neutralisation of AMD in control samples resulted in decreased concentrations of the target metal group (Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) by hydroxide precipitation, co-precipitation, and adsorption. Equilibrium speciation modeling showed that the HS-metal binding affinity controlled the effectiveness of HS addition for metal removal. The low HS complexation affinity of Ni and Zn resulted in no additional metal removal by HS dosing. The removal of Cu was enhanced by over 50% for SEHA 20 during-neutralisation conditions neutralised by both NaOH and Ca(OH)2. Up to 80% lower Cd concentrations were observed for all HS dose conditions when neutralised by Ca(OH)2. Data for CaCO3 HS dosed metal removal was statistically indeterminate. The high detection limit for Pb made any HS dosed removal enhancement difficult to identify, which was unfortunate as Pb has a high HS complexation affinity (Čežı́ková, Kozler et al. 2001; Milne, Kinniburgh et al. 2003). A simple cost: benefit analysis showed that the additional removal of metals by HS dosing was less efficient than conventional neutralisation alone, on a cost basis. Overall, incorporation of HS into AMD treatment results in improved water quality for CaCO3 neutralisation and lower concentrations of metals with a high HS binding affinity, for some conditions. However, further investigation is required to improve the feasibility of HS incorporation into the AMD neutralisation process.

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Pais, Mariana Castello Novo. « Avaliação da presença de fármacos, por LC-MS/MS, em águas superficiais pré e pós-tratamento convencional por ensaio Jar-test e caracterização do risco humano ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-01072015-111741/.

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O aumento crescente da população brasileira em combinação com o uso abusivo de medicamentos no mercado nacional, aliados à falta de saneamento básico e de políticas públicas para o correto gerenciamento de alguns tipos de resíduos têm resultado na presença de compostos farmacêuticos em ambientes aquáticos. Estudos indicam que várias dessas substâncias parecem ser persistentes no ambiente e algumas vezes, resistem até mesmo às estações de tratamento de água, fazendo-se presentes na água tratada, que chega à população. O presente trabalho visou analisar quantitativamente a presença dos anti-inflamatórios e do analgésico mais comumente consumido no Brasil: diclofenaco, cetoprofeno, naproxeno, indometacina, ibuprofeno e o paracetamol em águas superficiais, por LC-MS/MS com extração em fase sólida, antes e depois do tratamento convencional, em escala laboratorial pelo ensaio de Jar-Test, bem como caracterizar o risco humano pela presença destes compostos na água após o tratamento. Os métodos utilizados na quantificação destes fármacos apresentaram bons resultados: a análise cromatográfica obteve coeficientes de correlação entre 0,9952-0,9991, com limites de quantificação de 0,5ng/mL- 50ng/mL e desvios padrões entre (0,08-2,08); na recuperação do método de extração em fase sólida o diclofenaco, o cetoprofeno, o naproxeno e a indometacina apresentaram cerca de 100% de recuperação, o ibuprofeno apresentou apenas 48%(±9,37) de recuperação e o paracetamol aproximadamente 19,84% (±2,52); no ensaio de jar-test, observou-se que apenas o cetoprofeno e o ibuprofeno não foram removidos completamente no tratamento utilizado (remoção de 0-15% do cetoprofeno e de 0-35% do ibuprofeno). Amostras ambientais foram coletadas e tratadas pelo ensaio de Jar-Test, e os valores obtidos para o cetoprofeno e ibuprofeno após o tratamento foram de 18,67-19,65ng/L e 147ng/L, respectivamente. Através de cálculos, com a dose de referência de cada um dos compostos e considerando as características desta exposição, foi possível concluir que nestas concentrações o cetoprofeno e o ibuprofeno não causam risco à saúde humana.
The increasing population growth in combination with the misuse of drugs in the domestic market, coupled with the lack of sanitation and public policies for proper management of some types of waste have resulted in the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments. Studies indicate that several of these substances appear to be persistent in the environment and sometimes even resistant to water treatment plants, being present in the treated water which reaches the population. This study aimed to analyze quantitatively the presence of anti-inflammatory and analgesic most commonly consumed in Brazil: diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ibuprofen and paracetamol in surface waters by LC-MS/MS with solid phase extraction prior and after conventional treatment in a laboratory scale by using Jar-test assay, and to determine the human risk posed by the presence of these compounds in the water after treatment. The methods used to quantify these drugs showed good results: a chromatographic analysis obtained correlation coefficients between 0.9952 to 0.9991, with limits of quantification of 0.5 ng/mL- 50ng/mL and standard deviations between (0.08 - 2.08); recovery method of solid phase extraction to diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen and indomethacin showed about 100% recovery, ibuprofen showed only 48% (± 9.37) and paracetamol approximately 19 84% (± 2.52) recovery; in the jar-test, it was observed that only ketoprofen and ibuprofen were not completely removed (removal: 0-15% of ketoprofen and 0-35% of ibuprofen). Environmental samples were collected and handled by jar-test test, and the values obtained for ketoprofen and ibuprofen after treatment were 18.67 to 19.65 ng / L and 147ng / L, respectively. By calculation with a reference dose of each compound and considering the characteristics of this display, it was concluded that these concentrations of ketoprofen and ibuprofen do not cause risk to human health.

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Hofmanová, Lucie. « Modelový výzkum účinnosti separačních technologií úpravy vody ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392125.

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This diploma thesis deals with the effectiveness of separation technologies for water treatment. The first theoretical part mentions types of pollution that can be found in surface water. Furthermore, the interparticle interactions affecting the stability of colloidal dispersions are discussed. The following is a description of the principle, procedure, mechanisms of coagulation and factors influencing this process. The chapter dealing with types of water treatment is followed by a more detailed description of the individual separation technologies used in the water treatment plants. The important passage in the theoretical part is the description of materials and reagents used in laboratory experiments. The coagulants nanoiron and sodium water glass are characterized, as well as Bayoxide E33, CFH 0818, FILTRASORB 100 activated charcoal and DORSILIT silicate sand. The experimental part of the thesis analyses the jar test procedure. The flocculation tester intended for the jar test was used for laboratory coagulation using nanoiron and sodium water glass. The effectiveness of selected coagulants in the removal of turbidity from water during sedimentation of flakes produced in reaction vessels was investigated. In addition, the effectiveness of individual filtering materials in the removal of turbidity from water containing nanoiron/sodium water glass was investigated. In the end, the results of laboratory tests are compared and evaluated, including photos taken during experiments.

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Zelený, Zdeněk. « Možnosti inovace procesu úpravy vody ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226894.

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This master´s thesis deals with the possibilities of innovation process water treatment. Specifically, to explore the use of sodium water glass and nanoiron in removing heavy metals from raw water at the drinking water treatment. For the comparison was used traditionally used coagulant, particularly liquid aluminum sulfate. The introductory part deals with the possibility of modifying the surface water during the treatment process such water into potable water. This chapter is a description of the quality of raw water used, then the description of currently used separation processes. Furthermore, they are described and commonly used types of treatment plants. Conclusion The introductory section deals with traditional coagulants and form a suspension. Another part of this master´s thesis has been devoted to the possibilities of innovation in the treatment of raw waters as drinking water, describes the options and features of the use of water glass and nanoiron. The following section describes the experimental part of this thesis. It is followed by the experimental results. The last chapter summarizes the acquired knowledge and commented on the measured values of the experimental part. This work also shows several specific projects using innovative technologies presented.

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Eust?quio, Hugo Mozer Barros. « Ensaios de tratabilidade aplicados a determina??o de par?metros para dimensionamento de processos de tratamento de ?gua de manancial eutrofizado ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15971.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoMBE_DISSERT.pdf: 3011454 bytes, checksum: f02eedee61c0464777dbee026e3a93cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Eutrophication is a growing process present in the water sources located in the northeast of Brazil. Among the main consequences of these changes in trophic levels of a water source, stands out adding complexity to the treatment to achieve water standards. By these considerations, this study aimed to define, on a laboratory scale, products and operational conditions to be applied in the processing steps using raw water from Gargalheiras dam, RN, Brazil. The dam mentioned shows a high number of cyanobacteria, with a concentration of cells / ml higher than that established by Decree No. 518/04 MS. The same source was also considered by the state environmental agency in 2009 as hypereutrophic. The static tests developed in this research simulated direct filtration (laboratory filters) and pre-oxidation with chlorine and powdered activated carbon adsorption. The research included the evaluation of the coagulants aluminum hydrochloride (HCA) and alum (SA). The development of the research investigated the conditions for rapid mixing, the dosages of coagulants and pHs of coagulation by the drawing of diagrams. The interference of filtration rate and particle size of filtering means were evaluated as samples and the time of contact were tested with chlorine and activated carbon. By the results of the characterization of the raw water source it was possible to identify the presence of a high pH (7.34). The true color was significant (29 uH) in relation to the apparent color and turbidity (66 uH and 13.60 NTU), reflecting in the measurement of organic matter: MON (8.41 mg.L-1) and Abs254 (0.065 cm-1). The optimization of quick mix set time of 17", the speed gradient of 700 s-1 in the coagulation with HCA and the time of 20" with speed gradient of 800 s-1 for SA. The smaller particle sizes of sand filtering means helped the treatment and the variation in filtration rate did not affect significantly the efficiency of the process. The evaluation of the processing steps found adjustment in standard color and turbidity of the Decree n? 518/04 MS, taking in consideration the average values found in raw water. In the treatment using the HCA for direct filtration the palatable pattern based on the apparent color can be achieved with a dose of 25 mg L-1. With the addition of pre-oxidation step, the standard result was achieved with a reduced dose for 12 mgHCA.L-1. The turbidity standard for water was obtained by direct filtration when the dose exceeds 25 mg L-1 of HCA. With pre-oxidation step there is the possibility of reducing the dose to 20 mg L-1.The addition of CAP adsorption, promoted drinking water for both parameters, with even lower dosage, 13 mg L-1 of HCA. With coagulation using SA removal required for the parameter of apparent color it was achieved with pre-oxidation and 22 mgSA.L-1. Despite the satisfactory results of treatment with the alum, it was not possible to provide water with turbidity less than 1.00 NTU even with the use of all stages of treatment
A eutrofiza??o ? um processo cada vez mais presente nos mananciais situados no nordeste brasileiro. Entre as principais conseq??ncias destas altera??es nos n?veis tr?ficos da ?gua de um manancial destaca-se o acr?scimo de complexidade ao tratamento para potabiliza??o. Mediante a estas considera??es, este trabalho teve como objetivo definir, em escala de laborat?rio, produtos e condi??es operacionais a serem empregadas em etapas de tratamento utilizando ?gua bruta do a?ude Gargalheira, RN, Brasil. O a?ude em quest?o demonstra um n?mero de cianobact?rias elevado, apresentando uma concentra??o de c?lulas/ml superior aos n?veis estabelecidos pela Portaria MS n? 518/04. O mesmo, ainda foi considerado pelo ?rg?o ambiental do estado no ano de 2009 como hipereutr?fico. Os ensaios est?ticos desenvolvidos neste trabalho simularam filtra??o direta (filtros de laborat?rio), pr?oxida??o com cloro e adsor??o por carv?o ativado pulverizado. Foram avaliados os coagulantes hidr?xicloreto de alum?nio (HCA) e sulfato de alum?nio granulado (SA). O desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou otimiza??o das condi??es de mistura r?pida, das dosagens de coagulantes e pHs de coagula??o com a constru??o de diagramas. As interfer?ncias da taxa de filtra??o e a granulometria do meio filtrante foram avaliadas e testaram-se dosagens e tempos de contato com cloro e com o carv?o ativado. Com os resultados da caracteriza??o da ?gua bruta foi poss?vel identificar no manancial a presen?a de um pH elevado (7,34). A cor verdadeira foi significativa (29 uH) em rela??o ? cor aparente e turbidez (66 uH e 13,60 uNT), refletindo-se nas medidas de mat?ria org?nica: MON (8,41 mg.L-1) e Abs254 (0,065 cm-1). A otimiza??o da mistura r?pida definiu o tempo de 17 , gradiente de velocidade de 700 s-1 na coagula??o com HCA e tempo de 20 , gradiente de velocidade de 800 s-1 para o SA. Granulometrias menores da areia do meio filtrante favoreceram o tratamento e a varia??o na taxa de filtra??o n?o interferiu de forma significativa na efici?ncia do processo. A avalia??o das etapas de tratamento verificou a adequa??o aos padr?es de cor aparente e turbidez da Portaria MS 518/2004 tomando como base os valores m?dios encontrados na ?gua bruta. No tratamento utilizando o HCA por filtra??o direta, a potabilidade para a cor aparente pode ser atingida com uma dosagem de 25 mg.L-1. Adicionando a etapa de pr?oxida??o o padr?o foi atingido com dosagem reduzida para 12 mgHCA.L-1. Para a turbidez a potabilidade foi obtida na filtra??o direta quando a dosagem supera 25 mg.L-1 de HCA. Com etapa de pr?oxida??o h? a possibilidade de redu??o da dosagem para 20 mg.L-1 de coagulante. O acr?scimo da adsor??o em CAP, promoveu a potabilidade para os dois par?metros, com dosagem ainda menor, 13 mg.L-1 de HCA. Coagulando com SA a remo??o necess?ria para o par?metro de cor aparente foi atingida com pr?oxida??o e dosagem de 22 mgSA.L-1. Apesar de apresentar bons resultados o tratamento com o sulfato de alum?nio n?o foi capaz de fornecer ?gua com turbidez menor que 1,00 uNT mesmo com a utiliza??o de todas as etapas de tratamento

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Fojtíková, Radka. « Vznik mikrosuspenze perikinetickou a ortokinetickou koagulací ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216203.

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This diploma thesis is focused on study of physico-chemical influences on model surface-water treatment which contain humic compounds. From those factors were monitored especially the dose of destabilizing reagent, pH value, temperature, velocity gradient of mixing and time of its duration. As destabilizing reagents were used Al2(SO4)3 .18H2O a Fe2(SO4)3 . 9H2O.

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Fuks, Josef. « Upravitelnost povrchových vod ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226152.

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The aim of the master´s thesis is the topic of the treatability of surface water with the focus on the process of suspension formation. For this work I took water samples from five different places around the Brno Dam which has contended with water quality deterioration for a long period. With these water samples, the series of jar coagulation tests were done with the application of three different commonly used coagulants. In the theoretical part of the master´s thesis I deal with the composition and attributes of surface water and the technology of its treatment. Each process of treatment is briefly described here with the emphasis on the process of suspension formation. The experimental part of the master´s thesis summarizes and presents the results gained through the coagulation tests in the laboratory. I evaluate the influence of different parameters on final effectiveness of water treatment and I try to find an optimal amount of coagulant, pH and speed of fast or slow mixing. Finally I compare the suitability of each coagulant and the influence of the sampling site on the effectiveness of water treatment.

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Molano, Linares Jazmin Desider. « Tratamiento de efluentes de la industria alimentaria por coagulación-floculación utilizando almidón de Solanum tuberosum L. ‘papa’ como alternativa al manejo convencional ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1117.

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Se evaluó el tratamiento de efluentes de la industria alimentaria por coagulación-floculación utilizando almidón de Solanum tuberosum L. „papa‟ como alternativa al manejo convencional. Los ensayos se realizaron a escala de laboratorio realizando la prueba de jarras con dos coagulantes: sulfato de aluminio y policloruro de aluminio, y dos floculantes: poliacrilamida aniónica y almidón gelatinizado, con variaciones en relación a dosis, concentración y velocidad. Para determinar los parámetros ideales se utilizaron las siguientes variables respuesta: índice de Willcomb, absorbancia, turbidez y demanda química de oxígeno. El mejor tratamiento fue con el coagulante policloruro de aluminio y el floculante poliacrilamida aniónica alcanzándose un porcentaje de reducción de DQO de 83,05%. Aun así, los resultados al utilizar almidón sugieren que se puede reemplazar la poliacrilamida aniónica por el almidón de S. tuberosum al aplicar un tratamiento primario a un efluente industrial no doméstico de una empresa alimentaria ubicada en el distrito de Ate en la ciudad de Lima, Perú para cumplir los Valores máximos admisibles del Decreto Supremo N°021-009-Vivienda, en el aspecto de la carga orgánica presente.Treatment of industrial wastewater was evaluated through coagulation-floculation using starch of Solanum tuberosum L. „potato‟ as an alternative to the conventional management. Assays were performed in a laboratory scale by performing Jar Test with two coagulants: aluminum sulfate and aluminum polychloride, and two flocculants: anionic polyacrylamide and gelatinized starch, making variations in dose, concentration and speed. To determine the ideal parameters, the following response variables were used: Willcomb index, absorbance, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand. The best treatment was when using aluminum polychloride as coagulant and anionic polyacrylamide as flocculant, reaching a reduction percentage of 83,05% in chemical oxygen demand. Even then, the results suggest that can the anionic polyacrylamide can be replaced by starch of S. tuberosum when applying a primary treatment to industrial wastewater from a food company located in the district of Ate in Lima, Perú to meet the admisible values set in the Supreme Decree No. 021-009-VIVIENDA, in the aspect of organic matter present in it.

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Byrd, Peter R. « Test plan framework for Cross Domain Solution (CDS) devices ». Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/JAP/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FByrd%5FJAP.pdf.

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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in [Program Management] from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010."
Advisor(s): Naegle, Brad ; Boudreau, Michael W. "June 2010." "Joint applied project"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: CDS, CT&E, NSA, NIST, RDAC Includes bibliographical references (p. 29). Also available in print.

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Giglio, Guilherme Lelis. « Avaliação de diversos métodos de detecção de cistos de Giardia spp. e Oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum presentes no resíduo gerado após o tratamento de água de abastecimento com turbidez elevada ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-10052016-155934/.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diversos métodos de detecção e recuperação de cistos de Giardia spp. e de oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum em resíduos gerados no tratamento de águas de abastecimento com turbidez elevada tendo como padrão o Método 1623.1 da USEPA (2012 ). Para tanto, ensaios utilizando aparelho Jarteste (coagulação, floculação, decantação e filtração ) foram realizados utilizando o coagulante cloreto de polialumínio - PAC. Em todos os métodos avaliados foi utilizada a técnica de purificação por separação imunomagnética - IMS. A adaptação do método floculação em carbonato de cálcio FCCa elaborado por Vesey et al. (1993) e adaptado por Feng et al. (2011), repercutiu nos melhores resultados para a amostra de resíduo sedimentado, com recuperações de 68 ± 17 % para oocisto de C. parvum e de 42 ± 7 % para cisto de Giardia spp. Entretanto, as recuperações para a amostra de água de lavagem dos filtros - ALF foram inferiores à 1 %, não sendo possível determinar um método adequado. A presença dos patógenos indica que o reuso da ALF em ETA convencionais ou o descarte em mananciais sem um tratamento prévio, pode representar problemas de contaminação. A adaptação dos métodos de Boni de Oliveira (2012) e Keegan et al. (2008), também repercutiram em porcentagens de recuperação expressivas para a amostra de resíduo sedimentado, sendo de: 41 ± 35 % para oocisto de C. parvum e 11 ± 70 % para cisto de Giardia spp., e 38 ± 26 % para oocisto de C. parvum e 26 ± 13 % para cisto de Giardia spp., respectivamente. A análise estatística não resultou em diferença significativa entre estes dois métodos, entretanto, as elevadas recuperações indicam que estes métodos podem ser melhor avaliados em pesquisas futuras.
This dissertation addresses the evaluation of several methods for the detection of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in wastes produced after a high-turbidity water treatment, according to Method 1623.1 from USEPA (2012). Coagulant polyaluminium chloride - PACl was used in jar test experiments (coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation and filtration ). The Immunomagnetic Separation - IMS technique was applied to all methods. The calcium carbonate flocculation (CCF) method, developed by Vesey et al. (1993) and adapted by Feng et al. (2011 ), was applied to sludge samples in this research and was the best method tested, with 68% ± 17 % and 42 % ± 7,00 % recoveries for C. parvum oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts, respectively. On the other hand, the percentage recovery of (oo)cysts for filter backwash water samples was lower than 1 % and no suitable method could be detected. The presence of pathogens represents contamination risks for water sources and the reuse of filter backwash water may be a problem to conventional water treatment plants. The application of Boni de Oliveira (2012) and Keegan et al. (2008) methods, adjusted to this study, also resulted in significant percentage recoveries for the sludge samples, with 41 ± 35 % for C. parvum oocyst and 11 ± 70% for cyst Giardia spp., and 38 ± 26% for oocyst C. parvum and 26 ± 13% for cyst Giardia spp., respectively. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the two methods, however, such high recoveries indicate they should be better evaluated in future research.

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Bäckman, Tobias, et Gustav Ehmke. « Utveckling av testsystem för Interface Test Adapter till Gripen ATE ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33487.

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The work has been carried out as a product development project at Saab AB in Arboga, focusing on construction. Saab in Arboga develops test systems for JAS 39 Gripen, whose purpose is to verify all the contacts. This is done by using the test system, ATE. Before testing can begin, the wiring harness in the ITA must be verified. Currently this is done manually, and due to wiring extent, the risks of incorrect measurements are apparent. In addition to incorrect measuring, the extent of the wiring can also lead to incorrect wiring in production. These errors can result in the test system fails, which means great financial loss for the company. The project's aim was to develop an automated measurement process and produce a prototype, in order to verify that the ITA is correctly connected before the simulation is done. The main issue for the project has been if an automated measurement process can obtain sufficient precision to replace manual measurement. By analyzing the market for automated movement, a number of concepts for the overall measurement process were generated. The concepts were evaluated with decision-matrix method, as well with regard to the complexity of the required software management for each concept. The measurement process that was chosen based on the 3D printer and its underlying mechanics and automation. To realize the concept to a fully working prototype the process of product development was broken down in segments. This reduced the level of complexity, while it contributed to simplify optimization. In order to achieve optimum design every segment consisted of concept generation and concept evaluation. The construction which is the basis for the prototype is an off-the-shelf solution, and based on the parts used in the milling machine x-Carve. The overall structure is based on the milling machine, however modified to the extent that the purpose can be achieved. The choice to base the design on the X-Carve was made against the background that it harmonized well with the overall concept of measuring process, but also well with the concepts generated in the broken down segments, mentioned above. The underlying factor to the use of components which is an off-the-shelf solution to the design is a result of the project vastness and the provided time. The developed prototype lives up to the requirements. Empirical tests indicate that the prototype obtains sufficient precision to perform measurements. The results of the tests carried out shows that manual labor can be replaced, and therefore leads to the conclusion that the prototype proved useful. The prototype has some potential for development, why it is recommended to examine each segment if additional optimizations must be made.

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Kozma, Radoslav. « Siberian jay friendship test : A study on group cohesion ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Populationsbiologi och naturvårdsbiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154100.

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Group and family living is an integral part of many animals’ ecology. Thus the behavior became associated with plenty of advantages as well as disadvantages. However, rarely has the actual concept of the group been investigated. Questions such as, “What constitutes a ‘group’?” and “Do the individuals within these ‘groups’ associate with each other frequently enough to actually enjoy the benefits of group living?” are seldom asked. With these questions in mind, the aim of this study was to use Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) individuals in their territories to explore and shed more light on the issue of the extent of group living. A working definition of a ‘group’ was made and subsequently the birds were observed in their natural habitat in northern Sweden during several seasons. Consequently, a pair-wise coherence index (CI) was created to quantify the levels of association between the individuals within each territory in order to investigate which possible factors affect the extent of the observed cohesion. Results of the study indicate that pair-wise cohesion was strongly dependent on the kinship of the birds. Moreover, it was found that the alpha and kin birds had significantly higher coherence values than the non kin birds. Thus, within a territory, it was the alpha and the kin birds that formed the core of the group with the non kin birds being much less associated with the other individuals. This was in contrast to the hypothesis, which predicted alpha birds to form the core of the group solely, with kin birds having significantly lower coherence. Interestingly, no effect of habitat type and season was found on the cohesion of the territorial group. Moreover, further evidence of sub-grouping was found even on the kinship level, thus suggesting yet more complex interplay between group cohesion and the group members. All in all, with the non kin birds having low coherence values, the study casts light on the fact that even if individuals are present in a territory, they might not necessarily be a tight unit and as such be unable to fully benefit from group living.

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Lovid, Marcus. « Jag är inte dyslexi version 20 : Text på text ». Thesis, Konstfack, IBIS - Institutionen för bild- och slöjdpedagogik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5920.

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Abstract I denna uppsats handlar det om mina erfarenheter som dyslektiker och vad mina svårigheter har varit i relation till min text. Genom att skriva en text som sedan blir omarbetas och trycks upp på tyg som en gestaltning hoppas jag att jag kan nå ut till fler människor och skapa en förståelse för hur det är att vara dyslektiker och hur man kan använda sig av det i sin undervisning för att underlätta för eleverna. Till exempel att dela upp text i mindre stycken för att ta in information, eller att använda sig av kroki för att öva hjärnan på att kopiera text med snabba och enkla rörelser. Detta ger då en dyslektiker möjligheten att lättare kunna skriva av från tavlan eller lättare skriva anteckningar från tavlan. Denna uppsats är även en uppgörelse med min diagnos och hur jag bearbetar den och försöker förstå min dyslexi. Därför har jag skapat en gestaltning i relation till min text. Jag har tryckt upp min uppsats på tyg, ett tyg med grå bakgrund, ljusgrå text och röd markerad text, som är tre meter brett och fem meter långt. Detta för att betraktaren skulle få uppleva hur det var att vara dyslektiker och uppleva svårigheten att fokusera, läsa och hitta tillbaka i en text som aldrig tar slut. De rö dmarkerade textstyckena blir en avlastning för ögat men även information om min uppsats om mina inre tankar för att skapa en nyfikenhet till betraktaren.

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Wahlberg, Eva-Lena. « The Wine Jars Speak : A text study ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-174631.

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The Wine Jars Speak: A text study. Reworked and translated from a Swedish MA thesis, Vinkärlsetiketterna berättar: En textstudie from 2008 in Egyptology, Uppsala University. This paper examines the texts written on shards from wine jars found at El-Amarna, Tutankhamun’s tomb (KV 62) and Deir el-Medina. Information concerning the administration of wine and its production, found in these texts, is examined. Wine was an important element in Egyptian society and a common iconographic motif in tombs at Thebes during New Kingdom. A survey on previous research on the subject is presented. This is followed by analysis of the different reoccurring elements found in the texts. A definition of the standard formulation of the wine jar label texts is given and the minimal level of information needed for the administration of wine production and distribution is identified. The chapter of the analysis deals with the various types of information given in the label texts, such as date, wine classification, and function. The next chapter presents the words associated with the vineyard, the names of the institutions involved in the production and use of wine, and the place names that identify where wine production took place. The following chapter deals with the titles and personal names of the officials involved in wine production. This study shows that these small texts contribute to an understanding of wine production. They also display continuity in form that bridges the turbulence of the Amarna Period. The earlier examples of these texts do not have an ideological component. It is first with the Ramesside Period, and the more intrusive inclusion of the name of the King, that some ideological intent can be identified.

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Andersson, Emma, et Linda Hermansson. « Jag läser, jag förstår, jag räknar ! : - En empirisk forskningsstudie av elevers språkanvändning vid beräkning av matematikuppgifter med text ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för matematik (MA), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75479.

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Denna kvalitativa forskningsstudie grundas i tidigare systematiska litteraturstudie. Aktuell studie syftar till att undersöka elevers användande av språkförmågorna, läsa, skriva, tala, lyssna och samtala, vid arbetet med matematikuppgifter med text. Frågor som besvaras i studien är vilka språkförmågor som används och hur de används i lösningsförfarandet. För att studera ämnet och kunna besvara frågeställningarna har deltagarna bestått av tolv elever i årskurs 3 från två skolor. Eleverna har i par genomfört en matematikuppgift med text. Processen spelades in och samtalen transkriberades för vidare analys med diskursanalys som metod. Ett kategoriseringsschema med tillhörande frågor fylldes i för att kunna utmärka diskurser som sedan utgjorde resultatet. Resultatet innehåller fem diskurser som synliggör språkanvändandet vid lösningsförfarandet. Det visar att eleverna använder samtliga språkförmågor men i olika utsträckningar. Lyssna och läsa har visats betydande vid förståelse, likaså tala och samtala, vilka även är avgörande för reflektion och resonemangsförande. Språkförmågan skriva används i minst utsträckning och visas enbart användbar vid förtydligande när eleverna skriver svaret på uppgiften.

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Franssen, Peter J. A. « Tussen tekst en publiek : Jan van Doesborch, drukker-uitgever en literator te Antwerpen en Utrecht in de eerste helft van de zestiende eeuw / ». Amsterdam : Rodopi, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355682130.

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Dies-Diverchy, Laëtitia. « Influence d’une texturation déformable sur l’adhésion et la friction ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112217/document.

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Lorsque deux objets sont mis en contact, on réalise une expérience d’adhésion si on les sépare et une expérience de friction si on les fait glisser l’un sur l’autre. Lors de ces expériences, on mesure les forces d’adhésion et de friction contrôlées par un paramètre fondamental qui est l’aire réelle de contact. Cette aire réelle dépend fortement de la rugosité des surfaces. Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle de la rugosité, des expériences d’adhésion et de friction ont été réalisées entre des sphères d’élastomère en PDMS et des surfaces texturées (dures ou molles) constituées d’une rugosité modélisée par un réseau hexagonal de plots cylindriques de hauteurs, diamètres et espacements micrométriques.Dans les expériences d’adhésion, un dispositif de type JKR (pour Johnson, Kendall et Roberts) a été utilisé permettant d’observer le contact entre une sphère élastique et un plan texturé tout en contrôlant la force entre les surfaces. À faible force d’appui, la sphère reste au sommet des plots et le contact est dit « posé ». Lorsque la force entre les surfaces augmente, un contact total, où les plots sont écrasés (« contact intime »), apparaît au centre du contact, entourée d’une couronne de contact « posé ». Un modèle d’évolution du contact intime a été réalisé en prenant en compte l’adhésion entre les plots et les caractéristiques mécaniques des surfaces. De plus, en utilisant une analyse similaire à l’analyse classique de type JKR, il a été possible de mesurer les énergies d’adhésion effectives entre les surfaces. L’étude de l’évolution de ces énergies d’adhésion en fonction de la densité surfacique de plots sous le contact sphère-plan s’est révélée complexe. Finalement, des mesures de la force d’arrachement ont été réalisées, confirmant le rôle très important de la nature du contact sur l’évolution des énergies d’adhésion effective.Pour les expériences de friction, un tribomètre développé au laboratoire a été utilisé pour mesurer la force de friction dynamique. Durant ces expériences, les deux types de contact précédemment cités ont également été observés. Dans le cas où le contact reste « posé », il est naturel d’introduire une contrainte de friction égale à la force de friction divisée par l’aire réelle de contact. Il a été montré que cette contrainte de friction augmente sur des surfaces texturées (par rapport au cas lisse) et que cette augmentation dépend de façon complexe de la géométrie des plots utilisés. De plus, il a été montré que pour des petits rayons de courbure des sphères frottantes, la contrainte de friction n’est plus indépendante de l’aire réelle de contact. Finalement, nous avons montré que la contrainte de friction dans la zone de contact intime est la même que pour des surfaces lisses.Ce travail ouvre la voie à des développements théoriques et numériques nouveaux sur l’analyse du champ de contraintes et de déformations pour des contacts texturés modèles
When two objects are in contact, an adhesion experiment is carried out if they are separated and a friction experience if one object slides on the other. A fundamental parameter which controls the adhesion and friction forces is the real area of contact between the surfaces which is largely determined by the surface roughness. To better understand the role of roughness, adhesion and friction experiments were performed with spheres of PDMS elastomer and textured surfaces (hard or soft). The latter’s roughness is modeled by an hexagonal network of cylindrical pillars with micrometrical dimensions and spacing.In adhesion experiments, a JKR set up (for Johnson, Kendall and Roberts) was used to observe the contact between an elastic sphere and a textured surface while controlling the force between the surfaces. At low normal force, the sphere remains at the top of the pillars and the contact is called "top". When the force between the surfaces increases, a full area of contact, where pillars are collapsed ("intimate contact"), appears in the center contact, surrounded by a crown of "top" contact. A model of evolution of this intimate contact which takes into account the adhesion between the pillars and the mechanical properties of surfaces has been achieved. Furthermore, it was possible to measure effective energies of adhesion between the surfaces using a similar analysis to the classical JKR analysis. Studying the evolution of these adhesion energies as a function of the pillars’ surface density below the sphere-plan contact proved to be a challenging task. At last, measurements of the pull off force were realised, corroborating the important role of the nature of contact on the evolution of effectif energies of adhesion.For friction experiments, a tribometer developed in the laboratory was used to measure the dynamic frictional force. During these experiments, the two kinds of contact previously reported were observed. When the contact remains "top", it is natural to introduce a friction stress equal to the friction force divided by the real area of contact. It has been shown that friction stress increases on textured surfaces (relative to the smooth case) and that this increase depends in a complex manner on the geometry of the pillars. Moreover, it has been shown that for small curvature radii of the friction spheres, the friction stress is no longer independent of the real area of contact. Finally, we have shown that the friction stress in the zone of intimate contact is the same as on smooth surfaces.The experimental results obtained in this thesis will serve to validate future numerical models

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Prinsloo, Jan Hendrik Jacobus. « Automated control of a pebble bed core thermal flow test unit / by Jan H.J. Prinsloo ». Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/129.

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The HTTF (Heat Transfer Test Facility) is a unique project verifying the only pebble bed correlations currently used by PBMR (Pty) LTD. They are developing a new concept nuclear power station and are at present in the preparation phase of the conshuction of the worlds first PBMR (Pebble Bed Modular Reactor). The PBMR required the HTTF to be built at the North-West University in Potchefstroom. The HTTF consists of two separate test facilities: the H7TU (High Temperature Test Unit) and the HPTU (High Pressure Test Unit). The focus of this project will be on the HPTU. The HPrU is a unique test plant making a high range of test and operating conditions possible. The plant's test vessel can be loaded with eleven types of separate test sections, enabling it to do these tests. Pressure ranges and mass flow conditions vary in every test that is conducted. A design like this requires a complex control system able to control the plant during these variable test conditions. The HFTU has a very high safety requirement as it will be operated at extremely high pressures and, primarily because it will enable PBMR (Ltd) Pty to develop an inherently safe nuclear power plant. An automated control system needs to be developed to ensure the safety of this plant. The purpose of this study is to develop and deliver this safe, automated and user friendly control system that will be able to control the HPTU throughout its operating ranges. Research had to be done on its design to determine the plant's operating criteria. Furthermore, an investigation of the HTPU's characteristics and behaviour is necessary to fully understand the operation arrangement of the plant in order for it to be controllable. For the development of a complex, but absolutely safe protection systems, the operating margins have to be gathered. The plant will be operated for many hours at a time with limited number of operating personnel, which underline the necessity of research in the development of a modem plant user interface, as it will be the only communication path between the highly complex HPTU and the newly trained operators. It is not always possible to tune and simulate controllers for large plants because of their complexity. Additional tuning methods are required to do PID (Proportional Integral Differential) variable tuning. Most of these tests are conducted in the actual plant. A background study therefore had to be conducted on the development and tuning of industrial PID controllers. A control system previously developed for PBMR project that was completed at the end of 2002. This plant is called the Pebble Bed Micro Model (PBMM) and was, up until now, one of PBMR's proudest achievements. This control system was investigated to determine the control and protection system criteria. It was used as a resource of information for an equally complex and similar in size plant's control systems. The HPTU's automated control system consists of an OCS (Operational Control System) and an EPS (Equipment Protection System). The OCS will contain all the software necessary to control and protect the HPTU throughout all the operating conditions. It physically controls the plant by manipulating the actuators of the plant to perform the required functions. The EPS is a backup protection system for the OCS to ensure that critical plant operating parameters are not exceeded. This system is developed to protect and control the plant throughout all the possible operating scenarios. Prior to the possibility to develop a protection system like this, it was essential to fully understand and analyse the HPTU's design. To determine the required operating conditions, the modes and states were investigated. High risk machines and equipment were then identified to determine whether extra backup protection hardware would he necessary for the specific equipment. A simulator was developed for the HPTU to simulate and predict the operating behaviour of the plant and to design and test all the relevant PI controllers. The control system was designed and developed during the construction of the plant. Tuning of the controllers was done during the commissioning of the HPTU and a study of the results determined the performance of the controllers. The user interface is the interface between the operator actions and the plant. Modem engineering development like the HPTU required a modem user interface. Research was conducted to determine the effect that the conventional user interfaces had on operators in order to determine a optimum way to design and implement the system. Modem user interface was investigated to develop a control system that would allow good cooperation between operators and control systems. The hardware and control room setup was also designed to represent a quality control interface.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Faßbender, Jan [Verfasser]. « Untersuchungen zu Synthese und Eigenschaften P-tert-Butyl-substituierter Oxaphosphirankomplexe / Jan Faßbender ». Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177881675/34.

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Nieminen, Johansson Tiina. « Hur kan jag veta det när det inte står i texten ? : Läsförståelse bland gymnasieelever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38569.

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Studies show that some pupils with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) can have difficulties in understanding written texts. The present study seeks to examine whether pupils with ASD differ in their reading comprehension of a factual text and a literary text. Another aim of the study is to obtain a picture of the reading habits of high school pupils with ASD, what reading strategies they use, and how they work with texts in Swedish lessons in school. The study uses texts from PISA surveys from 2009 and 2000. The factual text Varmluftsballongen (The Hot-air Balloon) was taken from the try-out for the 2009 survey and the literary text Gåvan (The Gift) was taken from the 2000 PISA survey. To gain some idea of the pupils’ reading comprehension of the texts, the present study used the tasks accompanying the texts, with certain changes in the questions about the text on the hot-air balloon. The pupils also had to complete a questionnaire about their reading habits, how they go about understanding the texts better, and how they work with texts in Swedish lessons. The pupils were interviewed to yield a little more information about how they comprehended the two different types of text. The study was conducted at two high schools geared to pupils with ASD, including a total of twelve pupils. Four of these pupils were also interviewed. The result of the reading comprehension tests show that the majority of the pupils found it easier to answer the questions about the factual text. The pupils who read a lot and are interested in reading achieved better results in both text assignments. There was a clear association between the pupils who have difficulties concentrating and finishing a book and their results on the reading comprehension tasks, which can be explained by their functional impairment. The result of the pupils’ questionnaire showed that they use different strategies when reading factual texts and literary texts. There were also differences in how the pupils work with different texts in school, both individually and together with other pupils, depending on which type of text it is. The help that pupils receive from their teachers can be limited by the pupils’ functional impairment, but according to the study this help is significant for the pupils’ reading comprehension, especially of literary texts.

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Tammen, Jan [Verfasser]. « Simulations and Tests for the High-Energy-Telescope on Solar Orbiter / Jan Tammen ». Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102196665/34.

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Ståhl, Dennis. « Varför sjöng jag aldrig på finlandssvenska ? : Hur språk påverkar text, sång och låtskrivning ». Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69224.

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Syftet med det här arbetet var att skriva texter på både engelska och finlandssvenska för att jämföra vad som händer med min röst när jag sjunger och min egen syn på låtskrivning, beroende på språket jag använder mig av. Jag hoppades att jag kunde utveckla min förmåga att leverera texterna och mitt eget låtskrivande och inte känna att det är pinsamt att sjunga på finlandssvenska. Den skiljer sig från sverigesvenskan, både melodiskt och rytmiskt och det blev både begränsande och befriande att sjunga på mitt modersmål då finlandssvenskan känns fysiskt annorlunda än engelskan när jag sjunger. Jag har under hösten och vintern skrivit texter på både finlandssvenska och engelska, som jag sedan har skrivit musik till i efterhand. Jag har lagt fokus på fyra av dem där jag analyserat både vad som skiljer sig tekniskt i sången och hur musiken formats av texten. Den konstnärliga delen av arbetet presenteras i form av inspelningar där jag har fokuserat på skrivandeprocessen, inspelningen och låtens utveckling. Jag har analyserat vad som händer med min egen röst i de olika låtarna och hur rösten känns för mig då jag sjunger på respektive språk. I och med detta har jag kommit fram till att mitt låtskrivande fungerar på olika sätt beroende på vilket språk texten är, och på finlandssvenska kan jag förmedla texten tydligare. Tvivel och osäkerhet fanns med från början, men jag hittade snart en glädje i att skriva texter på finlandssvenska. Att jämföra texterna på de två olika språken har varit intressant och jag har upptäckt, för mig, tydliga skillnader i hur jag jobbar på respektive språk. Arbetet har hjälpt mig att bli bekvämare i att sjunga på mitt modersmål, och har utvecklat mitt text- och låtskrivande till den grad att jag gärna skriver och sjunger på finlandssvenska nu, eftersom det känns lättare att förmedla det jag verkligen vill säga med mina texter.

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Goulart, Douglas Rangel 1987. « Development of plate of osteosynthes for mandibular angle fracture with boné loss = finite elemento analysis and mechanical test = Desenvolvimento de placa de fixação interna para o tratamento de fratura complexa de ângulo mandibular : avaliação pelo método dos elementos finitos e teste mecânico ». [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287887.

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Orientador: Márcio de Moraes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T09:12:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goulart_DouglasRangel_M.pdf: 2699898 bytes, checksum: e7d2281b73e4ff46b282bf86177c5b1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Apesar da evolução do tratamento das fraturas de ângulo mandibular, o conhecimento torna-se restrito quando se trata de fraturas com múltiplos traços ou perda de estrutura óssea, devido à falta de investigações específicas na área. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho é desenvolver e avaliar um novo design de placa de fixação interna para tratamento de fraturas complexas de ângulo mandibular por meio do método dos elementos finitos e teste de carregamento linear. Primeiramente foi gerado um modelo tridimensional da mandíbula fraturada no software Rhinocerus 4.0, seguida pela modelagem de placas e parafusos do sistema 2,0 mm. Os modelos foram exportados para o Ansys®, no qual foi aplicado deslocamento de 3 mm no rebordo alveolar na região que corresponde a fossa central do primeiro molar ipsilateral a fratura. Foram avaliados três grupos segundo o método de fixação interna: duas placas do sistema 2,0 mm; duas placas do sistema 2,0 mm locking; e uma placa com novo design do sistema 2,0 mm locking. O modelo computacional foi transferido para um modelo in vitro com mandíbulas de poliuretano, com os mesmos grupos de fixação e padrão de fratura mandibular. Cada grupo foi composto por cinco mandíbulas, cada amostra foi submetida ao teste de carregamento linear na máquina de ensaio universal Instron modelo 4411 até o deslocamento de 5 mm. Para o modelo computacional foi observada uma distribuição mais equilibrada de tensão no novo design de placa, além disso, a fixação com a nova placa apresentou uma tendência de manter os segmentos aproximados. Porém foi observada superioridade da força de reação do grupo com duas placas 2,0 mm locking (651,67 N). No ensaio mecânico o grupo com duas placas locking apresentou maior resistência ao deslocamento de 3 mm com diferenças estatisticamente significativa que o grupo da nova placa (one-way ANOVA; F = 4,92, p = ,013). Foi desenvolvido um modelo de placa para o tratamento de fratura de ângulo mandibular, que na análise de elementos finitos apresentou uma distribuição mais equilibrada das tensões, porém o grupo com duas placas locking apresentou maior resistência mecânica. A nova placa pode substituir duas placas convencionais sem prejuízo de resistência mecânica e com vantagens de apresentar a tendência de manter os segmentos fraturados aproximados quando submetidos a deslocamento
Abstract: Despite the developments concerning the treatment of mandibular angle fractures, knowledge becomes limited when it comes to multiple fractures lines or loss of bone due to the lack of specific investigation in this field. Thus, the aim of this work is developing and evaluating a new design of internal fixation plate for the treatment of the complex mandibular fractures by the finite element method and mechanical testing. A three dimensional model of the fractured mandible was generated in Rhinocerus 4.0 software, and also was performed the modeling of the 2.0 mm system plates. The models have been exported to ANSYS ®, in which it was performed a static application of a force to generate displacement of 3 mm in the first molar region ipsilateral to the fracture. Three groups were evaluated according to the method of internal fixation: two plates of the 2.0 mm non-locking system, two plates of 2.0 mm locking system, and a plate with new design 2.0mm locking system. The computational model was transferred to an in vitro experiment with polyurethane mandibles with the same fixation groups and fracture pattern. Each group with five mandibles was subjected to linear loading test in a universal testing machine Instron Model 4411 to the displacement of 5 mm. A more balanced distribution of stress in the new plate design was observed. In addition, the new plate modified the mechanical behavior of the fractured region with a tendency to keep the approximate segments. However, the superiority of the reaction force of the group with two 2.0mm locking plates was observed (651.67 N). In the mechanical test the group with two locking plates showed greater resistance to the 3 mm displacement with statistically significant difference than the new plate group ( one-way ANOVA , F = 4.92 , p = 013)
Mestrado
Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

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Joakim, Heining, et Heiman Emmely. « Jag är min egen lärare : En interventionsstudie om självständig textbearbetning av elever i årskurs 6 ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65541.

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The aim of the study was to investigate how an independent revision of a self- produced text for the national examinations in Swedish for grade 6 changes its quality. An additional aim was to study whether this change in quality led to a change in the grade awarded to the text. In this study the pupils were viewed as independent individuals with an ability to think and act on their own, and therefore a cognitive perspective was applied to the result. The study used the texts produced by the pupils during the national examination, and the accompanying grading matrix was used as a yardstick. After the pupils had revised their text, it was graded again and this was compared with the previous grade to manifest the change. When the grading had been done, the texts were divided into one of three categories: improved, deteriorated, or unchanged quality, which enabled a quantification of the results of the study. This shows a general improvement in text quality after the revision. Of the 36 participants in the study, 28 improved the quality of their texts, and 6 of these were judged to have earned higher grades. Only one text was deemed to have declined in quality and earned a lower grade. It is relevant for teachers in today’s school to know that a revision should not just be viewed as a final correction but as part of the entire writing process. The study also shows that pupils who revise a text on their own improve its quality. In some cases it may be appropriate for a teacher to give a response in order to allow pupils a better chance to improve the quality of their texts.

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Argerich, Jennie. « Offentliga rum : En statistisk undersökning av upplevelsen av platserna Hornstull torg och Skärhomstorget ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-321831.

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This thesis evaluates public spaces based on the relationship between humans and thephysical environment. A comparative study was developed, comparing two differentpublic spaces, Hornstull torg and Skärholmstorget. The two places have beenstatistical analysed through chisquare tests and evaluated based on different factors, toidentify strengths and weaknesses. The factors have been identifiedas important forpublic spaces to be perceived as attractive and have been determined with help froma theoretical framework based on urban research. Social progress has resulted in changes on how we use public spaces which createsnew demands on the surroundings. The study concludes that a public space'sattractiveness is a complicated and multifolded concept that has different meanings fordifferent people. On the other hand, it is clear that public spaces are connected toboth social and physical structures and the combination of these two dimensionsdecides how the place is perceived and used. The results from the chisquare-tests show differences depending on gender and ageon how they experience public space. Skärholmstorget fulfils more of the factors thathave been identified as crucial for an attractive public space than Hornstull torg does.However, the majority of the respondents perceive Skärholmstorget as moreinsecure than Hornstull torg. This may have effect on how often the public space isused.

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Strömberg, Per. « Kan jag öva utan att sjunga ? : en självobservationsstudie av instudering i sång ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för konstnärliga studier (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71363.

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Syftet med denna självobservationsstudie är att utforska tillvägagångssätt vid instudering av sång utifrån ett textfokus. I detta arbete beskrivs huvudsakligen tre metoder för sig och när de används kombinerat. Metoderna till instudering är lyssna, rösten och skriva. Studien är baserat på sociokulturellt perspektivet samt annan relevant information om instudering. Metoden som används i arbetet är videor från övningstillfällen samt loggbok som antecknats efter varje övningstillfälle. Studien är baserad på mig själv där jag under två veckor fört 14 loggboksinlägg och två videoinspelningar när jag aktivt arbetar i 20 minuter per inlägg under hösten 2017. I resultatet visas hur jag använt de tre metoder som är min röst, skrift och hörseln som användes vid instudering av två olika sånger. Slutligen diskuteras resultatet i förhållande till bakrundskapitlet.
This self-observation purpose is to find new ways to learn song with text focus. The study presents three different methods for them self and when they are integrated in each other. The methods that been used is listening, The voice and writing. The study is based on Sociocultural perspective and other relevant research when it comes to studding songs. the method I’ve used for this study is video recording when I practise and notes from practise sessions. For two weeks, I gathered information and 14 practice sessions with two films. One session was 20 minutes each and was gather autumn 2017. Later on, in the result I will present how I used these three methods which are voice, writing and listening which I used to learn the two-different song. At the end the result will be discussed to the earlier research.

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Smilková, Karolína. « Fotograf a pedagog Jan Regal ». Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391681.

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The thesis focuses on the photographer and lecturer Jan Regal. In the theoretical section summarizes his life and work as a photographic and educational activities. Jan Regal scope is predominantly in the Zlin region, where he comes from. The intention of this work is not only biography, but also his work in the context in the times.

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Rödlund, Andreas. « (Oh la la)- Jag vill ha dig- Ulf Lundell : -En textanalys ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för musik och bild (MB), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70148.

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Tsernova, Inga. « jag försöker låta bli : en text om att bli till : om kroppar, hantverk, själ och Ande ». Thesis, Konstfack, Ädellab, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7265.

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How can we live and work with craft as people in an age of global climate crisis? What must we change in order to work empathically and in harmony with our surrounding world? While not in need to actively ensure our survival, it is easy for us to forget to stay humble to our own needs, thus taking our lives and our surroundings for granted. We forget our bodies and we forget the bodies of others, animals and objects alike. We forget that we need each other in order to become. This text is a complementary exploration in how awareness of the soul, body and Spirit may help bring back a balance that we've lost in town based cultures of the west. I am looking for balance as I twist fibre into thread and into rope and as I suspend rock- and human bodies into temporary sculptures. I look for inspiration in phenomenologist thought, alchemy, shamanism and daoism, as well as in the active making of craft and art. My work centers around telling stories, crafting and material exploration as well as bodily awareness and performance. In the work, body and material are synonymous concepts drifting in and out of each other, enabling and shaping each other, becoming together. I am looking to meet my surroundings not always on my own terms, but by changing, adapting and compromising myself. This helps bring an awareness that unites me with the bodies around me, placing me not above but amidst constant becomings.

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Fagerlund, Larsson Patricia. « Får jag vara med ? –En analys av hur mobbning gestaltas i två bilderböcker ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-85751.

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Detta är en analys av hur mobbning gestaltas i två bilderböcker. Skolverket (2019) skriver att skolan ska se till att ingen människa blir utsatt för diskriminering, förtryck eller kränkande behandling och ett hjälpmedel läraren kan använda sig av i klassrummet för att förebygga mobbning är bilderboken (s.10). Mitt syfte är att analysera mobbningen som gestaltas ur olika synvinklar i de två bilderböckerna. Genom min frågeställning har jag först svarat på vilken sorts mobbning som är mest förekommande och sedan hur samspelet mellan bild och text gestaltas i dessa mobbningssituationer. Utöver detta analyseras den tredje frågeställningen som handlar om hur de vuxna agerar i mobbningssituationerna. Även hur karaktärernas trivsel i skolan och i hemmet påverkas av mobbningen. Hur jag har besvarat mitt syfte är genom att huvudsakligen analyserat bilden och texten och samspelet mellan dem när jag analyserat mina frågeställningar. Det har jag gjort genom att ha använt mig av BRIS (u.å.) kategoriseringar av psykisk, verbal och fysisk mobbning samt Maria Nikolajevas (2000) kategorier om samspelet mellan bild och text och hennes personbeskrivningar av karaktärer. Resultatet visar att det främst förekommer psykisk mobbning i Ingen vill vara med Elin och fysisk mobbning i Rädda Vilda/Rädda Molly. Den ena bilderboken har främst ett kompletterande samspel mellan bild och text och den andra ett symmetriskt. Föräldrarna i bilderböckerna får aldrig reda på att någon mobbning förekom och kan därför inte agera. Det är en öppen tolkningsfråga om lärarna ser mer än vad de agerar efter där de antingen inte kan agera eller väljer att inte göra det. Resultatet visar även att huvudkaraktärernas trivsel inte bara påverkar deras mående i skolan utan även i hemmet som påverkade karaktärerna psykiskt och fysiskt. Till vidare forskning hade det varit intressant att undersöka varför de vuxna karaktärerna gestaltas som de gör och varför författare från min studie samt från tidigare forskning väljer att gestaltas de vuxna som icke agerande i de mobbningssituationer som sker.

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Andersson, Emma, et Linda Hermansson. « Ska jag läsa eller räkna ? : En systematisk litteraturstudie om språkförmågors betydelse i arbetet med matematikuppgifter med text ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för matematik (MA), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70478.

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Denna systematiska litteraturstudie rörande matematikämnet tar sin utgångspunkt i diskursanalys som metod, vilket innefattar analys av språket och dess betydelse. Detta har inneburit att få fram utmärkande diskurser inom ämnet som studien berör. Följande har möjliggjorts med hjälp av ett kategoriseringsschema innefattande specifika frågor till litteraturen. Totalt framkom sex diskurser kopplat till studiens ämne. Tre av dessa relaterar till frågeställning ett gällande elevers språkliga förmågor i förhållande till matematikuppgifter med text. Frågeställning två innefattar likväl tre diskurser som berör vad pedagoger har för roll i undervisningsarbetet med dessa uppgifter och hur de kan stötta elevers utveckling av förståelse. Resultatet syftar till att reda ut vilka av de språkliga förmågorna lyssna, tala, samtala, läsa och skriva som har betydelse i arbetet med matematikuppgifter med text, samt vad som främjar elevers utveckling. Resultatet från tidigare forskning påvisar läsförmågan som avgörande för elevers förståelse av matematikuppgifter med text, men att elevers verbala förmåga är avgörande för utvecklandet av förståelse och att kunna sätta uppgifter i kontexter. Det sistnämnda gällande kontext poängteras ha störst vikt i arbetet med förståelse av innehållet i specifikt problemlösningsuppgifter. Genom analys framkom att lärare uppmanas till sociokulturellt arbetssätt med variation i undervisningen och uppgifter där vägledning, stöttning och att delge strategier är centrala inslag. Viktigt konstateras också resonemangsförande i undervisningen där elever möjliggörs att delge varandra olika synvinklar på matematikuppgifter, således utvecklas deras reflektion och förståelse.

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Pilati, Camilla. « Caractérisation moléculaire des adénomes hépatocellulaires ». Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S011.

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Les adénomes hépatocellulaires (AHC) sont des tumeurs bénignes rares qui se développent le plus souvent chez la femme jeune suite à la prise de contraceptifs oraux. Les complications principales sont l’hémorragie et plus rarement, la transformation maligne en carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC). Des travaux récents ont permis d’identifier 3 groupes moléculaires principales d’AHC qui se définissent par (1) l’inactivation du facteur de transcription HNF1A (H-HCA), (2) l'activation de la voie Wnt/ß-caténine (bHCA) ou (3) la présence d’infiltrats inflammatoires (IHCA).Afin d’identifier les voies de tumorigenèse associées au développement d’AHC inflammatoires (IHCA), une analyse transcriptomique comparant des IHCA à des foies non tumoraux a été réalisée au laboratoire, ce qui a permis d’identifier dans ce groupe tumoral une activation de la voie IL-6/JAK/STAT3. Nous avons recherché de nouvelles altérations géniques et nous avons caractérisé le mécanisme d'activation de la voie IL-6/JAK/STAT dans les IHCA. Les conséquences fonctionnelles sur la voie STAT3 des différents mutants ont été analysées par une modélisation de leur expression dans des lignées hépatocellulaires. Par ailleurs, nous avons réalisé des études génomiques intégrées (analyse CGH-SNP, méthylome et séquençage exome) sur une large série de 250 AHC avec pour objectif d’affiner la classification moléculaire des AHC, d’identifier de nouveaux gènes altérés dans ces tumeurs et d’élucider les mécanismes de transformation maligne des AHC en CHC.Dans le groupe des IHCA, ces analyses nous ont permis d’identifier de nombreux oncogènes activés par mutation somatique ; de plus, trois de ces gènes n’avaient jamais été décrits comme étant mutés dans des tumeurs humaines. Nous avons identifié des mutations activatrices du récepteur à l’IL-6, gp130 dans 60% des IHCA. Nous avons aussi retrouvé des mutations de FRK, une src-like kinase, dans 10% des IHCA, du facteur de transcription STAT3 dans 5% des IHCA, du gène GNAS dans 5% des cas, et de la tyrosine kinase JAK1 dans 1% des cas. Toutes les mutations identifiées étaient somatiques, monoalléliques et mutuellement exclusives. Nous avons pu montrer, dans des systèmes de lignées cellulaires hépatocellulaires, que l'expression des formes mutées de ces gènes est capable d’activer la voie IL-6/STAT3 en absence du ligand IL-6, contrairement aux protéines sauvages. Nous avons identifié des inhibiteurs pharmacologiques qui permettent d’inhiber de façon spécifique ces mutants et qui pourraient être utilisés en clinique pour le traitement des IHCA.Grâce à une technique de CGH-SNP, nous avons identifié des événements récurrents de pertes et gains de chromosomes associés aux groupes moléculaires d’AHC. De façon similaire, l’étude de la méthylation dans les AHC a permis de mettre en évidence un pattern spécifique à chaque sous groupe. Nous avons montré que l’instabilité chromosomique augmente progressivement dans les lésions borderline et dans les CHC développés sur AHC comparés aux AHC classiques. Le séquençage exome de 5 transformations malignes de AHC en CHC a identifié un nombre plus important de mutations dans les AHC qui ont transformé comparé aux AHC classiques ; ce nombre est significativement augmenté dans la partie CHC des tumeurs. La comparaison de la partie bénigne et maligne des tumeurs a mis en évidence l'activation de ß-caténine comme un évènement précoce dans le processus de transformation et a révélé la présence de mutations somatiques fréquentes dans le promoteur de la télomèrase (TERT), identifiées principalement dans la partie maligne des tumeurs.En conclusion, cette étude a permis d’identifier des mécanismes distincts conduisant à l'activation de STAT3 dans les IHCA, renforçant le rôle de la voie JAK-STAT3 dans la tumorigenèse bénigne hépatocellulaire ainsi que le lien entre Src kinases et inflammation. Ces travaux ont permis d’affiner la classification moléculaire des AHC avec des corrélations étroites
Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign tumors that develop most often in young women after taking oral contraception. The main complications are hemorrhage and rarely, malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent work in the laboratory identified three main HCA molecular groups that are defined by (1) inactivation of the transcription factor HNF1A (H-HCA), (2) activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway (bHCA) or (3) the presence of inflammatory infiltrates (IHCA).To identify tumorigenesis pathways associated with the development of inflammatory HCA (IHCA), a transcriptome analysis comparing IHCA to non-tumor liver was performed in the laboratory, leading to the identification of an activation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in these tumors. We sought new gene alterations and we characterized the activation mechanism of the IL-6/JAK/STAT pathway in IHCA. The functional consequences of the different mutants on the STAT3 pathway were analyzed by modeling their expression in hepatocellular cell lines. In addition, we performed integrated genomic studies (CGH-SNP analysis, methylome and exome sequencing) on a wide range of 250 HCA with the aim to refine the molecular classification of HCA, to identify new genes altered in these tumors and to elucidate the mechanisms of malignant transformation of HCA to HCC.In the group of the IHCA, we identified many oncogenes activated by somatic mutation; in addition, three of these genes were never been described as mutated in human tumors. We identified activating mutations in the IL-6 receptor gp130 in 60% of IHCA. We also found mutations in FRK, a src-like kinase, in 10% of IHCA, of the transcription factor STAT3 in 5% of IHCA, of the GNAS gene in 5% of cases, and of the tyrosine kinase JAK1 in 1% of the cases. All identified mutations were somatic and monoallelic and were mutually exclusive. We have shown in hepatocellular cell lines that the expression of mutated forms of these genes is able to activate the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in the absence of the IL-6 ligand, in contrast to wild-type proteins. We have identified pharmacological inhibitors that specifically inhibit the mutants and that could be used for the clinical treatment of IHCA.Using a CGH-SNP technique, we identified recurrent chromosomes gains and losses associated with the HCA molecular groups. Similarly, the study of methylation in HCA highlighted a specific pattern in each subgroup. We showed that chromosomal instability increases gradually in borderline lesions and in HCC developed on HCA compared to classical HCA. Exome sequencing of 5 malignant transformation of HCA to HCC identified a large number of mutations in the transformed HCA compared to classical HCA; and this number is significantly increased in HCC tumors counterpart. Comparison of benign and malignant tumors highlighted the activation of ß-catenin as an early event in the transformation process and revealed frequent somatic mutations in the promoter of the telomerase gene (TERT), identified mainly in the malignant part of tumors.In conclusion, this study has led to the identification of distinct mechanisms leading to the activation of STAT3 in IHCA, strengthening the role of the JAK-STAT3 pathway in benign hepatocellular tumorigenesis and the relationship between Src kinases and inflammation. This work helped to refine the molecular classification of HCA with tight correlations between genotype and phenotype, and led to advances in the identification of major genetic determinants involved in the process of malignant transformation

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Axelsson, Mikaela, et Emilia Vildhede. « "Ni ska inte tro att jag vet" : Tvåföderskors förväntningar inför kommande förlossning ». Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16239.

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Bakgrund: Det finns samband mellan den gravida kvinnans förväntningar inför förlossning och förlossningsupplevelsen. Trots tidigare förlossningserfarenhet tycks omföderskor förvånansvärt nog inte ha mer realistiska förväntningar inför förlossning än vad förstföderskor har. Syfte: Att synliggöra tvåföderskors förväntningar inför kommande förlossning. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med hermeneutisk textanalys inspirerad av Gadamer användes. Nio tvåföderskor i åldrarna 26-33 år intervjuades med hjälp av en halvstrukturerad intervjuguide. Resultat: De analyserade intervjutexterna mynnade ut i fyra huvudteman: Blandade känslor – förväntningar formas av första förlossningsupplevelsen, Partnern – en stöttepelare för vissa, Barnmorskan som vägledare genom förlossningen och ”Go with the flow” – förväntningar på kontroll under förlossning. I resultatet framgår att det finns en uppfattning hos kvinnorna om att den första förlossningsupplevelsen har stor inverkan på förväntningarna inför kommande förlossning, på gott och ont. Det finns en rädsla hos kvinnorna att det förväntas av dem att de på grund av sin tidigare förlossningserfarenhet redan ”kan”, vilket leder till oro. Konklusion: Tvåföderskorna har överlag positiva förväntningar inför sin kommande förlossning. Trots positiva förväntningar ges uttryck för en oro om att barnmorskan förväntar sig att de på grund av sin tidigare förlossningserfarenhet redan ”kan”. Tvåföderskor är således i behov av barnmorskans individuella och professionella stöd.
Background: There is a connection between the pregnant woman's expectations of childbirth and the actual childbirth experience. Aim: To illustrate multiparous women’s expectations of their forthcoming childbirth. Method: This study used a qualitative method with hermeneutic text analysis inspired by Gadamer. Nine multiparous women aged 26-33 years were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Results: Analysis of the interviews revealed four main themes: Mixed emotions – expectations are formed by the first childbirth experience, The partner – for some, an important source of support, The midwife as a guide through childbirth and “Go with the flow” - expectations of control during childbirth. Results showed that the women held the opinion that the first childbirth experience has a major impact on their expectations for future childbirth, both good and bad. There was a concern amongst the women that because of their previous childbirth experience, they would be expected to "know what to do". Conclusion: Women generally have positive expectations of childbirth. Given the concern of these multiparous women that they may be considered as experienced in childbirth, it is clear that the midwife should be prepared to offer professional support to multiparous women based on their individual needs.

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Holmberg, Anders, et Per-Erik Eriksson. « Decision Support System for Fault Isolation of JAS 39 Gripen : Development and Implementation ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7021.

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This thesis is a result of the increased requirements on availability and costs of the aircraft Jas 39 Gripen. The work has been to specify demands and to find methods suitable for development of a decision support system for the fault isolation of the aircraft. The work has also been to implement the chosen method. Two different methods are presented and a detailed comparison is performed with the demands as a starting point. The chosen method handle multiple faults in O(N2)-time where N is the number of components. The implementation shows how all demands are fulfilled and how new tests can be added during execution. Since the thesis covers the development of a prototype no practical evaluation with compare of manually isolation is done.

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Möller, Jan Henning [Verfasser]. « Kundenorientierung im Hotelfach : die Entwicklung und Validierung eines Situational Judgment Tests / Jan Henning Möller. [Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster] ». Münster : Verl.-Haus Monsenstein und Vannerdat, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010146254/34.

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Melander, Hanna. « Var ska jag börja ? : En konstnärlig undersökning kring utgångspunktens betydelse vid låtskrivande ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för musik och bild (MB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100844.

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Detta arbete handlar om min låtskrivandeprocess, och om hur den skiljer sig när jag skiftar min utgångspunkt mellan text, melodi + ackord och beat. Syftet med arbetet har varit att ta reda på vilken metod som fungerar bäst för mig när jag skriver låtar till mig själv som artist, för att kunna bli en mer effektiv och strukturerad låtskrivare i framtiden. Jag har skrivit totalt sex låtar. I två av låtarna har jag börjat med att skriva text, i två av låtarna har jag börjat med att skriva ackord och melodi, och i två av låtarna har jag börjat med att producera ett beat. Jag har fört loggbok under arbetets gång, och utifrån den sedan beskrivit processen och bedömt resultatet av låtarna. I en diskussion har jag sedan kommit fram till att den metod som fungerar bäst för mig är att börja med beat, eftersom jag då upplever att jag får som mest frihet och inspiration till att skriva låtens topline.

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Gunnmo, Elin. « ”Jag lärde mig att läsa när jag tittade på Fem myror är fler än fyra elefanter” : En undersökning om lärares användning av film i F-klass för att främja läs- och skrivutveckling ». Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45135.

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Bakgrund: I förskoleklassen ligger stort fokus på ett lustfyllt lärande där lek och skapande ges stort utrymme. Att kunna utveckla barns språk och förmåga till kommunikation genom att arbeta med och tolka olika typer av texter som kombinerar ord, bild och ljud är centralt i en förskoleklass. Det teoretiska ramverket för denna studie utgjordes av socialsemiotisk teori. Syfte och Metod: Syftet med studien var att undersöka lärares användning av film i förskoleklass. Centrala frågeställningar för undersökningen var: (1) Hur ofta använder lärare film i undervisningen?(2) Med vilket syfte används film i undervisningen?(3)Kan film i undervisningen främja läs- och skrivutveckling och i så fall hur? En enkätundersökning baserad på frågeställning (1) och (2) skickades med post till samtliga lärare i förskoleklass i en mindre kommun i Västra Götaland. Anonymitet garanterades via avidentifierade svarskuvert. Utifrån ett slumpvis urval av respondenter gjordes därefter en fördjupning med hjälp av fokusgruppintervju för att besvara frågeställning (3). Resultat Tolv av tretton lärare besvarade postenkäten. Majoriteten av lärarna uppgav att de använde film som ett pedagogiskt hjälpmedel så gott som varje dag. Informanterna i fokusgruppintervjun utgjorde en homogen grupp med avseende på yrkeserfarenhet och profession. Resultaten visade att film i undervisningen i de berörda skolorna regelbundet används som ett pedagogiskt hjälpmedel för att främja läsutvecklingen och i viss mån även skrivutvecklingen i förskoleklass. Film användes också som introduktion till, eller fördjupning av, ett nytt arbetsområde samt för att skapa en gemensam referensram till ett ämnesområde. Konklusion Resultaten från studien visar att film i undervisningen i de berörda skolorna används som ett pedagogiskt hjälpmedel så gott som varje dag, för att främja läsutvecklingen och i viss mån även skrivutvecklingen i förskoleklass. Film i undervisningen används dessutom med ett tydligt pedagogiskt syfte.
Introduction: The focus for preschool education is joyful teaching that prioritise play and creative work.In preschool education, the development of children’s language and their capacity to communicate utilizing various types of texts that combine words, pictures and sound is fundamental. A socio-semiotic theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. Objectives and Methods: The objective of this study was to analyse the usage of movie sequences by teachers in the preschool class. The core questions for this study were: (1) How often do teachers use a movie sequence in their teaching? (2) What is the objective of using movie sequences in education? (3) Can movie sequences promote the development of reading and writing skills and if so, how is this achieved? A questionnaire based on the first two core questions was sent by ordinary mail to all preschool class teachers in a smaller municipality in the western part of Sweden. Anonymity was warranted through the distribution of nonidentifiable prepaid response envelopes. A random selection was made among the respondents with an offer made to participate in a focus group interview with the objective to answer the third core question. Results Answered questionnaires were obtained from twelve of the thirteen invited teachers. A majority of the teachers stated that they used movie sequences as an educational tool on a daily basis. The informants who participated in the focus group interview constituted a homogeneous group with respect to their profession and length of work experience. The results showed that movie sequences were used on a regular basis in the concerned primary schools as an educational tool to promote the development of reading but to a lesser extent also to promote writing skills. Movie sequences were also used as an introduction to, or to achieve in-depth knowledge about, a new subject and to create a common frame of reference. Conclusion The results from this study showed that movie sequences in the concerned primary schools were used as an educational tool on a daily basis to promote the development of reading and writing skills in the preschool class. Movie sequences were also used with a specified educational objective.

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Ziegenbein, Lena, et Yvonne Schnell. « Jag frågar hellre två gånger än att testa själv ! : En studie på Hantverksprogrammet om motivation, läromedel och sociokulturell inlärning ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8479.

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I dagens skola handlar det om att kunna förmedla kunskaper som eleverna har nytta av i livet och i sitt valda yrke med omvärldens och branschens krav och förväntningar. Som yrkeslärare skapas mycket eget läromedel och syftet med rapporten är att ta reda på hur ett undervisningsmaterial kan se ut som genererar motivation och som integrerar ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. De begrepp som används i studien är sociokulturellt perspektiv, motivation och läromedel. En översiktlig förklaring av begreppen och en litteraturstudie som beskriver olika teoretiska utgångspunkter genomförs i bakgrunden. Metoder som har nyttjats har varit dels litteraturstudier och dels en kvantitativ enkätundersökning. Resultaten av vår undersökning visar på en kombination av elevernas svar och litteraturens olika teorier. Eleverna föredrar träning, mindre grupparbeten och traditionella prov, men vill gärna ha både teoretiska och praktiska presentationer av läraren. Det finns ett behov att variera undervisningen för att tillgodose elevernas behov, vilket också bör vara signifikant med ett läromedel som även bör stimulera sociokulturellt perspektiv. Motivation hos elever har olika innebörd i skolan och på fritiden. I skolan blir betyg en sporre och motivation förknippas med drivkraft och vilja, medan fritidens motivation associeras med glädje. Diskussioner utifrån våra resultat sker om hur ett kursupplägg eller ett läromedel ska kunna bli spännande och stimulerande för att hitta elevens motivation och drivkraft.
Today’s school is about being able to mediate knowledge that students will find useful in life and in their chosen occupation with the demands and expectations from both society and the branch. Since we are occupational teachers, many teaching aids are created by us, and the purpose of this project work is to find out how teaching aids can generate motivation and integrate a sociocultural perspective. The concepts used in this study are sociocultural perspective, motivation and teaching aids. An overall explanation of the concepts and a literature study which describes different theoretical starting points are implemented in the background. The methods used have been partly literature studies and partly a quantative survey study. The results of our study show a combination of students’ answers and different theories from literature. The pupils prefer training, less group work and traditional tests with a deeper meaning, but they would like to have both practical and theoretical presentations from their teachers. There is a need to vary the teaching methods in order to cater for all the students’ needs, which also should be significant for teaching aids that stimulate a sociocultural perspective. Motivation has a different meaning for the students in school and outside of school. In school, grades are an incentive and motivation is associated with drive force and willingness whereas in leisure time, motivation is associated to pleasure. Our results have generated a discussion as to how the course structure or teaching aids can be exciting and stimulating to encourage student motivation and drive force.

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Fröberg, Andreas. « Nu slipper jag fråga någon : En studie om hur man förklarar termer i en text utan att läsbarheten påverkas ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-16190.

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Ishockey är en av Sveriges populäraste sporter och engagerar många, både i och utanför rinken. Hockeyligan.se är Elitseriens officiella webbplats och erbjuder besökarna möjligheten att följa matcherna direkt från en dator via ett text flöde. I liveflödet förekommer många förkortningar som är svåra att förstå. Målet med denna studie är att hitta en lösning på hur man ska förklara dem utan att påverka läsbarheten negativt. Fokus ligger på den textuella biten och inte den grafiska och hur informationen presenteras. Genom att göra textanalyser och en omvärldsanalys hoppas jag få tillräckligt med kunskap för att tillsist kunna göra en gestaltning som uppnår mitt mål med arbetet. Det vill säga inkludera alla besökare. Förstudien bestod av en läsbarhetsanalys och en textanalys. Textanalysen visade att informationen som idag ges är relevant men att förkortningarna borde förklaras för att öka möjligheten att förstå innehållet, vilken min enkätundersökning bekräftar. Där svarade nämligen 77 procent att de ansåg att det finns ett allmänt behov av förklaringar av termerna. Resultatet blev en gestaltning där användaren använder sin datamus för att få fram förklaringarna av förkortningarna. Genom att dra musen över ordet så dyker förklaringen upp i en ruta, en så kallad tooltip, vilket ger läsaren möjligheten att själv välja om han/hon vill ta del av informationen eller inte. På så sätt har läsbarheten inte påverkats. När det gäller det textuella har studien givit mig följande resultat när det gäller hur man skriver förklarande texter för en tooltip på webben: Var kortfattad. Skriv det som krävs. Tänk på målgruppen.
Hockey is one of Sweden's most popular sports and involving many pepole, both on and off the rink. Hockeyligan.se is Elitseriens Official site and offers visitors the opportunity to follow the games directly from a computer via a text flow. In the live stream, there are many abbreviations that are difficult to understand. The objective of this study is to find a solution to how explain them without affecting the readability negatively. The focus is on the textual piece and not the graphics and how information is presented. By doing textual analysis and an environmental scanning I hope to get enough knowledge to finally be able to make a design that achieves my goal of the study. That is to include all visitors. The pilot study consisted of a readability analysis and a text analysis. The text analysis showed that the information currently provided is relevant but that the abbreviations should be explained in order to increase the ability to understand the content. Which my survey also confirms. They flew namely 77 percent said they felt that there is a general need for explanations of the terms. The result was a design where the user uses his computer mouse to get the explanations of the abbreviations. By dragging the mouse over the word to bring up the explanation into a box called a tooltip, which does not affect readability. Briefly, we can say that the results of the study gives the reader the opportunity to decide if he / she wants to share the information or not. In this way, a box called a tooltip, it will not affect the readability As for the textual study has given me the following results in terms of how to write explanatory texts for a tooltip on the Web: Be brief. Write it as required. Think of your audience.

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47

Freudenstein, Jan-Philipp [Verfasser]. « Underlying Psychological Processes of Situational Judgment Tests : Towards a Theory-Driven Integration of Person-Situation Interactions / Jan-Philipp Freudenstein ». Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218076046/34.

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Martens, Tove, et Jonatan Svennered. « Jag bara lärde mig ! : En studie om typografi i läromedel för läsinlärning ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-7183.

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We studied the initial process of reading, with a focus on typography, whether it is possible to increase childrens lust to read in the age six to seven years old, by adjusting the typography and graphic design. We conduct this study through qualitative and quantitative studies, mainly interviews with a main focus on children in this particular age were used. In addition to the interviews a questioniare were sent out to a selection of students. The study also contained an interview with a pedagogue as well as studies of the current and existing textbooks and teaching aids that is used on the school we are looking into. During the study we consulted educated pedagogues to get an understanding of the children and their learning and to be able to approach them in a suitable way. The theories we have been using were mainly from a typographic point of view. Other areas we explored were theories about reading processes. This study showed that every child needs a method that is suitable for them and that the material provided today is typographically inconsistent. The childrens and teachers needs and wishes in typography did not correspond with the current teaching aids design. From this study the followning points were made about how to design a textbook for children in the first grade: • The typeface should be a sans serif. • The point size should be bigger than 12 points. • Text should be aligned to the left. • Sentences should be short without becoming abstract. • To maintain focus on the text the layout should be simple and unbarked. • The format should be designed after the pourpose of the publication, for example when it is a complement to the textbook, the format should be of such character that it is easy for the children to bring home. • There should be a typographical consistency through all of the materials provided to the children.

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Herrmann, Lisa [Verfasser], Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Tipold, Elisabeth Akademischer Betreuer] Schaper, Jan P. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ehlers, Andrea [Gutachter] Tipold et Nicole de [Gutachter] Buhr. « Untersuchungen zum Progress Test Tiermedizin an der Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover / Lisa Herrmann ; Gutachter : Andrea Tipold, Nicole de Buhr ; Andrea Tipold, Elisabeth Schaper, Jan P. Ehlers ». Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237684684/34.

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Hallin, Ekesand Samuel. « Hur långt är jag beredd att gå för att min text ska få läsning ? : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om svensk sportjournalistik ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184891.

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The title of the study is: How long am I prepared to go for my text to get some readers? A qualitative interview-based study about Swedish sports journalism. The aim of this study is to figure out what underlying factors which affects the journalisms news values and selection on news based on which sports that get editorial space. The paper approaches the subject with a specific viewpoint from the sport floorball, which is the largest indoor-sport in Sweden. Though it’s relative size, the sport seems to have an issue: it does not reach out. It gets a lot less coverage and media attention compared with other similar sports, such as ice hockey for example. The development of the sport has been discussed through the years, and a part of that has been an less flattering image as a hobby, not a sport. A part of the discussion has also circulated around the argument that the sport doesn´t get the media coverage it needs. Some essays have been written on the subjects on journalism and media from the point of news value although very little has been done with a combined view on sports, which is why I argue that there is a gap in the research field which this study will partly fill. This work looks at what the sports media in Sweden are focusing on in terms of coverage and what the sport floorball can do to get more coverage. Since the 2020/21 season, the Swedish newspaper SportExpressen streams every game in the top league for both women and men. The theoretical framework in this study is based on the theory of gate-keeping and the commercialization of the media industry which has been put forward by Stromback and Jonsson. The chosen method of the work is a qualitative interview study which consists of an semi-structured interview with four news editors on four Swedish news papers. The results of the study shows that the news editors believe that floorball get as much coverage as they deserve. There are several factors that affect contemporary sports journalism. One reason is that today´s journalism is well driven by digital metrics. This development in news values and news selection seems to derive from the technological development in the profession, as well as the commercialization.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Jar test »

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