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AKAMATSU, NOBUHIKO. « A similarity in word-recognition procedures among second language readers with different first language backgrounds ». Applied Psycholinguistics 23, no 1 (mars 2002) : 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716402000061.
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This study investigated word recognition among fluent readers of English as a second language (ESL). Specifically, the study examined whether ESL readers' first language (L1) affects the procedures underlying second language word recognition, with respect to the effects of word frequency and regularity on word recognition. The results revealed a similarity in word-recognition procedures between fluent ESL readers with various L1 backgrounds (i.e., Chinese, Japanese, and Persian). In processing high-frequency words, all the ESL groups recognized exception words as quickly as regular words; low-frequency exception words, on the contrary, took longer to recognize than low-frequency regular words.
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Allen, David. « The prevalence and frequency of Japanese-English cognates : Recommendations for future research in applied linguistics ». International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 57, no 3 (25 septembre 2019) : 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral-2017-0028.
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Abstract Research has demonstrated that cognates are processed and acquired more readily than noncognates regardless of whether the languages share a common script or etymological background (e. g., Japanese and English). Very little research, however, has focused on the prevalence and frequency of cognates in orthographically distinct languages. Using Japanese word frequency data, the present study demonstrates that between 49 % and 22 % of the most common 10000 words in English are cognate in Japanese, depending on the frequency threshold used. The analysis is extended to the Academic Word List (Coxhead 2000), which is shown to be between 59 % and 30 % cognate. Finally, a lexical familiarity study revealed that Japanese cognate frequency was a reliable indicator of whether the word was known to the majority of Japanese speakers. Based on the findings and drawing upon research in psycholinguistics, a number of recommendations are put forward for future studies in applied linguistics.
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Ejiri, Koichi, Niklaus Staeheli et Shiori Ooaku. « Word frequency distribution in Japanese text* ». Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 1, no 3 (janvier 1994) : 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09296179408590019.
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Allen, David. « Cognate frequency and assessment of second language lexical knowledge ». International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no 5 (22 juin 2018) : 1121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918781063.
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Few studies have investigated different-script cognate effects in language assessment contexts. This paper examines the impact of Japanese cognates in a test of English receptive lexical knowledge that is widely used for placement purposes in second language learning contexts. Specifically, the present paper utilizes Japanese cognate frequency to predict test accuracy. 1. Does Japanese cognate frequency influence response accuracy? 2. Does the effect vary by English word frequency and/or lexical proficiency? Design/methodology/approach: Seventy Japanese-English bilinguals completed the multiple-choice English VLT. Data and analysis: Accuracy data for 150 target items and 150 distractor items were analysed separately (10,500 data points in each analysis). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used with Japanese cognate frequency as the primary predictor and English word frequency and lexical proficiency as covariates. Findings/conclusions: A strong facilitatory cognate frequency effect was observed on both the selection of targets and the rejection of distractor items. This effect was marginally greater for lower proficiency learners. The English word frequency effect was also greater for lower proficiency test takers in the distractor analysis. Originality: The paper is the first to utilize cognate frequency to estimate the cognate effect in different-script languages in language testing. Significance/implications: The study provides robust evidence for the Japanese-English cognate effect in a test of lexical knowledge. This finding is broadly in line with the predictions of the bilingual interactive activation plus model of bilingual lexical processing. In addition, the paper demonstrates that the proportion of Japanese cognates in the test is significantly greater than the proportion of cognates in the language in general, indicating that it may over-estimate Japanese learners’ knowledge of English lexis. Test designers and users are thus recommended to be aware of the impact of cognates when making inferences about language ability based on such tests of lexical knowledge.
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MIWA, KOJI, TON DIJKSTRA, PATRICK BOLGER et R. HARALD BAAYEN. « Reading English with Japanese in mind : Effects of frequency, phonology, and meaning in different-script bilinguals ». Bilingualism : Language and Cognition 17, no 3 (20 novembre 2013) : 445–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000576.
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Previous priming studies suggest that, even for bilinguals of languages with different scripts, non-selective lexical activation arises. This lexical decision eye-tracking study examined contributions of frequency, phonology, and meaning of L1 Japanese words on L2 English word lexical decision processes, using mixed-effects regression modeling. The response times and eye fixation durations of late bilinguals were co-determined by L1 Japanese word frequency and cross-language phonological and semantic similarities, but not by a dichotomous factor encoding cognate status. These effects were not observed for native monolingual readers and were confirmed to be genuine bilingual effects. The results are discussed based on the Bilingual Interactive Activation model (BIA+, Dijkstra & Van Heuven, 2002) under the straightforward assumption that English letter units do not project onto Japanese word units.
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Yamada, Jun, et Yuriko Kayamoto. « Valency, secondary frequency, and lexical access : A Japanese study ». Applied Psycholinguistics 19, no 1 (janvier 1998) : 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400010596.
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AbstractThis study examines the effect of valency (defined as the associative value that represents the number of two-kanji words containing in first or second position the first-positional kanji of the word) on the recognition of two-kanji words in Japanese. Lexical decisions were 24 ms faster for words in the high-valency condition than in the low-valency condition, but were 26 ms slower for nonwords in the high-valency condition than in the low-valency condition. While these results suggested a significant interaction between valency and wordness, a regression analysis indicated that the frequency and valency of the first constituent kanji are significant factors for word recognition, and that the frequency of the first constituent kanji is a significant factor for nonword recognition. The secondary-frequency effect hypothesis is put forth to explain the effects of valency and other variables on lexical decision time.
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Li, Wenchao. « Morphosyntactic Complexity in Old Japanese ». European Journal of Statistics and Probability 10, no 2 (15 février 2022) : 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejsp.2013/vol10n21428.
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Old Japanese (592–794 AD) had a uniquely complex writing system: variant Chinese; classical Chinese; man'yōgana; senmyoo gaki. This study takes a mathematical linguistic approach, employing word length and dependency distance as metrics of the lexical and syntactic complexity of Old Japanese. We find that the distribution of Japanese dependency directions is balanced, indicating that Japanese is neither a strongly head-initial nor strongly head-final language. Neither an advcl relation nor a cc relation are detected, suggesting that syntactic structure in Old Japanese is simpler than Modern Japanese. Among all the dependency relations, 46.3 per cent were of an adjacent relationship, rendered by case, mark, and det (with DD = 1), while nsubj, advmod, obl, and acl were long-distanced and presented a diverse range, with nsubj, for example, ranging from 1 to 29. Mean dependency distance and frequency fit a power law function (y = axb) well. Among texts, Senmyōgaki bears a relatively short mean word length, while Kojiki presents the longest word length. The mean word length-frequency distributions of Bussokusekika and Fudoki fit the Cohen-binomial model and Senmyō fits the Palm-Poisson model. The distribution of mean word length and their frequencies supports Zipf’s (1949) principle of least effort: shorter words tend to be more frequently used
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Stubbe, Raymond, et Kosuke Nakashima. « Examining Katakana Synform Errors Made by Japanese University Students ». Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 9, no 1 (2020) : 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v09.1.stubbe.nakashima.
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Laufer (1988) introduced the concept of synform errors, where second language (L2) learners confuse a word for a different but similar looking or sounding L2 word. Stubbe and Cochrane (2016) reported that of 1,187 commonly repeated errors on a Japanese to English non-contextual translation test, 461 were synform errors (39%). This study introduces the concept of katakana consonant pairing synform errors, where Japanese learners of English can confuse one English word for another because some English consonants have no Japanese equivalent, for example, l and v. Words containing these consonants can be transcribed into katakana using the closest Japanese consonant sound: r, b, respectively. This can result in katakana pairings (l-r, v-b), which may lead to confusion for the Japanese learners. “Vest” may be interpreted as “best,” for instance. In the present study, English students at one Japanese university (N = 235) were given a Japanese to English non-contextual translation test containing the lower frequency member of 30 such katakana pairs (“vest” being a much less frequent word than its pair “best,” for instance). Thirty words not having a katakana partner (e.g., shade) from the same JACET8000 frequency levels were also tested. The study results suggest that katakana consonant pairing synform errors are problematic for these Japanese university students. Implications for the classroom and vocabulary assessment are presented.
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Rzhevska, Dariia. « ARBITRARINESS OF SOUND SYMBOLYSM IN ENGLISH AND JAPANESE ». Odessa Linguistic Journal, no 12 (2018) : 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/2312-3192/12/13.
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The article determines that the form of a word bears an arbitrary relation to its meaning accounts only partly for the attested relations between form and meaning in the world’s languages. A long history of research has considered the role of iconicity in language and the existence and role of non-arbitrary properties in language and the use of language. Recent research in English and Japanese suggests a more textured view of vocabulary structure, in which arbitrariness is complemented by iconicity (aspects of form resemble aspects of meaning) and systematicity (statistical regularities in forms predict function). Sound symbolism is the systematic and non-arbitrary link between word and meaning. Although a number of behavioral studies demonstrate that both children and adults are universally sensitive to sound symbolism in mimetic words, the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not yet been extensively investigated. Experimental evidence suggests these form to meaning correspondences serve different functions in language processing, development and communication: systematicity facilities category learning by means of phonological cues, iconicity facilitates word learning and communication by means of perceptuomotor analogies, and arbitrariness facilitates meaning individuation through distinctive forms. For one, there can be external reasons why a particular form would go with a given meaning, such as sound symbolism. Also, there are systematicities in English, as well as, in Japanese, where words with similar forms are more likely than chance to have similar meanings. The article also relates to a comparative methods used to test what it is that leads phonæsthemes to be mentally represented, measuring effects of frequency, cue validity, and sound symbolism.
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Allen, David. « A Procedure for Determining Japanese Loanword Status for English Words ». Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 9, no 1 (2020) : 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v09.1.allen.b.
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Japanese loanwords are mainly derived from English. These loanwords provide a considerable first-language (L1) resource that may assist in second-language (L2) vocabulary learning and instruction. However, given the huge number of loanwords, it is often difficult to determine whether an English word has a loanword equivalent and whether the loanword is likely to be widely known among the Japanese. This article demonstrates an efficient method of answering these two questions. The method employs corpus frequency data from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, from which the existence and frequency of loanwords in Japanese can be determined. Following the guidelines presented herein, researchers will be able to use data from the corpus themselves to check cognate frequency, thereby determining the cognate status of items used in research.
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AGUADO-OREA, Javier, Hannah WITHERSTONE, Lisa BOURGEOIS et Ana BASELGA. « Learning to construct sentences in Spanish : a replication of the Weird Word Order technique ». Journal of Child Language 46, no 6 (11 octobre 2019) : 1249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000448.
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AbstractIn the present study, children's early ability to organise words into sentences was investigated using the Weird Word Order procedure with Spanish-speaking children. Spanish is a language that allows for more flexibility in the positions of subjects and objects, with respect to verbs, than other previously studied languages (English, French, and Japanese). As in prior studies (Abbot-Smith et al., 2001; Chang et al., 2009; Franck et al., 2011; Matthews et al., 2005, 2007), we manipulated the relative frequency of verbs in training sessions with two age groups (three- and four-year-old children). Results supported earlier findings with regard to frequency: children produced atypical word orders significantly more often with infrequent verbs than with frequent verbs. The findings from the present study support probabilistic learning models which allow higher levels of flexibility and, in turn, oppose hypotheses that defend early access to advanced grammatical knowledge.
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Higginbotham, G., I. Munby et J. Racine. « A Japanese Word Association Database of English ». Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 4, no 2 (2015) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v04.2.higginbotham.et.al.
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In this paper, two word association (WA) studies are presented in support of recent arguments against the use of native-speaker (NS) norms in WA research. In Study 1, first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) WA norms lists were developed and compared to learner responses as a means of measuring L2 proficiency. The results showed that L2 norms provided a more sensitive measure of L2 lexical development than did traditional NS norms. Study 2 was designed to test the utility of native norms databases in predicting the primary WA responses of Japanese learners to high-frequency English cues. With the exception of only extremely frequent cues, it was shown that native norms were not successful in predicting learner responses. The results of both studies are discussed in terms of cultural and linguistic differences, geographic distance, and dissimilarities in word knowledge between respondent populations. Finally, a proposal is made for the construction of a Japanese WA database of English responses (J-WADE). The methods by which it will be developed, key features, and employment in future research are outlined.
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Ishikawa, Yoshie, Ayano Otaki, Hiromu Okamura et Tomohiko Shirahata. « Measuring the English vocabulary acquisition of Japanese learners ». Studies in English Language and Education 11, no 1 (31 janvier 2024) : 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v11i1.30460.
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The measurable vocabulary knowledge of Japanese learners of English (JLEs) has yet to be fully investigated. This study, therefore, attempts a detailed investigation of JLEs’ vocabulary knowledge to clarify the relationship between the frequency of words and their difficulty level and to identify the factors that affect the difficulty of vocabulary learning. We tested 192 university-level JLEs on 1,035 verbs, requesting that they choose a correct Japanese translation. The average number of correct answers for each verb was compared with its frequency ranking. Moreover, the characteristics of verbs that received high and low percentages of correct answers were examined. The three major findings were as follows. First, the average number of correct answers was 751.97 (72.65% of the verbs investigated). Second, the average number of correct answers decreased as the frequency of the verb decreased. However, this tendency diminished beyond the 4,000-word level. Finally, not a few low-frequency verbs garnered a high percentage of correct answers; these were verbs that included affixes or were English loanwords that were possibly known to JLEs. However, other low-frequency verbs received a low percentage of correct answers because they had abstract or multiple meanings and lacked clues that could facilitate an understanding of the word’s meaning. We concluded that these were the main factors affecting the degree of difficulty in learning each vocabulary item. Regarding this study’s pedagogical implications, efficient use should be made of English-based loanwords and affixes, and university-level JLEs should intentionally learn low-frequency words.
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ANDO, ERIKO, KAZUNAGA MATSUKI, HEATHER SHERIDAN et DEBRA JARED. « The locus of Katakana–English masked phonological priming effects ». Bilingualism : Language and Cognition 18, no 1 (27 mars 2014) : 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728914000121.
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Japanese–English bilinguals completed a masked phonological priming study with Japanese Katakana primes and English targets. Event related potential (ERP) data were collected in addition to lexical decision responses. A cross-script phonological priming effect was observed in both measures, and the effect did not interact with frequency. In the ERP data, the phonological priming effect was evident before the frequency effect. These data, along with analyses of response latency distributions, provide evidence that the cross-script phonological priming effects were the consequence of the activation of sublexical phonological representations in a store shared by both Japanese and English. This activation fed back to sublexical and lexical orthographic representations, influencing lexical decision latencies. The implications for the Bilingual Interactive Activation (BIA+) model of word recognition are discussed.
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Saji, Noburo, Chunzi Hong et Chong Wang. « Learning semantic categories of L2 verbs : The case of cutting and breaking verbs ». PLOS ONE 19, no 1 (19 janvier 2024) : e0296628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296628.
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To attain native-like proficiency in second-language word usage, learners have to discover intricate semantic categories in the target language. We investigated the factors influencing the development of two aspects of second-language learners’ semantic categories: the category center and category boundary of word meanings. In the experiment, second-language learners of Japanese, whose first language is Mandarin, were asked to produce the best verb for 28 videos depicting various cutting and breaking events. Descriptive analyses were conducted to compare the verb patterns used by second-language learners with those of native speakers. The second-language learners’ verb use pattern suggested their struggle in delineating the semantic ranges of breaking verbs in a native-like manner. Model analyses further revealed that different factors contribute to learning two different aspects of word meanings. The learning category center of word meaning depended on the similarity between the lexical domains in the first and second languages. On the contrary, the success of learning the semantic boundaries of verbs required a large input frequency and smaller semantic coverage, and smaller category ambiguity. The results suggest that constructing a semantic domain in the second language should be evaluated from at least two different aspects of semantic representation.
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Sasao, Yosuke, et Stuart Webb. « The Word Part Levels Test ». Language Teaching Research 21, no 1 (2 août 2016) : 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168815586083.
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Knowledge of English affixes plays a significant role in increasing knowledge of words. However, few attempts have been made to create a valid and reliable measure of affix knowledge. The Word Part Levels Test (WPLT) was developed to measure three aspects of affix knowledge: form (recognition of written affix forms), meaning (knowledge of affix meanings), and use (knowledge of the syntactic properties of affixes). A total of 118 derivative affixes were selected based on frequency data from the British National Corpus. First, data was collected from 417 Japanese university students to revise poorly working items using Rasch analysis. Second, the responses of 1,348 people representing more than 30 different native languages were analysed to determine the affix difficulty levels. A description of the test, justification for its design, and practical implications are provided.
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Racine, John. « Cognitive Processes in Second Language Word Association ». JALT Journal 30, no 1 (1 mai 2008) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj30.1-1.
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This study utilizes a word association (WA) paradigm to infer similarities and differences between processes used to access the mental lexicons of native speakers (NS) and Japanese nonnative speakers of English (NNS). Three hypotheses were examined: a) grammatical word stimuli will elicit proportionately fewer paradigmatic responses than will content words; b) The proportion of phonologically-related responses will increase when stimuli are presented aurally rather than in written format;and c) NNS responses to infrequent words will not differ from responses to common words if a loan word equivalent exists in their first language (L1). Generally speaking, results concurred with established findings. Where results failed to validate the hypotheses, cognitive models are outlined to account for the data. In particular, a process model involving access to explicit knowledge of grammar rules is presented to account for the fact that NNS were less likely to respond to grammatical word stimuli with syntagmatic responses than were NS (χ2 = 15.22, p < .001, df = 1). Also, during aural presentation, only NNS responses, not NS responses, displayed more phonological similarities to their stimuli, suggesting the NNS rely on phonological cues in the absence of semantic knowledge. Similarly, NNS produced fewer semantic associates to low-frequency nouns with loan word equivalents than they did to commonly occurring nouns (χ2 = 3.89, p < .05, df = 1). In fact, NNS produced marginally more semantic responses to low-frequency nouns without loan word equivalents at all. A model postulating competition between cognitive processes that precipitate semantic responses and those instigated by the salience of phonological similarities between the stimuli and their loan word equivalents is proposed. 本研究は言語連想法を使い、英語の母語話者と非母語話者（日本語を母語とする英語学習者）のメンタル・レクシコンへのアクセスの過程の類似点と相違点を検証したものである。単語を被験者に提示し、それに対して返された連想語を文法、意味、音声の観点から分析した。総じて従来行われてきた調査結果とほぼ同様の結果が得られたが、中には異なる結果もあった。これまでとの相違点については、認知モデルに基づいて再解釈した。
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Oeinada, I. Gede. « Five Japanese Synonymous Verbs GO ». e-Journal of Linguistics 15, no 1 (18 décembre 2020) : 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.2021.v15.i01.p07.
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The proper use of synonymous words is a problem that is often faced by foreign language learners. Native speakers of a language often experience difficulties when asked to explain the differences in synonymous words. They use their linguistic instincts to differentiate the use of these words, or what in Japanese is called kan ?. This paper raises the synonym of the verb 'go' which in Japanese has five words, namely omomuku ??, irassharu ??????, mairu ??, kaeru ??, and iku ??. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive method. Synonyms of these verbs will be observed based on the frequency of their use in writing and oral languages ??in two Japanese corpora. In addition, the meaning components of these verbs are mapped to see the range of use of each of the verbs. Based on observations on the frequency of use, it is known that these five verbs have differences in the variety of languages ??used, namely: omomuku have the lowest frequency of use in both written and spoken registers. Meanwhile, based on observations on the mapping of meaning components, the five 'go' verbs also show differences, namely: iku is the verb with the most meaning components. Thus, it can be concluded that these five synonymous verbs 'go' cannot completely replace each other. There are some usage limitations in the presence of each of these verbs.
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Nakamura, Hiroko, et Bettina Begole. « Effects of L1 and L2 Communication Apprehension on Speaking Skills of Japanese University Students ». English Language Teaching 16, no 5 (17 avril 2023) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v16n5p1.
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This study explores the effect of communication apprehension in both L1 and L2 on proficiency in word stress of Japanese university students. Two structured, closed-ended questionnaires, the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA) and the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) were utilized along with speaking scores. A target word in an exclamatory sentence was used to examine word stress that affects intelligibility in spoken English. Acoustic correlates of the differences between stressed and unstressed syllables were investigated with four acoustic parameters: fundamental frequency (fo) range, fo slope, duration, and intensity. Results showed that of the four parameters, word stress represented by fo range and fo slope showed a significant negative correlation with L1 communication apprehension. In addition, speaking scores were related to L1 communication apprehension and word stress proficiency represented by fo range. These findings also suggest the effect of communication apprehension on English prosody as demonstrated by fo. In addition, speaking scores were related to L1 communication apprehenison and proficiency in word stress represented by fo range. These findings suggest the effect of communication apprehension on English speaking skills.
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Uehara, Suwako, Hibiya Haraki et Stuart McLean. « Developing a Discipline-Specific Corpus and High-Frequency Word List for Science and Engineering Students in Graduate School ». Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 11, no 2 (31 décembre 2022) : 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v11.2.uehara.
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Japanese graduate school students in the field of science and engineering need to read academic research in their second language (L2), and such tasks can be challenging. Studies showed a strong (0.78) correlation between vocabulary size and reading comprehension (McLean et al., 2020), and providing high-frequency word lists could enhance comprehension. In this work-in-progress, 1.35 million tokens of professor-recommended reading materials were used to investigate a method to create a vocabulary list that would benefit science majors in graduate school; the procedures to create a corpus and a high-frequency word list efficiently; and the steps required to create a cleaner corpus. This paper outlines a systematic literature-informed method that includes input from professors in the field; the combined use of tailored script in MATLAB and AntCont (Anthony, 2022) generated corpus and high-frequency words efficiently; and repeated comparison of original PDFs and the matching text files, then adding MATLAB script to deal with specific issues created by a cleaner text. This proposed method can be applied in other contexts to enhance the generation of high-frequency word lists
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Yamamoto, Mikio, et Kenneth W. Church. « Using Suffix Arrays to Compute Term Frequency and Document Frequency for All Substrings in a Corpus ». Computational Linguistics 27, no 1 (mars 2001) : 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120101300346787.
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Bigrams and trigrams are commonly used in statistical natural language processing; this paper will describe techniques for working with much longer n-grams. Suffix arrays (Manber and Myers 1990) were first introduced to compute the frequency and location of a substring (n-gram) in a sequence (corpus) of length N. To compute frequencies over all N(N+1)/2 substrings in a corpus, the substrings are grouped into a manageable number of equivalence classes. In this way, a prohibitive computation over substrings is reduced to a manageable computation over classes. This paper presents both the algorithms and the code that were used to compute term frequency (tf) and document frequency (df) for all n-grams in two large corpora, an English corpus of 50 million words of Wall Street Journal and a Japanese corpus of 216 million characters of Mainichi Shimbun. The second half of the paper uses these frequencies to find “interesting” substrings. Lexicographers have been interested in n-grams with high mutual information (MI) where the joint term frequency is higher than what would be expected by chance, assuming that the parts of the n-gram combine independently. Residual inverse document frequency (RIDF) compares document frequency to another model of chance where terms with a particular term frequency are distributed randomly throughout the collection. MI tends to pick out phrases with noncompositional semantics (which often violate the independence assumption) whereas RIDF tends to highlight technical terminology, names, and good keywords for information retrieval (which tend to exhibit nonrandom distributions over documents). The combination of both MI and RIDF is better than either by itself in a Japanese word extraction task.
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Patterson, Allie. « Predicting second language listening functor comprehension probability with usage-based and embodiment approaches ». International Journal of Bilingualism 25, no 3 (15 mars 2021) : 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13670069211000851.
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Aims and Objectives: Embodiment is a major paradigm of first language (L1) research but has not yet been widely adopted in second language (L2) research. The main objective of this research was to find evidence for the effects of sensorimotor embodiment on L2 listening functor comprehension rates. Research Hypothesis: Frequency, word length, and Minkowski3 sensorimotor norms are significantly predictive of functor comprehension probability in an L2 listening task. Methodology: 129 Japanese participants were administered a paused transcription test that contained twelve target phrases. Data and analysis: Transcription of functors was the dependent variable. The independent variables were frequency, word length, and Minkowski3 sensorimotor ratings. These variables were analyzed with logit mixed-effects regressions. Findings/conclusions: Greater frequency, longer word length, and higher Minkowski3 ratings were found to facilitate comprehension and significantly increase the probability that a functor was transcribed. Frequency rates derived from spontaneous L1 oration and conversations were found to be significant, whereas frequency derived from written texts was not significant despite being from a much larger corpus. Originality: No L2 study has used Minkowski3 sensorimotor ratings to predict L2 performance. Minkowski3 ratings quantify the relationship between language and the body. Few researchers have yet to incorporate embodiment theories into models of L2 comprehension. Implications: Embodiment theories complement usage-based approaches and should be incorporated into existing L2 theories. Researchers should be aware of textual differences between corpora and choose corpora appropriate for their analyses.
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Ota, Mitsuhiko. « Input Frequency and Word Truncation in Child Japanese : Structural and Lexical Effects ». Language and Speech 49, no 2 (juin 2006) : 261–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00238309060490020601.
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Nakata, Tatsuya. « DOES REPEATED PRACTICE MAKE PERFECT ? THE EFFECTS OF WITHIN-SESSION REPEATED RETRIEVAL ON SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY LEARNING ». Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39, no 4 (22 août 2016) : 653–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263116000280.
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Although research shows that repetition increases second language vocabulary learning, only several studies have examined the long-term effects of increasing retrieval frequency in one learning session. With this in mind, the present study examined the effects of within-session repeated retrieval on vocabulary learning. The study is original in that it (a) gave posttests after a delay greater than 2 weeks, (b) employed a paired-associate format to exert strict control over the treatment, (c) considered time-on-task as a factor, and (d) used the same target items for different frequency levels. In this study, 98 Japanese learners studied 16 English-Japanese word pairs using one of the following four retrieval frequency levels: one, three, five, or seven. Results showed that five and seven retrievals contributed to significantly higher scores than one and three retrievals regardless of the posttest timing. When time-on-task was controlled, however, one retrieval led to the largest gain.
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Sakaba, Hiroko, et Takeshi Okada. « Usage Patterns and Meanings of High-Frequency English Verbs : A Multi-Word Expression Approach to Japanese High School EFL Textbook Analysis ». International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no 4 (31 juillet 2021) : 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.4p.116.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article aims to classify the overall uses of high-frequency English verbs in a novel methodology from both a pattern and meaning perspective, which has not be done in previous studies, with special reference to TAKE and MAKE. In the pattern-based analysis, all occurrences of these two verbs were collected from Japanese EFL textbook corpus, and the usage patterns of the extracted two target verbs were categorized into three major multi-word expression types: phrasal verbs, grammatical collocations, and lexical collocations. To further investigate the patterns of uses, some multi-word units consisting of three to seven words were identified as either semi-fixed expressions or fixed expressions. After the pattern-based classification, all the multi-word expressions identified were analyzed from a semantic perspective. This analysis revealed the new finding that all uses of TAKE (352) and MAKE (374) obtained from the corpus could be successfully classified into the three major multi-word expression categories. With respect to the pattern, the proportion of major multi-word expression categories showed similar results; lexical collocations were the most frequent, and phrasal verbs were the least frequent in both target verbs’ usage. In terms of meanings, the uses of TAKE were classified in a larger number of semantic categories (42) than MAKE (25). The obtained results have an implication that the novel methodology employed in this study is a valid way to the further investigation of the usage of high-frequency English verbs.
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IZOTOV, ANDREY I., et OLGA I. CHERCHUK. « JA PANESE LOANWORDS IN THE CZECH NATIONAL CORPUS ». Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no 2, 2023 (1 mai 2023) : 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2023-47-2-7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article discusses some aspects of the functioning of Czech nouns of Japanese origin. Both lexical Japanisms named in the New Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Czech Language (2016) and nouns included in the Neomat electronic database in 2019, 2020 and 2021 are considered. The data of the Czech written and spoken corpora, which are constituents of the Czech National Corpus project, are used. The absolute and relative frequency of use of a particular lexeme, as well as its ARF (= Average Reduced Frequency) was determined with the help of the 4.9 billion-strong corpus of modern written Czech texts SYNv9. The WaG (= Word at a Glance) program developed within the framework of the Czech National Corpus project to determine the regional, gender, age and educational characteristics of Czech speakers using a particular lexeme was used. Russian correspondences to the Czech words of Japanese origin under consideration were given for purely auxiliary purposes, so that the principles of their graphic design were not discussed.
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Nomura, Jun, et Keiichi Ishikawa. « Effects of first language processes and representations on second language perception : The case of vowel epenthesis by Japanese speakers ». International Journal of Bilingualism 22, no 1 (23 juin 2016) : 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006916654997.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Japanese speakers are known to perceive “illusory vowels” within consonant clusters illicit in their language. The present study examines how this perceptual vowel epenthesis is affected by first language (L1) processes (restoration of vowels devoiced through Japanese high vowel devoicing), L1 representations (loanword representations in Japanese speakers’ lexicons), and proficiency in English. Design/methodology/approach: The participants judged the presence or absence of a mora (e.g., ム /mu/) in an auditorily presented English word (e.g., homesick). The 40 test items contained a heterosyllabic consonant cluster with four different voicing patterns to examine whether the vowel restoration process is related to vowel epenthesis. Twenty of the test items are frequently used as loanwords in Japanese, meaning that they are stored in the L1 lexicon with a vowel inserted inside the consonant cluster (e.g., /hoomusikku/). The other 20 are low-frequency items that are virtually nonwords for the non-native participants. Data and analysis: The vowel epenthesis rates and reaction times (RTs) were obtained from 14 introductory learners, 15 intermediate learners, and 19 native speakers. Findings/conclusions: The results show the main effects of Voice, Loanword Representation, and Proficiency, as well as the interaction among the three factors. Negative correlations between vowel epenthesis rates and RTs were also observed for the learners. The results indicate differential effects of vowel restoration and loanwords on perceptual epenthesis by learners of different proficiency levels. Originality: The present study was one of the first attempts to test the relation between proficiency and perceptual vowel epenthesis using real English words. Significance/implications: The findings demonstrate the robustness of L1 processes and representations in second language perception while substantiating the existing argument for early vowel epenthesis. They also raise questions regarding the effects of training and the role of native speaker input.
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KAJIKAWA, SACHIYO, SHIGEAKI AMANO et TADAHISA KONDO. « Speech overlap in Japanese mother–child conversations ». Journal of Child Language 31, no 1 (février 2004) : 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000903005968.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study aimed to clarify the development of conversational style in Japanese mother–child interactions. We focused on the frequency of speech overlap as an index of Japanese conversational style, with particular attention to ne, a particle produced by the speaker, and to backchannels, such as ‘uh-huh’, produced by the listener that support sympathetic conversation. The results of longitudinal observations of two Japanese mother–child dyads from approximately 0;11 to 3;3 suggest that an adultlike conversational style with frequent overlaps emerges in Japanese child-directed speech around the two-word utterance period, and a child's development of ne use is closely related to this shift.
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Zhang, Yang, Keita Tanaka et Toshiaki Imada. « Influences of talker gender on second language speech perception ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no 4 (avril 2022) : A263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011278.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examined how talker gender information may influence second language speech perception. The participants were ten right-handed male Japanese adults with normal hearing. The speech stimuli were two minimal pairs of English words, “heed-hod” and “head-had”, recorded from twenty male and twenty female native English speakers. The stimuli were delivered binaurally at a sensation level of 50 dB. In the gender recognition task, the subjects were asked to judge talker gender. In the vowel recognition task, they were asked to identify the vowel category. Magnetoencephalography data were recorded during the experiment. For gender recognition, there was no significant difference in identification accuracy between the two word pairs while reaction time was significantly faster for the difficult “head-had” pair. In the phoneme recognition task, there was a significant phoneme*gender interaction for the difficult “head-had” pair but not for the easy “heed-hod” pair. The MEG data for gender recognition showed right hemisphere dominance, and the phoneme recognition task showed overall bilateral activation. Time-frequency analysis further revealed distinctions between male and female voices and the difficulty differences for the two word pairs in the phoneme recognition task. The results suggest a complex role of paralinguistic gender information in L2 speech perception.
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Editors, ALA. « Foreword ». Acta Linguistica Asiatica 11, no 1 (30 janvier 2021) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.11.1.5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The winter issue of Volume 11 presents a selection of seven different research articles on Japanese, Tetun Dili, Sylheti Bangla, Pahari, and Saraiki language. The rise of the Covid-19 pandemic, of which continuation unfortunately still allows many to collect data for research, has prompted us to publish several other interesting studies. This compilation brings to the readers the following topics.
This issue opens with Saki AMANO’s paper “Polysemy of ‘Common Language’ and the Modern Japanese Nation: The Universalization of a ‘Standard Language’ to correct ‘Dialects’?”. The author examines the term futsūgo (common language) over two periods and explains the shift from the populace’s everyday commonplace language to a unified national language.
In the next paper “From Native-speaker Likeness to Self-representation in Language: Views from the Acquisition of Japanese Transitive and Intransitive Verbs”, ITO Hideaki considers the degree to which a language user’s own will is recognized in language education. The author demonstrates that the usage-centric acquisition process can create opportunities for language users to make expressive choices focused on what they wish to say.
The third article is Nastja PAHOR’s paper “Corpus analysis of the collocations of the transitive verbs owaru and oeru”, in which the author approaches the transitivity of Japanese verbs from the corpus perspective. Semantical analysis of collocations in combination with the morphological analysis of co-occurring verbs reveals some interesting findings.
After the first three papers that focus on Japanese, the fourth one brings some new insights into Tetun Dili. Andrei A. AVRAM in his paper “Contact-induced variation in Tetun Dili phonology” analyzes Portuguese influence on Tetun Dili phonology, and demonstrates that the intricacies of inter-speaker variation cannot be merely reduced to variation between more Portuguese-like phonology and a more Tetun-Dili-like one.
Arpita GOSWAMI’s paper “Marked Geminates as Evidence of Sonorants in Sylheti Bangla: An Optimality Account” analyzes the universal concept that sonorants are marked geminates in the gemination process of Sylheti Bangla, and proposes a hierarchy of the constraints for analyzing the gemination processes in SHB. Besides, the author illustrates some additional constraints found to be necessary.
The following article “Stop Voicing and F0 Perturbation in Pahari” presents the findings of Nazia RASHID, Abdul Qadir KHAN, Ayesha SOHAIL, and Bilal Ahmed ABBASI. The authors investigate the perturbation effect of the voicing of initial stops on the fundamental frequency of the following vowels in Pahari.
Last but not least, “Word Stress system of the Saraiki language” is an article by Firdos ATTA, who presents an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of Saraiki word stress. The author concludes that Saraiki has a trochaic stress system and falls in the category of quantity-sensitive languages. This paper also indicates further research work on word stress at the sentence level.
Editors and Editorial board wish the regular and new readers of the ALA journal a pleasant read full of inspiration, and a rise of new research ideas inspired by these papers.
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Li, Wenchao. « Lexical sophistication measures and writing proficiency : The case of Indonesian learners of Japanese ». International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Methods 9, no 2 (15 février 2022) : 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijirm.14/vol9n23749.
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The present study tests two measures of lexical sophistication in writing proficiency (moving-average morphological richness and moving-average mean size of paradigm for testing the lexical diversity) and mean word length for testing writing form (plain, humble, honorification). The findings suggest that the three metrics work reliably. Regarding lexical diversity, moving-average of morphological richness (MAMR) and moving-average mean size of paradigm (MAMSP) of Indonesian Japanese learners-written texts are close to native Japanese-written data. Lexical complexity measured by word length by Indonesian Japanese learners is characterised by slightly less richness than native Japanese data but remains very close. Word length-frequency relationship in the Indonesian-written data presents outstanding fitting results to nine models, including the Poisson Model families and Binomial Model families, with 0.9918 as the lowest and 0.9987 as the highest determination coefficient R2. It is hoped that this study’s outcome may help develop an automatic evaluation of the writing proficiency of agglutinative languages with diverse writing forms.
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Sulun, Gaowa. « Japanese Translation Based on Bilingual Bases from Intercultural Communication ». Mobile Information Systems 2022 (14 juin 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3737199.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Japanese, as a global language, can aid cultural exchanges and improve mutual understanding. When translating news, the translator should focus on the sentence from the standpoint of cross-cultural communication, so that the translation is more accurate and natural. Only the relationship between Japanese and Chinese can help translate more news reports, spread foreign information, and allow them to learn more about foreign events. This paper analyzes corpus using corpus means, fully exploiting the technical advantages of corpus in terms of words, vocabulary, text correspondence, semantic rhyme characteristics, and so on, breaking through traditional translation research with a large number of corpus statistics data. The frequency and richness of vocabulary selection are not as good as in the original text due to the language of language and translation language, but the numerical difference is not large, and the high-frequency vocabulary is essentially consistent, ensuring the core content of the original text. The original sentence will be resolved according to the text content in the sentence and discourse. The Chinese translation day’s original vocabulary is 358 times, and the table’s high-frequency modal words are 1274 times. As a result, the statement with the highest frequency “should” account for 33% of the high-frequency voices used. 332 Japanese original text, the highest frequency verb, a total of 247 times. Make the original text’s and translation’s language characteristics more convincing, as well as the translation and translation strategy selection.
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Ueno, Shotaro, et Osamu Takeuchi. « Which vocabulary learning strategies are important and useful for Japanese university students ? A text-mining approach ». Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 12, no 1 (31 décembre 2023) : 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29140/vli.v12n1.1213.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A growing body of vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) studies focuses on accumulating empirical evidence on the relationship between frequency of VLS use and vocabulary acquisition by using the frequency-based measures of VLSs. Our study by contrast, examined which VLSs are perceived as important and useful, and how they are employed by Japanese university students learning English as a foreign language (N = 40). Further, we investigated whether university students’ perceptions and use of strategies vary between higher- (n = 16) and lower-proficiency groups (n = 24). To this end, we used the KH Coder software and produced co-occurrence networks to categorize the words extracted from the results of an open-ended questionnaire. The results revealed that Japanese university students perceived cognitive strategies related to word form, sound, association learning, and metacognitive strategies as important and useful, and employed them frequently. Results from the two proficiency groups showed that while the higher-proficiency group perceived the importance of metacognitive strategies, these tendencies were not observed in the lower-proficiency group. Given the possibility that learners’ proficiency influences the use of VLSs in the vocabulary learning process, considerations and suggestions for future VLSs studies and teaching are discussed.
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Sato, Tsuyoshi. « Longitudinal Measurement of the Vocabulary Size of Japanese Junior High School Students : Developing a Vocabulary Size Test for Beginner Learners ». Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 10, no 1 (31 décembre 2021) : 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v10.1.sato.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As vocabulary plays an important part in L2 learning at the beginner level, investigation into vocabulary learning constitutes an essential part of second language acquisition research (Koda, 1989; Laufer, 1992; Meara, 1992). Assuming the case of Japanese, English education can provide a meaningful example. In addition, noting that precise measurements of the English vocabulary size of Japanese junior high school students have not been attained (Katagiri, 2000), the present study examines the growth of vocabulary size of Japanese junior high school students across their 3 years of English learning. For this purpose, a vocabulary size test (VST) was specially developed with a word list compiled from Japanese junior high school English textbooks based on the frequency and range of their vocabulary items (Sato, 2016). A total of 159 junior high school students participated in the research. The vocabulary size of the participants was measured five times over the period of 3 academic years at intervals of 6 months. Analysis of their vocabulary growth by frequency revealed a distinctive pattern for each level, yielding implications for more effective vocabulary teaching for learners at the beginner level in light of the characteristics of their vocabulary growth.
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Wahidati, Lufi, et Mery Kharismawati. « PENGARUH KONSUMSI ANIME DAN MANGA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BUDAYA DAN BAHASA JEPANG ». IZUMI 7, no 1 (19 avril 2018) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.7.1.1-10.
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(Title: The Effect of Anime and Manga Consumption on Japanese Language and Culture Learning) This research was conducted to look at how far anime and manga effect Japanese language learning among the students of the Japanese Program in the Vocational College of Universitas Gadjah Mada. The data were collected via a question form. The question form was distributed to 2nd year and 3rd year Japanese students in May 2017. The questions in the questionnaire include the Japanese language learning motivation, the level of interest in Japanese anime and manga, frequency of consuming anime/manga, as well as the effect on the Japanese language learning by consuming the products. From the data obtained, things can be concluded as follows: 1) most of the students stated that the first time they knew Japanese was through anime/manga; 2) watching anime can support students’ Japanese learning, especially for vocabulary enrichment, listening exercises, and understanding the context of the use of Japanese words or expressions; and 3) most of the students experienced a change of perceptions about Japanese language and culture after learning Japanese in the university. However, the language used in the anime contains stereotypical elements (known as role language or yakuwarigo) and therefore yakuwarigo and sociological context in Japanese should be introduced to the students.
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Pinchbeck, Geoffrey. « Validating the Construct of Readability in EFL Contexts : A Proposal for Criteria ». Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 8, no 1 (2019) : 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v08.1.pinchbeck.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article examines how English as a foreign language learners might be better matched to reading texts using automatic readability analysis. Specifically, I examine how the lexical decoding component of readability might be validated. In Japan, readability has been mostly determined by publishers or by professional reading organizations who only occasionally publish their lists of readability ratings for specific texts. Without transparent readability methods, candidate texts cannot be independently evaluated by practitioners. Moreover, the reliance on centralized organizations to curate from commercially available texts precludes the evaluation of the multitudes of free texts that are increasingly available on the Internet. Previous studies that have attempted to develop automatic readability formulas for Japanese learners have used surface textual features of texts, such as word and/or sentence length, and/or they have used word-frequency lists derived from large multi- register corpora. In this article, I draw upon on the findings of a study that examines how such word-lists might be validated for use in matching Japanese learners to texts (Pinchbeck, manuscript in preparation). Finally, I propose a list of general criteria that might be used to evaluate the components of readability formulas in general.
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Kemavuthanon, Kemachart, et Osamu Uchida. « Integrated Question-Answering System for Natural Disaster Domains Based on Social Media Messages Posted at the Time of Disaster ». Information 11, no 9 (21 septembre 2020) : 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11090456.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Natural disasters are events that humans cannot control, and Japan has suffered from many such disasters over its long history. Many of these have caused severe damage to human lives and property. These days, numerous Japanese people have gained considerable experience preparing for disasters and are now striving to predict the effects of disasters using social network services (SNSs) to exchange information in real time. Currently, Twitter is the most popular and powerful SNS tool used for disaster response in Japan because it allows users to exchange and disseminate information quickly. However, since almost all of the Japanese-related content is also written in the Japanese language, which restricts most of its benefits to Japanese people, we feel that it is necessary to create a disaster response system that would help people who do not understand Japanese. Accordingly, this paper presents the framework of a question-answering (QA) system that was developed using a Twitter dataset containing more than nine million tweets compiled during the Osaka North Earthquake that occurred on 18 June 2018. We also studied the structure of the questions posed and developed methods for classifying them into particular categories in order to find answers from the dataset using an ontology, word similarity, keyword frequency, and natural language processing. The experimental results presented herein confirm the accuracy of the answer results generated from our proposed system.
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Nakao, Kaori. « Loanwords for Language Learners : Help or Hindrance ? » Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 5, no 1 (2016) : 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v05.1.nakao.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Loanwords are a growing component of the Japanese language. During the past six decades, the majority of new loanwords entering the Japanese language have come from the English language. For native Japanese speaking students, loanwords are a source of potential frustration and support, both within their L1 and L2 (English). Aims: To explore and further our understanding of students’ knowledge of high frequency loanwords. Sample: One hundred thirty undergraduate students of mixed major, studying in a compulsory course (Eigo/Eigokaiwa), at Kyushu Sangyo University, participated in this exploratory study. Methods: This study compares loanword self-reported difficulty (L2) with students’ productive knowledge in their L1. This study was undertaken with a group of first- and second-year students (n!130) enrolled in compulsory English classes. Results: For half of the loanwords examined, self-reported difficulty and students’ productive knowledge was consistent. The remaining words examined were inconsistent with self-report measures, generally underestimating students’ actual productive knowledge. Conclusions: Error analyses of students’ L1 sentences indicated that inconsistencies observed between self-report and productive knowledge may be due to students’ partial knowledge of words expressed through their reliance on katakana translations of the words tested. Implications for practice and future directions are discussed.
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Petrovčič, Mateja. « Foreword ». Acta Linguistica Asiatica 12, no 2 (30 juillet 2022) : 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.12.2.5-6.
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The linguistic clumsiness of tourists and students might be the price we pay for the linguistic genius we displayed as babies, just as the decrepitude of age in the price we pay for the vigor of youth. (Steven Pinker) …, however, from the viewpoint of a linguist, it is definitely worth having it all. The articles for the summer 2022 issue mainly involve topics either on second language learning and acquisition or historical language changes and the motives for them. They were carefully picked up from numerous proposals, and we are very grateful to every single contributor and also to the reviewers. This issue opens with the article “Examples of Corpus Data Visualization: Collocations in Chinese” in which Ľuboš GAJDOŠ and Elena GAJDOŠOVÁ lightheartedly share a highly beneficial practical procedure that can be used in the visualization of language data, especially in language pedagogy. In a very similar manner to the visualization, DENG Qi presents a tangible example from Japanese in the article “Choice Between the Synonymous Pairs of Sutoppu and Teishi: A Case Study on Synonyms of Western Loanwords and Sino-Japanese in Modern Japanese Based on Corpus”, discussing their usage and functions. Yet another article “The Roman Alphabet Within the Japanese Writing System: Patterns of Usages and Their Significance” by Hironori NISHI explores the usages of the Roman alphabet within the present writing system of Japanese, which is, as the author suggests, induced by more and more frequent horizontal writing and the ever-increasing international interaction. The following article was written by GUO Qingli and CHEW Fong Peng and is entitled “Liushu-based Instruction and Its Effects on the Motivation and Intended Learning Efforts: The Case of Laos Learners of Standard Chinese”. It introduces the Liushu-based instruction and examines its effects on the students' motivation and intended learning efforts. LIU Sha wrote the article “Exceptions vs. Non-exceptions in Sound Changes: Morphological Condition and Frequency”, in which the author tries a unique approach to locate factors that explain exceptions in the diphthongization of [i] to [ei] in Mandarin. Last but not least, Nina GOLOB in her article “Word-Prosodic Typology: The Traps of Seemingly Similar Japanese and Slovene” offers a brief review of research trends on prosody, and by introducing the phonetic properties of the two languages and acquisition difficulties by Slovene speakers of Japanese questions the typological similarity between Japanese and Slovene. Editors and Editorial board wish the regular and new readers of the ALA journal a pleasant read full of inspiration, and a rise of new research ideas inspired by these papers.
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Rodgers, Michael P. H., et Stuart Webb. « Incidental vocabulary learning through viewing television ». ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 171, no 2 (25 juin 2019) : 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.18034.rod.
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Abstract Previous research investigating L2 incidental vocabulary learning from video has primarily focused on short videos from genres that may be conducive to vocabulary learning. The research provides evidence that L2 incidental vocabulary learning can occur through video. However, it is uncertain whether viewing episodes of full-length television programs can contribute to incidental learning. This study investigated the effects of viewing 7+ hours of television on incidental vocabulary learning as well as the effects of the frequency and range. One-hundred and eighty-seven Japanese university students viewed ten 42-minute episodes of an American drama. Two vocabulary tests at differing sensitivities were used in a pre- and post-test design measuring receptive knowledge of the form-meaning connection of 60 word-families. The results indicated that (a) viewing television contributed to significant gains in vocabulary knowledge and (b) there was a positive relationship between frequency of occurrence and vocabulary learning. Pedagogical implications are discussed in detail.
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Yamazaki, Akiko, Keiichi Yamazaki, Keiko Ikeda, Matthew Burdelski, Mihoko Fukushima, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Miyuki Kurihara, Yoshinori Kuno et Yoshinori Kobayashi. « Interactions between a quiz robot and multiple participants ». Interaction Studies 14, no 3 (31 décembre 2013) : 366–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.14.3.04yam.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper reports on a quiz robot experiment in which we explore similarities and differences in human participant speech, gaze, and bodily conduct in responding to a robot’s speech, gaze, and bodily conduct across two languages. Our experiment involved three-person groups of Japanese and English-speaking participants who stood facing the robot and a projection screen that displayed pictures related to the robot’s questions. The robot was programmed so that its speech was coordinated with its gaze, body position, and gestures in relation to transition relevance places (TRPs), key words, and deictic words and expressions (e.g. this, this picture) in both languages. Contrary to findings on human interaction, we found that the frequency of English speakers’ head nodding was higher than that of Japanese speakers in human-robot interaction (HRI). Our findings suggest that the coordination of the robot’s verbal and non-verbal actions surrounding TRPs, key words, and deictic words and expressions is important for facilitating HRI irrespective of participants’ native language. Keywords: coordination of verbal and non-verbal actions; robot gaze comparison between English and Japanese; human-robot interaction (HRI); transition relevance place (TRP); conversation analysis
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Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth, et Tsuyoshi Ono. « ‘Incrementing’ in conversation. A comparison of practices in English, German and Japanese ». Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 17, no 4 (1 décembre 2007) : 513–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17.4.02cou.
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This cross-linguistic study focuses on ways in which conversationalists speak beyond a point of possible turn completion in conversation, specifically on turn extensions which are grammatically dependent, backward-looking and extend the prior action. It argues that further distinctions can be made in terms of whether the extension is prosodically integrated with the prior unit, its host, (Non-add-on) or not, and in terms of whether it repairs some part of the host (Replacement) or not. Added-on, non-repairing extensions are further distinguished in terms of whether they are grammatically fitted to the end of the host (Glue-ons) or not (Insertables). A preliminary survey of TCU continuation in English, German and Japanese conversation reveals a number of significant differences with respect to frequency and range of extension type. English is at one extreme in preferring Glue-ons over Non-Add-ons and Insertables, whereas Japanese is at the other extreme in preferring Non-add-ons and Insertables over Glue-ons. German occupies an intermediary position but is on the whole more like Japanese. The preference for Glue-ons vs. Insertables appears to reflect a language’s tendency towards syntactic left- vs. right headedness. In conclusion the study argues for a classification of ‘increment’ types which goes beyond the English-based Glue-on, attributes a central role to prosodic delivery and adopts a usage-based understanding of word order.
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Komarnytska, Tamara. « INCOMPLETE SENTENCES IN THE LANGUAGE OF JAPANESE MASS CULTURE AS A DEVIATION FROM THE LANGUAGE NORMS ». Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Oriental Languages and Literatures, no 29 (2023) : 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-242x.2023.29.03.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background. The paper draws attention to the deviations from the syntactic norm in the sentences of the language of mass culture, in particular, the frequency of incomplete sentences that are not typical for literary language, on the example of the oral and written genres of modern mass culture of Japan. The main objective was to analyze, using quantitative and qualitative methods, the phenomena of ellipsis and nominative sentences, widely represented in the language of both written (fashion magazines, manga comics) and oral (lyrics of popular songs, the language of entertainment TV shows) genres of Japanese mass culture. Results. A so called “norm” for the language of mass culture is the production of entire texts that fully consist of ellipted and nominative sentences, that is, they do not contain a single complete one (such examples occur, in particular, in the language of magazine articles, song lyrics, or manga chapters). In incomplete sentences, the predicate is partially or completely removed, which sometimes makes it impossible to interpret the grammatical tense of one sentence or entire texts. The omission of the predicate, which is often accompanied by the introduction of an exclamation mark, that is not typical for Japanese text in general, shifts the emphasis from the action to the objects that are presented to the recipient in isolation, sort of careless manner, which, on the one hand, leads to easier perception of information, but, on the other hand, spreads mistaken samples of word usage due to the non-compliance of the structure of such messages with the syntactic norm. In addition to complete or partial removal of the predicate from the sentence, the language of mass culture is also characterized by sentences-words expressed by a single interjection; interjections often replace verbs in the predicate position. Conclusions. This overusing of ellipsis and nominative clauses in the language of mass culture seems to bring it closer to colloquial speech or spontaneous informal speech, which most likely aims to make the language of mass culture more accessible and the meanings it conveys “closer” to the consumer. The reproduction of colloquial speech in the syntactic structure of the language of mass culture seems to have a manipulative potential, as well as a destructive role in blurring literary norms and destructing the language “feeling” among the mass culture audience.
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McGuire, Michael, et Jenifer Larson-Hall. « The Contribution of High-frequency Multi-word Sequences to Speech Rate and Listening Perception Among EFL Learners ». Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 10, no 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v10.2.mcguire.larson-hall.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This experiment tested gains in spoken fluency and ability to complete a dictation listening task accurately among 33 Japanese L1 English language users. Both a control group (N = 17) and an experimental group (N = 16) studied Anki vocabulary cards each week for 10 weeks and described three picture stories that contained the vocabulary words every week. Both groups studied 10 common bigrams (such as take advantage) each week while the experimental group additionally studied sets of 10 reduced trigrams (how do you) and did narrow listening homework each week. The results for spoken storytelling fluency found a large advantage for the experimental group while fluency for the free speaking task showed a medium advantage for the experimental group that was not statistically significant. For the listening dictation task, both groups reduced their errors from pretest to posttest but neither group was statistically different from each other.
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Kato, Makiko. « Good and Poor Summary Writers' Strategies : The Case of Japanese High School EFL Learners ». Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no 6 (1 novembre 2018) : 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0906.09.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Despite general belief about the importance of summary writing in foreign language education, and in the field of teaching Language for Academic Purposes (LAP) (e.g., Swales, 1981; 2000), it is shown that the development of this skill is one of the most difficult skills for learners (e.g., Brown and Day, 1980; Hirvela & Du, 2013; Shi, 2012). This study is part of a larger project and its main purpose is to open the black box by exploring the relationship between performances of summary writing in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and the strategies used for summary writing in EFL. A total of 74 Japanese high school EFL learners were asked to write a summary of one-third of approximately 230 word-long English passage and were subsequently asked to respond to the summary strategy inventory adapted partly from Li (2014). The data analysis showed that there was indeed a relationship between the quality of the students' summaries and the frequency of their implemented strategies. In this study, along with the results of in-depth analyses, various implications are offered to EFL education as well as future research studies.
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Puspitosari, Dwi. « Difficulties in Comprehending Japanese Fukugoudoushi of the Japanese Language Learners from Indonesia ». Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics 7, no 2 (31 août 2023) : 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jjlel.v7i2.18855.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Compound verbs, or Fukugoudoushi in Japanese, are unique verbs formed by combining two or more verbs or free morphemes. The Japanese language has around 2,700 compound verbs used daily. According to Morita (1991)'s survey in "Reikai Kokugo Jiten," 11.4% of the documented words are verbs, with compound verbs accounting for 39.29%. Compound verb proficiency presents three hurdles, according to Matsuda (2004). These problems include comprehending the variables that control compound verb combination, distinguishing the nuanced meaning differences between single and compound verbs, and designing effective learning strategies to help achieve compound verb acquisition. In this study, researchers used written assessments, questionnaires, and interviews to determine the factors that affect Fukugoudoushi comprehension and how to remedy them. According to test results, students' difficulty understanding compound verb semantics can be categorized into the following categories:1) Compound verbs encompassing acquired and unacquired information. 2) Verb compounds with different frequency in spoken and written language. 3. Compound verbs for physical or intangible notions. The methods for understanding compound verbs are: Three compound verb interpretation strategies exist. First, understand each verb individually, starting with 1 and then 2. The noun nearest to a compound verb might also indicate its meaning. The second way to interpret compound verbs is to look at the sentence as a whole. Finally, the third method infers compound verb meanings from known verbs.
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Reynolds, Barry Lee, Wei-Hua Wu, Hui-Wen Liu, Shu-Yuan Kuo et Ching-Hua Yeh. « Towards a Model of Advanced Learners’ Vocabulary Acquisition : An Investigation of L2 Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention by Taiwanese English Majors ». Applied Linguistics Review 6, no 1 (1 mars 2015) : 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractDevelopment of vocabulary is one of the fundamental elements for second language acquisition; it is important to meaning transfer and successful communication as well (Barcroft 2004). The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to investigate to what extent the characteristics of vocabulary affect Taiwanese English language majors’ second-language vocabulary acquisition and retention. This research builds upon similar research conducted by Willis and Ohashi (2012), which found a relationship between acquisition and a word’s frequency, cognateness, and length for Japanese learners of English. Our results indicate a significant relationship between acquisition and a word’s frequency, level of polysemy, and part of speech. Correlation results show that polysemy and frequency are both strongly related to acquisition. Nevertheless, a negative correlation between phonemes and acquisition was also shown. The findings indicate that high frequency words and polysemous words are both easily acquired and retained; in contrast, words with more phonemes require more effort by Taiwanese English language majors to learn and retain. Findings from a multiple regression analysis further suggest that high frequency polysemous nouns are easily acquired and retained by Taiwanese English language majors. Pedagogical implications concerning the variables investigated are provided.
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Lestari, Tera Dhea, Linna Meilia Rasiban et Juju Juangsih. « ANALISIS KESALAHAN TRANSFER BAHASA PADA KARANGAN NARATIF MAHASISWA BAHASA JEPANG ». Paedagoria : Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kependidikan 13, no 2 (4 septembre 2022) : 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/paedagoria.v13i2.9834.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstrak: Mempelajari bahasa kedua pasti akan terjadi transfer bahasa baik itu transfer interlingual maupun intralingual yang menimbulkan berbagai penyimpangan dan mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa asing kedepannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan bahasa Jepang level 0 hingga level JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) N3 pada frekuensi kesalahan intralingual dan interlingual oleh pemelajar bahasa Jepang pada karangan naratif. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik catat karena memiliki pendekatan yang lebih beragam melalui gambar dan kata-kata dalam keadaan sebenarnya serta membahas fenomena secara menyeluruh. Sumber data adalah 20 karangan naratif bahasa Jepang yang dibuat oleh 20 pemelajar bahasa Jepang dengan kemampuan JLPT yang berbeda mulai dari yang belum mempunyai sertifikat JLPT hingga JLPT level N3 yang dianalisis berdasarkan teori struktur taksonomi permukaan (surface strategy taxonomy). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kesalahan intralingual paling banyak ditemukan pada bentuk misformation yang dilakukan oleh pemelajar bahasa Jepang sebesar 73% dan 27% kesalahan interlingual dari berbagai kemapuan JLPT. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa semakin tinggi level kemampuan bahasa Jepang maka semakin sedikit persentase kesalahan dan level kemampuan bahasa Jepang tidak mempengaruhi persentase kesalahan interlingual. Perbedaan frekuensi tersebut disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal dan internal lainnya. Penelitian berikutnya diharapkan lebih berfokus pada jangka waktu pembelajaran bahasa Jepang dan faktor eksternal lainnya.Abstract: Learning a second language will inevitably occur language transfers, both interlingual and intralingual transfers, which cause various deviations and affect the use of foreign languages in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the form and frequency of intralingual and interlingual errors in the narrative essays of Japanese language learners ranging from Japanese language proficiency level 0 to JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) level N3. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a note proficient method because it has a more diverse approach through images and words in actual circumstances and discusses phenomena thoroughly. The data sources are 20 Japanese narrative essays made by 20 Japanese language learners with different JLPT capabilities ranging from those who do not have a JLPT certificate to the N3 level JLPT which is analyzed based on the theory of surface taxonomy. The results showed that the intralingual errors were found in the form of misformation made by Japanese language learners by 73% and 27% of interlingual errors from various JLPT abilities. This results proves that the higher the level of Japanese language proficiency, the less the percentage of errors and the level of Japanese language proficiency does not affect the interlingual errors. This caused by external and internal factors. Future research is expect to focus more on the duration of Japanese language learning and other external factors.Future research is expected to focus more on the duration of Japanese language learning and other external factors.
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Guay, Matthew L. « “Some Don’t Even Know Where South Is!” : Linguistic Strategies for Spatial Reference and Seasons in Ishigaki Yaeyaman and Their Disappearance ». Languages 8, no 1 (23 décembre 2022) : 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8010009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many inhabitants of the Yaeyama Archipelago continue to hold a low status view towards their heritage language despite current efforts to halt language shift. An ideology of inferiority stemming from the colonization of the mind renders them psychologically dependent on being Japanese and unable to see their own language as valuable. The problem is further compounded by the lack of ethnolinguistic and sociolinguistic research on the knowledge concepts of the language including the reference system despite it being a profound feature of the language. This paper first rectifies this by describing the unique conceptualizations in the orientation systems as well as the seasonal terms of Yaeyaman. The focus is then shifted to the situations and frequency of their use in Yaeyaman and in Ishigaki-substrate Japanese to look for how language shift has impacted these spatial and environmental viewpoints in the minds of Yaeyaman speakers. I show through the words of the speakers, while describing their use of these systems, how their minds have been unconsciously colonized and how this drives an automatic behavior of language accommodation towards the Japanese. I argue that language accommodation to speakers of Japanese is largely responsible for the disuse of the unique Yaeyaman worldview concepts as well as the decrease in domains where the language is spoken. As a consequence, a unique way of looking at the world and a feature to take pride in is falling into disuse.
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Zhang, Yuling. « The Diachronic Evolution of the Adverbization of Te-verb Form in Japanese from Recent to Modern Period ». Journal of Higher Education Research 3, no 2 (12 avril 2022) : 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jher.v3i2.735.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the process of language evolution, some te-verb forms in Japanese have been converted into adverbial modifiers or complete adverbs for modifying predicates. The conversion from the verb to the adverbial modifier or to the adverb is a gradual process. On the basis of the previous researches, this paper takes「敢えて」,「極めて」,「初めて」,「改めて」,「好んで」and「目立って」as the research objects, and through the investigation of corpus to explore the evolution of te-verb forms to adverbial modifiers or adverbs in diachronic process from recent period to modern one. With the observation of the frequency and semantic changes, the degrees of adverbization of the research objects have been improved or reduced, and the conversion of word classes is a process of dynamic change.