Articles de revues : « Italy – Economic conditions – Regional disparities »

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Salvia, Rosanna, Valentina Quaranta, Adele Sateriano et Giovanni Quaranta. « Land Resource Depletion, Regional Disparities, and the Claim for a Renewed ‘Sustainability Thinking’ under Early Desertification Conditions ». Resources 11, n^o 3 (11 mars 2022) : 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11030028.

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The present contribution discusses recent findings in environmental issues dealing with desertification risk and regional disparities in the Mediterranean basin. By focusing on key socioeconomic factors underlying land and soil degradation (population growth, urban sprawl, coastalization, agricultural intensification, and land abandonment), this commentary highlights the intimate linkage between socioeconomic processes, rural poverty, and territorial disparities based on complex dynamics of demographic and economic factors. The increasing complexity in the spatial distribution of land vulnerable to degradation has also been pointed out with special reference to post-war Italy, a Mediterranean country considered as particularly affected in the UNCCD Annex IV, as the results of non-linear biophysical and socioeconomic dynamics. The lack in multi-target and multi-scale policies approaching land degradation and territorial disparities together is finally discussed as an original contribution to the study of Mediterranean desertification.

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Imbrenda, Vito, Rosa Coluzzi, Valerio Di Stefano, Gianluca Egidi, Luca Salvati, Caterina Samela, Tiziana Simoniello et Maria Lanfredi. « Modeling Spatio-Temporal Divergence in Land Vulnerability to Desertification with Local Regressions ». Sustainability 14, n^o 17 (31 août 2022) : 10906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710906.

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Taken as a classical issue in applied economics, the notion of ‘convergence’ is based on the concept of path dependence, i.e., from the previous trajectory undertaken by the system during its recent history. Going beyond social science, a ‘convergence’ perspective has been more recently adopted in environmental studies. Spatial convergence in non-linear processes, such as desertification risk, is a meaningful notion since desertification represents a (possibly unsustainable) development trajectory of socio-ecological systems towards land degradation on a regional or local scale. In this study, we test—in line with the classical convergence approach—long-term equilibrium conditions in the evolution of desertification processes in Italy, a European country with significant socioeconomic and environmental disparities. Assuming a path-dependent development of desertification risk in Italy, we provided a diachronic analysis of the Environmental Sensitive Area Index (ESAI), estimated at a disaggregated spatial resolution at three times (1960s, 1990s, and 2010s) in the recent history of Italy, using a spatially explicit approach based on geographically weighted regressions (GWRs). The results of local regressions show a significant path dependence in the first time interval (1960–1990). A less significant evidence for path-dependence was observed for the second period (1990–2010); in both cases, the models’ goodness-of-fit (global adjusted R2) was satisfactory. A strong polarization along the latitudinal gradient characterized the first observation period: Southern Italian land experienced worse conditions (e.g., climate aridity, urbanization) and the level of land vulnerability in Northern Italy remained quite stable, alimenting the traditional divergence in desertification risk characteristic of the country. The empirical analysis delineated a more complex picture for the second period. Convergence (leading to stability, or even improvement, of desertification risk) in some areas of Southern Italy, and a more evident divergence (leading to worse environmental conditions because of urban sprawl and crop intensification) in some of the land of Northern Italy, were observed, leading to an undesired spatial homogenization toward higher vulnerability levels. Finally, this work suggests the importance of spatially explicit approaches providing relevant information to design more effective policy strategies. In the case of land vulnerability to degradation in Italy, local regression models oriented toward a ‘convergence’ perspective, may be adopted to uncover the genesis of desertification hotspots at both the regional and local scale.

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Salvati, Luca, Marco Zitti et Margherita Carlucci. « Territorial Systems, Regional Disparities and Sustainability : Economic Structure and Soil Degradation in Italy ». Sustainability 6, n^o 5 (19 mai 2014) : 3086–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su6053086.

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Calamai, Lapo. « The Link between Devolution and Regional Disparities : Evidence from the Italian Regions ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 41, n^o 5 (mai 2009) : 1129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a40282.

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This paper investigates the relationship between devolution and regional disparities by looking at the case of Italy. By integrating the relevant quantitative and qualitative evidence, it attempts to answer two questions. Did the devolutionary process exert a positive influence on regional convergence in Italy? And, if so, why have its beneficial economic effects been concentrated in the Mezzogiorno? A clear historical link between the upsurge of devolution and the reduction of spatial inequalities is identified. However, this relationship plays out in a rather indirect way, and is strongly influenced by a series of exogenous factors which are thoroughly analysed.

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Linhartova, Veronika. « Regional corruption variability in the European countries ». Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management : Current Issues 9, n^o 3 (30 novembre 2019) : 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v9i3.4434.

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Quantification of the corruption rate in smaller sub-national areas is still a significantly unexplored area. Sub-national resolution of corruption rate could bring an entirely new dimension to the theory of causes and consequences of regional disparities. There are numerous reasons why to focus on this issue. Perhaps the strongest one is that if corruption negatively affects the economic performance, as many studies claim, the elimination of corruption in certain regions may be the key for the elimination of regional economic disparities and thus increase the economic performance of the state. Analysis of regional corruption may also lead to the creation of regional anti-corruption provisions that can bring a reduction of corruption rate at the national level. This context is formulated the main goal of this article. A new corruption quantification method reflecting inter-regional differences in the level of corruption in the European countries is designed. Using this method, it is possible to draw a comparison of individual NUTS II regions and identify those which are more affected by corruption than the others. A high level of corruption variability was confirmed for NUTS II regions, especially in Italy. Because of this variability, it could be very deceptive to evaluate the country as a whole from the corruption level viewpoint. Keywords: Corruption, world bank, European union, economic performance, regional disparities, control of corruption.

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Linhartova, Veronika. « Regional corruption variability in the European countries ». New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, n^o 8 (31 décembre 2019) : 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i8.4544.

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Quantification of the corruption rate in smaller sub-national areas is still a significantly unexplored area. Sub-national resolution of corruption rate could bring an entirely new dimension to the theory of causes and consequences of regional disparities. There are numerous reasons why to focus on this issue. Perhaps the strongest one is that if corruption negatively affects the economic performance, as many studies claim, the elimination of corruption in certain regions may be the key for the elimination of regional economic disparities and thus increase the economic performance of the state. Analysis of regional corruption may also lead to the creation of regional anti-corruption provisions that can bring a reduction of corruption rate at the national level. The main goal of this article is formulated in this context. A new corruption quantification method reflecting inter-regional differences in the level of corruption in the European countries is designed. Using this method, it is possible to draw a comparison of individual NUTS II regions and identify those which are more affected by corruption than the others. A high level of corruption variability was confirmed for NUTS II regions, especially in Italy. Because of this variability, it could be very deceptive to evaluate the country as a whole from the corruption level viewpoint. Keywords: Corruption, world bank, European union, economic performance, regional disparities, control of corruption.

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Makhmudov, Sukhrob. « REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC ». INNOVATIONS IN ECONOMY 4, n^o 4 (30 avril 2021) : 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9491-2021-4-11.

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The article is devoted to the study of disparities in the state of socio-economic development in the regions of Uzbekistan in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic.The research was carried out in 3 stages. The 1st stage includes a pre-pandemic period, the 2nd stage is devoted to the analysis of the impact of the pandemic on the increase in regional disparities, and at the 3rd stage, scenarios for reducing the existing disparities have been developed

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Cappelli, Gabriele. « The Missing Link ? Trust, Cooperative Norms, and Industrial Growth in Italy ». Journal of Interdisciplinary History 47, n^o 3 (novembre 2016) : 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01014.

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Despite recent research about the link between social capital and economic growth, the degree to which social norms influenced the first phase of Italy’s regional economic divergence remains largely unexplored. A methodology based on a multifaceted definition of social capital, employing data about charity, mutual aid, and crime permits estimates of the differences in the strength of trust and cooperative norms across Italy’s provinces at ten-year intervals between 1871 and 1911. Further analysis of trust and cooperative norms via regression models of conditional convergence in industrial value added per capita shows that, although regional disparities in social capital were large during the late nineteenth century, they are not strongly correlated with industrial growth. Instead, the evidence indicates that human capital, innovation, and formal institutions were far more instrumental in determining the economic fortunes of Italy’s provinces before the World War I.

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Nazir Sandilah, Muddasar, et Hafiz M. Yasin. « Economic Growth and Regional Convergence : The Case of Pakistan. » Pakistan Development Review 50, n^o 4II (1 décembre 2011) : 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.333-353.

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The questions concerning the prevalence of poverty and the deepening gulf between rich and poor have always been the burning issues all over the world. These issues, irrespective of their causation factors, bear far reaching economic and political consequences. The federation of Pakistan displays complex regional diversities; the component units differ not only in linguistic, cultural, and social characteristics but also in the level of economic development. Although the constitution of Pakistan guaranties equitable shares for all provinces in national resources, the level of growth across regions has not been uniform. During the past half a century, investment in physical and social sectors concentrated in selected parts of the country, particularly in big cities. This practice has led to creation of economic disparities and a number of socio-political problems like terrorism, regional tensions, weakening of the federation and difficulty in arriving at consensus on issues of national interest. Growth theory provides a powerful analytical framework to analyse the issue of regional convergence. Given the assumption of perfect markets, the countries within a geographical region are supposed to converge overtime to a common steady state level of income, provided they are similar in other socio-economic conditions. Put differently, if countries differ significantly in these conditions, then each unit is likely to follow an independent growth path. This is also true for different regions within the same country/ political entity. The objective of this study is to investigate empirically if there is any evidence of convergence across different regions of Pakistan. The study utilises the conventional analytical tools and time series data over the period 1979-2005 for the four provinces, disaggregated into rural and urban sectors. As expected, no evidence of absolute convergence could be observed obviously due to presence of vast differences across the provinces in terms of the growth determinants. In contrast, the income disparities across the regions exhibited a widening tendency during the period under reference. However, the data did support conditional convergence, which implies that different regions followed independent growth paths. The findings further indicate that certain socio-economic conditions are crucial to explain the persistence of income disparities. The question as to why these conditions differ so widely across the different parts of Pakistan is often discussed at different economic and political forums. The study concludes with some policy recommendations that may improve the situation. JEL classification: 047, R11, O53, C33 Keywords: Economic Growth, Convergence, Regional Disparities, Human Capital

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Lewandowski, Krzysztof. « Implementation of community cohesion policy in Italy and its role in elimination of regional disparities ». Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 13, n^o 4 (23 février 2011) : 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-009-0044-1.

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The objective of this paper is to present the contribution of Community regional policy funds to achieving socio-economic cohesion of Italian regions eligible under Objective 1, as well as to discuss future development barriers and opportunities of these regions. The paper also provides a description of Italy's adjustment to the Community policy, the funds exploited by cohesive regions during the 2000-2006 programming period and their efficiency in the elimination of regional disparities.

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Díez-Minguela, Alfonso, Julio Martinez-Galarraga, M. Teresa Sanchis-Llopis et Daniel A. Tirado-Fabregat. « The Origins of Economic Growth and Regional Income Inequality in Latin Europe, 1870–1950 ». Journal of Interdisciplinary History 49, n^o 1 (juin 2018) : 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01233.

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Regional income inequality in Latin Europe (France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal) showed a distinctive pattern between 1870 and 1950. Data about population on a decadal basis and Gross Domestic Product (gdp) for 171 regions (84 French départements, 22 Italian regioni, 18 Portuguese distritos, and 49 Spanish provincias) shows that regional inequality increased from 1870 to 1910 but gradually flattened out thereafter until 1950. Current regional disparities in per-capita income throughout Latin Europe are essentially the result of a long-term evolution that traces back to the origins of modern economic growth. Moreover, this study shows the emergence of the core–periphery pattern that characterizes much of Latin Europe today.

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Шевченко, Ольга. « ELABORATION OF A MECHANISM FOR REGULATING DISPARITIES OF REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BY FUZZY LOGIC METHODS ». Science and Innovation 17, n^o 1 (3 mars 2021) : 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine17.01.018.

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Introduction. Regions of Ukraine are characterized by a considerable level of disparities in socio-economic development. Interpretation of disparities is important in order to develop the measures preventing their aggravation. Problem Statement. The indices of regional disparities are variable and heterogeneous, with different dynamics. Thus, it is difficult to estimate them with the help of conventional methods that do not allow application of intermediate indices. Purpose. To formulate a mechanism for regulating regional disparities necessary for further solution of management and prognostic tasks based on innovative approaches given environmental variability, rapid, and non-linear dynamics of disparities. Materials and Methods. For estimation and interpretation of indices for regional disparities, it is advisable to use methods of fuzzy logic theory. These methods apply to quantitative estimation of qualitative information (in the case when it is indefinite), modeling of increasingly complicated economic processes given a high reliability of calculations based on fuzzy logic models. Results. The mechanism for forecasting the dynamics of regional disparities by fuzzy logic methods has been presented as integration of interdependent factors ensuring development of the region under unstable conditions of external and internal environment. With the help of fuzzy logic methods, the membership function between the levels of disparities and the catalysts of disparities (retarders) has been built. The characteristics of regional disparity levels have been classified as permissible, regulated, and catastrophic. The study of dynamics of the disparity underlies elaborating public policy recommendations on the regulation of disparities. Conclusions. The characteristics of disparities for each region estimated on the basis of membership function pave the way for further forecasting the dynamics of disparities and developing a strategy for the regulation of disparities in each region.

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Tri Hapsari, Ambar, Anna Nurfarhana, Anna Nurfarhana, Mei Renaldi, Zainal Arifin et Sumaryoto Sumaryoto. « Regional Economic Growth in View of the Factors Affecting Regional Levies ». Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) 2, n^o 2 (15 janvier 2023) : 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v2i2.37.

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ABSTRACT In an economic area such as Jabodetabekjur, these areas interact with each other, both in terms of the movement of production factors and the exchange of commodities. Spatial disparities between regions can occur due to disparities in productivity levels between regions triggered by the misery of concentration or concentration of economic activities. As a result, economic growth arises that is not parallel between regions within one region. The gap in economic growth between regions in the Greater Jakarta area can be seen in the following table. The research model is formulated recursively in a tiered regression analysis used to study the Cobb-Douglas linear function from panel data through the EViews-10 application. The results of the analysis show that: The results show that per capita income, population, and regional investment simultaneously have a significant effect on retribution area. The JABODETABEK government needs to pay attention to the conditions that occur, especially those related to the quality of per capita income, population, and regional investment in the JABODETABEK area because these three variables have a close relationship with economic growth and are a source of economic growth in regional retribution to promote regional development. The research is expected to provide input for the JABODETABEK Government in implementing regional financial management to further increase regional fees.

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Gryniv, Volodymyr. « COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE ». HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 300, n^o 6 Part 2 (décembre 2021) : 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-300-6/2-31.

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A feature that characterizes modern conditions of development is a clear diversification of economic potential of individual regions. Analysis of the level of economic development of the regions of Ukraine shows significant differences between them. Regional tensions, exacerbation of spatial problems, exacerbated by the instability of market transformations in various fields of activity, cause inconsistencies and differences in the scale and stages of transformation processes, significant regional differentiation of socio-economic development. The nature of economic development, which has a significant territorial differentiation, is reflected and causes social inequality, which is manifested in social relations to meet the living needs of people, creating normal living conditions. Of particular importance are the regional aspects of the strategy of socio-economic growth of the state. In this context, the issues of economic development of oblasts based on structural changes of sectoral, spatial and functional systems, restoration and strengthening of effective cooperation between oblasts, reduction of interregional disparities, rational use of economic potential of each region are especially relevant. For this reason, this study, based on theoretical considerations on the conditions of regional development, presents the results and conclusions of studies conducted among the regions of Ukraine, aimed at determining their economic potential and the causes of disparities in this area.

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van Raalte, Alyson A., Sebastian Klüsener, Anna Oksuzyan et Pavel Grigoriev. « Declining regional disparities in mortality in the context of persisting large inequalities in economic conditions : the case of Germany ». International Journal of Epidemiology 49, n^o 2 (16 janvier 2020) : 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz265.

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Abstract Background Subnational regional mortality inequalities are large and appear to be mostly increasing within industrialized countries, although comparative studies across high-income countries are scarce. Germany is an important country to examine because it continues to experience considerable economic disparities between its federal states, in part resulting from its former division. Methods We analyse state-level mortality in Germany utilizing data from a newly constructed regional database based on the methodology of the Human Mortality Database. We compare time trends (1991–2015) in the German state-level standard deviation in life expectancy to that of other large, wealthy countries and examine the association between mortality and economic inequalities at the regional level. Finally, using contour-decomposition methods, we investigate the degree to which age patterns of mortality are converging across German federal states. Results Regional inequalities in life expectancy in Germany are comparatively low internationally, particularly among women, despite high state-level inequalities in economic conditions. These low regional mortality inequalities emerged 5–10 years after reunification. Mortality is converging over most ages between the longest- and shortest-living German state populations and across the former East–West political border, with the exception of an emerging East–West divergence in mortality among working-aged men. Conclusions The German example shows that large regional economic inequalities are not necessarily paralleled with large regional mortality disparities. Future research should investigate the factors that fostered the emergence of this unusual pattern in Germany.

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Kurek, Sławomir. « Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie poziomu rozwoju regionalnego w Unii Europejskiej w świetle wybranych mierników ». Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 16 (1 janvier 2010) : 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.16.9.

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The aim of this article is to show spatial disparities in the level of regional socio-economic development of the European Union, basing on selected demographic, social and economic indexes derived from the Eurostat database. For the comparison, EFTA regions as well as some candidate countries (Croatia) were taken into account. The analysis was made with the help of taxonomic methods, namely the taxonomic development index as well as cluster analysis based on the k-means method. The analysis confirmed existing disparities between eastern and western Europe, “old” and “new” European Union members, as well as between core and peripheral regions. The largest differences were recorded in terms of gross domestic product per inhabitant and household income. Having taken into account the period under study, it may be stated that the process of enlarging of EU leads to deepening of disproportion between its regions. The highest level of regional development was presented by the belt of urbanized area with the population of nearly 90 million, stretching from England through the Benelux countries, northern France, middle and southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland to northern Italy, called Blue Banana, Hot Banana, European Megalopolis or European Backbone.Existing demographic and socio-economic disparities between UE regions pose a challenge for regional policy to enhance its social, economic and territorial cohesion on one hand and to increase competitiveness between regions on the other, by investments in economy based on knowledge, increasing entrepreneurship, as well as increasing the potential in the R&D sector and developing IT technology.

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Rodrigo-Comino, Jesus, Gianluca Egidi, Luca Salvati, Giovanni Quaranta, Rosanna Salvia et Antonio Gimenez-Morera. « High-to-Low (Regional) Fertility Transitions in a Peripheral European Country : The Contribution of Exploratory Time Series Analysis ». Data 6, n^o 2 (16 février 2021) : 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6020019.

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Diachronic variations in demographic rates have frequently reflected social transformations and a (more or less evident) impact of sequential economic downturns. By assessing changes over time in Total Fertility Rate (TFR) at the regional scale in Italy, our study investigates the long-term transition (1952–2019) characteristic of Mediterranean fertility, showing a continuous decline of births since the late 1970s and marked disparities between high- and low-fertility regions along the latitude gradient. Together with a rapid decline in the country TFR, the spatiotemporal evolution of regional fertility in Italy—illustrated through an exploratory time series statistical approach—outlines the marked divide between (wealthier) Northern regions and (economically disadvantaged) Southern regions. Non-linear fertility trends and increasing spatial heterogeneity in more recent times indicate the role of individual behaviors leveraging a generalized decline in marriage and childbearing propensity. Assuming differential responses of regional fertility to changing socioeconomic contexts, these trends are more evident in Southern Italy than in Northern Italy. Reasons at the base of such fertility patterns were extensively discussed focusing—among others—on the distinctive contribution of internal and international migrations to regional fertility rates. Based on these findings, Southern Italy, an economically disadvantaged, peripheral region in Mediterranean Europe, is taken as a paradigmatic case of demographic shrinkage—whose causes and consequences can be generalized to wider contexts in (and outside) Europe.

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Jindrová, Andrea. « Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods in the Analysis of Czech Population Life Quality with Attention to Regional Differentiation ». Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, n^o 5 (2015) : 1671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563051671.

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Quality of life in the regions is affected by many mutually interlinked factors. The paper is aimed at the research of regional disparities in CR population life quality as assessed from the viewpoint of economic efficiency of the region and the social and environmental conditions. The interregional disparities research started from statistical modeling based on identification of key indicators affecting life quality in the CR districts and the outcomes reached have been exploited further for multidimensional classification of districts as to the indicators analyzed. Attention has been paid also to the ways of application of cartographic map facilitating a clear visualization of regional disparities.

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Yaremchuk, Roman Ye. « The effectiveness of the state regional policy implementation in the context of territorial disparities ». Regional Economy, n^o 2(100) (2021) : 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2021-2-6.

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Excessive interregional disparities in the functioning of the socio-economic system in the country substantially affect the dynamics of its socio-economic development, significantly slowing it down, as well as creating obstacles to its efficient and timely structural transformation. The analysis of territorial differentiations of socio-economic development in Ukraine’s regions according to the selected indicators in 2014-2020 shows that despite the general growth of the socio-economic development level in the regions, the asymmetric type of regional development continued to dominate. Excessively high levels of GRP differentiation per capita, capital and foreign direct investment per capita, combined with a slight differentiation of disposable income and local budget revenues (excluding transfers) per capita, showed a significant gap between the efficiency of regional economic systems and quality of inhabitants’ life in the regions. To assess the efficiency of the strategic goals and priorities implementation of the 2020 Regional Development Strategy of Ukraine, an assessment of annual indicators related to the regulation of interregional differentiation is conducted. The negative impact of complex socio-political and financial-economic circumstances, as well as insufficient efficiency of state regional policy instruments, did not allow to achieve the projected rates of most indicators within the priorities of the 2020 Regional Development Strategy of Ukraine related to the regulation of interregional differentiation. The systemic nature of the interregional disparities in Ukraine causes the low efficiency of numerous attempts to solve these problems with the help of separate tools of regional policy. The main focus and resources in the strategic objectives implementation in regional development related to the reduction of interregional disparities should be focused on creating favorable conditions for the most efficient use of regional socio-economic capacity based on the strengths of each region and specialized innovative solutions.

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VOIT, Dmytro. « FUNCTIONING OF MODERN INSTITUTIONS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIALIZATION ». Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, n^o 2 (7 mai 2020) : 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-2-11.

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Introduction. In modern conditions, characterized by deepening social and economic disparities and contradictions at the regional level, the tasks of effective redistribution of responsibilities, powers and resources at all levels of government - from functional (national) to regional and local in the context of transfer - are becoming increasingly important, a wider scope from this list from the central body (state) to regional institutions and local governments in accordance with the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The purpose of the article is to study the functioning of modern institutions of regional economic development in terms of socialization. Results. Peculiarities of modern institutions functioning of social and economic development in the context of decentralization reform realization are investigated. The main approaches and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of institutions depending on their functional purpose and role in the reform process are systematized, namely: purpose, scope, functional orientation, maintenance costs and level of adaptability to new conditions. Conclusions. Methodological approaches to a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of decentralization reform are proposed, which can be used for monitoring and making corrective decisions at any stage of its implementation. Comprehensive analysis involves assessing structural changes in terms of 3 components that systematically characterize the achievement of the main goals of reform in the regions, in particular: organizational and administrative (reforming the territorial and administrative system and optimizing regional management), budget (forming independent, balanced regional development budgets) and social-economic (ensuring economic development, economic growth in the region and improving the welfare of citizens). Key words: institutions, regional development, economic development, socialization.

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Kramar, Hans. « Economic convergence on different spatial levels : the conflict between cohesion and growth ». Raumforschung und Raumordnung 64, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2006) : 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03183103.

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Abstract The analysis of economic disparities within the European Union strongly depends on the regional level considered. Whereas the economic gap between the member states has decreased over the last decades, regional disparities have rather deepened. The reason for these contradictory findings can be found in the increasing disparities within many of the member states: Especially in growing economies the gap between urban centres and rural peripheries tends to widen. The spatial concentration of research and development, high skilled labour, infrastructure and foreign investment in the capitals will therefore supposably become a big challenge for the accession countries, which will have to face increasing international competition. Joining a common market of more than 450 million people means new opportunities, challenges and threats for economic development, which have to be faced by local, regional and national governments as well as by European institutions. EU-policies act in the dichotomy between the conflicting goals of economic growth and cohesion. Since they strongly influence regional conditions for production it is of great political interest whether a certain measure fosters economic efficiency by favouring the highly developed centres or rather enhances convergence by promoting lagging regions. The answer is, however, not trivial and needs closer examination: Measures encouraging regional cohesion on the European level can also increase disparities within a state or a region at the same time. This is the reason why the regional effects of EU-policies have to be analysed on different spatial levels. Dealing with the spatial impacts of various European Policies (Regional Policy, TransEuropean Networks, Common Agricultural Policy, Research and Technological Development Policy) there is some evidence that these policies try to compensate the effects of growing competition in the common market by concentrating their efforts on urban growth poles within the underdeveloped countries. Doing that, the European Union comes up to the two conflicting goals of growth and cohesion by promoting efficient economic development in the member states on the one hand and regional convergence on the European level on the other. This approach is of course mainly directed at European objectives and brings about new problems for the member states: According to the principle of subsidiarity the growing divergence within the member states is, however, not a policy task of the European Union but of the member states: Therefore national politics are still required to take on responsibility for these intranational problems by adopting their transport, regional and economic policies to the new challenge.

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Nawaz, Fahim, Noor Jehan et Salma Khan. « Regional Inequalities, Childhood Socioeconomic Conditions and Adult Life Outcomes — Evidence from Pakistan ». Global Regional Review IV, n^o IV (31 décembre 2019) : 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iv).32.

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The circumstances during early years of life wieldasignificant impact on adult life outcomes by influencing and altering the cognitive, social and personality development of individuals. While these, in turn, are determined largely by the parental socioeconomic status which, in great part, depends on prosperity of the regions within which they dwell. This study assessed the relationship among regional inequalities, its influence on early life conditions and the consequent transmission toadult life in the shape of socioeconomic outcomes. For this purpose, secondary data on Pakistans regional, economic and sociodemographic indicators was utilized. Results confirmed the significance of regional disparities over living conditions at the start of life and lifelongsocioeconomic outcomes. A just spread of the economic pie among the regions can improve socioeconomic and living conditions at individual level. This can have favorable implications in the shape of healthy and productive adults.

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Voronov, Viktor V. « Small towns of Latvia : disparities in regional and urban development ». Baltic Region 14, n^o 4 (2022) : 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-4-3.

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The article reports on the results of an economic and sociological study conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with Daugavpils University (Latvia) in 2020—2021. The study aimed to identify the reasons for the disparity in the development of small towns in Latvia. A comprehensive approach was taken to integrate the results of territorial, spatial and socio-economic analyses. By employing the methodology of indexing and ranking large-scale empirical data characterising the development of all small towns in Latvia, the authors attempt to identify the reasons for the disparity in the development rate of small towns in Latvia. The index of territorial development of regions, cities and rural settlements was developed and has been tested by the State Agency for Regional Development of Latvia since 2013. The data collected were then analysed taking into account the geographical location of small towns. The research showed that the main factors influencing the development of small towns are the level of business activity and the role of local authorities in the provision of public funding. The article describes prospects for the polycentric development of small towns and analyses the ways of reducing disparities in their development in terms of the working and living conditions of their residents.

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Buchholz, Maximilian, et Harald Bathelt. « Models of Regional Economic Development : Illustrations Using U.S. Data ». Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 65, n^o 1 (1 mars 2021) : 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2020-0040.

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Abstract Considering stagnating regional prosperity levels and growing inter-regional disparities in many economies, this paper appeals for a renewed research agenda to deepen our understanding of regional economic development. This is done by discussing different conceptual perspectives, their empirical applications and open questions and suggestions for future research. Conventional approaches view development as an outcome of and dependent upon local economic structure. That is, high regional performance is associated with specific regional industrial and human capital mixes. We argue that to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that drive regional economic development it is helpful to apply a relational approach that pays attention to the networks between economic actors across different spatial scales, from local to global. These generate knowledge as well as access to technologies, resources and markets, thereby catalyzing income growth. To support regional policy agendas, it is further necessary to go beyond identifying regularities that structure development and engage with differing regional pathways by conducting systematic comparative analyses of local contextual and institutional conditions.

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Adamanova, Zeyneb, Safie Lukyanova, Lenar Safiullin et Olga Medvedeva. « Particularities of forming regional innovation systems in the national economic space ». E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019) : 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002036.

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A modern economy requires building effective innovation systems. The formation of national and regional innovation systems should be closely linked. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply understand and take into account the peculiarities of the formation of regional systems in the national economic space. This is especially true for the Russian Federation due to the specificity of the administrative system and existence of significant disparities between the regions. Regional innovation systems are actively being developed, just as in more developed regions and less developed countries. Despite the country’s internal conditions, this should be a unified process. Therefore, it is particularly important for the issues of interregional cooperation to eliminate asymmetries and synchronise changes.

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Flores-Chamba, Jorge, Ronny Correa-Quezada, José Álvarez-García et María Río-Rama. « Spatial Economic Convergence and Public Expenditure in Ecuador ». Symmetry 11, n^o 2 (23 janvier 2019) : 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020130.

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In Ecuador, the sectorial policies, public policies and state investment, increase the presence of polarized and polycentric territories with very heterogeneous characteristics and with asymmetric levels of economic growth and development. The explanation for the unequal growth of regions in Ecuador is determined by the existence of different types of asymmetries; that determine economic dynamics and non-convergent development processes. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of an increase in public spending on physical infrastructure and education, on the improvement of productive conditions and on the process of reducing disparities (convergence) at the regional level in Ecuador. To do this, the hypothesis of beta convergence will be tested, which is conditioned by the proxy variables of public expenditure or investment in infrastructure and education at provincial level, for the 2001–2015 period. The results show the existence of a "slight" process of convergence per capita and productivity, although with a significant level of territorial "segregation". In the same way, it is observed that public investment made in this period did not increase the productivity of small and medium-sized provinces significantly, severely conditioning the sustainability of the process of reducing disparities at regional level.

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Milchakov, Mikhail V. « Implementation of Regional Development Priorities Under the Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic ». Financial Journal 13, n^o 2 (25 avril 2021) : 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2021-2-93-113.

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Due to historical features and the heterogeneity of the economic landscape, the regions of Russia are characterized by significant disparities in the level of socioeconomic development. In order to manage regional development, a number of important strategic documents have been adopted, including the Spatial Development Strategy. The tasks of supporting problem regions and developing the largest agglomerations are articulated in these documents. In the context of the pandemic, new challenges have emerged related to slowing economic growth and budget constraints. The article examines the specifics of the formation of individual programs for the socioeconomic development of problem regions, as well as the situation of cities with more than 1 million inhabitants during the pandemic. The author presents proposals for improving the measures included in the Spatial Development Strategy

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Belinska, Stefaniia, Izabela Adamičková, Natália Turčeková, Miriam Buliková et Peter Bielik. « Regional Disparities in the European Union from the Perspective of Environmental Context Indicators ». Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, n^o 2 (1 novembre 2020) : 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0007.

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Abstract The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors of the countries’ economies and agricultural production has a huge socio-economic importance. In the current conditions of globalization and diversification of production, agriculture tries to achieve continuous development, realization of the potential, growth of the quantity and quality of the agricultural production, ensuring food security of the country. The quantitative and qualitative development of the agricultural sector takes place within a certain system, which is created under the influence of economic, social, and environmental factors based on innovations associated with transformation. These components of the current development of the agricultural sector are undergoing constant transformations, leading to the imbalances and the emergence of destructive processes within the complex system of the agricultural sector. Exploring regional disparities in terms of environmental and economic context indicators of CAP is strategically important for the stable rural and regional development of countries, increasing the competitiveness of agriculture, and sustainable and integrated development of regions. Based on the results of the calculations, we confirmed the effect of catching up between poorer and richer EU countries and identified the future trends in the occurrence and reduction of regional disparities.

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Zhou, Min, et Bixia Hu. « Decoupling of carbon emissions from agricultural land utilisation from economic growth in China ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 11 (27 novembre 2020) : 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/290/2020-agricecon.

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China, as a populous and agricultural country, is confronted with a tremendous challenge involving the balance between agricultural economic growth and carbon emissions from agricultural land utilisation (CEALU). This study calculates the total CEALU in the 31 provinces of mainland China and uses the Tapio model to analyse the decoupling of CEALU from economic growth during the period 2000–2017. The results are shown as follows: (i) The CEALU in China has substantially increased, and there are obvious spatial discrepancies in CEALU from the regional and provincial perspectives. (ii) The decoupling of CEALU from economic growth at the national level shows a progressive improvement. The decoupling trends show significant spatial disparities at the regional level due to different natural and economic conditions. (iii) There is an increase in the numbers of provinces, which have achieved economic growth with the reduction of CEALU. Policymakers should attach more importance to the relationship between CEALU and economic growth, and relevant policies should be adapted to local natural and economic conditions.

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Calignano, Giuseppe. « Nanotechnology as a proxy to capture regional economic development ? New findings from the European Union Framework Programmes ». Nanotechnology Reviews 6, n^o 2 (1 avril 2017) : 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2016-0028.

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AbstractThe European Union has included nanotechnology in the Key Enabling Technologies helping countries to tackle current and future societal challenges thanks to their applications in multiple industries. Furthermore, one theme named “Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies” was included in the Sixth and Seventh Framework Programmes with the purpose of financing organizations specifically involved in nanotechnology activities. The empirical analysis presented in this paper aims to reconstruct the participation of the Italian private, public and public-private organizations at the regional level in the European Union nanotechnology network. The hypothesis is that a high share of private organizations and a well-balanced proportion of private and public entities are beneficial for knowledge circulation potentially leading to innovation. This paper confirms the findings of other recent studies by revealing that the participation of private, public and public-private organizations at the European Union level overlaps the distribution of the nanotechnology activities in Italy and the regional disparities in the country. More in general, this paper strengthens the concept that the interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology and the collaborations fostered by the Framework Programmes enable researchers to capture regional economic development from a global viewpoint.

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Lisiński, Marek, Arūnas Augustinaitis, Lukasz Nazarko et Sabina Ratajczak. « EVALUATION OF DYNAMICS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN POLISH AND LITHUANIAN REGIONS ». Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, n^o 4 (9 juin 2020) : 1093–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.12671.

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Regional policy of the countries – reducing disparities between economic development of the regions – has been, is and will continue to be the focus of policy makers’ attention, therefore it is important to assess regional conditions qualitatively and to spot the differences in the change of these condition. This would be the basis for developing targeted strategies for further regional development. The process of regional economic development may be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. The integrated mean of the statistical indicators reflects the dynamics of development. The paper’s objective is to develop an aggregate indicator of development dynamics and to quantify the dynamics of the economic development of the Polish and Lithuanian regions. The employed methodological approach is based on the authors’ definition of the mean of regional economic development equilibrium. The analysis of the statistical characteristics of the indicators of three regions of Poland and Lithuania has shown that the dynamics of economic development in the regions of both countries is similar. On the other hand, Poland is characterized by a more intensive development, while the development of Lithuanian regions is more levelled.

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Calafati, Antonio G. « Macro-Regions, Local Systems and Cities : Conceptualisation of Territory in Italy since 1950 ». SCIENZE REGIONALI, n^o 3 (octobre 2009) : 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/scre2009-003002.

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- (Paper first received, April 2009; in final form, July 2009) How to conceptualise the territory has been a controversial issue in Italy both because of the variety of the scientific research programmes seeking to explain territorial performances and because of the extent to which the territorial organisation of the economic process has changed in the past five decades. The paper primarily discusses how the Italian territory has been conceptualised since the 1950s, relating changing conceptualisations, on the one hand, to theoretical shifts and, on the other, to the need to capture the rapidly and profoundly changing territorial organisation of the Italian economy. The paper also argues that the introduction and use of the concept of ‘local system' have raised two fundamental scientific questions which have still to be properly addressed - and are now prominent on the research agenda.Keywords: territory, cities, local development, regional disparities, ItalyJEL Classification: R11, O18

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Isaraj, Loreta. « An Italian preview of evidences in accessing EU funds by the SMEs. Social and economic development leveraging in the R&D and Innovation capabilities ». Academicus International Scientific Journal 27 (janvier 2023) : 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2023.27.08.

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An overview of the Italian scenario has been developed considering the driving role SMEs play in the economic structure of the country and the pioneering function they have played in R&D and Innovation of Italy and of the whole Union in general. Through secondary data provided by various sources, such as the Cordis database, Istat and CIS 2018 we have done the analysis of regional disparities, which is also evident in the access to the European funds for research and innovation of SMEs. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the position held by Italy in relation to the opportunities offered by the European Union in the field of R&D and innovation, reflecting the changes that can be undertaken by the Italian national policy to serve as a bridge between the European institutions that offer these types of funds and SMEs and to better guide the latter towards the appropriate resources based on their distinctive characteristics which constitute a great development potential.

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Savio, Andrea, Giovanni Ferrari, Francesco Marinello, Andrea Pezzuolo, Maria Cristina Lavagnolo et Mariangela Guidolin. « Developments in Bioelectricity and Perspectives in Italy : An Analysis of Regional Production Patterns ». Sustainability 14, n^o 22 (14 novembre 2022) : 15030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215030.

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Bioenergy is being increasingly used worldwide to generate energy from biogas, biomethane, and other biofuels, bringing significant environmental and economic benefits. In Italy, biogas can significantly contribute to the achievement of the renewable energy targets set at the national and European levels. The exploitation of this energy source in a particular area is determined by its environmental and anthropic properties, as well as by the incentive system and the political will of decision makers. This paper analyzes the socioeconomic drivers and natural conditions triggering bioelectricity production in Italian regions. The analysis proposed here was performed in two steps—first, by identifying groups of similar regions for some natural, social, and economic variables, and then by modeling the historical trajectory of bioelectricity production for each identified group with innovation diffusion models. As a general finding, regions pertaining to the same group in terms of natural and socioeconomic conditions revealed a similar production pattern for bioelectricity, as confirmed by the results of diffusion modeling. On the basis of the diffusion modeling procedure, some scenario simulations were performed, which suggested the set-up of suitable policy actions for each group of regions.

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Manasijević, Aleksandar, Marko Milojković et Dejan Mastilo. « Digital Village Transformation : A Model for Relativizing Regional Disparities in the Republic of Serbia ». ECONOMICS 7, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2019) : 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2019-0013.

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Abstract The regional reality of the Republic of Serbia is characterized by strong regional disparities and adverse demographic trends. This situation is the result not only of inadequate actions of makers of macroeconomic policy and implementation of inefficient models of regional development in modern conditions, but of a long-term process of inheritance and deepening of regional disparities. The consequences of uneven regional development are numerous, and despite the economic ones, it is very important to emphasize the importance of non-economic consequences of uneven regional development. This primarily refers to the unfavorable demographic flows caused by the bipolarization of the state to the developed north and undeveloped south. Migratory trends in the Republic of Serbia can be observed in three different, however, interrelated processes. The first relates to migration from villages to cities, the second to migration from south to north and the third to migration directed beyond the borders of our country. These processes led to the extinction of the Serbian village and to the demographic emptying of the periphery of the Republic of Serbia. This is best supported by the fact that every fourth village is in the process of demographic disappearance, while every fourth agricultural resident of the Republic of Serbia is at risk of poverty. However, in the Zajecar district, the municipality of Sokobanja, one can notice the digital transformation of Vrmdža village, similar to the digital transformation of villages in developed countries. This transformation has attracted a large number of young families from this village doing business activities through the internet and modern digital technologies. The aim of this paper is to investigate the digital transformation of the village of Vrmdža by presenting a specific model of village transformation that can significantly contribute to the relativization of regional disparities in the Republic of Serbia.

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Jánský, Jaroslav, et Soňa Váleková. « Methodological approaches to evaluation of disparities in regions of the Czech Republic ». Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, n^o 4 (2012) : 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260040155.

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The goal of the paper is to propose a methodological approach to evaluation of regional disparities, which is based on a comparison of life quality in each regions of the Czech Republic. Life quality in regions is influenced e.g. by natural, social-cultural and economical conditions or rather fields. This approach to evaluation of regional disparities is grounded in forming of summary index of development potential of the region. This index includes evaluation of life quality in all three above mentioned fields. Summary index of development potential also allows determine the ranking of regions from the view of life quality.Compiling of partial indexes comes before determination of summary index of development potential of the region. Partial indexes enable to evaluate development potential of certain regions in the field of natural resources, social and cultural resources and in the field of economic efficiency.Results of disparities evaluation in regions of the Czech Republic indicate relatively great disparities among individual regions. Evaluation of summary index of development potential evidently shows on significant position of the Capital of Prague and Central Bohemian region. Opposite position have primarily Karlovy Vary Region and Olomouc Region.

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Harsányi, Endre, Gergely Harsányi et János Attila Nagy. « Differences in Regional Development in the Northern Great Plain Region ». Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n^o 16 (6 décembre 2005) : 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3308.

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An important ambition of EU regional politics is the reduction of disparities. An important strategical objective of the Commission is to terminate underdevelopment and to ensure the development of the regions based on the principles of solidarity, equity and justice. The commission has dedicated forty percent of its common budget to achieve these goals. The differences in development are significantly influenced by the economic characteristics of the specific region, the quality and quantity of human resources, the accessibility of the region and factors influencing local quality of life.The new spatial structure has been formed by the processes of the change of regime, the events of nineties and the economic renewal based onforeign capital investments parallel with crisis phenomenon. The economic, political and social consequences of the transformation have significantly transformed spatial structure and increased disparities. New disparities have formed, which strengthened due to the formation of east-west slopes and local crisis zones. The outstanding improvement of the capital resulted in great regional development differences, which can be detected when examining regional distribution of gross domestic product. The Eastern part of the country was most heavily affected by the collapse of heavy industry and agricultural mass production based on the Eastern markets.It is of key importance for the region to strengthen regional competitiveness, which requires the application of consistent development-politics. Economic development is the most important, which can also draw the possibility of establishing welfare infrastructures. It is important to develop the processing industry, the supply networks and to ease the lack of capital it is also important to involve foreign capital. Developing agriculture plays an important role in transforming the structure of the economy. Since the conditions of the region, its traditions and long-term competitive advantages are favorable, thus can represent a greater ratio in the economy than the EU average. The modernisation of the agricultural sector can be promoted by supporting marketing, quality agricultural development and producer-retail cooperation. It is also highly important to promote development in transportation and informatics infrastructure and human resources.In the future – based on the strength of the region – it is necessary to achieve such a consistent regional development politics, which by validating the principles of regional politics, serves the interest of utilizing regional development supports most efficiently and prevents the irreversible underdevelopment of the region and promotes fast development.

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STORONIANSKA, Iryna, et Liliya BENOVSKA. « Credit and investment factors of economic growth of regions of Ukraine in conditions of financial and economic turbulence ». Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, n^o 8 (11 octobre 2021) : 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.08.081.

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The important problem of regional development is the strengthening of interregional disparities due to the concentration of financial capital in some of the most economically developed and investment-attractive regions and its outflow from economically weaker regions. The purpose of the article is to analyze the spatial distribution of the processes of credit activity and capital investment in conditions of financial and economic turbulence, to assess their impact on the economic growth of the regions of Ukraine. The following methods were used for the study: abstract-logical, comparative analysis, graphical visualization, statistical. The article identifies trends and problems of spatial distribution of credit activity, capital investment and highlights the features of credit and investment development of regions in crisis conditions; the influence of credit and investment factors on the economic growth of the regions is estimated. It has been found that in Ukraine a high concentration of capital investment in highly developed regions does not always guarantee them high investment productivity. Regional development under the COVID-19 quarantine restrictions was often influenced by behavioral factors and a number of irrational decisions by economic entities. During 2020, the share of public capital investments increased, but these investments were often financed by international funds. However, unlike most developed countries, the main objects of investment were not the health care system (including its increased capacity to fight the pandemic) or the digitalisation of public services, but the objects of hard infrastructure. The article identifies the risks of economic growth of regions, in particular: the risk of delayed effect of economic growth in the short term, the risk of deepening imbalances in economic development of Ukraine, the risk of low productivity of public investment, the risk of increasing irrationality of consumer behavior in the short term.

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Diaz, Rafael, Joshua G. Behr, Francesco Longo et Hua Liu. « A Systems Framework for Modeling Health Disparities in the Prevalence in Chronic Conditions following a Natural Disaster Event ». International Journal of Privacy and Health Information Management 1, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijphim.2013010102.

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Natural disaster events impact both the short- and long-term health of a region’s population. Due to variation in the vulnerability among population segments, a severe storm event can be expected over time to have a greater public health impact upon traditionally underserved and medically fragile populations. This research illustrates the causal relationships leading to a change over time in the prevalence of chronic conditions among black and non-black populations within U.S. Hampton Roads. Using a system dynamics approach, the authors develop and integrate a macro model that captures change in regional economic and demographic profiles with a micro model that focuses on access to health services and the ability to respond within the context of the changing regional environment. The authors’ study finds that: (1) the disparity in the prevalence of chronic conditions increases over time following the event, (2) the growth in health disparity may be slowed by regional resiliency intervention policies, and (3) mitigation efforts result in greater reductions in growth of chronic conditions among the black population relative the non-black general population. Knowledge of the disparate impact that such an event will have on the long-term health of underserved and medically fragile populations may be used to inform mitigation investments.

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Emeka, Osuji. « Intra-African Trade, Macroeconomic Conditions and Competitiveness in Africa ». Studies in Business and Economics 15, n^o 1 (1 avril 2020) : 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0014.

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AbstractMore than ever before, trade and regional integration have become two important arguments in the development equation of most modern states and, probably, explains the current rise in regional integration around the world. However, regional integration will not produce optimal benefits in the absence of favourable macroeconomic conditions and substantial internal trade among the integrating members. This paper employs descriptive statistics and econometric techniques to analyze the competitiveness of the continent by studying the impact of relevant intra-African trade indices on the competitiveness of Africa, based on a panel dataset spanning 2000 to 2016. The results show considerable variations in both inter- and intra-regional trade performance and competitiveness among African regional groupings and nations. Intra-African trade, especially in exports, over the study period, was consistently low. While the South Africa region had the highest intra-regional trade in imports, East Africa region had the highest level of inter-regional imports. West Africa, with Nigeria’s dominance, had the highest level of intra-regional exports, while South Africa had the highest inter-regional exports at country level. For the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), SADC reported the highest intra-African import trades, while SACU reported the highest inter-regional imports. SADC has the highest intra-African exports, while COMESA has the highest inter-regional exports. African Competitiveness Index (ACI) ranking puts the East Africa Region on top, and South Africa as the most competitive African economy. Using panel data covering 2012 to 2016 for 20 African economies, ACI was regressed on a 7-variable model, including intra-regional imports and exports, inflation rate, nominal exchange rate, gross capital formation, and the growth rate of GDP. The results were mixed but plausible. All the variables were correctly signed and significant in different regions, reflecting the huge structural and policy disparities among the regions. Continued transformation of African economies with emphasis on both physical and financial infrastructure, and human capital development will enhance intra-African trade and regional competitiveness.

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Ganesch, Franziska. « Regional Mobility and Spatial Inequality : Determinants of Spatial Labor Market Behavior Considering Firm- and Region-Specific Factors ». Raumforschung und Raumordnung 76, n^o 6 (31 décembre 2018) : 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-018-0551-2.

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Abstract Regional disparities exist between states as well as within countries. In the Federal Republic of Germany, as a result of reunification, there are still considerable regional differences in terms of economic conditions. Local economic and structural circumstances affect individual employment opportunities and can be a motive for migration. Based on rational-economic approaches, the article examines the spatial labor market behavior of full-time employees subject to social security contributions, taking into account individual, firm-specific and regional characteristics. Workplace mobility is analyzed as a job move between the macro regions of North, South and East Germany. For this purpose, a linked employer-employee dataset (LIAB) from the “Institute for Employment Research” is used, supplemented by regional structural indicators (INKAR) at the level of the spatial planning regions. The analyses using binary logistic regression models show that transregional mobility especially depends on individual characteristics such as age and qualifications. Regarding regional features, it can be seen that the emigration tendency of younger employees increases with the local level of unemployment. Overall, the results do not indicate that there is a single-track brain drain from structurally weak regions. Nevertheless, these regions face a problem in age-specific migration patterns. The outflow of young workers weakens structurally poor areas directly and permanently.

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Brunetti, M. T., S. Peruccacci, M. Rossi, S. Luciani, D. Valigi et F. Guzzetti. « Rainfall thresholds for the possible occurrence of landslides in Italy ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, n^o 3 (11 mars 2010) : 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-447-2010.

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Abstract. In Italy, rainfall is the primary trigger of landslides that frequently cause fatalities and large economic damage. Using a variety of information sources, we have compiled a catalogue listing 753 rainfall events that have resulted in landslides in Italy. For each event in the catalogue, the exact or approximate location of the landslide and the time or period of initiation of the slope failure is known, together with information on the rainfall duration D, and the rainfall mean intensity I, that have resulted in the slope failure. The catalogue represents the single largest collection of information on rainfall-induced landslides in Italy, and was exploited to determine the minimum rainfall conditions necessary for landslide occurrence in Italy, and in the Abruzzo Region, central Italy. For the purpose, new national rainfall thresholds for Italy and new regional rainfall thresholds for the Abruzzo Region were established, using two independent statistical methods, including a Bayesian inference method and a new Frequentist approach. The two methods proved complementary, with the Bayesian method more suited to analyze small data sets, and the Frequentist method performing better when applied to large data sets. The new regional thresholds for the Abruzzo Region are lower than the new national thresholds for Italy, and lower than the regional thresholds proposed in the literature for the Piedmont and Lombardy Regions in northern Italy, and for the Campania Region in southern Italy. This is important, because it shows that landslides in Italy can be triggered by less severe rainfall conditions than previously recognized. The Frequentist method experimented in this work allows for the definition of multiple minimum rainfall thresholds, each based on a different exceedance probability level. This makes the thresholds suited for the design of probabilistic schemes for the prediction of rainfall-induced landslides. A scheme based on four probabilistic thresholds is proposed. The four thresholds separate five fields, each characterized by different rainfall intensity-duration conditions, and corresponding different probability of possible landslide occurrence. The scheme can be implemented in landslide warning systems that operate on rainfall thresholds, and on precipitation measurements or forecasts.

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Mahmudiono, Trias, et Agung Dwi Laksono. « Disparity in the Hospitals Utilization among Regions in Indonesia ». Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (7 novembre 2021) : 1461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7304.

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Abstract: The utilization of hospital services is a benchmark for the success of a health care referral system. Indonesia as the largest archipelago in the world encounters challenging conditions along with lack of infrastructure posed economic and health disparity among its regions. Disparities as a result of this development also have an impact on the accessibility of health care facilities. Regions with good economic movements tend to have good accessibility to health care facilities. For this reason, reducing disparity to achieve universal health services is the goal of health planners and policy makers. Chi Square test was used to test dichotomy variables and t-tests was performed for analysing the difference among continuous variables. These tests were employed to assess the hypothesis that there was significant regional difference in the access of health care in Indonesia. Estimation using multinomial logistic regression test was used to study the disparity between regions in hospital utilization. The results of this study showed that disparities between regions in Indonesia exist in term of hospital utilization. The disparities in hospital utilization among regions in Indonesia were associated with: marital status, socioeconomic status, education level, occupation and insurance ownership. However, the difference in odds ratio for mortality between regions decreased compared to the previous period. Conclusion. Disparities in the hospital utilization among region in Indonesia was associated with complex factors from individual characteristics through geographic barriers.

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Veres, Valér, József Benedek et Ibolya Török. « Changes in the Regional Development of Romania (2000–2019), Measured with a Multidimensional PEESH Index ». Sustainability 14, n^o 21 (4 novembre 2022) : 14500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114500.

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Measuring development is a long-standing challenge in the social sciences. Although multidimensional and multivariate approaches to development present several conceptual and/or methodological problems, some studies have pointed out that the unidimensional view of economic progress has failed on a large scale. The main purpose of our article is to elaborate a multidimensional composite index called the PEESH (population, economic, education, social, and health) Development Index, for measuring socio-economic development in Romania with a territorial profile. The PEESH DI index presented in this paper contains five sub-dimensions: population dynamics, economy and labor force, education, social conditions and housing, and health and life conditions, including 22 core indicators. The components of the resulting multidimensional index were weighted using factor analysis and then aggregated transversely into a composite index. Our results show that the differentiated increase of the indicators composing the PEESH DI resulted in a certain restructuring of the development hierarchy of Romania’s counties between 2000 and 2019. These empirical facts strengthen the idea that development cannot be reduced to only economic growth, it comprises an important social dimension as well. Finally, we have strongly argued in this paper that it is time to switch from a single-sided and reductionist perspective of the measurement of regional disparities, within the framework of the Cohesion Policy in the European Union, to a wider and multidimensional perspective, reflecting the complex character of the development process.

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Longo, Maria Annunziata, et Paolo Tenuta. « Environmental, economic and socio-institutional context of the sustainability index : Evidence from Italy ». Corporate Ownership and Control 18, n^o 1, Special Issue (2020) : 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i1siart10.

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The aim of this study is to define a methodology for assessing sustainability at different levels of detail. For the definition of the conditions of sustainability, the approach known as the triple bottom line was used. The study developed concerns the identification of a set of environmental, economic, and socio-institutional indicators and the elaboration of the same in a synthetic analysis index, organized in a hierarchical structure. An index for measuring irrigation sustainability has been built. This index, called the Sustainable Irrigation Index (SII), allows monitoring and assessment of the sustainability of irrigation activities and policies, at various territorial analysis scales, varying from the regional to the agricultural company. We proceeded with the creation of a multi-criteria spatial decision support system (GIS-based). The implementation of the index took place using the GIS IDRISI software. Finally, the index was applied to the concrete case of a Province of the Calabria region

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Mulska, Olha, et Taras Kloba. « DECOMPOSITION OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF UKRAINIAN HOUSEHOLDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHANGING ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT : REGIONAL SECTION ». Three Seas Economic Journal 2, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2021) : 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2021-3-10.

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Challenges of economic instability update the study of their impact on the architecture of economic and consumer behavior of Ukrainian households, which determines their financial capacity. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comparative analysis of the financial capacity of Ukrainian households at the regional level and to identify applied features of consumer behavior in the economic crisis. The object is the financial capacity of Ukrainian households in terms of regions. The subject of research: analysis of different models of behavior of households in Ukraine (consumer, investment, and savings), which will determine the financial orientation of families by region. Research methodology. The methodological tools for assessing the economic behavior of households with the definition of its leading models - consumer, investment, savings, the correlation of which allows to determine the decomposition of the financial capacity of the territory (country, region, community). The methodological approach has been tested, which can serve as a basis for structuring management tasks in terms of strengthening the investment activities of households, ensuring the optimal structure of consumer spending to form the territory's resilience to financial shocks. An analysis of the economic behavior of households, based on the assessment of reflections – consumer, investment, and savings - as a result of the subject's understanding of its financial capacity, expressed in terms of costs and financial resources. The study results can help reflect the state of providing the entity with financial resources. These other tangible and intangible assets may be capitalized shortly and reoriented from consumption and savings to investment purposes of financial capacity of households in Ukraine. Improving the financial condition of households is closely linked to the resumption of economic activity of enterprises, as families are one of the most critical economic categories. An essential tool is an effective regional policy to level interregional disparities and effective long-term strategies for household financial behavior. Particular attention should be paid to financial planning, which is a prerequisite for effective management and control over the financial condition of households, which will balance the structure of income and expenditure, avoid unplanned expenses, rational use of available resources. When it comes to making financial decisions, they are always sensible, planned based on the real needs of household members or the adequacy of financial resources. Prospects for further research will be problem-solving, which is possible only at the state level and requires effective management decisions and the identification of different macroeconomic trends in the national economy.

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Kot, Janusz, et Ewa Monika Kraska. « Bioeconomy development level at a macro scale and from a regional perspective in Poland ». Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2022, n^o 162 (2022) : 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.162.21.

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Purpose: Bioeconomy is a contemporary concept of economic development. It means focusing on increasing economic efficiency through a more extensive use of renewable environmental resources. The implementation of this concept causes structural changes in the economy and consumption at both macro, regional and local levels. The bioeconomy refers to the concept of sustainable development. The level of development of bioeconomy is important in enhancing regional cohesion in terms of economic and social development. The bioeconomy is the subject of both conceptual research and structural decision-making in economic development. The purpose of the article is to present economic diversification in Poland in 2010-2019 in relation to selected aspects of bioeconomy development. Design/methodology/approach: In order to construct the indicator of the level of bioeconomy development in the regions, statistical characteristics were selected and weighted using a formula that favored the characteristics with the highest variability. Then, to illustrate the level of bioeconomy, a synthetic indicator was constructed to divide the regions into three categories: low-development regions, developing regions and developed regions. Findings: The level of bioeconomy development in Polish regions shows great variation in both bioeconomy resources, economic indicators for the bioeconomy and innovation in the production process. Dispersion coefficient of regional level of bioeconomy points to the ongoing processes of regional divergence in the bioeconomy in Poland. Efficiency in the use of available resources, including the degree of renewable energy use and the level of innovation in the regions, was the most important factor in the development of the bioeconomy during the study period. Research limitations/implications: The use of statistical methods should be comprehensive in order to present a picture of the subject of the research from multiple perspectives and the findings regarding other areas. Hence the need to use research methods that take into account the interdependence between different factors affecting socio-economic development both on a national and regional scale. Practical implications: The development of bioeconomy is undoubtedly a factor influencing the socio-economic development of regions. However, it is not the only developmental stimulator. The activities of both national and regional authorities should be diversified, based on supporting various types of economic activity and investing in different branches and industries. A holistic approach to the issue of regional disparities that takes into account the bioeconomy can lead to a narrowing of the development gap between different regions in the country. Social implications: The development of bioeconomy is an opportunity to improve the quality of life and living conditions for the inhabitants of regions with resource potential and openness to apply new solutions and technologies in this area. Originality/value: An attempt to identify the level of bioeconomy development in dynamic terms and its relationship to the positioning of regions in terms of the level of socio-economic development. Keywords: bioeconomy, regional disparities, green growth, Polish and EU strategic documents. Category of the paper: research paper.

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Yaroshenko, I. V., et I. B. Semigulina. « Global Trends in Public Management of Territorial Development in the Context of Decentralization of Power ». Business Inform 11, n^o 514 (2020) : 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-96-103.

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The progressive development of each country is the result of an effective management system at all levels of economic administration. Of particular importance is regional (territorial) development, due to the growing role of public regional management, the formation of local self-government, the influence of public organization of power on the socio-economic development of territories. In the context of activation of processes of decentralization of power, public management, transfer into the regions of certain powers to local authorities and increased responsibility for their activities significantly expands the socio-economic status of certain territories (regions, communities), the issues of development and stimulation, availability of effective mechanisms and instruments for socio-economic development of region (territories, communities, etc.) are becoming relevant. The existence of regional development problems in Ukraine with clear signs of increasing disparities of socio-economic indicators, increasing the number of problematic and backward territories, exacerbation of interregional socio-political tensions necessitates studying the world experience of functioning and development of territorial socio-economic systems and opportunities for the use of best practices for the formation of their own regional policy on the basis of effective management of territorial development in the conditions of decentralization of power. Changes in the legislation of Ukraine in terms of decentralization of power should concern the consolidation of the constitutional basis of local self-government, determination of its system and functioning with further detailed legislative regulation. This, on the one hand, will ensure the constitutional guarantee of local self-government, on the other hand – will provide a legal framework for its further development and improvement.

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Yaroshenko, I. V., et I. B. Semigulina. « Global Trends in Public Management of Territorial Development in the Context of Decentralization of Power ». Business Inform 11, n^o 514 (2020) : 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-96-103.

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The progressive development of each country is the result of an effective management system at all levels of economic administration. Of particular importance is regional (territorial) development, due to the growing role of public regional management, the formation of local self-government, the influence of public organization of power on the socio-economic development of territories. In the context of activation of processes of decentralization of power, public management, transfer into the regions of certain powers to local authorities and increased responsibility for their activities significantly expands the socio-economic status of certain territories (regions, communities), the issues of development and stimulation, availability of effective mechanisms and instruments for socio-economic development of region (territories, communities, etc.) are becoming relevant. The existence of regional development problems in Ukraine with clear signs of increasing disparities of socio-economic indicators, increasing the number of problematic and backward territories, exacerbation of interregional socio-political tensions necessitates studying the world experience of functioning and development of territorial socio-economic systems and opportunities for the use of best practices for the formation of their own regional policy on the basis of effective management of territorial development in the conditions of decentralization of power. Changes in the legislation of Ukraine in terms of decentralization of power should concern the consolidation of the constitutional basis of local self-government, determination of its system and functioning with further detailed legislative regulation. This, on the one hand, will ensure the constitutional guarantee of local self-government, on the other hand – will provide a legal framework for its further development and improvement.

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Stan, Mari-Isabella, et Simona-Elena Cojocaru. « An analysis of the absorption rate of EU funded social projects at macro-regional level ». Technium Social Sciences Journal 36 (8 octobre 2022) : 466–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v36i1.7551.

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The current European context is still characterized by the disparities between the Member States, economic and social cohesion being one of the priorities of the European Union, which is found among the key objectives of European and national policies. The Structural Funds are the most important economic policy measure adopted by the European Commission, and their management, which represents an opportunity for socio-economic development, is the responsibility of all Member States. In the national context, the responsibility for a sustainable local development must be placed on the community, one of the most effective tools for achieving the community’s development being social programs, implemented through social projects. The aim of this paper is to carry out an analysis of the projects contracted under the Human Capital Operational Programme, Priority Axis 4 - Social inclusion and combating poverty, for the 2014-2020 programming period, at the level of Romania's development regions. For our country, the European Structural Funds are the main source of funding of the operational programmes which facilitate the socio-economic development at national, regional and local level, based on the premise that the development of social projects can lead to improved living conditions for the citizens of local communities.

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