Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Italian Volcanism »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Italian Volcanism"
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Kirk, W. L., R. Siddall et S. Stead. « The Johnston-Lavis collection : a unique record of Italian volcanism ». Geological Society, London, Special Publications 171, no 1 (2000) : 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.171.01.15.
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Martelli, M., P. M. Nuccio, F. M. Stuart, V. Di Liberto et R. M. Ellam. « Constraints on mantle source and interactions from He-Sr isotope variation in Italian Plio-Quaternary volcanism ». Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9, no 2 (février 2008) : n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007gc001730.
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Wulf, Sabine, Jörg Keller, Martine Paterne, Jens Mingram, Stefan Lauterbach, Stephan Opitz, Gianluca Sottili et al. « The 100–133 ka record of Italian explosive volcanism and revised tephrochronology of Lago Grande di Monticchio ». Quaternary Science Reviews 58 (décembre 2012) : 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.020.
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Martin, Silvana, et Patrizia Macera. « Tertiary volcanism in the Italian Alps (Giudicarie fault zone, NE Italy) : insight for double alpine magmatic arc ». Italian Journal of Geosciences 133, no 1 (février 2014) : 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2013.14.
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Aalto, K. R. « Hermann Karsten, pioneer of geologic mapping in northwestern South America ». History of Geo- and Space Sciences 6, no 1 (25 juin 2015) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-6-57-2015.
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Abstract. In the late 19th century, a regional map of Nueva Granada (present-day Colombia, Panama and parts of Venezuela and Ecuador) was published by German botanist and geologist Hermann Karsten (1817–1908). Karsten's work was incorporated by Agustín Codazzi (1793–1859), an Italian who emigrated to Venezuela and Colombia to serve as a government cartographer and geographer, in his popular Atlas geográfico e histórico de la Republica de Colombia (1889). Geologic mapping and most observations provided in this 1889 atlas were taken from Karsten's Géologie de l'ancienne Colombie bolivarienne: Vénézuela, Nouvelle-Grenade et Ecuador (1886), as cited by Manual Paz and/or Felipe Pérez, who edited this edition of the atlas. Karsten defined four epochs in Earth history: Primera – without life – primary crystalline rocks, Segunda – with only marine life – chiefly sedimentary rocks, Tercera – with terrestrial quadrupeds and fresh water life forms life – chiefly sedimentary rocks, and Cuarta – mankind appears, includes diluvial (glacigenic) and post-diluvial terranes. He noted that Colombia is composed of chiefly of Quaternary, Tertiary and Cretaceous plutonic, volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and that Earth's internal heat (calor central) accounted, by escape of inner gases, for volcanism, seismicity and uplift of mountains. Karsten's regional mapping and interpretation thus constitutes the primary source and ultimate pioneering geologic research.
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Bourne, A. J., P. G. Albert, I. P. Matthews, F. Trincardi, S. Wulf, A. Asioli, S. P. E. Blockley, J. Keller et J. J. Lowe. « Tephrochronology of core PRAD 1-2 from the Adriatic Sea : insights into Italian explosive volcanism for the period 200–80 ka ». Quaternary Science Reviews 116 (mai 2015) : 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.006.
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Villemant, B., et C. Flehoc. « U-Th-Ta fractionation in magma sources of the italian K-rich volcanism. Constraints from distribution coefficients and Th-U disequilibrium studies ». Chemical Geology 70, no 1-2 (août 1988) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90570-0.
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Batenburg, Sietske J., David De Vleeschouwer, Mario Sprovieri, Frederik J. Hilgen, Andrew S. Gale, Brad S. Singer, Christian Koeberl, Rodolfo Coccioni, Philippe Claeys et Alessandro Montanari. « Orbital control on the timing of oceanic anoxia in the Late Cretaceous ». Climate of the Past 12, no 10 (19 octobre 2016) : 1995–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1995-2016.
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Abstract. The oceans at the time of the Cenomanian–Turonian transition were abruptly perturbed by a period of bottom-water anoxia. This led to the brief but widespread deposition of black organic-rich shales, such as the Livello Bonarelli in the Umbria–Marche Basin (Italy). Despite intensive studies, the origin and exact timing of this event are still debated. In this study, we assess leading hypotheses about the inception of oceanic anoxia in the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world by providing a 6 Myr long astronomically tuned timescale across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary. We procure insights into the relationship between orbital forcing and the Late Cretaceous carbon cycle by deciphering the imprint of astronomical cycles on lithologic, physical properties, and stable isotope records, obtained from the Bottaccione, Contessa and Furlo sections in the Umbria–Marche Basin. The deposition of black shales and cherts, as well as the onset of oceanic anoxia, is related to maxima in the 405 kyr cycle of eccentricity-modulated precession. Correlation to radioisotopic ages from the Western Interior (USA) provides unprecedented age control for the studied Italian successions. The most likely tuned age for the base of the Livello Bonarelli is 94.17 ± 0.15 Ma (tuning 1); however, a 405 kyr older age cannot be excluded (tuning 2) due to uncertainties in stratigraphic correlation, radioisotopic dating, and orbital configuration. Our cyclostratigraphic framework suggests that the exact timing of major carbon cycle perturbations during the Cretaceous may be linked to increased variability in seasonality (i.e. a 405 kyr eccentricity maximum) after the prolonged avoidance of seasonal extremes (i.e. a 2.4 Myr eccentricity minimum). Volcanism is probably the ultimate driver of oceanic anoxia, but orbital periodicities determine the exact timing of carbon cycle perturbations in the Late Cretaceous. This unites two leading hypotheses about the inception of oceanic anoxia in the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world.
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Garuti, Giorgio, Massimo Oddone et José Torres-Ruiz. « Platinum-group-element distribution in subcontinental mantle : evidence from the Ivrea Zone (Italy) and the Betic – Rifean cordillera (Spain and Morocco) ». Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no 4 (1 avril 1997) : 444–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-037.
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The six platinum-group elements (PGE's) Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd and Au were analyzed by instrumental neutron-activation analysis after nickel sulfide fire assay, in peridotites and dyke rocks from the orogenic ultramafic massifs of the Ivrea Zone in the Italian western Alps (Baldissero, Balmuccia, Finero) and the Betico–Rifean cordillera in southern Spain and northern Morocco (Ronda, Beni Bousera). The peridotites are considered as variably depleted, and reenriched low lithosphere, whereas the dyke rocks represent polybaric derivatives of basaltic melts (pyroxenites and gabbros), most coming from the underlying asthenosphere. The peridotites have total PGE content in the range 8.6–54.7 ppb, while mantle-normalized patterns generally grade from nearly flat and PGE rich, in less depleted lherzolites, to negative and PGE poor, in residual harzburgites and dunites. Dyke rocks have total PGE's in the range 5.4 – 250 ppb and positive mantle-normalized patterns. Negative anomalies of Ir – Pt are frequently observed in dykes, indicating that both metals were probably retained in the mantle source of these melts. Most of the peridotites display positive anomaly of Au, and in some case are enriched in Ru, Rh, and Pd, but exhibit the same negative anomalies in Ir and Pt as the dykes. These features are ascribed to reintroduction of noble metals into the residual mantle by reaction with the basaltic melts that generated the dykes, or alternatively by recycling of "dyke material" during further partial melting of the host mantle. The role of the sulfide phase as carrier of the recycled PGE is stressed by clear interelemental correlation in peridotites from the Ivrea Zone. Present data provide evidence that zones of PGE enrichment can origin; this way in the subcontinental mantle, and may constitute a potential reservoir for noble metal fertile volcanism in continental rift systems.
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Bianchi, R., R. Casacchia, A. Coradini, A. M. Duncan, J. E. Guest, A. Kahle, P. Lanciano, D. C. Pieri et M. Poscolieri. « Remote sensing of Italian volcanos ». Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 71, no 46 (1990) : 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90eo00345.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Italian Volcanism"
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Romano, Pierdomenico. « The ground deformations : tools, methods and application to some Italian volcanic regions ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/332.
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2010 - 2011The objective of this thesis is the study of slow deformation of the soil as a result of intrusion of magma inside the magmatic chambers of some volcanoes located in Southern Italy. In particular, the Mt. Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei caldera have been monitored over the last 7 years. The research has been accomplished through the use of geodetic instrumentation (long baseline tiltmeters, Sacks-Evertson dilatometers) that has been installed during the entire period of the research near the aforementioned volcanoes. The data were recorded with the aid of data-logger, some of which are specifically designed for the current research. Campi Flegrei and Mt. Vesuvius are two volcanoes located near Naples, already monitored by Osservatorio Vesuviano, the local office of INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia). In the last 40 years systematic recordings of seismic data, of changes in distance of milestones, of leveling lines, of local gravimetric anomalies and of GPS-InSAR data have been carried out. Starting from 2004, the monitoring network maintained by Osservatorio Vesuviano has been enriched by the DINEV project: this is intended as a complementary network of geodetic stations and consists in the installation of a small array of 6 borehole stations (with an average depth of 120 m), each of which is constituted by a three components borehole broadband seismometer Teledyne Geotech KS2000BH and a Sacks-Evertson areal strainmeter (dilatometer). In addition, two three components surface broadband seismometers Guralp CMG 3-ESP have been installed to control the anthropogenic surface noise. In Campi Flegrei caldera, then, another array of instruments has been installed: two long baseline water tiltmeters have been installed in Italian Army abandoned tunnels. The total length of tiltmeters is about 350 m for the northernmost tunnel, and of about 150 m for the southernmost tunnel. Tiltmeters were installed, respectively, in axial and tangential direction in respect with the position of the Campi Flegrei magmatic chamber. The use of the instruments described in the current report allows to model the strain field in the range of low frequencies, monitoring the deformation tensor for its non-diagonal components (pure tilt) by using the tiltmeters, and the diagonal components (pure deformation) by using the dilatometers. The monitoring is occurred for a time range of some years in length, needed to remove the seasonal drifts due to changes in rainfalls, while the deformation due to changes in barometric pressure have been deleted using linear regression techniques. [edited by author]
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Carrazana, Di Lucia Ariana. « El volcanismo calcoalcalino y peralcalino del suroeste de Cerdeña (Italia) y mineralizaciones asociadas ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672411.
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El volcanismo oligo-mioceno del Sulcis, SO de Cerdeña (Italia) presenta la particularidad de contener rocas peralcalinas y alcalinas de un ambiente geodinámico anorogénico posterior a la actividad orogénica relacionada con la subducción de una placa oceánica durante la migración antihoraria del bloque Sardo-Corso y la sincrónica creación de la cuenca Liguro-Provençal. La geocronología 40Ar/39Ar (feldespatos), marca el final de la actividad magmática calcoalcalina a 16.18±0.04 Ma (Burdigaliense) y el inicio del episodio anorogénico a 15.96±0.04 Ma (Langhiniense inferior). La duración del evento peralcalino fue de 350 ka según edades U-Pb en zircones. El volcanismo del Sulcis está relacionado con una caldera elíptica de 30x20 km con su eje mayor de dirección NE-SO, de tipo depresión volcano-tectónica de apertura gradual, relacionada con esfuerzos transcurrentes senestrales a través de lineamientos tectónicos regionales paralelos a la Fosa Sarda. Un modelamiento geológico 3D en el Entroterra Sulcitano permitió calcular 21 km3 de flujos ignimbríticos eruptados en un período de ~1.5 Ma. Se estima que el volumen eruptivo en todo el SO de Cerdeña se aproxima a 100 km3, constituyendo una de las mayores calderas del Mediterráneo Occidental. Importantes mineralizaciones de Mn (Fe-Ba) de origen volcánico-hidrotermal están controladas estructuralmente por la intersección de fallas radiales con el sistema de anillos de la caldera. Una cartografía detallada en San Pietro, Sant’Antioco y el Entroterra Sulcitano, permitió dividir una secuencia de ~1300 m de rocas ígneas dómicas, lávicas y piroclásticas en 7 series volcánicas con 25 unidades y 42 subunidades compuestas por andesitas, traquiandesitas, riolitas, comenditas y pantelleritas. Importantes evidencias de vulcanismo submarino se presentan en la Isla de San Pietro en un ambiente marcado por actividad magmático-hidrotermal al final de la serie riolítica media (MRH) y la serie comendítica inferior (LCO). Esta actividad tectono-magmático-hidrotermal es más importante en San Pietro, entre Macchione y Cala Fico, a lo largo de una falla E-O radial a la caldera, con un depósito tipo SEDEX proximal intercalado entre las unidades de Montagna di Capo Rosso y Matzaccara, compuesto por óxidos de Mn, jaspes y ocres que corresponden con el primer sistema mineralizado genéticamente relacionado con el colapso de la caldera, cambio en las condiciones locales del nivel del mar, reactivación de fallas que limitan horst y grabens y circulación de fluidos de origen magmáticos y marino. Este sistema hidrotermal está activo en la parte superior de la serie MRH durante ~10 ka. Un segundo sistema hidrotermal se produce con la erupción de las primeras unidades comendíticas de la serie LCO, también en un ambiente con influencia marina y mineralizaciones de Mn-Fe de tipo hidrotermal-epigenético que ocurren ~220 ka después del primer evento. Mineralizaciones menores de Mn suceden durante la erupción de la unidad Monte Ulmus en San Pietro y Sant’Antioco, y en las unidades Punta Mingosa y Post-Calasetta, principalmente asociados con zonas de blisters donde precipitan óxidos de Fe y se produce argilización y silicificación intensa. Los blisters en las unidades superiores de la secuencia indican un período de desgasificación importante de la cámara magmática en los estadios terminales del magmatismo del Sulcis. La geoquímica isotópica de elementos radiogénicos (Sr-Nd-Pb) muestra que la cuña mantélica implicada en la generación de rocas andesíticas y riolíticas del ambiente orogénico tienen mezcla de componentes DMM+EM1, mientras que los magmas peralcalinos y los previos (MRH) presentan una fuerte señal del componente EM2. El estudio comparado de elementos traza y radiogénicos (87Sr/86Sr vs. Zr/Nb) muestra un enriquecimiento en la isotopía de Sr a medida que los magmas peralcalinos evolucionan por cristalización fraccionada, esto permite trazar los aportes de magmas menos evolucionados que llegan sucesivamente, mostrando una señal mantélica de mayor profundidad, desencadenado las erupciones.The Oligo-Miocene volcanism from SW Sardinia (Italy) presents peralkaline and alkaline rocks of an anorogenic geodynamic environment erupted after the orogenic magmatism. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology marks the end of the calc-alkaline magmatic activity at 16.18±0.04 Ma and the beginning of the anorogenic episode at 15.96±0.04 Ma. The Sulcis volcanism related to a 30x20 km piecemeal elliptical caldera with a NE-SW direction major axis was formed in a sinistral transtensional regimen. A 3D modeling on Sulcis Mainland provides 21 km3 of ignimbrite flows erupted in ~1.5 Ma (in all likelihood 100 km3 for the whole caldera). Significant Mn mineralizations of volcanic-hydrothermal origin are controlled by the intersection of radial faults with the caldera ring system. Detailed mapping in Sulcis region shows a sequence of ~1300 m (domes, lavas and pyroclastic flows) in 7 volcanic series (25 units and 42 subunits from andesites to peralkaline rhyolites). On San Pietro Island, evidence of submarine volcanism is shown in an environment marked by magmatic-hydrothermal activity at the end of the middle rhyolitic (MRH) and the lower comenditic (LCO) series. This tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal activity is more important between Macchione and Cala Fico area, along a radial E-W fault, with respect to the caldera ring. In this context, there is a vent-proximal Sedex type deposit with Mn oxides, jaspers and ochres. This deposit corresponds to the first mineralized system genetically related to the caldera collapse, along with changes in sea level local conditions, faults reactivation limiting horst and grabens, and fluids circulation of magmatic and marine origin. This hydrothermal system is active on top of the MRH series for ~10 ka. A second event is produced by the eruption of the first comenditic units in the LCO series, also in a marine-influenced and hydrothermal-epigenetic Mn-Fe mineralization environment, ~220 ka after the first event. Minor hydrothermal mineralizations occur during the eruption of the Monte Ulmus unit in San Pietro and Sant'Antioco. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes show a magma generation starting by DMM+EM1 that evolves to an EM2 component at MRH and peralkaline rocks. The 87Sr/86Sr vs. Zr/Nb relation shows radiogenic Sr isotopes enrichment as peralkaline magmas evolve by fractional crystallization.
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Albert, Paul Graham. « Volcanic glass geochemistry of Italian proximal deposits linked to distal archives in the central Mediterranean region ». Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588304.
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Distal tephrochronology relies on the synchronous dispersal and deposition of volcanic ash or tephra (i.e. < 2mm) from explosive volcanic eruptions (Plinian/sub-Plinian). Tephrochronology correlates tephra layers to proximal source volcanic eruptions, where proximal age is well constrained, allowing tephra layers to be used as robust age markers. Tephras layers are recorded in a variety of distal environmental archives, thus tephrochronology provides an independent time framework for interpreting palaeoenvironmental proxies in marine and lacustrine cores. Tephrochronology is dependant on precise correlations of distal glass geochemistries with proximal source volcanics. Proximal volcanic deposits have been subject to detailed sampling and glass analyses revealing spatial and temporal changes III magmatic compositions during individual eruptions. Geochemical 'fingerprints' have been determined for Italian explosive proximal deposits using electron probe micro analysis (EMPA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Presented are detailed volcanic glass major, minor and trace element compositions for proximal deposits outcropping on the Aeolian Islands, Mount Etna and Ischia. These proximal glass compositions are used to test proximal-distal correlations, . linking visible and crypto-tephra layers from marine (Tyrrbenian, Ionian and Adriatic \ Seas) and lacustrine (Lago Grande di Monticchio, Italy) cores to their volcanic source. Combined major, minor and trace element charcterisation of proximal and distal glasses has valdiated the provenance and age of numerous distal tephra layers. Precise tephra correlations have allowed for the exchange of tephrochronological information over wide geogrpahical distances (up to 800 km). Correlations based solely on major element analyses can be erroneous due to repeated chemistries produced at many of the volcanic centres investigated. Trace element concentrations enable the identification of additional diagnostic features nessesary for distinguishing tephras produced from a single volcanic centre. However, in some instances volcanic systems repeatedly produce glass geochemistries that are indistinguishable at a multi-element level demonstrating the importance of good strati graphic control distally when assigning procvenance. Some tephras identified in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Marsili basin) have no currently identified proximal counterparts. This research demonstrates that proximal stratigraphies are not always fully representative of event stratigraphies due to resurgent activity and in the case of volcanic islands flank collapse and limited on-land deposits.
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Tufano, Antonella. « Les paysages volcaniques : les mythes, la science, l'art ». Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0097.
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Calvagna, Simona. « I paesaggi viventi : presenze laviche dentro la citta di Catania ». Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010543.
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L'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser le rapport entre la ville de Catane et son sol de lave conservé à l'état naturel. A partir de la notion de paysage et dans la limite des seules théories françaises, la recherche aboutit à l'introduction du concept de paysage vivant. L'investigation porte, d'une part, sur la dimension biophysique de la réalité, avec un relevé cartographique des actuelles présences de lave dans la ville ; elle procède, d'autre part, à l'observation des relations possibles entre la lave urbaine et la population catanaise. Ces relations sont divisées en " élitaires ", lorsqu'on considère quelques exemples de représentation (artistique, littéraire, etc. ) du paysage volcanique, ou bien en " ordinaires ", lorsqu'une enquête de type qualitatif est conduite auprès de la population urbaine. Ces relations sont examinées dans leur double dimension, matérielle et immatérielle, à travers une analyse qui traduit en termes opératifs l'ambigui͏̈té du concept de paysage.
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Gasperini, Daniela. « Geochimie et geodynamique du volcanisme recent en toscane et dans le latium (italie centrale) ». Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0176.
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Les compositions isotopiques des laves basaltiques plio-pleistocenes et quaternaires des provinces toscanes, romaines, du vesuve, des iles eoliennes et du bassin ibleen se placent parfaitement sur des hyperboles de melange dans l'espace 87sr/86sr, 206pb/204pb, hf et nd. Les compositions isotopiques des poles purs de ces melanges ont ete calcules par une methode de moindre carres. Le pole mantellique est lui-meme un melange homogene de composants himu et dm. Le composant crustal explique l'enrichissement des produits volcaniques italiens en k et autres ions lithophiles. Les relations dans l'espace hf-nd et la valeur du rapport hf/sm inferieure a la valeur chondritique indiquent que ce composant crustal est domine par des sediments pelagiques plutot que terrigenes. La rarete de laves calco-alcalines et la presence d'un composant himu conduisent a s'interroger sur la possibilite d'un volcanisme de plume en domaine de subduction. Il y a 13 ma, la formation des apennins a conduit la plaque adriatique subductant vers l'ouest sous la marge europeenne. La direction de convergence a alors tourne vers le nord-ouest. Le differentiel de subduction entre la plaque fossile situee sous la toscane et la plaque active situee sous la sicile depuis l'ouverture de la mer tyrrhenienne est de l'ordre de 300 km. Cette valeur est suffisante pour etirer la plaque plongeante et ouvrir une fenetre de la plaque subductee est a l'origine du volcanisme mafique italien. Le composant crustal est probablement acquis par l'interaction entre le manteau passant au travers de la fenetre et la partie superieure de la plaque subductee.
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Paterne, Martine. « Reconstruction de l'activité explosive des volcans de l'Italie du Sud par téphrochronologie marine ». Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112104.
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L’étude de téphrochronologie et de stratigraphie isotopique de 5 carottages, prélevés en mer Tyrrhénienne et mer Adriatique a permis d’obtenir une reconstitution détaillée de l’activité explosive des volcans du sud de l’Italie, et particulièrement de ceux de la province Campanienne au cours des 150 000 dernières années. L’association de quelques tephra marins avec les formations terrestres homologues, datées par ailleurs, a permis de dater avec précision les variations isotopiques de l’oxygène des Foraminifères pour les 60 000 dernières années. Plusieurs épisodes d’activité volcanique ont été reconnus en Italie. Ils apparaissent de façon aléatoire au cours des 150 000 dernières années. Cependant, la comparaison de l’activité volcanique de la province italienne avec celles d’autres zones volcaniques montre qu’elles ont une période commune de calme relatif située vers 15 000 – 17 000 ans. La comparaison des variations climatiques et de l’activité volcanique montre qu’à l’échelle de plusieurs milliers d’années, l’augmentation de l’activité volcanique n’a pas d’influence sur le climat, et ne peut donc induire les périodes glaciairesThe tephrochronological study, together with oxygen isotope stratigraphy of 5 cores, collected in the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas allows a detailed reconstruction of the explosive activity of the south Italian volcanoes, especially those of the Campanian province, during the past 150,000 years. Some marine tephra-layers were correlated to dated terrestrial deposits, which permits the dating of the oxygen isotope fluctuations during the past 60,000 years. Several volcanic pulses were recognized during the past 150,000 years without any recognizable periodicities. Nevertheless, the comparisons of the Italian volcanic activity with that of theirs volcanic areas show a common quiet period around 15,000 – 17,000 years. Analyses of the volcanic and paleoclimatic variations show that within a scale of thousand years, the increase of volcanism has no climatic effect, and cannot trigger the glacial advances
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Léocat, Erell. « Histoire éruptive des volcans du secteur occidental des Iles Eoliennes (sud de la mer Tyrrhénienne, Italie) et évolution temporelle du magmatisme ». Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112343.
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Les Iles Eoliennes se construisent sur la marge nord du socle calabro-péloritain dans un contexte de convergence entre les plaques africaine et européenne. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux volcans du secteur occidental des Iles Eoliennes. Ils contiennent une large gamme de magmas typiques des zones de convergence, allant des séries calco-alcalines (CA) aux séries potassiques (KS) en passant par les séries CA riches en potassium (HKCA) et les séries shoshonitiques (SHO). Ces magmas sont émis en moins de 300 ka, ce qui atteste de la complexité de l'évolution volcano tectonique de la province. Trente sept nouvelles données géochronologiques, combinées à une analyse géochimique de soixante treize échantillons et une étude géomorphologique nous ont permis de contraindre l'évolution temporelle du magmatisme et des structures morphologiques. Avant 180 ka, les volcans de Filicudi, Salina et Lipari ont une activité émergée et les magmas émis appartiennent principalement aux séries CA, avec quelques magmas HKCA à Lipari. Après 120-130 ka, les volcans d'Alicudi et Vulcano se construisent aux extrémités Ouest et Sud de l'archipel. Les magmas d'Alicudi sont les plus primitifs de l'archipel. Vulcano et Lipari émettent des magmas HKCA et SHO, alors que des magmas CA sont produits à Filicudi et Salina. Apres 40 ka, Filicudi émet des magmas mafiques HKCA ; Alicudi et Salina des magmas CA ; et Lipari et Vulcano des produits SHO. A l'échelle de l'arc, des variations majeures du chimisme des magmas ont lieu vers 120 et 40 ka et seraient liées à des changements régionaux. A l'échelle locale, l'évolution des magmas est plus complexe et reflète différents processus spécifiques à chaque volcanThe Aeolian Islands arc is a complex volcanic province located on the continental margin of the Calabro-Peloritan basement. It emplaced in a geodynamic setting linked to the convergence of African and European plates. In this study, we focused on the western volcanoes of Aeolian Archipelago. They contain the range of geochemical compositions typical of convergence settings, from calc-alkaline (CA) to shoshonitic series (SHO) through high-K CA (HKCA). These magmas were emitted in a short span time of less than 300 ka that attests to the complexity of the volcano-tectonic evolution of this province. We report on thirty seven new geochronological data, on seventy three new geochemical data and on geomorphological analysis to study the temporal evolution of magmatism and of morphological structures. Before 180 ka, only Filicudi, Salina and Lipari volcanoes had emerged activity and emitted CA magmas, with minor HKCA products at Lipari. After 120-130 ka, Alicudi and Vulcano volcanoes emerged simultaneously to the western and southern extremities of the archipelago. Alicudi magmas have the more primitive composition. SHO and HKCA products were emitted on Lipari and Vulcano, while only CA magmas were emplaced on Filicudi and Salina. After 40 ka, Filicudi emitted mafic HKCA magmas while Alicudi and Salina emitted mainly CA magmas. Products of SHO affinity were emplaced at Lipari and Vulcano. At the scale of the archipelago, two main magma composition changes occurred around 120 and 40 ka that would have been caused by regional changes. At the scale of a single volcano, the magmatic evolution is more complex reflecting different processes specific to each volcano
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Caron, Benoît. « Contribution of distal ash deposits to the knowledge of explosive activity of Italian volcanoes insights for hazard zonation ». Paris 11, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00545633.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En plus de la destruction des sites à proximités des volcans, l'accumulation de cendres volcaniques dans les zones distales peut causer de graves dommages. De plus l'évaluation de ces dangers n'est pas pleinement prise en compte dans les plans de mitigation actuels. L'étude de la dispersion des retombées pyroclastiques produites par les éruptions explosives des volcans Italiens lors du Quaternaire est le sujet de cette thèse. L'étude tephrostratigraphique de trois carottes lacustres des lacs de Shkodra et Ohrid (Albanie) et d'une carotte marine du Nord de la mer Ionienne a été réalisée. Dix-sept niveaux de tephra ont été corrélés aux éruptions explosives de A. D. 472, Avellino (3. 9 cal. Ka BP) du Vésuve, Monte Pilato (A. D. 1200), Gabellotto-Fiumebianco (8. 6 cal ka BP) et Monte Guardia (22 ka BP) de l'île de Lipari, FL (3. 4 cal. Ka BP) de l'Etna, Astroni (4. 2 cal. Ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (4. 5 cal. Ka BP), Agnano Pomici Principali (12. 3 cal. Ka BP), SMP1-Y3 (31 ka) et l'Ignimbrite Campanienne-Y5 (39 ka) des Champs Phlégréens, X6 (107 ka) de la région Campanienne, et de P11 (131 ka) de l'île de Pantelleria. Cinq autres niveaux de tephra possèdent la composition que les dépôts de l'éruption vésuvienne de Mercato. Cela suggère une activité explosive entre les éruptions pliniennes de Mercato (8. 9 cal ka BP) et Avellino (3. 9 cal ka BP). Toutes ces données ont été intégrées, avec les données préexistantes de la littérature, dans la banque de données d'un SIG. Cette banque de données couplée à un SIG permet de grandement améliorer les dispersions des cendres et représente un outil qui améliore la mitigation des risques volcaniques dans la région centrale de la MéditerranéeIn addition to the destruction of the sites close to the volcanoes, the accumulation of volcanic ash in distal zones can cause serious damages but the evaluation of the related hazard is not fully addressed in present day mitigation plans. The dispersion study joined with the physical and geochemical characterization, of distal pyroclastics deposits produced by explosive eruption of Italian volcanoes during late Quaternary was the focus of this PhD project. The distal deposits were investigated through the tephrostratigraphic study of three lacustrine cores from Lake Shkodra and Lake Ohrid (Albania), and one marine core from the northern Ionian Sea. Seventeen tephra layers were correlated with explosive eruptions of A. D. 472, Avellino (3. 9 cal. Ka BP) from Somma-Vesuvius, Monte Pilato (A. D. 1200), Gabellotto-Fiumebianco (8. 6 cal ka BP) and Monte Guardia (22 ka BP) from Lipari Island, FL (3. 4 cal. Ka BP) from Mount Etna, Astroni (4. 2 cal. Ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (4. 5 cal. Ka BP), Agnano Pomici Principali (12. 3 cal. Ka BP), SMP1-Y3 (31 ka) and Campanian Ignimbrite-Y5 (39 ka) from Phlegrean Fields, X6 (107 ka) from Campanian, P11 tephra layer (131 ka) from Pantelleria Island. Five other tephra layers have the Mercato deposit composition from Somma-Vesuvius. This suggests the occurrence of interplinian activity between the eruptions of Mercato (8. 9 cal ka BP) and Avellino (3. 9 cal ka BP). All the data were collated into a GIS and integrated with literature data. This data-base implemented in a GIS environment allows a significant improvement of the ash dispersal and represents an useful tool for the improvement of volcanic hazard mitigation in Central Mediterranean area
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Gisbert, Pinto Guillem. « The Miocene volcanism of the Sulcis area (SW Sardinia, Italy) : Petrology, petrogenesis and geodynamic significance ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84110.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the Cenozoic the western Mediterranean area underwent a complex geodynamic evolution driven by the interaction between the African and Eurasian plates. The Corsica- Sardinia microplate played a central role in this evolution, which was recorded by its tectonic evolution and volcanism. During Oligo-Miocene the roll-back of the NW-wards subducting ,Apulian subduction zone caused the Corsica-Sardinia microplate to detach, drift and rotate from the European continental margin to its present position, opening the Liguro-Provençal Basin and generating abundant subduction-related calc-alkaline orogenic volcanism. After a 6 Ma-long pause in retreat, subsequent evolution of the roll-back since Pliocene left Sardinia in its current position as the trench retreated SE-ward opening the southern Tyrrhenian basin. Extensional tectonics related to this opening produced in Sardinia the generation of abundant anorogenic alkaline volcanism.
In the Sulcis area, in SW Sardinia, a special volcanic suite was produced which began sharing the same calc-alkaline characteristics as the rest of the subduction-related volcanism throughout Sardinia, forming an andesitic lava domes and flows piling, but that later migrated to different compositions, mildly alkaline, including the rarely occurring peralkaline volcanism, which formed a mainly rhyolitic ignimbritic succession. In spite of the marked differences of the Sulcis magmatism, this special volcanic suite was considered to be only one more manifestation of the widespread subduction-generated orogenic volcanism of Sardinia. The present work has, at least partially, solved this situation.
A thorough and detailed study of the Sulcis Oligo-Miocene volcanic suite has been carried out in this study involving the revision of the available data on volcanostratigraphy and cartography and the characterization of the geochemistry, petrography and mineral chemistry of the several units present in this suite, which has allowed us to obtain significant information on the petrogenesis of this suite and its geodynamic significance.
As a result of the field and laboratory work all units have been characterised from the volcanostratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical point of view.
A methodology for unit recognition based on whole rock geochemistry has been developed, which has been a fundamental tool for solving volcanostratigraphic and mapping doubts during the development of this work, and remains a powerful tool for future studies.
The study of the whole rock geochemistry data has allowed us to obtain significant information on the generation of the magmas that formed the Sulcis volcanic suite and its geodynamic significance, and combination with petrographic observations has provided valuable information on the evolution of these magmas from its formation to its eruption.
Isotope and trace element data have revealed the structure of the mantle beneath Sardinia, which is diffusely stratified with an upper part with an EMI signature and a lower more EARlike region, both of them having an OIB mantle source-like composition. Subduction during Oligo-Miocene released into the mantle wedge hydrous fluids and partial melts carrying sediment and MORB isotope and trace element compositions, which metasomatised this mantle, introducing mostly into the more EAR-like mantle a subduction signature.
The Oligo-Miocene orogenic magmas in Sardinia, including the andesitic lower sequence in the Sulcis, were produced in the subduction-modified more EAR-like mantle portion by lowering of the melting temperature due to the input of subduction fluids. Magmas from the ignimbritic sequence in the Sulcis, though, are considered to represent a transition from orogenic to anorogenic magmatism. It is suggested that the transition was due to a change in the melting mechanism from fluid- to extension-controlled, related to the cessation in the subduction influence below the Sulcis. The mechanism proposed to explain the contemporaneous occurrence of both orogenic and anorogenic magmatisms in Sardinia during the emplacement of the Sulcis ignimbritic suite is the formation of a slab break-off which started south of Sardinia and progressed northward opening a slab window.
The ignimbritic sequence in the Sulcis was formed by the arrival and differentiation of several magma batches with slightly different initial compositions, apparently at least one for each unit except for Lenzu and Seruci units, which formed by evolution of the magma that generated the immediately preceding units. Magma differentiation was dominated by crystal fractionation processes, which produced similar evolutionary trends, assimilation having a very small effect only appreciable in Pb isotopes.Durant l’Oligo-Miocè el funcionament en roll-back de la subducció sota el marge continental europeu de l’oest Mediterrani va provocar el desenganxament de la microplaca Sard-Corsa d’aquest marge i la seva migració primer amb una translació cap al SE i posteriorment amb una rotació en sentit antihorari fins a assolir la seva posició actual. Associada a aquest desplaçament es va produir l’obertura de la conca Liguro-Provençal en posició de back-arc. Com a resultat de la subducció es va produir abundant magmatisme calco-alcalí d’afinitat orogènica a l’illa de Sardenya. A la zona del Sulcis, al SW de Sardenya, el magmatisme va compartir inicialment les mateixes característiques que la resta del magmatisme sard, formant un apilament de doms i colades làviques de composicions andesítiques. Però cap als estadis finals del cicle magmàtic, els magmes generats van migrar de composició, donant lloc a un apilament d’unitats ignimbrítiques amb composicions majoritàriament riolítiques de transicionals a lleugerament alcalines. Malgrat la marcada diferència composicional entre la seqüència ignimbrítica del Sulcis i la resta del magmatisme Oligo-Miocè sard, aquesta va ser considerada com un exemple més d’aquest magmatisme. Per resoldre en part aquesta situació s’ha realitzat aquesta tesi. En aquest estudi s’ha revisat la seqüència vulcanoestratigràfica descrita així com les cartografies existents per tal de realitzar un mostreig sistemàtic de la seqüència ignimbrítica. L’estudi de les mostres recollides ha permès caracteritzar totes les unitats que formen la seqüència des del punt de vista de petrogràfic i geoquímic. Les dades obtingudes han permès desenvolupar una metodologia per al reconeixement de les unitats ignimbrítiques en base a la geoquímica de roca total, així com abordar l’estudi de la petrogènesi d’aquesta associació magmàtica. S’ha obtingut informació sobre l’àrea font dels magmes, que ha pogut ser caracteritzada, sobre els mecanismes de formació dels magmes estudiats i el seu significat geodinàmic, i sobre els processos que van controlar l’evolució dels magmes des de la seva formació fins a la seva expulsió en superfície en forma de materials volcànics.
Livres sur le sujet "Italian Volcanism"
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Cerbai, Ilaria. BIBV : Bibliography of historic activity on Italian volcanoes. Pisa : Istituto di geocronologia e geochimica isotopica, 1996.
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1945-, Collura Matteo, et Museo archeologico regionale di Agrigento., dir. Tufo. Agrigento [Italy] : Centro culturale Pier Paolo Pasolini, 1997.
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Pompeya : [año 79 d.C Faltan 48 horas para la catástrofe]. México : Debolsillo, 2005.
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Italian Volcanoes (Classic Geology in Europe). Terra Publishing (UK), 2001.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Italian Volcanism"
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Pingue, F., et R. Scarpa. « Ground Deformation Monitoring and Modelling at Some Italian Volcanoes : Vesuvio, Lipari-Vulcano and Campi Flegrei ». Dans Modeling of Volcanic Processes, 94–106. Wiesbaden : Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-89414-4_4.
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Belkin, Harvey E., et Tom Gidwitz. « The contributions and influence of two Americans, Henry S. Washington and Frank A. Perret, to the study of Italian volcanism with emphasis on volcanoes in the Naples area ». Dans Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, and Campanian Volcanism, 9–32. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816454-9.00002-x.
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Conticelli, Sandro, Richard W. Carlson, Elisabeth Widom et Giancarlo Serri. « Chemical and isotopic composition (Os, Pb, Nd, and Sr) of Neogene to Quaternary calc-alkalic, shoshonitic, and ultrapotassic mafic rocks from the Italian peninsula : Inferences on the nature of their mantle sources ». Dans Cenozoic Volcanism in the Mediterranean Area. Geological Society of America, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.2418(09).
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Roberts, Neil, et Jane Reed. « Lakes, Wetlands, and Holocene Environmental Change ». Dans The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Mediterranean regions of the world are defined on the basis of their climate, with a distinct hot, dry summer season and a warm, wet winter (Grove and Rackham 2001; Chapter 3). Spring and autumn seasons are less well defined but often contribute significantly to annual precipitation. Strictly defined in this way, the Mediterranean region is confined to parts of Italy, Greece, southern France, the south and east of Spain (non-Atlantic climate), the Maghreb and Cyrenaica in North Africa, and narrow coastal strips running through the Balkans, southern and western Turkey, and the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, and Israel-Palestine). Outside these areas, climate becomes humid temperate (western Europe, Black Sea), arid (Sahara, northern Arabia), or continental (interior areas of the Balkans, Turkey and Iberia, the Zagros mountains of Iran/Iraq). Even within the strict definition are found subalpine mountain zones, so it is a difficult study region to demarcate absolutely. In a similar vein to the volume by Zolitschka et al. (2000), this chapter extends the scope to important wetlands in some neighbouring regions, and deals effectively with the circum-Mediterranean. Thus, we include lakes Ohrid and Dojran in the Balkans, wetlands of the continental interior of Turkey, north-western Iran and the Caucasus (e.g. Lakes Van, Urmia, and Sevan), the climatically dry Jordan rift valley which includes the Dead Sea, and the subalpine northern Italian lakes such as Como and Maggiore. The Mediterranean basin is geologically complex and has its origin in the progressive closure of the Sea of Tethys during the Tertiary (Laubscher and Bernoulli 1977). Plate convergence between Africa and Eurasia led to a major phase of orogenesis and the creation of fold mountains including the Atlas, Sierra Nevada, Alps, Apennines, and Taurus, and to plateau uplift in Iberia and Anatolia (Chapter 1). These mountain ranges are commonly dominated by massively deformed Mesozoic limestones that now form karst landscapes (e.g. Dinaric Alps; Ager 1980; Chapter 10). Tectonic movement also led to extensive late Cenozoic volcanism, notably in southern and central Italy, the Hellenic arc, Anatolia, and around the Jordan rift (Chapter 15).
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Greco, Giovanni. « Wine and Poetry : Translating Tony Harrison in Italy ». Dans New Light on Tony Harrison, 163–74. British Academy, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266519.003.0014.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tony Harrison has always had a deep connection with Italy and Italian poets, above all Naples and Leopardi. The article tries to show that Harrison’s sentence ‘it’s all poetry to me, whether it is for the printed page, or for reading aloud, or for the theatre, or the opera house, or concert hall, or even for television’ can be read as ‘it’s all translation to me’. The main idea is that translation works as the volcanic wine, Falanghina, disaster-nourished’, which transforms the lava of Vesuvius into a tasteful wine as described in Harrison's poem Piazza Sannazzaro. The process of translating from Latin and Greek or from other modern languages seems to equate, for Harrison, with the general process of creation either in a positive or in a negative sense. Translating, like poetry, is at the same time impossible and necessary, cannibalisation/Calibanisation of the original text (the case of The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus) and negotiation with the ruina of ‘the fleeting life’ represented by the Volcano, in order to find a new-ancient voice, the half-pissed poet-translator’s voice, that always sounds political, contains a public, even hectoring relevance (the case, among many others, of The Krieg Anthology).
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Italian Volcanism"
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BERNINI, R., R. GRAVINA, A. MINARDO, L. ZENI, Z. PETRILLO, M. PIOCHI et R. SCARPA. « LONG-TERM TEMPERATURE MONITORING OF ACTIVE VOLCANIC AREAS BY DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS ». Dans Proceedings of the 13th Italian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812835987_0057.
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De Vito, S., E. Massera, L. Quercia et G. Di Francia. « In-Situ monitoring of Volcanic Gases at Solfatara crater with hybrid e-nose ». Dans Proceedings of the 11th Italian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793393_0065.
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Amici, S., L. Merucci, S. Pugnaghi et S. Corradini. « On ground Italian volcanic area spectral characterization for the calibration/validation of remote sensing data ». Dans Remote Sensing, sous la direction de Roland Meynart, Steven P. Neeck et Haruhisa Shimoda. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.688148.
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Weibring, P., T. Lindström, H. Edner, S. Svanberg, T. Caltabiano, G. Cecchi et L. Pantani. « Assessment of the total emission of sulphur dioxide from Italian volcanoes in simultaneous shipborne measurements using lidar, doas and correlation spectroscopy ». Dans The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cmi4.
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Volcanoes contribute substantial amounts of sulphur dioxide to the global atmosphere, and thus reliable measurements are needed for an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural and antropogenic emissions. Normally, gas correlation measurements based on COSPEC instruments are performed, observing in ground-based traverses the spectral imprint of the gas in the spectrum of the down-welling ambient radiation. However, because of complicated scattering conditions above, within and below the volcanic plume, data are complex. The differential optical absorption spectroscopy (doas) technique works in a similar way but also provides the full spectrum for detailed analysis. The lidar technique, being an active remote sensing technique, provides more well-defined measurement conditions. Field tests have been performed using the research vessel "Urania", where scans under the plumes from the Italian volcanoes Etna, Stromboli and Volcano were performed. Three cruises were made, where the last one, in August 1997, provided the most complete and accurate data.
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Felli, Ferdinando, Antonio Paolozzi, Cristian Vendittozzi et Claudio Paris. « Smart Disaster Mitigation in Italy : A Brief Overview on the State of the Art ». Dans ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7631.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Italy is notoriously exposed to several natural hazards, from hydrological to volcanic and, above all, to seismic activity that affects a large part of the national territory. Historically the devastating effects of tsunamis have also been recorded, despite the peninsula is confined in the Mediterranean basin (i.e. Messina earthquake in 1908, and more recent the activity of the undersea volcano “Marsili”). Since Italy is particularly exposed to such hazards, many research institutions are involved in campaigns about monitoring, prevention and mitigation of the effects of such phenomena, with the aim to secure and protect human lives, and secondly, the remarkable cultural heritage. The present paper will first make a brief excursus on the main Italian research projects aimed at the mitigation of environmental disasters, referring to projects of national and international relevance, being implemented, such as the MOSE (for the containment of the tides and of high water, for the preservation of cultural and artistic heritage of Venice and of the entire ecosystem of the lagoon); the research in earthquake-resistant structures performed for instance by ENEA and finally the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) program of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), which has among its purposes the environmental monitoring and surveillance applications for the management of exogenous, endogenous and anthropogenic risks. Furthermore in the paper, it will be described some new ideas concerning the use of smart materials and structures capable of self-monitoring and self-diagnosis of the risk of failure and adapting itself to environmental condition variations, in order to avoid catastrophic effects, thanks to an integrated network of sensors and actuators.
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Buongiorno, Maria Fabrizia, Massimo Musacchio, Malvina Silvestri, Claudia Spinetti, Stefano Corradini, Valerio Lombardo, Luca Merucci et al. « ASI-Sistema Rischio Vulcanico SRV : a pilot project to develop EO data processing modules and products for volcanic activity monitoring based on Italian Civil Protection Department requirements and needs ». Dans Remote Sensing, sous la direction de Manfred Ehlers et Ulrich Michel. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.752655.
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