Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Italia 1940-1945 »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Italia 1940-1945"
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Müller, Thomas, et Uta Kanis-Seyfried. « Implicaciones transnacionales en la historia de la psiquiatría : la reubicación de pacientes de Tirol del sur (Italia) en instituciones psiquiátricas alemanas, 1940-1945 ». Asclepio 68, no 2 (7 décembre 2016) : 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2016.32.
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El objeto de este trabajo es investigar el destino de un grupo de pacientes psiquiátricos ingresados en asilos de Württemberg (Alemania) durante el periodo de 1940 a 1945. Dichos internos, procedentes principalmente de las regiones italianas de Vicenza, Udine, Trento y Alto Adigio, fueron enviados (y un número importante entre ellos ilegalmente deportados) a los psiquátricos alemanes de Zwiefalten, Schussenried y Weissenau, situados todos en el sur de la región alemana de Württemberg, entre 1940 y 1943. Especial atención se dedica a los llamados Acuerdos para la Opción entre el Reich alemán y la Italia fascista, como parte de la biopolítica nacionalsocialista. El tratamiento de estos pacientes surtiroleses en los asilos, así como su destino, se sitúa en el contexto de las acciones de reubicación de la población realizadas en las zonas limítrofes del Tercer Reich, que comenzaron en 1939 y afectaron a amplias zonas del continente europeo. Se estudian comparativamente también en esta contribución otros subgrupos poblacionales que emigraron por entonces de Italia al Reich alemán.
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Ceva, Lucio. « La campagna di Grecia 1940-1941 Riflessi politici e conseguenze strategiche ». ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA, no 258 (septembre 2010) : 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ic2010-258004.
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Nell'ottobre 1940 l'Italia aggredě la Grecia subendo rovesci rimediati. Solo nell'aprile-maggio 1941 i tedeschi, attraversando Ungheria, Romania e Bulgaria, soggiogarono l'intero paese, Creta compresa. Mentre in Italia barcollava il prestigio del fascismo, in Grecia l'orgoglio per le vittorie sull'Italia era pagato con anni di occupazione militare tedesca. Lo studio della consistenza e dei piani della Wehrmacht prova che la campagna di Grecia non influě né sulla data d'inizio (22 giugno 1941) dell'attacco all'Urss né sul suo esito disastroso dovuto a incredibile sottovalutazione della potenza sovietica. Neppure successivamente la Grecia divenne un fattore importante, benché nel 1943 Hitler vi concentrasse forze aeree nel timore che gli angloamericani, approfittando del crollo italiano, invadessero la Balcania. Tale sarebbe stata la volontŕ di Churchill che sperava di provocare anche l'intervento della Turchia. Ma Roosevelt decise invece che le maggiori forze puntassero sull'invasione della Francia (giugno 1944). La Grecia fu liberata da forze britanniche nell'autunno 1944 senza contrasto da parte dei tedeschi che mantennero indisturbato il controllo delle isole egee sino all'epilogo del maggio 1945.
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BALDOLI, CLAUDIA, et MARCO FINCARDI. « ITALIAN SOCIETY UNDER ANGLO-AMERICAN BOMBS : PROPAGANDA, EXPERIENCE, AND LEGEND, 1940–1945 ». Historical Journal 52, no 4 (6 novembre 2009) : 1017–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x09990380.
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ABSTRACTThe Italian experience of being bombed has been neglected in the historiography of the Second World War, especially in English. This marginalization is not justified by the record of events; according to official estimates, Italian civilian victims of bombing numbered around 60,000. The reaction of the Italian population to air raids was carefully evaluated and discussed by the Allies, who decided to hit civilians living near industrial areas with a view to testing their psychological resistance. The article focuses on the civilians' reactions to death coming from the sky, by examining their response to both Anglo-American and Fascist propaganda, and to the experience of the raids at different stages of the war. It analyses the ways in which civilians coped with the collapse of state defences (including the creation of legends and the spreading of rumours independent of state propaganda), and the psychologically complex and shifting response to bombers who introduced themselves as liberators. The research presented is based on archival sources, particularly prefects' reports from different parts of Italy to the Ministry of Interior, on both Anglo-American and Fascist propaganda, newspaper articles, and civilians' diaries.
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Capogreco, Carlo Spartaco, et Fanny Levin Gallina. « L�internement des Juifs en Italie et la g�ographie des camps (1940-1945) ». Revue d�Histoire de la Shoah N�204, no 1 (2016) : 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhsho.204.0201.
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Chiarini, Roberto. « Anti-Zionism and the Italian Extreme Right ». Modern Italy 13, no 1 (février 2008) : 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940701765916.
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There are few issues that better illustrate the unresolved condition of the Italian right in the postwar period (neo-fascist in identity, democratic from necessity) than that of its stance on Israel, the Jews and Zionism. In the aftermath of the fall of fascism, the right had no difficulty in combining the defence of anti-Jewishness with domestic anti-anti-fascist policies and a foreign policy that was hostile towards the ‘allies’ of 1940–1945. Yet as soon as political competition became oriented around pro- and anti-communism, the right was, over time, driven to play down the recollections of fascism and specifically its antipathy towards Israel, not to mention its anti-Zionism. The exacerbation of the Middle East problem and the right's foreign policy response to it led to a further evolution in its stance, eventually culminating in a definitive end to any ambivalence on the issue with the birth of the ‘National Alliance’. From that point onwards, anti-Zionism found support only in the utterances of neo-Nazi skinheads and the banners of rowdy fans at the ‘northern end’ of football stadia.
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ROSE, EDWARD P. F. « BRITISH MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF MALTA, PART 2 : THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1939–1945 ». Earth Sciences History 41, no 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 186–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-41.1.186.
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ABSTRACT During the Second World War, the central Mediterranean island of Malta was famously besieged by the Italian navy and intensively bombed by Italian and later German air forces, from June 1940 until Allied victory in North Africa in May 1943 brought an end to the siege. It was then scheduled as a staging post to support the Allied invasion of Sicily from North Africa in July 1943 and of mainland Italy from Sicily in September. From 1941 until 1945, two Tunnelling Companies Royal Engineers, overlapping in succession, excavated underground facilities safe from aerial or naval bombardment. In 1943 and then 1944–1945, two Boring Sections Royal Engineers in succession drilled wells to enhance water supplies, initially for increased troop concentrations. Borehole site selection was guided in 1943 by the Director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (Edward Battersby Bailey: 1881–1965) and by geologists Captain Frederick William Shotton (1906–1990) and Major Gordon Lyall Paver (1913–1988). In 1944, it was guided by geologist Captain Howard Digby Roberts (1913–1971), leading a detachment from 42nd Geological Section of the South African Engineer Corps that pioneered earth resistivity surveys on the island. Overall, these military studies generated a new but unpublished geological map of the island at 1:31,680-scale and refined knowledge of its geological structure: a much faulted but otherwise near-horizontal Oligo-Miocene sedimentary sequence. Further refinement was achieved as a consequence of the 1944–1945 drilling programme, led principally by geologist Captain Thomas Owen Morris (1904–1989) of the Royal Engineers. By 1945, this had helped to develop an improved water supply system for the island, and plans to develop groundwater abstracted from a perched upper aquifer (in the Upper Coralline Limestone and underlying Greensand formations, above a ‘Blue Clay’) as well as from the main lower aquifer, near sea level (in the Globigerina Limestone and/or underlying Lower Coralline Limestone formations).
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Resta, Giuseppe. « Landscape transformations in Albania. A photographic survey on the traces of Italian travellers in the Balkans ». Sophia Journal 6, no 1 (12 janvier 2022) : 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-8976_2021-0006_0001_8.
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After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Albania became a possible land of conquest for Italy, France, and Austria. Explorations and surveys of the newly liberated territory involved numerous scientific a nd military expeditions. At the end of the nineteenth century, the Reale Società Geografica Italiana had been carrying out a systematic study of Albanian landscape, mainly aimed at geographical research. Relevant Italian scholars and geographers travelled to Tirana and Valona. Antonio Baldacci (1867-1950) between 1892 and 1902, Roberto Almagià (1884-1962), Aldo Sestini (1904-1988) in 1940, Bruno Castiglioni (1898-1945) who recorded geomorphological aspects as an army officer following Italian troops. Two expeditions in 1940 allowed them to collect all the information needed to publish the fundamental monograph “L’Albania”, printed in 1943. Bruno Castiglioni oversaw the geomorphological aspects of the study, Ferdinando Milone covered anthropology and economics, and Aldo Sestini investigated the geographical features of each region. Another landmark contribution is Antonio Baldacci’s Itinerari albanesi: (1892-1902), which described discovering an obscure land, its natural features and the built environment.
The contribution for the sixth issue of Sophie draws on a photographic campaign carried out between July 2016 and June 2018, and currently being finalised in the form of a Catalogue of Landscape Typologies. The author c onducts a photographic c ampaign a long the s ame itineraries covered by the aforementioned geographers, discovering similarities and differences with the contemporary Albanian landscape. Manuscripts, diplomatic accounts, publications, and photographs produced by Italian travellers of the early twentieth century are being compared with the current status of the visual environment. Tourism-related activities have altered the scenery of the coast, particularly the so-called Riviera that connects Vlorë with Sarandë, while other sectors of the northern mainland have remained relatively unchanged.
This ongoing research is expected to inform a general catalogue of Albanian landscapes, intended as a tool for planning future interventions across the country. The catalogue could be a useful tool to build an alternative visual cartography. The Catalogue of Landscape Typologies collects four hundred geolocated shots of selected views, which have been classified and redrawn to identify recurring features and visual landmarks. Images are being disassembled in coherent morphological layers: woods, agricultural plains, cultivated slopes, spontaneous vegetation fields, urbanization areas, water bodies and the profile of the mountains. Contemporary Albania and other countries in the Balkans are rapidly changing the quality of its built environment in an attempt to emerge and progress towards the European standards. On the other hand, one could argue that unique views can be lost along the way.
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Richalet, Jean-Paul. « The invention of hypoxia ». Journal of Applied Physiology 130, no 5 (1 mai 2021) : 1573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00936.2020.
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The word “hypoxia” has recently come to the attention of the general public on two occasions, the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2019 and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In the academic environment, hypoxia is a current topic of research in biology, physiology, and medicine: in October 2020, there were more than 150,000 occurrences of “hypoxia” in the PubMed database. However, the first occurrence is dated to 1945, while the interest for the effects of oxygen lack on the living organisms started in the mid-19th century, when scientists explored high altitude regions and mainly used the terms “anoxia” or “anoxemia.” I therefore researched online through multiple databases to look for the first appearance of “hypoxia” and related terms “hypoxemia” and “hypoxybiosis” in scientific literature published in English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish. Viault and Jolyet used “Hypohématose” in 1894, but this term has not been used since. Hypoxybiosis first appeared in 1909 in Germany, then hypoxemia in 1923 in Austria, and hypoxia in 1938 in Holland. It was then exported to the United States where it appeared in 1940 in cardiology and anesthesiology. The clinical distinction between anoxia and hypoxia was clearly defined by Carl Wiggers in 1941. Hypoxia (decrease in oxygen), by essence variable in time and in localization in the body, in contrast with anoxia (absence of oxygen), illustrates the concept of homeodynamics that defines a living organism as a complex system in permanent instability, exposed to environmental and internal perturbations.
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BOSWORTH, R. J. B. « THE ITALIAN NOVECENTO AND ITS HISTORIANS ». Historical Journal 49, no 1 (24 février 2006) : 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05005169.
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The politics of Italian national identity. Edited by Gino Bedani and Bruce Haddock. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000. Pp. vii+296. ISBN 0-7083-1622-0. £40.00.Fascist modernities: Italy, 1922–1945. By Ruth Ben-Ghiat. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2001. Pp. x+317. ISBN 0-520-22363-2. £28.50.Le spie del regime. By Mauro Canali. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2004. Pp. 863. ISBN 88-15-09801-1. €70.00.I campi del Duce: l'internamento civile nell'Italia fascista (1940–1943). By Carlo Spartaco Capogreco. Turin: Einaudi, 2004. Pp. xi+319. ISBN 88-06-16781-2. €16.00.The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: essays in comparative history. Edited by Enrico Dal Lago and Rick Halpern. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. 256. ISBN 0-333-73971-X. £28.50.Disastro! Disasters in Italy since 1860: culture, politics, society. Edited by John Dickie, John Foot, and Frank M. Snowden, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. ix+342. ISBN 0-312-23960-2. £32.50.Remaking Italy in the twentieth century. By Roy Palmer Domenico. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. Pp. xiv+181. ISBN 0-8476-9637-5. £16.95.Twentieth century Italy: a social history. By Jonathan Dunnage. Harlow: Pearson, 2002. Pp. xi+271. ISBN 0-582-29278-6. £16.99.Milan since the miracle: city, culture and identity. By John Foot. Oxford: Berg, 2001. Pp. xiv+240. ISBN 1-85973-550-9. £14.99.Squadristi: protagonisti e tecniche della violenza fascista, 1919–1922. By Mimmo Franzinelli. Milan: Mondadori, 2003. Pp. 464. ISBN 88-04-51233-4. €19.00.For love and country: the Italian Resistance. By Patrick Gallo. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. Pp. viii+362. ISBN 0-7618-2496-0. $55.00.The struggle for modernity: nationalism, futurism and Fascism. By Emilio Gentile. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. Pp. xix+203. ISBN 0-275-97692-0. $69.95.Italy and its discontents. By Paul Ginsborg. Harmondsworth: Allen Lane, 2001. Pp. xv+521. ISBN 0-713-99537-8. £25.00.Silvio Berlusconi: television, power and patrimony. By Paul Ginsborg. London: Verso, 2004. Pp. xvi+189. ISBN 1-84467-000-7. £16.00.Fascists. By Michael Mann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. x+429. ISBN 0-521-53855-6. £15.99.Mussolini: the last 600 days of Il Duce. By Ray Moseley. Dallas: Taylor Trade publishing, 2004. Pp. vii+432. ISBN 1-58979-095-2. $34.95.Lo stato fascista e la sua classe politica, 1922–1943. By Didier Musiedlak. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2001. Pp. 585. ISBN 88-15-09381-8. €32.00.Italy's social revolution: charity and welfare from Liberalism to Fascism. By Maria Sophia Quine. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Pp. xv+429. ISBN 0-333-63261-3. £55.00.La seduzione totalitaria: guerra, modernità, violenza politica (1914–1918). By Angelo Ventrone. Rome: Donzelli, 2003. Pp. xvi+288. ISBN 88-7989-840-X. €24.00.With its winning of an American Academy Award, the film Life is beautiful (1997), brought its director and leading actor, Roberto Benigni, global fame. Benigni's zaniness and self-mockery seemed to embody everything that has convinced foreigners that Italians are, above all, brava gente (nice people). Sometimes, this conclusion can have a supercilious air – niceness can easily be reduced to levity or fecklessness. In those university courses that seek to comprehend the terrible tragedies of twentieth-century Europe, Italians seldom play a leading role. German, Russian, Polish, Yugoslav, and even British and French history are each riven with death and disaster or, alternatively, with heroism and achievement. In such austere company, brava gente can seem out of place.
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Chathuant, Dominique. « Dans le sillage de la marine de guerre, pouvoir et Eglise en Guadeloupe (1940-1943) ». Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe, no 103 (15 février 2018) : 40–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043290ar.
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Genoud, bishop in Guadeloupe from 1912 to 1945, became an unquestioning partisan of the new regime when, in 1940, Marshal Pétain established the government of the National Revolution. Bishop Gay become Genoud's coadjutor in 1943 ; he eventually succeeded him at the head of the diocese. He arrived in Guadeloupe a little after the joining of the island to De Gaulle ’s France. Because of Genoud's well-known unquestioning petainism one may wonder if Jean Gay did not owe his position to a religious purge. According to documents issued by the Minister’s office in charge of the colonies at that time, such a conclusion has to be disproved. In fact, Bishop Genoud was surrounded by government officials that the Vichy regime in Guadeloupe quickly got rid of. The latter opened negotiations with the highest religious authorities to flank Genoud with a coadjutor sympathetic to the National Revolution : Jean Gay. At the same time the regime continued to assure the bishops of its official aid. But the war delayed the new coadjutor’s trip. Ready to leave in the early months of 1943, the German and later the Italian authorities gave him permission to leave for Rome. He was then taken to Spain and Portugal. It is at that time that Admiral Robert, high commissioner to the French Caribbean, realized he had no alternative but to give up to obey Vichy. It appears that Gay was contacted in Lisbon by the Free French whose government was in Algiers. He had to continue his journey with the Allied Forces. Portuguese Guinea, Liberia, Brazil, the Guianas and Trinidad followed one another until the plane landed in Martinique. After a few hesitations, the Gaullist authorities accepted to let him go to Guadeloupe where he landed on August 10, 1943. But what were the real reasons for such an interest in a religious leader by the colonial authorities ? This was probably linked to the picture the ruling circles had of the Church, circles that considered the latter, rightly or wrongly, as a way to maintain power at a time when theology of liberation was unheard of.
Thèses sur le sujet "Italia 1940-1945"
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Gioia, Antonio. « Guerra, Fascismo, Resistenza. Avvenimenti e dibattito storiografico nei manuali di storia ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1530.
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2009 - 2010In 1996, Luigi Berlinguer Minister of Education issued a decree amending the division's annual program of history, given that the existing provisions "generally reserved to the last year of each cycle the action of a program that was too long and does not allow, however, adequate development of the events that occurred during the twentieth century, also waiting for the educational and cultural needs to devote a large space to discussion of recent events of great historical importance-political " Authors and publishers are beginning to publish, since 1997, "brand new editions" of books "for new programs." But, as these texts are made? What do they contain? How is it treated the history of the twentieth century? What is their teaching approach? What is the relationship between history and historiography? And, finally, is seized the opportunity offered by the Decree of the Minister Berlinguer to renew the study and teaching of history? The analysis of 32 history textbooks for high schools, published between 1997 and 2009, may provide some answers. It is designed to analyze the chapter on World War II to understand the way in which it is addressed, in terms of events and historical debate, the period 1940-1940 and in particular the transition from war declared war fought, the crisis of the regime and the fall of Fascism, 25 July and 8 September 1943; ambiguous continuity of the Southern Kingdom and the failure of the ambitious Italian Social Republic, the Nazi-Fascist massacres, the complex phenomenon of resistance, the role of the Allies and the political, social , spiritual act in Italian society, the Liberation; Piazzale Loreto, the blood of the vanquished and the victors of the blood, the yield of the accounts and accounts with the past, the influence of this on the dissolution of the monarchy and the birth of the Republic. The analysis of the structure and content of history textbooks was conducted in reference to the opportunities offered by technology for teaching. [edited by Author]
IX n.s.
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Lehmann, Eric. « Les ailes du pouvoir : la propagande aéronautique dans l'Italie fasciste ». Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100161.
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Fondée sur les publications, les actualités cinématographiques et l’iconographie relatives à l’aviation produites en Italie dans l’entre-deux-guerres, que complète le recours à des documents d’archives, l’étude de la propagande aéronautique développée par le mouvement puis par le régime fascistes révèle la précocité de leurs relations avec les milieux aériens et montre que Mussolini se voulut le prophète d’un culte de l’aviation qui, en empruntant sa rhétorique à la prose de Gabriele D’Annunzio, à la polémologie futuriste et au discours mythique sur la science, fît de l’art du pilotage la métaphore du pouvoir et de son apprentissage une expérience propédeutique à l’exercice du commandement. L’histoire de ce culte enrichit la connaissance de la nature rituelle et scénographique du fascisme et dévoile sa propension à mêler la fascination pour l’héroïsme aristocratique avec la volonté de contraindre les masses à la discipline collective. Elle est aussi inséparable de la construction du mythe mussolinien : en présentant le Duce comme un pilote éprouvé, la propagande contribue à forger l’image virile du dictateur.
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Lemmes, Fabian [Verfasser]. « Arbeiten in Hitlers Europa : Die Organisation Todt in Frankreich und Italien 1940–1945 / Fabian Lemmes ». Göttingen : Böhlau Verlag Köln, 2021. http://www.v-r.de/.
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Privitera, Giovanni. « Naissance et évolutions de la chanson d’auteur italienne : de 1958 à l’orée du vingt-et-unième siècle ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3049.
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Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objet d'étude la chanson d'auteur italienne de 1958 à l'orée du XXI° siècle. Une période si étendue correspond à la volonté de ne pas enfermer le sujet, ni dans des bornes chronologiques étroites, ni dans une définition close de la chanson d'auteur. Cette étude s'intéresse également aux liens entre la chanson italienne et le contexte sociétal et politique. La 1° partie analyse les principaux phénomènes artistiques justifiant, à la fin des années 50, l'affirmation d'un tournant « d'auteur » dans la chanson italienne, jusque-là figée dans un mélisme hérité de l'opéra, tout en tenant compte des éléments conjoncturels et des hasards de l'Histoire. La 2° partie est vouée à l'étude de la langue, de la poétique et de l'esthétique de cette chanson. Une large part est faite à la question dialectale, démontrant que cette question ne se réduit pas au folklore. La 3° partie étudie la chanson par le prisme de l'Histoire : de façon rétrospective mais aussi comme un reflet des temps en prise directe. La 4° et dernière partie aborde notre contemporanéité et la chanson d'auteur sous des formes nouvelles : rock, nouvelle école cantautoriale, rap.Ce cheminement nous mène à toute une série de pistes de réflexions : la réécriture, l'aspect performatif, la légitimité culturelle d'un genre artistique et, à l'ère d'internet, les nouvelles formes et modalités de réception de l'art mais également la révolution que le web provoque dans la création. La chanson compte une place importante dans la société et dans la culture des XXème et XXIème siècles. Elle a donc besoin d'être envisagée plus que jamais, et peut nous aider à comprendre à quelle époque on vitThis doctoral thesis explores the Italian art song genre from 1958 until the dawn of the twenty-first century; the broad scope of investigation was chosen so that the subject would not be overly circumscribed either temporally or notionally. The thesis also examines the relationship between the Italian art song and its social and political contexts. The first part, taking into account those influences as well as the effect of the random events of History, analyses the main artistic phenomena at the end of the '50 that led to an "artistic" turning point for the Italian popular song, hitherto locked into an opera derived melismatic mode. The second part investigates the language, the poetics and the aesthetics of the art song genre addressing at length dialect, demonstrating that this question cannot be explained merely in terms of folklore. The third part develops the art song seen through the lens of History, both retrospectively and as a reflexion of the current events of the day. The fourth and last part discusses the new forms of art song that have developed within a contemporary context: rock, the new cantautoriale school and rap. The rewriting, the performance act itself are discussed; the cultural legitimacy of an artistic genre and new forms and ways of experiencing art, as well as revolutionary modes of creation with the advent of the Internet are explored. The song was granted an important place in the society and culture of the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first; today, imbued with the troubles of a new period, it invites our questions and research more than ever to help us understand the age we live in
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Balzarro, Anna. « Le Vercors et la zone libre de l'Alto Tortonese : récits, mémoire, histoire ». Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0058.
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Rossi, Alessandra. « Les relations italo-françaises et le problème de la délimitation de la frontière orientale italienne de 1918 à 1924 ». Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0011.
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De 1918 à 1924 l'Italie fut pour la France de l'époque un allié moins négligeable qu'il est généralement acquis. De 1918 à 1924, et même au début de la Première Guerre Mondiale, le Quai d'Orsay employa tous les moyens qu'il avait à sa disposition afin de maintenir des relations cordiales avec le gouvernement de Rome. La France avait besoin d'entretenir de bonnes relations avec l'Italie, car elle ne pouvait pas se permettre de voir Rome soutenir Berlin, en particulier tout au long de sa politique visant à l'affaiblissement de son ennemi héréditaire. Pour la France, ne pouvant compter ni sur la Russie bolchévique ni sur l'Angleterre qui ne souhaitait pas l'écrasement de l'Allemagne ni sur les Etats-Unis lesquels ne ratifièrent pas le Traité de Versailles et se retranchèrent dans leur politique de "non entanglement", l'amitiè de l'Italie fut pendant ces années-là capitale. Le Quai d'Orsay essaya d'exploiter à cette fin le problème de la rectification de la frontière nord-orientale italienne qui était la préoccupation principale de l'Etat italien depuis son unité. Camille Barrère, ambassadeur français à Rome de 1898 à 1924, oeuvra incessamment au maintien des bonnes relations entre le France et l'Italie. Barrère qui jouissait d'un pouvoir inimaginable aujourd'hui pour un ambassadeur, influença largement la politique du Quai d'Orsay vis-à-vis de l'Italie. En mai 1924, la victoire en France du Cartel des Gauches alors qu'en Italie Mussolini consolidait son pouvoir, mit fin au "règne" de Barrère sur les questions italiennes et à la politique française d'amitié avec l'ItalieFrom 1918 to 1924, Italy was for France a more important allied that it is usually considered. During this period and even at the beginning of the First World War, the French Foreign Office, " le Quay d'Orsay ", tried to maintain good relationship with Italy at any cost. France needed to maintain good relationships with Italy because it could not let Roma support Berlin, especially while it was trying to weaken Germany. France could not expect help from the Bolshevik Russia, neither from England that did not want Germany to be squashed and from the United States of America that had not signed the Versailles treaty. The Italian friendship was during these years very important for France. To reach his goal, the " Quai d'Orsay " used the Italian north-eastern border definition problem that was at this time the main Italian concern since unification. Camille Barrère, French Ambassador in Roma from 1898 to 1924, always worked to maintain good relationships between France and Italy. Barrère who was in possession of an incredible power compared to current Ambassadors, influenced strongly French Foreign Office Policy toward Italy. In May 1924, the left parties victory of the " Cartel des gauches " in France and Mussolini's power strengthening ended Barrère's reign and the French friendship policy toward Italy
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Schiavon, Max. « Une victoire dans la défaite : racines, enjeux, significations : le 14ème corps d'armée sur le front central des Alpes en juin 1940 ». Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ002L.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'armée française a conduit une bataille victorieuse sur les Alpes en juin 1940. C'est sans aucun doute, encore aujourd'hui, l'aspect le plus méconnu des combats qui se sont déroulés en mai-juin 1940. Une étude générale des relations franco-italiennes et du contexte géopolitique permet de comprendre pourquoi, après d'aussi longues relations complexes et passionnées, l'Italie a déclaré la guerre à la France. Les aspects spécifiques de la guerre en montagne, en particulier les fortifications des Alpes, la création de troupes adaptées au milieu ainsi que les plans d'opérations sont étudiés, afin d'expliquer le contexte de préparation de la bataille de chaque côté de la frontière. L'étude précise des combats porte sur le front central des Alpes, c'est-à-dire sur les secteurs géographiques du Briançonnais, du Queyras et de l'Ubaye. La défense de ce front de plus de 120 kilomètres, modifiée en profondeur durant toute la période de la drôle de guerre, est finalement confiée à seulement deux grandes unités du 14ème corps d'armée, le secteur fortifié du Dauphiné et la 64ème division d'infanterie, qui vont être opposées à plus de 6 divisions italiennes. Les forces en présence, leurs tactiques, leurs atouts et leurs faiblesses sont présentés ; l'enchaînement détaillé des opérations est restitué dans le détail puis analysé. Un bilan permet de comprendre les nombreuses causes de l'échec des forces italiennes. Enfin, des enseignements humains, tactiques et politiques sont tirés avant que soit abordée en conclusion la portée de ces évènementsThe french army led a victorious battle in the Alps on june, 1940. It is undoubtedly, even today, the most unrecognized aspect of various fights which happened on may-june, 1940. A general study of french-italian relationships and geopolitical context allows to understand why Italy declared war on France after such complex and passionate relationships. In order to explain the context of preparation of the battle on each side of the border, this essay will focus on the specific aspects of war in mountains, in particular the fortifications of the Alps, the training of troops well suited to the environment as well as the plans of operations. The precise study of the fightings is centered on the middle front of the alps, specifically on the geographical areas of Briançonnais, Queyras and Ubaye. the defense of this front of more than 120 kilometres, amended in depth throughout the period of the phoney war, is finally entrusted to only two large units of 14th army corps, the dauphiné fortified sector and the 64th infantry division, which will be opposed to more than 6 italian divisions. Both armis, their tactics, their force and weakness are presented ; the detailed sequence of operations is returned in details and analysed. A balance sheet allows understanding the many causes of italian forces failure. Finally, human, tactic and policy lessons are learned before tackling the various consequences of these events
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Mataix, David. « L' Europe des révolutions nationales : l'impossible Union Latine ». Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30045.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'histoire de l'Espagne, l'Italie, la France et le Portugal durant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale a toujours été étudiée dans le cadre d'une histoire nationale plus large –souvent le XXème siècle - ou bien confondue dans celle de la guerre. A l'heure de l'Europe, croiser et comparer ces histoires peut donc permettre de mieux comprendre certains faits. Car comme ne le voyons dans cette étude, beaucoup de divergences apparurent dès la mise en place de ces régimes, entre eux, mais aussi avec l'Allemagne nazie. L'anticommunisme, la place de la religion, les ambitions nationales et celles de leurs chefs sont autant d'éléments qui expliquent en effet nombre de décisions et d'événements nationaux et internationaux pendant et après la guerre. Voilà donc l'histoire de l'Europe latine de 1940 à 1942, des similitudes et des différences entre ces nations mais aussi du rôle qu'elles entendaient jouer et de la place qu'elles pensaient occuper dans l'Europe de l'après-guerreThe history of Spain, Italy, France and Portugal during the Second World War had always been studied in a larger picture – often the XX century - or mixed in the history of the War. Today, comparing and contrasting these histories can help us to understand certain events. As we can see in this thesis there were differencies from the begining of this regimes, but also with nazi - Germany. Anticomunism, the importance of religion, national ambitions and the ambitions of theirs leaders for their countries ans themselves are some elements that explain the decisions and events during and after the war for all these authoritarian regimes. This is the history of the latin Europe from 1940 to 1942, the similitaries and the differencies between these nations as well as the role and they position they wanted to have in post-war Europe
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Le, Moal Frédéric. « Les relations entre la France et l'Italie dans les Balkans pendant la première guerre mondiale, 1914-1919 ». Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040183.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lorsque la guerre éclate en août 1914, l’Italie décide de rester neutre. Soumise à la formidable pression des armées allemandes sur son sol, la France tente, dès les premiers jours du conflit, d’entraîner sa « sœur latine » à ses côtés. Pour cela, ses dirigeants entendent se servir des ambitions que nourrissent les Italiens dans l’ensemble des Balkans, et plus spécifiquement le long des côtes orientales de l’Adriatique, depuis l’Istrie jusqu’au détroit d’Otrante. Conscients que le prix de l’intervention italienne se trouve dans cette zone, les Français, et notamment Delcassé, acceptent l’installation des Italiens sur les rives de la Dalmatie et la mise sous tutelle de l’Albanie, en violation des principes des nationalités et des ambitions serbes. Le Traité de Londres inscrit dans le marbre les buts de guerre italiens, désormais défendus avec acharnement par Sydney Sonnino. Mais le développement du conflit modifie les conditions politiques et stratégiques de 1915. Le succès grandissant de l’idée yougoslave, qui vise à la création d’un Etat s’étendant le long des rives adriatiques, depuis les régions slovènes jusqu’à l’Albanie, et absorbant le Monténégro, si elle offre aux Français la perspective d’un nouvel allié dans les Balkans, inquiète les Italiens qui y voient une remise en cause de leurs ambitions. Les polémiques franco-italiennes enflent, le personnel politique, diplomatique et militaire se divise, tandis que les dirigeants tentent de trouver des solutions de compromis. Le problème posé aux deux nations par l’idée yougoslave permet de mettre à jour les profondes divergences de leurs politiques ainsi que le poids des représentations mentales, tout cela ne contribuant guère à l’apaisement, lors des négociations de paix de 1919. La Première Guerre mondiale ne constitue pas une vicissitude parmi d’autres du couple franco-italien mais plutôt un tournant fondamental dans l’histoire de leurs tumultueuses relationsWhen the war strikes in August 1914 Italy remains neutral. When pressurised by the terrific German army on its own land France strives for calling its “roman sister” on its side from the very first hours of the conflict. French leaders intend to use Italians’ ambitions in the whole Balkans especially in the area along the Adriatic east coasts from Istria to the straits of Otrante. Aware that the Italian step in war lies in this area the French, and especially Delcassé, allow the Italians to settle on the Dalmatia coasts and to put Albania under its supervision, which violates nationalities principles and Serbs ambitions. The Treaty of London engraves in stone the Italians’ ambitions that are now furiously defended by Sydney Sonnino. However the conflict developments impact both political and strategic environments in 1915. The Yugoslavian idea gets then a greater interest. This project aims at creating a state laying along the Adriatic coasts from the Slovene regions to Albania and including Montenegro. Although the Yugoslavian idea gives the French the opportunity of getting a new ally in the Balkans it worries the Italians because it questions their ambitions. The French and Italian arguments grow and the political, diplomatic and military corps split up while leaders try to compromise. The problem caused by the Yugoslavian idea to both nations sheds light not only on the strong differences in their politics but also on the mental representations weight, which does not ease the quieting down during the 1919 peace negotiations. The first World War is not a mere vicissitude in the French and Italian couple but it is rather a fundamental turn in the history of their tumultuous relationships
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Kern-Oudot, Catherine. « L'Ecriture d'un monde sonore dans les oeuvres d'I. Calvino, J. M. G. Le Clézio et A. Baricco ». Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Par leur dénonciation du vide des mots et du caractère artificiel des limites génériques, les auteurs du corpus prennent part à la modernité littéraire. Leur approche sonore et rythmique du langage, prolongement de la tradition orale du conte, les engage vers une poétique de l'écoute. .By noticing the void of words and the artificial characteristic of the generic borders, the authors of this corps take part in the literary modernity. Their rhytmic and sound approach to language, outcome of the oral tradition, commit them towards poetics of the listening. .
Livres sur le sujet "Italia 1940-1945"
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Arena, Nino. L' Italia in guerra, 1940/1945 : Retroscena tecnico della disfatta. Parma : E. Albertelli, 1997.
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Prigionieri di guerra e campi di prigionia per militari alleati in Italia, 1940-1945 (Conference) (2018 : Fontanellato, Italy), dir. Prigionieri in Italia : Militari alleati e campi di prigionia (1940-1945). Parma : MUP, 2021.
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3
Costantino, Di Sante, dir. I campi di concentramento in Italia : Dall'internamento alla deportazione, 1940-1945. Milano : F. Angeli, 2001.
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L' Italia sotto le bombe : Guerra aerea e vita civile, 1940-1945. Roma : Laterza, 2007.
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Bonacina, Giorgio. Obiettivo : Italia : I bombardamenti aerei delle città italiane dal 1940 al 1945. Milano : Mursia, 2005.
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Italia ja Suomen talvisota : Il Duce Mussolini maailman urheimman kansan apuna. Helsinki : Teos, 2007.
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Pagliano, Franco. Aviatori italiani : 1940-1945. Sous la direction de Pagliano Maurizio 1942-. Milano : Mursia, 2004.
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Bruna, Micheletti, Poggio Pier Paolo et Fondazione "L Micheletti ", dir. L' Italia in guerra 1940-43. Brescia, Italy : Fondazione "Luigi Micheletti", 1990.
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Motosiluranti : Mediterraneo, 1940-1945. Roma : Ufficio storico della Marina militare, 2020.
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Ivo, Dalla Costa, dir. L' Italia imbavagliata : Lettere censurate, 1940-1943. Paese, Treviso : Pagus edizioni, 1990.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Italia 1940-1945"
1
Evangelista, Matthew. « Diplomacy ». Dans Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945, 19–60. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315803-2.
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Evangelista, Matthew. « Conclusion ». Dans Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945, 175–202. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315803-7.
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Evangelista, Matthew. « Strategy ». Dans Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945, 61–88. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315803-3.
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Evangelista, Matthew. « Introduction ». Dans Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945, 1–18. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315803-1.
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Evangelista, Matthew. « Memory ». Dans Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945, 151–74. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315803-6.
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Evangelista, Matthew. « Humanity ». Dans Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945, 115–50. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315803-5.
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Evangelista, Matthew. « Resistance ». Dans Allied Air Attacks and Civilian Harm in Italy, 1940–1945, 89–114. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003315803-4.
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Fiorani, Francesca. « Free voices beyond the borders The experience of the Italian exiles in Radio Londra (1940-1945) ». Dans Borders, Migration and Globalization : An Interdisciplinary Perspective, 375–86. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003106517-31.
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« The Internment of Italians 1940–1945 ». Dans 'Totally un-English' ?, 153–63. BRILL, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401201384_012.
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« CHAPTER XV. Italian Complexities ». Dans The Resistance in Western Europe, 1940–1945, 243–55. Columbia University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/wiev18996-019.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Italia 1940-1945"
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Corrado, Giovanni. Tactical Enthusiasm and Operational Blindness : Civilian Casualties during the Allied Air Campaign in Italy in 1940-1945. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, avril 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1001269.
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