Thèses sur le sujet « Isotropie du comportement »
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Mahaut, Fabien. « Comportement rhéologique de suspensions de particules non colloïdales plongées dans des fluides à seuil ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1080.
Texte intégralWe study rheological behaviour of non colloïdal particles suspensions embedded in yield stress fluids. We focus on strictly mechanical particles influence. First, we study solid domain with a large experiment panel on model materials. We measure linear elasticity and yield stress. We found law which link suspensions properties to interstitial fluids one and monodisperses particles concentration for an isotropic distribution. We compare our results to a homogenization approach by Chateau et al. which give us a very simple law between linear and non linear properties. This approach could predict the yield stress variation as a function of particles concentration with a very good agreement. Then, we validate this approach on a model mortar (glass beads in a thixotropic cement paste). In a second part, we explore liquid domain and characterize flowing behaviour of a yield stress model fluid, an emulsion, as a Herschel-Bulkley fluid with an exponent n =½. We show that this law still applicable for particles suspension in this emulsion with the same Herschel-Bulkley exponent. Then, we measure Herschel-Bulkley consistency as a function of particles concentration and found a good agreement with a law predicted by Chateau et al. from a homogenization approach. Finally, we observe difference between stopping yield stress and starting yield stress, this difference is probably due to particles distribution
Rharbal, Jamal. « Contribution théorique à l'étude du comportement des milieux endommagés initialement anisotropes et simulations numériques ». Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS003.
Texte intégralBraun, Philipp. « Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique de l´argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien : Effets des chemins de contrainte et des variations de température ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1004.
Texte intégralExtensive research is carried out by the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra), in order to characterize the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone, a candidate host rock for a deep geological radioactive waste repository in France. The hydromechanical behaviour of the rock due to the excavation of the galleries are studied, as well as the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) response arising from heat generated by the exothermic waste packages. A laboratory programme was carried out in this work to characterize the response of COx claystone to different THM loadings within the framework of transversely isotropic thermo-poro-elasticity.Due to the very low permeability of the COx claystone, laboratory experiments have to be adapted for long saturation and drainage durations. Analytical solutions are presented for the time dependent pore pressure field in a specimen submitted to various loading paths and different rates. This provides a simple and efficient tool for the estimation of the conditions that must hold for reliable determination of material parameters. It allows as well an optimization of various test conditions.Based on this approach, a new transient step loading procedure was developed for isotropic tests in drained and undrained conditions, under both thermal and mechanical loading. This protocols render experiments on low permeable rocks more time efficient, giving access to several THM parameters and permeability measurements in a single test.In isotropic compression tests, pore pressure tests, and deviatoric loading tests parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane, poroelastic properties were investigated on saturated rock specimens. The performed experiments provide compatible material parameters at different stress levels, evidencing a significant transverse isotropy, which had little effects on the back-calculated Biot’s coefficients and more effects on Skempton's coefficients.Thermal loads were exerted on COx specimens along different heating and cooling paths. Drained and undrained thermal expansion coefficients along both the transverse isotropic directions were determined. The measurement of pore pressure changes yielded the thermal pressurization coefficient, with a stress and temperature dependency identified.Thermo-hydro-mechanical loading paths corresponding to the paths expected in situ at the symmetry axis between two microtunnels, in which canisters are placed, were mimicked in the laboratory. Using a specially developed novel triaxial device, samples were heated with no radial strain allowed, until thermally induced pore pressures caused effective tensile stresses, which ultimately fractured the material at axial effective stresses around -3.0 MPa. Fracturing under different lateral total stresses allow to describe the failure with Fairhurst's generalized Griffith criterion. Using the THM properties evaluated earlier in the study, one is able to satisfactorily reproduce the observed deformations under tension.Last of all, a thermo-poroelastic model was implemented in the finite element solver Freefem++. The THM behaviour around parallel microtunnels in periodic layout is simulated in a 2D configuration. This helps to better understand the spatial arrangement of THM processes, heat and fluid transport, and the change of stress states with respect to the presented failure criterion
Pol, Patrick. « Simulation du comportement élasto-plastique de coques minces par éléments finis ». Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD501.
Texte intégralNoiret, Aurélien. « Contribution à la caractérisation du comportement géomécanique des roches couverture des réservoirs pétroliers ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL014N/document.
Texte intégralKnowledge of shale poromechanical behavior is essential for various environmental issues such as CO2 deep geological storage, high level radioactive waste storage, oil field abandonment… Furthermore, due to their good confinement properties, there are considered as potential host rocks for high level radioactive waste storage. However, their experimental characterization is very complex because of their very low permeability and their saturating fluid sensitivity. The main objective of this study is to improve knowledge of hydromechanical coupling of such a material. To study the structure of argillites under stress, SEM in-situ uniaxial compression test is performed on parallelepiped sample; compression orientation is perpendicular to bedding planes direction. Correlation techniques are used to estimate strain distributions. Second part underlines the key points of shale experimental characterization using the framework of Biot’s mechanics of fluid saturated porous solids. Shales are well known as a more or less transverse isotropy material. The complete methodology to conduct œdometric tests on such sensitive and weakly permeable material is described. Measurements realized on Tournemire argillite are proposed and a comparison with the poroelastic parameters of Meuse / Haute-Marne is given. Furthermore, to investigate hydromechanical coupling, a transverse isotropic poroelastic model is used to estimate the influence of anisotropy on diffusion characteristic time. The experimental data are used in numerical simulations to estimate the intrinsic permeability of the samples. In the last part, the caprock behavior of a petroleum field is studied at large scale with a 3D synthetic model (finite element analysis). The purpose of this last chapter is to study changes in stress field during the oil production
Balasoiu, Dimitri. « Modélisation et simulation du comportement mécanique de floes de glace ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM045.
Texte intégralThis doctoral dissertation is part of a research project on sea ice modeling, initiated by TOTAL S.A. and the Université Grenoble Alpes.This project lead to the development of a granular model for the evolution of sea ice, and in particular the mechanical behavior of ice floes in the marginal ice zone.The implementation of the model can simulate the collisions of one million ice floes, and their interaction with rigid structures.This PhD thesis improves the current granular model by adding an efficient model for ice floe fracture.Firstly, we present a fracture model for an ice floe subject to a boundary displacement.This model is a brittle fracture model, relying on the work of citeauthor{GRIFFITH1921}.It is written in a variational framework inspired from that of citeauthor{FM98}'s model: we minimize the total energy of the material.We show that, under some hypothesis, the total energy of the ice floe has a minimum.This variational model is efficient, and can be used in the collision model which simulates the behavior of a large number of floes.This efficiency relies on a strong geometric hypothesis, although mitigated by the use of a quasistatic loading : we restrict the space of admissible fractures to the set of segment lines.Secondly, we present a research strategy to obtain an expression of the boundary displacement during the percussion of two ice floes.The strategy is the following : we consider the ice floe as the limit of an isotropic mass-spring lattice.For a given lattice, we can write the differential equation verified by each mass, and thus we hope to derive an expression of the boundary displacement.We identify three mathematical limits which we deem necessary to the understanding of the percussion phenomenon, and we obtain two of them.Doing so, we prove two Gamma-convergence results of discrete functionals, defined on different lattices, to the classical elastic energy.In particular, we work with a stochastic isotropic lattice, built as the Delaunay triangulation of a stochastic point process.In that case, we will prove the almost-sure Gamma-convergence
Pistenon, Nicolas. « Découvrir la loi de comportement de matériaux viscoélastiques non linéaires par réseaux de neurones à base physique et données expérimentales ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM044.
Texte intégralThe application of machine learning techniques based on neural networks provides novel insights into the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of materials. These networks are capable of capturing a wide variety of complex behaviours due to their ability to act as universal function approximators. However, the deployment of these techniques requires large datasets, which are often difficult to obtain experimentally. This manuscript introduces various physical biases that enable the modelling of mechanical behaviour, specifically non-linear viscoelastic behaviour, using limited experimental data, thereby addressing this limitation.The two fundamental principles of thermodynamics provide a robust framework for constraining the formulation of constitutive laws. This approach reduces the quantity of data required for model training, while simultaneously improving the models' resilience to measurement errors.Recurrent neural networks, on the other hand, are particularly well-suited for modelling behaviour that depends on the loading history. Their hidden memories mirror the internal variables introduced in mechanics by the local state principle. However, these networks present challenges in terms of training and generalisation. To overcome these difficulties, a neural network model with mechanical encoding is proposed. This model employs the internal variables of a linear viscoelasticity model to encode the material's history, which proves to be sufficient for modelling its non-linear mechanical behaviour.One of the most significant challenges in three-dimensional modelling from experimental data is the incorporation of material symmetries in order to avoid the need for superfluous testing. For isotropic materials, a method of increasing the data set by randomly rotating the tests, combined with lateral transfer learning, enables the development of a three-dimensional constitutive law using only two types of uniaxial test. A thermodynamically consistent formulation that inherently preserves the material's isotropy is proposed; however, challenges related to training remain to be addressed in order to optimise this approach
Pontiroli, Christophe. « Comportement au souffle des structures en béton armé : analyse expérimentale et modélisation ». Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0005.
Texte intégralGhali, Chokri El. « Contribution à la modélisation du comportement viscoplastique monotone et cyclique avec vieillissement des alliages à base nickel : cas de l'Udimet 500 à 700 °C ». Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD112.
Texte intégralThe present thesis deals with macroscopic description aging and viscoplastic (monotonic and cyclic) behaviour of based-Nickel alloys. At the beginning, we present a summary of the previous and current works done for the development of the law for the monotonic and cyclic behaviour. Than we examine the particular case of the based-Nickel alloys ; Udimet 500 used in the aeronautic industry. We emphasize on the viscoplastic behaviour of this alloys at 700 °C temperature towards the aging phenomena. We set up the results for different test to point out the aging and its interaction with other process. In the thermodynamic basis of the irreversible process, we develop a model which is able to show the monotonic and cyclic effects of Udimet 500 at 700 °C, and specially the effects of the aging. At the end, we compare the numerical and experimental result for a variety of uniaxial loadings
Valot, Emmanuel. « Anisotropie du comportement à rupture de composites à structure isotrope ». Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS004.
Texte intégralEtcheverry, Philippe. « Etude théorique du comportement non linéaire de milieux poreux globalement isotropes ». Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066731.
Texte intégralBenedikt, Schauder. « Coque cylindrique isotrope sous flexion et pression interne : Instabilité et comportement post-critique ». Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0021.
Texte intégralCircular cylindrical shells are often subjected to a combined loading of internal pressure and flexion. This is especially true for tank structures. The present work wants to contribute to the design of such shells. An experimental approach is used, supported by a numerical analysis. Some developments in the experimental and the numerical domain are presented. The first chapter gives a literature review about the buckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial compression, flexion and internal pressure. The numerical methods as well as the formulation of a new finite element are presented in the second chapter. The new element permits to take into account any geometrical imperfection as well as variable wall thickness around the circumference in a two dimensional formulation. The employed test methods are explained in the third chapter and a new method for characterising measured imperfections is given. The fourth chapter is reserved to the results and their analysis. A correlation between buckling loads and the measured geometrical imperfections is established and statistical analysis of the test data is presented. The influence of local imperfections onto the critical loads is studied by means of numerical calculations. The threshold pressure from which the post buckling behaviour is stable is determined by analysing the test data. The design recommendations ECCS and DASt, in which the combined loading of flexion and internal pressure is not defined explicitly, are verified by the test data
Thi, Van Diem. « Modélisation du comportement au feu des structures en bois ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0363/document.
Texte intégralNumerical modelling of timber structures in fire conditions requires the knowledge of the variation with temperature of the physical properties of the wood material (the thermal conductivity, the specific heat and the density) in order to take into account the thermal degradation of wood under high temperatures during the drying, pyrolysis and combustion phases, as well as the temperature profiles in the thickness of the surfaces exposed to fire. In particular, this work focusses on the thermomechanical behaviour of timber. The heat transfer analysis is described by the standard equations of heat conduction. It includes the three modes of heat transfer: conduction, radiation and convection. The structural response is modelled within the framework of thermodynamics of irreversible processes using the notion of state variables. It takes into account the coupling between the orthotropic elastic behaviour, the anisotropic plastic behaviour with isotropic nonlinear hardening, and isotropic damage. The numerical integration of the equilibrium equations is carried out with an iterative implicit scheme combining the technique of radial re- turn with the reduction of the number of equations. The thermomechanical coupling is carried out according to the approach recommended by Eurocode 5 for the fire resistance of timber structures by applying the reduction factor Kθ to the strength of a softwood. The theoretical aspects and boundary conditions associated with the thermomechanical model are also discussed. The parameters of the model are identified with experimental data obtained from actual fire tests available in the literature. Several comparative applications are carried out. The finite element model accurately reproduces the distribution of the temperature profile in the thickness of timber planks, the formation of the charred layer, and the evolution of the mechanical resistance during exposure to fire
Lainé, Eric. « Lois de comportement isotropes non-linéaires en grandes déformations ; application au caoutchouc ». Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2312.
Texte intégralBelattar, Adel. « Analyses multi-échelles du comportement et la durée de vie d’aciers inoxydables 304L sous sollicitations cycliques avec pré-écrouissage ». Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAM0004/document.
Texte intégralThis study investigates the effects of loading history on the cyclic stress-strain curve and fatigue behavior of 304L stainless steel at room temperature. Tension-compression tests were performed ont the same specimen under controlled strain, using several loading sequences of increasing or decreasing amplitude. The results showed that fatigue life is significantly reduced by the previous loading history. A previously developed method for determining the effect of prehardening was evaluated. Microstructural analyses were also performed; the microstructures after preloading and their evolution during the fatigue cycles were characterized by TEM. The results of these analyses improve our understanding of the macroscopic properties of 304L stainless steel and can help us identify the causes of failure and lifetime reduction
Bahedi, Moulay Lakbir. « Modelisation par un milieu continu equivalent du comportement mecanique des massifs rocheux a fissuration diffuse et isotrope ». Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0381.
Texte intégralMounajed, Ghassan. « La modélisation de la maçonnerie armée par la méthode des éléments finis. Application aux maçonneries de petits éléments creux ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529510.
Texte intégralLin, Jun. « Nonlinear transient analysis of isotropic and composite shell structures under dynamic loading by SPH method ». Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997702.
Texte intégralRadi, Mohamed. « Modélisation de l'effet de la forme de l'inclusion sur le comportement élasto-inélastique des polycristaux hétérogènes ». Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066230.
Texte intégralPétry, Charles. « Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement et de l'endommagement d'alliages métalliques sur une grande plage de température ». Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133696.
Texte intégralMillien, Anne. « Comportement anisotrope du grès des Vosges : élasto-plasticité, localisation, rupture ». Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749405.
Texte intégralBelattar, Adel. « Analyses multi-échelles du comportement et la durée de vie d'aciers inoxydables 304L sous sollicitations cycliques avec pré-écrouissage ». Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819298.
Texte intégralOulahna, Ahmed. « Etude du comportement du grès rouge de Wildmoor. Application à l'analyse de stabilité d'un forage pétrolier en cours de creusement et de production ». Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523152.
Texte intégralOulahna, Ahmed. « Etude du comportement du grès rouge de Wildmoor. Application à l'analyse de stabilité d'un forage pétrolier en cours de creusement et de production ». Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9622.
Texte intégralThis study concerns the mechanical behaviour and the failure conditions of a reservoir rock (red Wildmoor sandstone) Several stress paths, in axisymetric conditions (uniaxial and triaxial compression tests, extension tests), have allowed to characterize the constitutive behaviour of the rock. The material damage is quantified through triaxial compression tests with loading and unloading cycles. The constitutive law developed takes into account the stress and damage dependency of the leastic parameters. The plastic hebaviour of the rock is described by a non-linear Mohr-Coulomb criteria which takes into account the pressure dependency of the plastic parameters (friction and dilatancy coefficient). It involves an isotropic friction hardening phase and a kinematic cohesion softening one. This constitutive model is extended to non-coaxial plasticity theory for appropriate prediction of strain localization. Borehole stability during the drilling phase and the production phase is studied. This involves the developpement of a code to compute the stress field around the borehole during drilling and oil production. The study of the occurrence of various instabiity modes (shear band formation, surface instability) has shown promineately the influence of the dilatancy of the rock, the depth of the borehole and the pressure gradient applied at the borehole wall during production
Seifaddini, Rashk Olia Mahdiyeh. « Développement d’un modèle de comportement uniaxial pour la glace polycristalline isotrope ». Thèse, 2018. http://constellation.uqac.ca/4510/1/SelfaddiniRashkOlia_uqac_0862D_10427.pdf.
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