Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Islam – Social aspects – France »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Islam – Social aspects – France"
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Udasmoro, Wening. « Othering and Selfing : Reading Gender Hierarchies and Social Categories in Michel Houellebecq's Novel Soumission ». Jurnal Humaniora 30, no 1 (24 février 2018) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.32122.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In literature, questions of the self and the other are frequently presented. The identity politics that gained prominence after the attack on the World Trade Center in New York on 11 September 2001 has occupied considerable space in this debate throughout the globe, including in France. One example of a novel dealing with the self and other is Michel Houellebecq’s Soumission (2015). This article attempts to explore the processes of selfing and othering in this work. The politics of identity that seems to present Muslims and Islam as the other and French as the self is also extended to other identities and aspects involved in the novel. This article attempts to show, first, how the French author Houellebecq positions the self and other in Soumission; second, the type of self and other the novel focuses on; and third, how its selfing and othering processes reveal the gender hierarchy and social categorization of French society. It finds that the novel presents a hierarchy in its narrative through which characters are positioned based on their gender and sexual orientation, as well as their age and ethnic heritage.
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Udasmoro, Wening. « Othering and Selfing : Reading Gender Hierarchies and Social Categories in Michel Houellebecq's Novel Soumission ». Jurnal Humaniora 30, no 1 (24 février 2018) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v30i1.32122.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In literature, questions of the self and the other are frequently presented. The identity politics that gained prominence after the attack on the World Trade Center in New York on 11 September 2001 has occupied considerable space in this debate throughout the globe, including in France. One example of a novel dealing with the self and other is Michel Houellebecq’s Soumission (2015). This article attempts to explore the processes of selfing and othering in this work. The politics of identity that seems to present Muslims and Islam as the other and French as the self is also extended to other identities and aspects involved in the novel. This article attempts to show, first, how the French author Houellebecq positions the self and other in Soumission; second, the type of self and other the novel focuses on; and third, how its selfing and othering processes reveal the gender hierarchy and social categorization of French society. It finds that the novel presents a hierarchy in its narrative through which characters are positioned based on their gender and sexual orientation, as well as their age and ethnic heritage.
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Udasmoro, Wening. « Gender and Islam : On the Politics of Sexuality of Muslim Male Authors In Indonesia and France ». Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 21, no 1 (8 juin 2022) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2022.211.1-11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara karya sastra dan perubahan social terkait dengan politik seksualitas. Secara umum, karya-karya sastra di dunia yang ditulis oleh pengarang laki-laki, secara historis memiliki muatan yang banyak memosisikan perempuan sebagai objek terutama terkait dengan tubuh dan seksualitasnya. Setelah peristiwa 11 September 2001 yang secara koinsidental hampir bersamaan dengan munculnya era Reformasi di Indonesia, baik di Indonesia maupun Prancis semakin banyak karya-karya bertemakan Islam yang ditulis. Dengan menganalisis karya-karya bertemakan Islam yang ditulis oleh pengarang laki-laki, yakni Syngué Sabour Pierrede Patience, karya Atiq Rahimi and Ayat-Ayat Cinta karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy, artikel ini menggunakan lensa teori dengan mengetengahakn konsep mengenai politik seksualitas. Sebagai metode, digunakan analisis wacana kritis sebagai usaha untuk memahami beroperasinya kekuasaa bahasa di dalam karya-karya tersebut. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah pada aspek fundamental yang dipandang oleh penulis novel untuk menjustifikan kontrol terhadap seksualitas perempuan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tubuh dan seksualitas perempuan dikendalikan baik secara fisik maupun simbolis, tidak hanya oleh laki-laki tetapi juga oleh keluarga dan masyarakat. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengontrol moralitas publik dan untuk melanggengkan rejim kekuasaan laki-laki yang dilembagakan secara agama, budaya dan politik. [The article aims to explore the relation between the work of literature and the social changes on the politics of sexuality. In general, literary works written by male authors, historically have a lot of content that positions women as objects, especially related to their body and sexuality. After the incident of September, 11, 2001, which coincidentally almost in the same time with the emergence of the Refromasi era in Indonesia, both in Indonesia and France, more Islamic-themed work were written. By analyzing Islamic-themed works written by male authors, namely, Syngué Sabour Pierre de Patience by Atiq Rahimi and Ayat-Ayat Cinta, by Habiburrahman ElShirazy, this article uses a theoretical lens by highliting the concept of the politics of sexuality. Critical discourse analysis method is used as an attempt to understand the operation of the power of language in these works. This article focused on the fundamental aspects considered by the authors to justify the control over women’s body and sexuality. This research finds that women’s body and sexuality are controlled both physically and symbolically, not only by men but also by their families and society. The objective is to control the public morality and to perpetuate the religiously, culturally, and politically institutionalized male dominant regime.]
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Benoist, Raphaël, Philippe Walker, Karine Allain-Baco et Régis Aubry. « Palliative Care Needs Assessment in the Population Living in Mayotte : SPMAYOTTE, a Qualitative Study Conducted with 62 Patients, Caregivers and Healthcare Professionals ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 6 (16 mars 2022) : 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063540.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background/Aim: Mayotte is a French island in the Indian Ocean. There is no palliative care structure in this territory. The island and its population have specific characteristics: insularity, poverty, coexistence of modern and traditional medicine, importance of religion (Islam) and the presence of many foreigners without health insurance. The aim of this study is to determine the palliative care needs of the Mayotte population and propose the establishment of an appropriate service. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Mayotte using interviews with patients and their caregivers, and focus groups were conducted with healthcare professionals involved in their care. Patients requiring palliative care were identified and recruited from the hospital or the patient’s home by healthcare professionals. Results: A total of 62 people participated in the study between May and June 2019. The needs expressed were analysed and then grouped into categories: access to medical care (especially at home), management of physical symptoms (analgesia) and psychological symptoms, organisation of care (coordination between healthcare professionals) and training of healthcare professionals (pain management, palliative care, interculturality and translation), taking into account cultural and religious aspects. Regarding the foreign population, the categories were: improving access to healthcare, access to the social protection system and daily living conditions (transport, food and accommodation). Conclusions: The specific needs of the population, assessed through the study, have led to an original proposal, which differs from the usual structures of palliative care in France.
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Oschwald, H. « Islam in France ». Public Culture 1, no 2 (1 avril 1989) : 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-1-2-93.
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Baier, Martin, Sri Kuhnt-Saptodewo, H. J. M. Claessen, Annette B. Weiner, Charles A. Coppel, Wang Gungwu, Heleen Gall et al. « Book Reviews ». Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 150, no 3 (1994) : 588–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003081.
Texte intégralRésumé :
- Martin Baier, Sri Kuhnt-Saptodewo, Zum Seelengeliet bei den Ngaju am Kahayan; Auswertung eines Sakraltextes zur Manarung-Zeremonie beim totenfest. München: Akademischer Verlag,1993 (PhD thesis, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universitiy München). - H.J.M. Claessen, Annette B. Weiner, Inalienable Possessions; The paradox of keeping-while-giving. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992, 232 pp. Bibl. Index - Charles A. Coppel, Wang Gungwu, Community and Nation; China, Southeast Asia and Australia. Sydney: Asian studies of Australia in association with Allen & Unwin, 1992 (2nd revised edition), viii + 359 pp - Heleen Gall, W. J. Mommsen, European expansion and Law; the encounter of European and Indigenous Law in 19th- and 20th- century Africa and Asia. Oxford; Berg publishers, 1992, vi + 339 pp, J.A. de Moor (eds.) - Beatriz van der Goes, C. W. Watson, Kinship, Property and inheritance in Kerinci, Central Sumatra. Canterbury:University of Kent, Centre for Social Anthropology and computing Monographs no: 4. South-East Asian Series, 1992, ix + 255 pp - Kees Groeneboer, Tom van der Berge, Van Kenis tot kunst; Soendanese poezie in de koloniale tijd. Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Lieden, November 1993, 220 pp - Kees Groeneboer, J.E.A.M. Lelyveld, ‘... waarlijk geen overdaad, doch een dringende eisch..’’; Koloniaal onderwijs en onderwijsbeleid in Nederlands-Indië 1893-1942. Proefschrift Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, 1992. - Marleen Heins, R. Anderson Sutton, Variation in Central Javanese gamelan music; Dynamics of a steady state. Northern Illinois University: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Monograph series on Southeast Asia, (Special Report 28 ),1993. - Marleen Heins, E. Heins, Jaap Kunst, Indonesian music and dance; Traditional music and its interaction with the West. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute/Tropenmuseum, University of Amsterdam, Ethnomusicology Centre `Jaap Junst’, 1994, E. den Otter, F. van Lamsweerde (eds.) - David Henley, Harold Brookfield, South-East Asia’s environmental future; The search for sustainability. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1993, xxxii + 422 pp., maps, tables, figures, index., Yvonne Byron (eds.) - Antje van der Hoek, Keebet von Benda-Beckmann, De emancipatie van Molukse vrouwen in Nederland. Utrecht: Van Arkel,1992, Francy Leatemia-Toma-tala (eds.) - Michael Hitchcock, Brita L. Miklouho-Maklai, Exposing Society’s Wounds; Some aspects of Indonesian Art since 1966. Adelaide: Flinders University Asian studies Monograph No.5, illustrations, 1991, iii + 125 pp - Nico Kaptein, Fred R. von der Mehden, Two Worlds of Islam; Interaction between Southeast Asia and the Middle East.Gainesville etc: University Press of Florida 1993, xiii + 128 pp - Nico Kaptein, Karel Steenbrink, Dutch Colonialism and Indonesian Islam; Contacts and Conflicts 1596-1950. Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, 1993. - Harry A. Poeze, Rudolf Mrázek, Sjahrir; Politics and exile in Indonesia. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program, 1994. - W.G.J. Remmelink, Takao Fusayama, A Japanese memoir of Sumatra 1945-1946; Love and hatred in the liberation war. Ithaca: Cornell University (Cornell Modern Indonesia Project Monograph series 71), 1993, 151 pp., maps, illustrations. - Ratna Saptari, Diana Wolf, Factory Daughters; Gender, Household Dynamics, and Rural Industrialization in Java. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. - Ignatius Supriyanto, Ward Keeler, Javanese Shadow Puppets. Singapore (etc.): Oxford University Press, 1992, vii + 72 pp.,bibl., ills. (Images of Asia). - Brian Z. Tamanaha,S.J.D., Juliana Flinn, Review of diplomas and thatch houses; Asserting tradition in a changing Micronesia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992. - Gerard Termorshuizen, Dorothée Buur, Indische jeugdliteratuur; Geannoteerde bibliografie van jeugdboeken over Nederlands-Indië en Indonesië, 1825-1991. Leiden, KITLV Uitgeverij, 1992, 470 pp., - Barbara Watson Andaya, Reinout Vos, Gentle Janus, merchant prince; The VOC and the tightrope of diplomacy in the Malay world, 1740-1800. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1994, xii + 252 pp.
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Aloush, Abeer. « Terror in France ». American Journal of Islam and Society 34, no 4 (1 octobre 2017) : 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v34i4.804.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Gilles Kepel is a French political scientist and Arabist with a global reputationfor understanding Islam as an ideological, political, and social force.Among his books are Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet andPharaoh (1985), Allah in the West: Islamic Movements in America and Europe(1996), Jihad: The Trial of Political Islam (2003), The Roots of RadicalIslam (2005), Al Qaeda in Its Own Words (2006; co-edited with Jean-PereerMilelli), The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West (2006), and BeyondTerror and Martyrdom: The Future of the Middle East (2010).
In Terror in France: The Rise of Jihad in the West, his latest and bestsellingbook for 2016, he makes the case that this phenomenon has passedthrough two phases and recently entered a third one. The first phase began inthe 1990s with Mohamed Kelkal and was related to the Algerian civil war.Terrorism was used as a tool to force France to end its support for the coupthat had negated the Islamists’ electoral victory. The second phase began in2012 with the Toulouse and Montauban shootings that were linked to al-Qaeda. Globalization now enabled a network of jihadists linked to Afghanistanto serve the Muslim cause. The (posited) third phase, which would developafter the Arab Spring was launched, would see French jihadists sent to fight ...
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Yildiz, Tarik. « Islam et lien social dans les quartiers défavorisés d’Île-de-France ». Sociétés 138, no 4 (2017) : 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/soc.138.0073.
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Schumm, Walter R., et Alison L. Kohler. « Social Cohesion and the Five Pillars of Islam ». American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no 2 (1 avril 2006) : 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i2.1635.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A great deal of animosity exists between the western world (andits perceptions of Islam) and the Muslim world (and its perceptionsof the West). In an attempt to break down stereotypical perceptionsamong non-Muslim university students, instruction in aclass on “Understanding Islam” includes numerous aspects of thelogical wisdom of Islam. One such illustration concerns the roleof the Five Pillars in supporting and maintaining social cohesionamong monotheists. A model of social cohesion and the FivePillars is presented for discussion and reflection ...
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Hamès, Constant. « L'Islam en France et en Europe. Présentation / Islam in France and in Europe. A Foreword ». Archives de sciences sociales des religions 68, no 1 (1989) : 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/assr.1989.1392.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Islam – Social aspects – France"
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Kakpo, Nathalie. « Jeunes issus de l'immigration et Islam : famille, école, travail et identifications religieuses ». Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082540.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les religiosités musulmanes des jeunes issus de l'immigration maghrébine et turque originaires des classes populaires sont au cœur de cette étude. L'hypothèse centrale de ce travail est que les identifications religieuses juvéniles ne peuvent être appréhendées qu'au travers d'une analyse de leurs parcours familiaux, scolaires et professionnels. C'est dans les trajectoires d'accès aux places des enfants des classes populaires que s'enracinent les motivations, formes et contenus des religiosités musulmanes et non dans l'appartenance à une communauté musulmane réifiée. Les garçons désirent accéder à une autre image d'eux-mêmes que celles que leur renvoient les acteurs institutionnels ou les jugements parentaux. Quant aux filles, elles désirent se défaire des jugements dévalorisants des frères et du contrôle social que ces derniers exercent sur ellesMy research deals with religious commitments of french native north african and turkish and their manifestations in political arena. Our main hypothesis is that it's necessary to analyse the social trajectories of the young men, their experiences at school, on the labour market to understand their attitudes regarding to religion
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Jouanneau, Solenne. « Les imams en France : réinvention et tentatives d'appropriation d'un magistère religieux en contexte migratoire ». Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070054.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse s'intéresse, dans une perspective à la fois socio-historique et ethnographique, aux processus de réinventions et de réappropriations d'une autorité religieuse dans le contexte migratoire français au travers de la figure particulière des imams. Articulant une sociologie de l'immigration (qui est toujours en partie une sociologie de l'Etat d'accueil et une sociologie des classes populaires) et sociologie du fait religieux et de ses clercs, elle est basée sur l'hypothèse que les imams, en tant que « clercs-migrants » expérimentent deux versants opposés de la domination (dominer en tant que clercs et être dominés en tant qu'« immigrés »). A ce titre, elle revient d'abord sur la manière dont ces intellectuels organiques de la migration se sont progressivement trouvés en mesure d'exercer un leadership religieux et communautaire au fur et à mesure de l'installation et de la sédentarisation de plusieurs générations de migrants de confession musulmane sur le territoire français. Elle tente ensuite de cerner la manière dont ces « clercs-immigrés » ont peu à peu été institués en objet de politique publique par les agents de l'Etat français, au nom de l'autorité qu'ils exerceraient au sein des communautés musulmanes. Enfin, pour finir, elle s'interroge sur la nature concrète de l'autorité exercée par les imams sur et avec leurs fidèles, en montrant ce que cette autorité doit aux réappropriations localisées de ce rôle dans les mosquées françaisesThis dissertation examines, in a socio-historic and ethnographic perspective, the reapproprations and reinventions of a religious authority in thé French immigration framework through the particular case of imams. This research combines a sociology of immigration (which is partly a sociology of the receiving State and a sociology of popular classes) and a sociology of religion and its clerics. Its premise is that imams, as "migrant-cleric" experiment the two sides of domination (they dominate as clerics and are dominated as "immigrants"). Therefore, this study first analyzes the way these "organic" intellectuals of migration have managed to exercise a religious and community leadership with the establishment of several generations of Muslim migrants in France. Secondly, it tries to identify how these "migrant-clerics" have been gradually instituted as objects of public policy by the French State because of their supposed influence over the Muslim communities. Finally, it studies the nature of the real authority of imams over and with their followers, showing what this authority owes to the localized reapproprations of this role in French mosques
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Donnet, Claire. « Des mobilisations autour de la reconnaissance de l’islam en France : étude de la puissance d’agir de sujets musulmans intégralistes ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
À travers l’étude de trois types de mobilisations autour de la reconnaissance de l’islam en France, notre thèse de doctorat questionne la puissance d’agir (agency) de sujets musulmans intégralistes. Insérés dans une société régie par des ensembles de normes complexes et variables, dans laquelle la norme religieuse n’est qu’une norme parmi d’autres, ces sujets désirent vivre par et à l’intérieur des normes musulmanes. Ce désir leur étant fortement dénié, il les pousse à « travailler » autant les normes majoritaires que l’idéalité des normes musulmanes. Dans une perspective butlérienne, nous allons nous attacher à l’étude de la puissance d’agir de ces sujets musulmans et à l’analyse des diverses manières de réaménager les normes qui les constituent. Les demandes de reconnaissance formulées par les enquêtés constituent leurs puissances d’agir. Elles se développent à des degrés fort variés, en combinant des normes religieuses et des normes relatives au cadre national, et par ce processus, ces sujets de l’islam redéfinissent les conceptions normatives du sujet croyant, du sujet politique et protestataire et enfin du sujet genréBy studying three types of mobilizations aiming at the recognition of Islam in France, our thesis examines the agency of Integralists Muslim subjects. These subjects live in a society governed by sets of complex and varying standards in which the religious norm is just a norm among others. They want to live in and within the Muslim norms but this desire being strongly denied, they are encouraged to "work" the majority norms as well as the ideality of Muslim norms. Using J. Butler’s approach, I studied the agency of Muslim subjects and analyses the various ways to redevelop the standards that constitute them. The demands for recognition made by our respondents constitute their agency. This agency develops in varying degrees combining religious norms and norms relating to the national framework. By this process the subjects of Islam redefine the normative conceptions of the believing subject, of the political and protesting subject, and finally of the gendered subject
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Plivard, Ingrid. « Identité culturelle et identification à l'islam chez les jeunes musulmans issus de l'immigration maghrébine ». Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette recherche exploratoire a pour but de collecter des données sur les jeunes musulmans issus de l'immigration maghrébine en France. Il s'agit d'une part de faire le point sur l'identité culturelle et les stratégies identitaires endossées par cette population et d'autre part de déterminer les modalités d'affiliation à l'islam. Les relations entre stratégies identitaires et identifications religieuses sont également étudiées. L'étude se base sur les théories de l'acculturation et plus particulièrement sur le modèle de Berry. Les identifications à l'islam sont envisagées sous un angle pluridisciplinaire. D'autres dimensions concourant à la compréhension des phénomènes étudiés sont introduites : identité ethnique, estime de soi, bien-être (satisfaction de vie), pratique religieuse et enfin discrimination subjective. Nous avons utilisé un questionnaire pour mener à bien cette recherche. Il se compose de sept parties distinctes qui correspondent aux dimensions citées plus haut. Nous avons récolté et analysé 491 questionnaires. La typologie de stratégies obtenue s'avère plus complexe que celle proposée par le modèle de Berry. De plus, nous avons pu vérifier la complémentarité des différents modèles d'acculturation existants. Nous obtenons cinq facteurs d'identification à l'islam. Le plus significatif d'entre eux traduit l'importance de la religion comme source d'accompagnement et de repère dans la vie. Enfin, l'interprétation de l'influence de la discrimination subjective s'avère complexe, malgré le fait que les sujets y soient sensiblesThe purpose of this exploratory research is to collect data on the young Moslems resulting from Maghrebian (North African) immigration in France. It is a question on the one hand of giving a progress report on the cultural identity and the identity strategies endorsed by this population and on the other hand to determine the methods of affiliation to Islam. The relations between identity strategies and religious identifications are also studied. The study is based on the theories of acculturation and more particularly on the model of Berry. The identifications with Islam are considered under a multi-field angle. Other dimensions contributing to the comprehension of the studied phenomena are introduced: ethnic identity, self esteem, well being, practical of the religion and finally subjective discrimination. We used a questionnaire to conclude this research. It is composed of seven distinct parts which correspond to dimensions referred to above. We collected and analyzed 491 questionnaires. The typology of strategies obtained proves more complex than that proposed by the model of Berry. Moreover, we could check the complementarity of the various existing models of acculturation. We obtain five factors of identification to Islam. The most significant of them shows the importance of the religion like source of accompaniment and reference mark in everyday life. Lastly, the interpretation of the influence of subjective discrimination proves to be complex, in spite of the fact that the subjects are sensitive there
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Sèze, Romain. « Être imam en France : l'exercice de l'autorité à l'épreuve de la disparition de l'évidence religieuse ». Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0141.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En France, les imams sont devenus un sujet important du débat public depuis les années 1990. En dépit des controverses dont ils sont chroniquement la cible, très peu d'enquêtes de terrain leurs ont été consacrées jusqu'à présent. C'est à partir d'investigations menées auprès de trente imams que cette recherche propose d'analyser la sécularisation du magistère islamique, en observant comment les imams ajustent leurs pratiques de domination aux mutations religieuses contemporaines et à la place particulière occupée par l'islam dans la société française. La thèse centrale défendue dans cette étude est la suivante : les imams sont les agents du formatage de l'islam, c'est-à-dire de l'intégration de l'islam dans des paradigmes communs aux autres religions. Mettre à jour ce rôle clé permettra de dresser un état des lieux objectif sur la place des imams dans la structuration du fait islamique en France, et d'enrichir les débats contemporains en sociologie des religions à partir des éclairages inédits offerts par ce terrain encore mal connuAlthough imams have been an important and controversial topic of much public debate since the 1990s, very few investigations have actually been devoted to them. With an investigation into thirty imams, this research analyzes the secularization of the Imamate from a "bottom up" perspective and examines how imam's practices of domination adjust to contemporary religious changes and to the special place occupied by Islam in French society. The central thesis advanced by this research is as follows : Imams are agents of Islam's formatting, i. E. The integration of Islam in common paradigms with other religious. Exposing the key role of these actors will provide an objective state of affairs on their place in the structuring of Islam in France, and will enrich contemporary debates in the sociology of religion through the insights offered by this poorly known field
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Picard, Alice. « Gouvernement de la visibilité religieuse et reconfiguration des frontières symboliques : La gouvernance de l'islam à travers quatre cas d'étude franco-britanniques ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Par l'exploration comparative de quatre cas d'étude municipaux, en France, en Angleterre et en Écosse, cette thèse se propose de contribuer au débat scientifique entre « modèles nationaux » (part du national) et autonomie locale. En s'appuyant sur la sociologie des problèmes publics et la sociologie de l'action publique, notre thèse se donne pour ambition d'étudier la manière dont la régulation du fait musulman – défini comme conjonction entre l'organisation d'un culte et la présence de populations musulmanes diversement pratiquantes – est affectée par la construction d'un « problème musulman » à diverses échelles : locale, nationale et internationale. Afin de déterminer si l’islam constitue une catégorie d’intervention publique, nous mobilisons l’approche cognitive des politiques publique et l’analyse de leur instrumentation. Notre démarche socio-historique impose de recourir ponctuellement à la notion de « sentier de dépendance ». Cette thèse met en évidence trois résultats principaux. Le premier est que le contexte national reste une variable prépondérante des choix de politiques publiques municipaux. Le deuxième est que la gouvernance du fait musulman doit être appréhendée comme une configuration triangulaire au sein de laquelle sont allouées des ressources matérielles et symboliques. Le troisième est que malgré les différences nationales, une convergence peut être observée au cours des quinze dernières années sous l'influence du cadrage sécuritaire du «problème musulman ». Il en résulte, dans les deux pays, une tendance à la surveillance des comportements musulmans qui fait évoluer l'action publique de la gouvernance au gouvernement. Cette évolution s’appuie sur la redéfinition des frontières symboliques entre espaces public et privé mais aussi de la nation. La religiosité musulmane fait l’objet d’une entreprise symbolique qui vise à en déterminer les expressions (in)acceptablesThrough comparative research into four municipal case studies in France, England and Scotland, this thesis intends to contribute to the scientific debate between "national models" (national share) and local autonomy. Based on the sociology of public problems and the sociology of public action, our thesis sets out to study how the regulation of the Muslim faith - defined as the combination between the organization of a faith and the presence of diverse Muslim populations - is affected by the construction of a "Muslim problem" at different levels: local, national and international. In order to determine whether Islam constitutes a category of public intervention, we draw on the cognitive approach to public policies and the analysis of their instrumentation. Our socio-historical approach requires the occasional use of the notion of "path of dependency". Through comparative research into four municipal case studies in France, England and Scotland, this thesis intends to contribute to the scientific debate between "national models" (national share) and local autonomy. Based on the sociology of public problems and the sociology of public action, our thesis sets out to study how the regulation of the Muslim faith - defined as the combination between the organization of a faith and the presence of diverse Muslim populations - is affected by the construction of a "Muslim problem" at different levels: local, national and international. In order to determine whether Islam constitutes a category of public intervention, we draw on the cognitive approach to public policies and the analysis of their instrumentation. Our socio-historical approach requires the occasional use of the notion of "path of dependency"
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Id, Yassine Rachid. « Islam et régionalisme européen : territoire, religion et identité en Catalogne française ». Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans le Roussillon contemporain, les identités catalane, française et européenne se mêlent et s’entremêlent, marquant leurs empreintes sur un même territoire et dans la vie ordinaire de la population locale. L’émergence de la religiosité musulmane au sein d’une société civile structurée autour d’une identité régionale, s’illustre comme catalyseur d’un débat interne aux État-nations européens. L’Europe est redéfinie par les interactions à l’échelle locale où les musulmans font l’expérience d’une acculturation catalane encore indécise. À travers l’articulation des méthodes qualitatives (ethnographie) et quantitatives (questionnaire), cette enquête inédite fournit un matériau empirique abondant, dessinant un portrait relativement exhaustif des musulmans de Catalogne française dont l’identité s’avère être d’une formidable complexité. Échappant à toute réification, le phénomène identitaire est ici conçu comme une fluence appréhendée à l’aide d’une modélisation systémique des rapports entre islamité et catalanitéIn contemporary Roussillon, Catalan, French and European identities crisscross and intermingle, marking their footprints on the same territory and in the ordinary life of the local population. The emergence of Muslim religiosity within a society structured around a regional identity, catalyses internal debates among European nation-states. Europe is redefined by local interactions whereby Muslims experience a still undecided Catalan acculturation. Through the articulation of qualitative (ethnography) and quantitative (questionnaire) methods, this new study provides abundant empirical material, drawing a fairly comprehensive portrait of Muslims in French Catalonia whose identity proves to be extraordinarily complex. Beyond any reification, the phenomenon of identity is here conceived as a flow, which is apprehended through a system modeling of the relationship between Islamity and Catalanity
En el Rosselló contemporània, les identitats català, francès i europeu es barregen i s’entrellacen, marcant les seves empremtes en mateix territori i en la vida quotidiana de la població local. El sorgiment de la religiositat musulmana en una societat estructurada entorn d'una identitat regional, s’illustra com un catalitzador per al debat intern als Estats-nació europeus. Europa s’ha redefinit per les interaccions a nivell local on els musulmans estan experimentant aculturació català encara no està decidit. A través de l’articulació dels mètodes qualitatius (etnografia) i quantitatius (qüestionari), aquest nou estudi proporciona una abundant material empíric, formant una imatge relativament completa dels musulmans de Catalunya francesa, la identitat resulta ser de gran complexitat. Més enllà de qualsevol essencialització, el fenomen de la identitat és concebuda com una flux aprehendido per mitjà d’un model sistèmic de la relació entre la islàmitat i la catalanitat
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Telhine, Mohammed. « L'islam et les musulmans en France : une histoire de Mosquées ». Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0101.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lorsqu'on appréhende l'histoire de l'Islam en France, la mosquée, symbole le plus saillant de l'Islam, semble être un enjeu central autour duquel s'élaborent des politiques et se cristallisent des passions. La mosquée joue parfois dans les relations de la France avec l'Islam le rôle d'un indice dans l'échelle de l'altérité qui révèle, dans un lieu donné ou dans un moment de l'histoire, le degré d'ouverture à l'autre. Comment ce symbole - au détriment de tous les autres aspects civilisationnels de l'Islam - perçu comme un élément déstructurant de la sémiotique locale française exacerbant ainsi les résistances et les rejets, fut-il au cœur de la problématique représentationnelle de l'Islam et de la France ? L'importance et l'installation définitive des immigrés musulmans en France, la montée de l'islamisme et les rivalités associatives islamiques en France montrent la centralité de la mosquée dans les enjeux territoriaux, le discours et la structuration identitaires mais aussi dans les stratégies des contrôles étatiques et associatifs. On convoquera ici la sociologie de l'islam et de l'immigration musulmane en France. Soumise à la nécessité, sinon à l'urgence d'avoir un interlocuteur « communautaire », la République, bravant « l'inviolabilité » de la loi du 9 décembre 1905, réactiva son réflexe interventionniste colonial hérité de l'Algérie française pour organiser le culte musulman de France. L'autochtonisation de l'islam en France, désormais institutionnalisé, se traduit d'abord par une demande croissante de lieux de culte dont les mosquées-cathédrales. Celles-ci induisent une visibilisation qui se heurte souvent aux résistances locales. Il s'agit d'étudier ce mouvementWhen trying to understand the history of Islam in France, the mosque, the most salient symbol of Islam, seems to be a central issue around which policies are developed and much passion and controversy is generated. The mosque has in fact always played a key role in the relation that France has had with Islam and is a kind of indicator of the degree of openness of the society in any given historical period. How did this symbol often se en as a destabilising element to the local French way of life by exacerbating existing tensions, come to be at the heart of the representational problem regarding Islam and France? The permanent settlement of Muslim immigrants, the rise of Islamism and the development of various rivalries between Islamic organisations in France is indicative of the centrality of the mosque when it comes to territorial politics, identity discourse and formation as well as to the strategies of state and organisational control. For this reason the sociology of Islam and the sociology of Muslim immigration in France has also been explored. Faced with the necessity, if not the urgency of having a "community" representative with which it could deal with, the French Republic reactivated its colonial reflexes by deciding to make a break with the supposed "untouchable" law of 9 December 1905 regarding laïcité by creating a representative Muslim body in France (CFCM). The development of a specifically French Islam, now institutionalised, has led to an increasing demand for places of worship including the construction of so called 'Cathedral-Mosques'. These represent a visibility which often comes into conflict with local concerns. This element is also addressed
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Rodier, Christine. « Manger pour croire : le halal comme incorporation d'une norme : étude transgénérationnelle de descendants de migrants "berbères" ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Si les liens entre l’alimentation et la religion se sont distendus dans un monde sécularisé, les pratiques alimentaires constituent encore aujourd’hui un marqueur d’identité et d’attachement à « Dieu ». C’est dans cette perspective que nous nous sommes intéressés à l’émergence d’une consommation de produits halal au sein de migrants Berbères Marocains et de leurs descendants vivant en Moselle. Notre projet s’inscrit dans une volonté de saisir cette consommation à travers un héritage à la fois familial, culturel et politique et une trajectoire propre à chaque acteur. Manger halal sera abordé ici sous l’angle d’un fait religieux comportant de multiples dimensions, à la fois collective, matérielle, symbolique et sensible. Si manger halal renvoie aux interdits alimentaires propres au système religieux de l’islam, cette pratique n’explique pas pour autant les raisons pour lesquelles un individu respecte une prescription, un interdit. En nous inspirant des approches de Michel de Certeau, de Jean-Noël Ferrié ou encore de Saba Mahmood, nous montrerons comment un individu, par le biais de l’incorporation, matérialise sa foi et construit ses appartenances. Loin d’apparaître comme une essentialisation des pratiques alimentaires, manger halal produit de nouveaux types de mangeur où le croire constitue une technique de soi destinée à créer chez l’acteur des capacités de réflexivité et d’agentivitéIf the links between food and religion have weakened in a secularized world, feeding practices are still a marker of identity and attachment to "God". With this in mind, we are interested in the emergence of a consumption of halal products by Berber Moroccan migrants and their descendants living in Moselle.Our project is a desire to use this consumption through a legacy of both family, cultural and political trajectory that is specific for each actor. Eating Halal is discussed here in terms of a religious fact with multiple dimensions, both collective, material, symbolic and significant. If eating halal refers to dietary laws specific to Islam religious system, this practice does not explain why an individual meets a requirement, a prohibition. Drawing on the approaches of Michel de Certeau, Jean-Noël Ferrié and Saba Mahmood, we show how an individual, through the incorporation, embodies faith and built its membership. Far from appearing as an essentialization of feeding practices, eating halal produces new types of eaters for whom the believe is a technique designed to create for the actor a capability of agency and reflexivity
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Azab, Lamiss. « Dire l'Islam en banlieue : de l'offre islamique à l'expérience religieuse et aux présentations de soi, terrains croisés (2001-2006) ». Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0006.
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L’offre islamique circulant sur le champ religieux français est hétérogène. Elle regroupe discours produits sur le terrain français et éléments importés du monde musulman, accessibles sur cassettes, chaînes satellites et Internet. Dans certains quartiers de la banlieue parisienne, cette offre discursive représente une source de valorisation essentielle pour des lycéens (15-20 ans), se sentant affligés de nombreux stigmates relatifs à leur appartenance même à la banlieue, a l’origine maghrébine et à la religion musulmane. Pour répondre à ces disqualifications et discriminations, réelles ou imaginaires, dont ils font l’objet, les jeunes ont recours à des stratégies de présentations d’eux-mêmes où ils cherchent la reconnaissance de l’Autre et où la visibilité de l’islam peut aller jusqu’à la provocation. Dans ces parts d’expérience religieuse, les acteurs se réapproprient les discours islamiques pour réaliser leurs objectifs et avancent des propos intéressants à analyser en rapport avec l’offre religieuse de départThe Islamic offer in the French religious field is heterogeneous as it covers different discourses produced in France as well as others produced in the Islamic world accessible on cassettes, satellite channels and Internet. In certain Parisian suburbs (banlieues), these Islamic discourses are a fundamental source of valorisation for High School students (15-20 years old) who feel the burden of numerous stigmas (such as being part of the banlieue, born in a family of North African origin and Muslim). As a response to these disqualifications which may be real or imaginary, these young people follow different strategies of self presentation, trying to win the recognition of the Others. In these presentations, Islam could become so visible that it would be provoking. Going through these religious experiences, the actors make theirs the Islamic discourses to realise their objectives and, therefore, they produce their own discourses which are interesting to analyse in parallel with the original Islamic offer
Livres sur le sujet "Islam – Social aspects – France"
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Hanretta, Sean. Islam and social change in French West Africa : History of an emancipatory community. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Islam and social change in French West Africa : History of an emancipatory community. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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As French as everyone else ? : A survey of French citizens of Maghrebin, African, and Turkish origin. Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 2011.
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L' exercice du culte musulman en France : Lieux de prière et d'inhumation. Paris : Documentation française, 2006.
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Hijab and the republic : Uncovering the French headscarf debate. Syracuse, N.Y : Syracuse University Press, 2008.
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Bowen, John Richard. Why the French don't like headscarves : Islam, the State, and public space. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2007.
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Bowen, John Richard. What do we do with a difference ? : France and the debate over headscarves in schools. Brookline, MA : Facing History and Ourselves, 2008.
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Être musulman en France. Paris : L'Harmattan, 2019.
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G̲h̲ifārī, Nūr Muḥammad. Social security in Islam. Lahore : Atiq Publishing House, 1989.
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Fahmi, M. Islam Transendental : Menelusuri Jejak-jejak Pemikiran Islam Kuntowijoyo. Papringan, Yogyakarta : Pilar Religia, 2005.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Islam – Social aspects – France"
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Danis-Fatôme, Anne, Katrin Deckert, Marie Laure Niboyet et Laurence Sinopoli. « France ». Dans Private International Law Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility, 353–99. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35187-8_10.
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Ivanescu, Carolina. « Secularization, Secularity, and the Secular : Religion and Its Place in Social Life ». Dans Islam and Secular Citizenship in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and France, 15–37. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-57609-5_2.
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Tschebann, Saskya. « Cemetery Enchanted, Encore : Natural Burial in France and Beyond ». Dans Bioarchaeology and Social Theory, 249–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03956-0_11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractOver the past three decades, a silent revolution in funerary practices and cemetery design known as the ‘natural burial movement’ has swept over various national contexts and created a transnational narrative that is embedded in local funerary cultures. Seeking out environmentally-friendly burial alternatives, new cemetery and commemoration concepts take into account the urban lack of space and changing family structures and combine these with a desire for autonomy from economically and ecologically costly burial practices. A salient feature of these new burial sites are their naturalistic design and enchanting appeal. Presenting ethnographic research at France’s first natural cemetery« Cimetière naturel de Souché », which opened in 2014, this chapter examines and reflects on the changes in material as well as immaterial funeral settings within a contemporary European context. The research reveals insights into a heterogenous set of values concerning human body disposal, nature and culture, gift giving and reciprocity, and purity and respect. The main objectives of the cemetery officials originally were geared towards the creation of a place as close to nature’s makeup as possible, a reduction of the ecological footprint of burials, and cost decrease. The most significant aspects for the bereaved and other visitors are, however, an appeal beyond economic and ecologic objectives. Spiritualities, therapeutic death contemplation, and continuous kin care point to an enduring enchantment: meditations veiled in a green hue.
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Noterman, Astrid A., et Alison Klevnäs. « In Search of an Acceptable Past : History, Archaeology, and ‘Looted’ Graves in the Construction of the Frankish Early Middle Ages ». Dans Bioarchaeology and Social Theory, 133–66. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03956-0_6.
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AbstractThe Early Middle Ages have provided material for imagining selves and groups in a wide range of contexts since the earliest beginnings of the historical and archaeological disciplines. Considerable recent research has shown how modern political conflicts and regional-national identities have crystallized in this period in particular. This essay traces ways in which early medieval remains, mainly from the richly furnished cemeteries, have been brought into play in developing scholarly and popular accounts of the history of France. During the second half of the nineteenth century, the recovery of considerable numbers of finely worked grave goods from the large rural cemeteries provided material for studying and reevaluating Merovingian-period societies, previously only glimpsed in written sources and largely out-competed as national ancestors by the popular appeal of Gaulish warriors. Yet paradoxically, another form of discovery in the same burial grounds seemed to place them back in the Dark Ages: many graves were found to have been ransacked and robbed soon after burial, making the communities of the time appear lawless and barbarous. Archaeological attitudes towards excavated early medieval graves, and in particular the many thousands of graves already reopened in antiquity, not only highlight key aspects of the development of the discipline, but also reveal ways in which the remains of the dead may be integral to processes of national identity construction.
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Fraisse, Laurent. « Social and solidarity economy and the co-construction of a new field of local public policies in France ». Dans New perspectives in the co-production of public policies, public services and common goods, 207–26. Liège : CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.css3chap10.
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Public-Owned Enterprises (POEs) are generally large economic enterprises owned and governed by state institutions. POEs generally are the sole or the main provider of the key public goods and services as water, electricity, transport, telecommunications, and postal services. If administered efficiently, the POEs are important for national development and perspective of natural economic resources. The concern is how accurately these monopolistic enterprises are organized in aspects of administrative and managerial perspectives to function as effectively as possible for the objectives they are created. Therefore an overall summary of the public-owned enterprises is presented through their process of emerging, privatization, and evolution in Albania, southeast Europe. The process was accompanied by shortcomings due to its ad-hoc nature; and associated with negative effects of bad management, governance corruption, and low efficiency of the operational activities and results.
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Tausch, Arno. « Discussion and Conclusions of This Study in the Context of the Empirical Results Obtained ». Dans Political Islam and Religiously Motivated Political Extremism, 77–81. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2_6.
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AbstractWe have emphasised in this chapter that our findings do not fit into any simple political template of thinking that has existed for many years on the topic of “Islam” and “migration”. Our findings show that surveys authoritatively designed by Arab social science clearly measure “political Islam”, but that the phenomenon is less pronounced in the population that says it wants to emigrate to the West than in the Arab population as a whole. We have also clearly pointed out that the RMPE cannot be separated from the climate of lawlessness that many observers unfortunately now see rampant, especially in Western industrialised countries, and secondly, that the drivers of the key variables of the RMPE are rooted in such patterns of thought and values as the demand for a redistributive state, the apolitical young generation, the rejection of the neoliberal market economy, corruption and lawlessness as well as racism and xenophobia. The best blockades against the RMPE are feminism and secularism. An honest examination of the phenomenon of RMPE will also not be able to ignore the fact that especially in Catholic countries, where the decay of traditional values is progressing particularly fast, not only the acceptance of corruption but also of political violence is on the rise again. This problem also arises in countries with a confessional orientation towards Eastern religions. The rejection of free-market competition (competition is harmful) is also clearly linked to a higher acceptance of political violence, according to the World Values Survey. The results of our study on political Islam in the Arab world certainly also have some very shocking aspects that cannot simply be swept under the carpet. Weighted by population, the Arab Barometer data show that more than 70% of Arabs have a (sympathetic) understanding of the anti-American terror that culminated in 9/11 in Manhattan. More than 44% of Arabs favour Sharia with corporal punishment, more than 37% want the rights of non-Muslims in society to be less than those of Muslims, and more than 34% also want Sharia to restrict the rights of women. We finally highlight that following the late Harvard economist Alberto Alesina (1957–2020), social trust is an essential general production factor of any social order, and the institutions of national security of the democratic West would do well to make good use of this capital of trust that also exists among Muslims living in the West.
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Jarty, Julie, et Karina Batthyány. « Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe ». Dans Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 361–85. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_12.
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AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).
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« LAÏCITÉ AND ISLAM ». Dans Aspects of Contemporary France, 193–208. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203129210-17.
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« The Institutional and Social Aspects of Later Sufism ». Dans Islam in Historical Perspective, 249–72. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315663777-19.
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« The Social Republic ». Dans Islam and the Governing of Muslims in France. Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350067936.ch-002.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Islam – Social aspects – France"
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Demir, Emre. « THE EMERGENCE OF A NEO-COMMUNITARIAN MOVEMENT IN THE TURKISH DIASPORA IN EUROPE : THE STRATEGIES OF SETTLEMENT AND COMPETITION OF GÜLEN MOVEMENT IN FRANCE AND GERMANY ». Dans Muslim World in Transition : Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/bkir8810.
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This paper examines the organisational and discursive strategies of the Gülen movement in France and Germany and its differentiation in Turkish Islam in Europe, with the primary focus on the movement’s educational activities. The paper describes the characteristics of organisational activity among Turkish Muslims in Europe. Then it analyses two mainstream religious-communitarian movements and the contrasting settlement strategies of the “neo- communitarian” Gülen movement. Despite the large Turkish population in western Europe, the movement has been active there for only about ten years – relatively late compared to other Islamic organisations. Mainly, the associational organisation of Turkish Islam in Europe is based on two axes: the construction/ sponsoring of mosques and Qur’anic schools. By contrast, the Gülen movement’s members in Europe, insisting on ‘the great importance of secular education’, do not found or sponsor mosques and Qur’anic schools. Their principal focus is to address the problems of the immi- grant youth population in Europe, with reintegration of Turkish students into the educational system of the host societies as a first goal. On the one hand, as a neo-communitarian religious grouping, they strive for a larger share of the ‘market’ (i.e. more members from among the Turkish diaspora) by offering a fresh religious discourse and new organisational strategies, much as they have done in Turkey. On the other hand, they seek to gain legitimacy in the public sphere in Germany and France by building an educational network in these countries, just as they have done in Central Asia and the Balkans region. Accordingly, a reinvigorated and reorganised community is taking shape in western Europe. This paper examines the organizational and discursive strategies1 of the Gülen movement in France and Germany and it is differentiation in Turkish Islam in Europe. We seek to analyse particularly the educational activities of this movement which appeared in the Islamic scene in Diaspora of Europe for the last 10 years. We focus on the case of Gülen movement because it represents a prime example amongst Islamic movements which seek to reconcile-or ac- commodate- with the secular system in Turkey. In spite of the exclusionary policy of Turkish secular state towards the religious movements, this faith-based social movement achieved to accommodate to the new socio-political conditions of Turkey. Today, for many searchers, Gülen movement brings Islam back to the public sphere by cross-fertilizing Islamic idioms with global discourses on human rights, democracy, and the market economy.2 Indeed, the activities of Gülen movement in the secular context of France and Germany represent an interesting sociological object. Firstly, we will describe the characteristics of organizational ability of Anatolian Islam in Europe. Then we will analyse the mainstream religious-com- munitarian movements (The National Perspective movement and Suleymanci community) and the settlement strategies of the “neo-communitarian”3 Gülen movement in the Turkish Muslim Diaspora. Based on semi-directive interviews with the directors of the learning centres in Germany and France and a 6 month participative observation of Gülen-inspired- activities in Strasbourg; we will try to answer the following questions: How the movement appropriates the “religious” manner and defines it in a secular context regarding to the host/ global society? How the message of Gülen is perceived among his followers and how does it have effect on acts of the Turkish Muslim community? How the movement realises the transmission of communitarian and `religious’ values and-especially-how they compete with other Islamic associations? In order to answer these questions, we will make an analysis which is based on two axes: Firstly, how the movement position within the Turkish-Islamic associational organisation? Secondly, we will try to describe the contact zones between the followers of Gülen and the global society.
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Габазов, Тимур Султанович. « ADOPTION : CONCEPT, RELIGIOUS AND HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS ». Dans Социально-экономические и гуманитарные науки : сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/seh296.2021.54.40.012.
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В статье раскрываются устоявшиеся понятия усыновления и их историческое видоизменение с учетом положений Древнего Рима. Приводятся статистические данные работы судов общей юрисдикции за 1 полугодие 2019 года по исследуемой категории дел как Российской Федерации в целом, так и одного из субъектов - Чеченской Республики. Анализируется отношение таких основных мировых религий как христианство, буддизм и ислам к вопросу усыновления, а также к способам, с помощью которых можно и нужно преодолевать данную социальную проблему. В работе делается акцент на усыновление детей, имеющих живых биологических родителей, а не только сирот, и дается анализ в изучении вопроса усыновления на примере чеченского традиционного общества до начала ХХ века и в настоящее время, а также исследуются виды усыновления. Вводится понятие «латентное усыновление» и раскрывается его сущность. Выявляются разногласия между нормами обычного права и шариата, которые существуют у чеченцев, а также раскрываются негативные стороны тайны усыновления. И в заключение статьи разрабатываются рекомендации по взаимообщению и взаимообогащению между приемными родителями и биологическими родителями усыновляемого. The article reveals the established concepts of adoption and their historical modification, taking into account the provisions of Ancient Rome. Statistical data on the work of courts of general jurisdiction for the 1st half of 2019 for the investigated category of cases of both the Russian Federation as a whole and one of the constituent entities - the Chechen Republic are presented. It analyzes the attitude of such major world religions as Christianity, Buddhism and Islam to the issue of adoption, as well as to the ways by which this social problem can and should be overcome. The work focuses on the adoption of children with living biological parents, and not just orphans, and analyzes the study of adoption on the example of a Chechen traditional society until the beginning of the twentieth century and at the present time, as well as explores the types of adoption. The concept of “latent adoption” is introduced and its essence is revealed. Disagreements are revealed between the norms of customary law and Sharia that exist among Chechens, as well as the negative aspects of the secret of adoption are revealed. And in the conclusion of the article, recommendations are developed on the intercommunication and mutual enrichment between the adoptive parents and the biological parents of the adopted.
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Jedani, Tony. « Case Study on the Role of Socio-Technical Influences on the Implementation and Success of Nuclear Power in France ». Dans 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49016.
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To fully understand a technological development one must appreciate social, political and economic factors in addition to the technological components (Hughes, 1991). The systems perspective, asserted by Hughes, implies that technologies cannot be understood in isolation, but only in their contexts, especially in their systemic contexts. This theory is illustrated through an examination of France’s implementation of its nuclear power program in the early 1970’s. Nuclear power provided France with the opportunity to achieve energy independence and, as a result, political control over its energy supply. The scope of this case study is limited to consideration of the socio-technical influences on the rise of nuclear power in France and includes an examination of the technical aspects of the innovation. In considering the socio-technical system encompassing France’s adoption of nuclear power, this case study will contemplate: how France was able to persuade its people to accept nuclear power; what it is about French culture and politics that allowed them to succeed where most other countries have failed; the break throughs that led to the broad commercialisation of nuclear power in France in the 1970’s; and how France achieved its status as one of the world’s top producers of nuclear energy. The time period during which this study is based is limited to the early 1970’s, when France was reliant upon external energy supplies, up until the present day, where nuclear power has become France’s main source of energy, thus contributing to France’s autonomy in terms of its energy supply. This study will not address the issue of nuclear waste or the nuclear power safety debate which is also beyond the scope of this study.
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Abdullah, Yahya. « Judicial oversight of applications submitted to the administration is a reason for its development ». Dans INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp191-212.
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"The administration performs a great task in the life of modern societies, through its intervention to satisfy public needs through the establishment and management of public utilities that aim to achieve the public interest and respond to the requirements and necessities of daily life, as well as protecting public order, and regulating the relationship between them and individuals with constitutional and legal texts, as well as The organizational rules that lay down the general framework for public liberties and individual rights, all to prevent them from practicing any activity outside the framework of legality. Originally, the administration is not obligated to issue its decisions in a specific form, as it is free to choose the external form of these decisions, unless the law requires it otherwise. This requires that the decision be embodied in an external form in order for individuals to know the will of the administration and to adjust their behavior according to its requirements. However, the implementation of this rule on its launch, may negatively affect the rights of individuals, because the administration may sometimes deliberately remain silent about deciding the requests submitted to it, or it may neglect at other times to respond to these requests. Existence of apparent decisions in an external legal form, meaning that the matter remains in the hands of the administration, if it wants it will respond to the requests of individuals, and if it wants to be silent, which constitutes a waste of their rights, a violation of the principle of equality, and confiscation of the right to litigation guaranteed by the constitution, it requires protection of individuals from the inconvenience of the administration And the abuse of their rights, and put an end to the neglect of employees and their indifference to the requests or grievances submitted to them, in addition to the fact that the requirements of the public interest require that the administrative staff exercise the powers entrusted to them by law at the present time. ( ) For these justifications, the legislator intervened in many countries, including France, Egypt, Lebanon and Iraq, to suppose that the administration had announced its will, even if it remained silent or silent about deciding on the request presented to it, and this resulted in an implicit administrative decision of rejection or approval. As a result of the large number of state intervention in the economic and social fields in recent times, it has led to the multiplicity and diversity of state agencies and institutions, and the public administration often does not provide its services to individuals except at the request of individuals. Therefore, it may be difficult for individuals to identify a competent administrative authority to submit their request to. to get those services. He makes a mistake and submits it to a non-competent administrative body. When this authority is silent and does not transfer the request to its competent authority, and the legal period granted to the administration to respond to their requests has passed, individuals resort to the judiciary, and submitting the request to the non-competent authority prevents the judiciary from accepting their claim, which wastes their rights and thus harms them. Therefore, the administrative judiciary in many countries has extended its control over this case to consider the application submitted to a non-competent administrative body as if it was submitted to its competent authority, given that the state is a single public legal person. Accordingly, the request submitted to any party starts from the legal period available to the administration to meet the requests of individuals and in its absence the implicit administrative decision of rejection or acceptance arises. Accordingly, we will study the jurisprudence of the French, Lebanese, Egyptian and Iraqi judiciary in this study. The importance of the study lies in the implications of the subject of requests submitted to the administration, the delay in their completion, the silence of the administration, and the consequent effects and exposure to the rights of individuals. And that it will show how to confront this silence, neglect and intransigence of the administration. The idea of implicit administrative decisions, resulting from the administration’s silence on the requests submitted to it, is an effective means, which makes the administration more positive and enables individuals to confront the administration’s silence, and prevents its intransigence, arbitrariness or neglect. The problem of the research is that can silence be an expression of the will? How do individuals protect themselves from the actions of the administration, and who guarantees its non-bias, arbitrariness and deviation? Does submitting the application to a non-competent body protect the rights of individuals? ? And the extent of judicial oversight on the authority of the administration.? And the extent of the compatibility and divergence of the positions of the administrative judiciary in France, Lebanon, Egypt and Iraq regarding this.? From the above in explaining the importance of the study and its problem, we can deduce the scope of the study, which is the study of judicial control over the requests submitted to the administration by taking an overview of the nature of the requests, their types and distinguishing them from others, and the position of each of the legislation, the judiciary and jurisprudence from it. The research consists of two sections, the first deals with the nature of the request and what is related to it, and the second is judicial control over the applications submitted to the administration, as follows"
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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives. « POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY AND RESILIENCEBUILDING IN THE OUTERMOST REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION : TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN STRATEGY ». Dans The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22443.
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The socio-economic environment of the outermost regions of the European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to their geographical and historical specificities, the outermost regions were significantly lagging behind the rest of the European Union in terms of economic indicators even in the pre-pandemic period. Expectedly, COVID-19-induced shocks additionally potentiated their development gap. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte, and Saint Martin (France), the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), and the related legislative responses of the European Union aiming at eliminating adverse effects of the crisis and building more resilient societies. The factual assessment is carried out primarily through the prism of the European Commission’s 2021 Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outermost Regions, which underlines the health, economic and social repercussions of the crisis as well as a recommended set of recovery and resilience-building measures in the outermost regions. The legal analysis focuses on the ongoing codification of the rules and measures regulating the governance of the outermost regions as integral parts of the European Union. Pursuant to Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Union shall adopt specific measures for laying down the conditions for the development of the outermost regions, such as those in the area of fiscal policy, European Structural and Investment Funds, State-aid, agriculture and fisheries policies, and others. In that regard, the paper looks into the recently adopted regulations facilitating the use of EU funds and particular benefits (e.g. tax exemptions) in the outermost regions. Special emphasis is put on the currently tabled initiatives for an updated regulatory framework enabling the outermost regions to improve and strengthen their overall socio-economic position. That mainly refers to the forthcoming European strategy for the outermost regions, to be adopted in 2022. The respective strategy shall lay the foundations for a new strategic approach of the European Union to shaping a sustainable and resilient future for the outermost regions apt to face the challenges of the 21st century, notably those related to green, digital, and demographic transition.
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García Martín, Fernando Miguel, Fernando Navarro Carmona, Eduardo José Solaz Fuster, Víctor Muñoz Macián, María Amparo Sebastià Esteve, Pasqual Herrero Vicent et Anna Morro Peña. « Obsolescence of urban morphology in Villena (Spain). Spatial analysis of the urban fabric in the ISUD/EDUSI candidature. » Dans 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6206.
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The Integrated Sustainable Urban Development strategy (English acronym ISUD, Spanish acronym EDUSI) is an urban planning tool that the municipalities with more than 20.000 inhabitants in Spain need to be funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the 2014-2020 period. The city of Villena is located south- east Spain, inland the province of Alicante. The Villena municipality developed this tool in order to have a holistic and integrated vision of the situation of the city from the urban, social, economic and environmental points of view. As a part of the analysis performed to develop this strategy, a spatial analysis of the urban fabric of Villena was carried out. This study employed concepts from the typomorphological schools of Italy, England and France (Moudon, 1994) as well as from the research on relation between density and urban form (Churchman, 1999, Berghauser & Pont, 2009, Steadman, 2014). The data and cartography of the Spanish Cadaster, processed with SIG software, allowed the study. The spatial analysis included different variables of the built environment, including building height and age; plots size; open space ratios, Not-built plots; type of built-plots according to height and built surface; and compactness of the fabrics. The results of this analysis showed a relationship between the morphological variables and the problems identified in the citizen participation meetings carried out for the elaboration of the ISUD. The identified aspects of urban morphology obsolescence allowed proposing strategies of action to update the built environment to current demands. References (100 words) Berghauser Pont, M., & Haupt, P. (2009). Space, density and urban form. TU delft. Retrieved from http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid%253A0e8cdd4d-80d0-4c4c-97dc-dbb9e5eee7c2/ Churchman, A. (1999). Disentangling the concept of density. Journal of Planning Literature, 13(4), 389–411. Moudon, A. V. (1994). Getting to know the built landscape: typomorphology. In K. A. Franck & L. H. Schneekloth (Eds.), Ordering space: types in architecture and design (pp. 289–311). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Steadman, P. (2014). Density and built form: integrating “Spacemate” with the work of Martin and March. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 41(2), 341–358.
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Vrasmas, Ecaterina, et Traian Vrasmas. « DEVELOPING A EUROPEAN PROFESSIONAL’S NETWORK IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:E LEARNING PROCESS AND OUTCOMES ». Dans eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-063.
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Title: Developing a European professional’s network in Inclusive Education: E learning process and outcomes Vrasmas, Ecaterina, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Panduri Street No.90, Bucharest; Email: ecaterinavr@yahoo.com Vrasmas, Traian, Ovidius University Constanta, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Bd. Mamaia Street No.124 Email: traianvrasmas@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The context The paper describes a European project focusing on using eLearning media, in order to establish is quite an actual trend establish a European network for professionals. It is a new and strong trend in education, particularly in inclusive education. Inclusive education is one of the highest challenges in the field of education, for all European countries. Each country had its own history, experiences, cultural conditions, its own approaches, opportunities and challenges but common work and values are needed. Short description A group of professionals from national associations in England, France, Island, Italy and Romania has decided, after the European Conference of Social inclusion (2008, Clairmond Ferrand, France) to act for the implementation of the conclusions from this conference. They have planned and started to build a network for inclusive education among those five national organizations. They planned and implemented a Leonardo project called “Partnership of professionals for inclusive education.” They implemented all the project working together, in order to share experiences and debate on which are the most relevant barriers in the European and each national context and find solutions to advance in inclusive education. Aside of the direct meetings, in each country, most of the project preparation and implementation was made via eLearning (email communication, site development, power point preparation and presentation, reporting on a European data base etc). The main objectives of the project were: - To built a web site of the project; - To work together for finding common barriers and solutions for inclusive education. The project has reached these objectives by using eLearning media. During the process and as a result of eLearning we have produced important outcomes: - A web site (http://inclusiveeducation-leonardo-professionals.blogs.apf.asso.fr,Utilisat eur: leo-nardoprofessionals, Mot de passe : leonardoprofessionals; - A list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education; Additional outcomes were: - A Guide for professionals on inclusive education; - A lot of power point presentations, on international documents and policies on national educational policies and inclusive education history in each country, study cases and ex-periences, lessons learned in different visits. The project website was designed for all the partners and for all institutions dealing with educa-tion. It contains a glossary of inclusion, with the main concepts, in all five languages (English, French, Italian, Romanian and Icelandic). It describes the partners involved, some elements facili-tating the understanding of the European and international perspective on inclusive education, based on the experiences collected in the project, on the results and documents obtained. The list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education is a synthesis of the professionals work and a result of several debates. After listing barriers and the facilitating factors, the elements which can be barriers and facilitators as well, the list contains the synthesis of the discussion from each country, on the topic of identification of particular aspects: defining inclusion, the major actors, the resources needed - just a few of the analyze points. The Guide for professionals has been developed by the project professionals, as a working tool, issued from the discussions during the school visits in the 5 countries, from the synthesis of analysis and of conclusions (from international sources) regarding inclusive educa-tion. It defines inclusion, suggests a set o principles, identifies solutions for the barriers, and offers concrete examples from each country, regarding policies, practices, cultures and values. It is an open and positive point of view. During the project more than 80 different power points presentation were produced, focusesd on in-ternational and national legislation, scientific arguments on inclusive education, each country policy and experiences. One of them is the Final slide show (album) 2009-2011. It contains photos which are presenting the countries that had participated (places, traditions, touristic attractions, art objects and towns architecture), as well as the "authors" involved in the project. The photos are proving the good collaboration during seminars, visits, during the attractive free time opportunities in each of the five countries. All these are posted on the website of the project, in order to become tools for inclusive education dissemination as eLearning instruments. Conclusions The process of eLearning using different media was vital during and for the success of this pro-ject. At the end it offered to all professionals participant the possibility to better understand the inclusion importance and issues and to promote a new perspective in education, via ongoing collaboration between professionals, cultures and experiences. Working in common for defining inclusive education in five national contexts and describing the barriers and solutions was very challenging. It was also necessary and rewording, in this moment of the European efforts for defending our common values.