Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « INTRAPRENEURIAL SELF-CAPITAL »

Innovative behavior is necessary to combat the 21st century’s sustainability challenges, as well as to ensure organizations’ longevity and success. Personality traits, such as extraversion, are strongly related to innovative behavior; nevertheless, such traits are not increasable through specific training. Intrapreneurial self-capital is a promising preventive resource to enhance people’s capability to cope with innovations. On this basis, this study analyzed, in an explorative way, the relationship between extraversion, intrapreneurial self-capital, and innovative behavior, using a sample of 120 Italian workers. A mediation model was used to assess the effects of extraversion on innovative behavior and innovative implementation behavior (outcome variables) through intrapreneurial self-capital (conceived as an intervening mediator variable). The mediation analysis highlighted that intrapreneurial self-capital is correlated with both workers’ innovative behavior and innovative implementation behavior. Therefore, implementing dedicated training on intrapreneurial self-capital could help organizations better address sustainability issues and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals introduced by the United Nations.

Intrapreneurial self-capital is the construct coined by Di Fabio as a core of individual resources used to cope with career and life construction challenges. In this study, we used the model of Individual Differences in Evaluating Life Satisfaction (IDELS) to examine the mediating role of intrapreneurial self-capital in the relationship between life satisfaction and flourishing among Malaysian undergraduate students. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Flourishing Scale were administered to 665 undergraduate students from one of the public universities in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The results reported a significant direct effect of student satisfaction with life to flourishing. A significant path coefficient was also found from satisfaction with life and student academic performance to intrapreneurial self-concept providing the support that student satisfaction with life and academic performance has a positive effect on their intrapreneurial self-concept. The coefficients from intrapreneurial self-concept to flourishing was also significant. This provides initial support that an intrapreneurial self-concept may have a positive mediating effect on the relationship between satisfaction with life, academic performance, and flourishing. We found that the indirect effects of satisfaction with life and academic performance on flourishing through intrapreneurial self-concept were significant. These results provided further support for the mediating effect of intrapreneurial self-concept. The analysis also that revealed satisfaction with life was significantly and positively related to flourishing. However, the finding showed no significant direct effect of student academic performance on flourishing.

Research exists regarding personality traits in relation to connectedness with nature. However, it is not possible to increase personality through training. As an alternative, intrapreneurial self-capital (ISC) could be a promising core of resources for enhancing the sustainable development of behaviors and practices. Using a sample of 198 workers, this study exploratively analyzed the relationship between the extraversion personality trait, ISC, and connectedness to nature. A mediation model was employed to assess the effects of extraversion on connectedness to nature (outcome variable) through ISC (conceived as an intervening mediator variable). The mediation analysis highlighted that ISC potentially promotes workers’ connectedness to nature within organizations. Thus, implementing dedicated interventions to increase ISC could encourage sustainable development by enhancing workers’ levels of connectedness to nature.

The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS) is a 28-item measure intended to measure individual resources used to manage career and life challenges. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) is a higher order construct composed of seven specific constructs: core self-evaluation, hardiness, resilience, creative self-efficacy, decisiveness, goal mastery, and vigilance. In the new research area of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, ISC constitutes a promising core of resources to face the challenges of the 21st century. The aim of the current study was to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and concurrent validity) of a Malaysian version of ISCS among university students. The self-report questionnaire was administered to 1491 university students in Sabah, Malaysia. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the latent structure of the Malaysian ISCS. The final indices of Goodness of Fit showed satisfactory fit to the data. The Cronbach’s alpha of the Malaysian ISCS is 0.81. The Malaysian ISCS correlates with Career Adaptability r = 0.31 (p < 0.01) and with Life Project Reflexivity r = 0.44 (p < 0.01), thus showing an adequate concurrent validity evidence. The Malaysian ISCS provides a promising research area in psychology (both positive and sustainability). Malaysian parents, teachers and counselors can also use this tool for their development and intervention efforts.

Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) represents a promising individual resource that might be enhanced through intervention to help individuals cope adaptively with the ongoing changes that characterize the world of work and other life challenges in the 21st century. In order to examine the promise of this construct, the present study analyzed the relationship between ISC and both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, controlling for the effects of personality traits, which are substantially stable and not amenable to psychological intervention. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS), the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Meaning in Life Measure (MLM), and the Flourishing Scale (FS), were administered to 563 Italian university students. Hierarchical regressions analyses showed that ISC explained a percentage of incremental variance beyond that accounted for by personality traits in relation to both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. These results support the premise that ISC may be a promising resource for fostering both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.

In the innovative research area of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC) constitutes a promising core of resources to face the challenges of the 21st century. This article presents two studies supporting the contribution of trait emotional intelligence to ISC beyond that explained by the three most quoted personality trait models. The Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS), Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF), Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), Mini International Personality Item Pool Scale (Mini-IPIP), HEXACO-60, and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form (EPQ-RS) were administered to 210 first and second year university students (Study 1) and 206 university students in the last three years of undergraduate university studies (Study 2). Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that Emotional Intelligence (EI) explained additional variance in ISC beyond that accounted for each of the three personality trait models for both samples. These results should encourage future research within a positive primary prevention perspective in the framework of the psychology of sustainability and sustainable development.

Researchers are being called upon to find and explore viable solutions to protect the environment and promote health in the new digital era of the 21st century, since the rapid changes transpiring within our technological societies may be detrimental to workers but also offer opportunities for growth. The concept of connectedness to nature, on the one hand, is a proxy for important environmentally protective and responsible behaviors; on the other, it has been studied in relation to people’s well-being. To promote health, it is crucial to act from a primary prevention perspective, which is focused on finding variables that can be increased through specific training. In this framework, intrapreneurial self-capital (ISC) appears to be related both to people’s connectedness to nature and their well-being. This study analyzes exploratively the relationship between connectedness to nature, ISC, and well-being at work, since these variables have never been studied together. A mediation model is tested to assess whether ISC could mediate the relationship between connectedness to nature and workers’ well-being. The mediation analysis highlights that ISC, as a core of preventive resources, potentially sustains the effect of feeling connected to nature on well-being at work. Thus, interventions aimed at increasing and acquiring preventive resources, such as ISC, could be beneficial in protecting the environment and in promoting health among workers.

Il passaggio dal career development caratteristico del XX secolo in cui gli individui sviluppavano la propria carriera all’interno di organizzazioni stabili (Savickas, 2011b) al career and life management (Guichard, 2013; Savickas, 2013) fino al career and life management through self and relational management (Di Fabio, 2014a; Di Fabio & Kenny, 2016) nel XXI secolo, evidenzia come la carriera appartenga sempre più alla persona e non più all’organizzazione (Duarte, 2004) e come il lavoro (Blustein, 2011a), il career project (Savickas, 2011) e il life project (Guichard, 2013) siano atti intrinsecamente relazionali (Di Fabio, 2014a, 2014i). Nell’epoca attuale, il mondo del lavoro è caratterizzato da instabilità e continui cambiamenti, da incertezza e imprevedibilità, pertanto è fondamentale che gli individui siano in grado di sviluppare e mantenere la propria employability e di gestire attivamente i propri percorsi di sviluppo professionale (Savickas, 2011a) e personale (Guichard, 2013). Per questo emerge l’importanza di promuovere, in ottica di Positive Preventive Perspective (Di Fabio, 2014a; Di Fabio & Kenny, 2016; Kenny & Di Fabio, 2009; Kenny & Hage, 2009; Kenny, Horne, Orpinas, & Reese, 2009; Hage et al., 2007), la costruzione e la consapevolezza delle risorse dell’individuo per un career and life planning di successo, in riferimento a un’intenzionalità ancorata al Purposeful Self (Di Fabio, 2014l). Il benessere delle persone nell’ambito dell’orientamento, del career counseling, della life construction (Guichard, 2013) e delle human resources può essere incrementato attraverso azioni preventive precoci, evidenziando l’importanza di interventi evidence-based (Hage et al., 2007). All’interno di questo quadro di riferimento, il presente lavoro di ricerca si propone di approfondire un nuovo life and career costrutto, l’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital, come core di risorse imprenditive utili alle persone nella costruzione del percorso di vita, affrontando la complessità e le sfide del XXI secolo. Il presente lavoro di ricerca intende offrire una panoramica delle principali e più recenti teorie di riferimento per lo sviluppo e l’applicazione dell’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital, confrontare a livello teorico ed empirico l’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital con altri costrutti emersi in letteratura come risorse funzionali a rispondere adeguatamente alle richieste dell’epoca postmoderna, evidenziando le peculiarità dell’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital, l’importanza del nuovo costrutto nel processo di life and career management e nel favorire condizioni di benessere nelle persone, alla luce dell’influenza che il contesto odierno instabile e incerto ha sulla propria vita. Il capitolo primo delinea le principali teorie di riferimento per comprendere la complessità del XXI secolo e rintracciare coordinate di riferimento per lo sviluppo di costrutti, strumenti e interventi, in particolare riguardo all’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital, a beneficio degli individui nella propria crescita personale e professionale. Il capitolo secondo introduce i costrutti di Proattività, Psychological capital, Career adaptability e Occupational engagement che si configurano in letteratura come potenziali risorse nella costruzione di sé e del proprio percorso personale e professionale nell’epoca postmoderna. Attraverso uno studio su un piano teorico, vengono indicate le similarità e le differenze tra questi costrutti presi in esame e l’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital, definendone gli aspetti specifici. Il capitolo terzo presenta le possibili relazioni, su un piano teorico, tra l’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital, career outcome tradizionali (career decision self-efficacy, employability, stili decisionali) e con misure tradizionali di benessere edonico (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) e di benessere eudaimonico (life meaningfulness, flourishing, hope, grit, autenticità). Inoltre lo studio si è proposto di analizzare a livello teorico le relazioni dell’ISC con variabili innovative (life project reflexivity come career outcome; affective profile, come misura di benessere edonico; coraggio, come misura di benessere eudaimonico). Il capitolo quarto propone il primo studio della presente tesi di dottorato volto a rilevare gli aspetti di similarità e differenza tra l’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital e i costrutti di Proattività, Psychological capital, Career adaptability e Occupational engagement, in studenti universitari e in lavoratori, definendone da un punto di vista empirico, gli aspetti peculiari. Il capitolo quinto presenta il secondo studio empirico della presente tesi di dottorato che si propone di approfondire, in studenti universitari e in lavoratori, le relazioni dell’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital con career outcome tradizionali (career decision self-efficacy, employability, stili decisionali) e con misure tradizionali di benessere edonico (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) e di benessere eudaimonico (life meaningfulness, flourishing, hope, grit, autenticità). Inoltre lo studio si è proposto di analizzare le relazioni dell’ISC con alcune variabili innovative (life project reflexivity nell’ambito dei career outcome; affective profile come misura di benessere edonico; coraggio, come misura di benessere eudaimonico). Il capitolo sesto riporta le conclusioni generali della presente tesi di dottorato evidenziando come l’ISC si configuri come un nuovo e promettente costrutto nell’ambito dell’orientamento, del career counseling, della career e life construction, delle human resources e della psicologia del lavoro e delle organizzazioni, dal momento che si differenzia da altre risorse individuali come la Proattività, lo Psychological capital, la Career adaptability e l’Occupational engagement. L’ISC risulta inoltre associato sia ai career outcome (tradizionali e innovativi) sia al benessere edonico e eudaimonico relativo a variabili di benessere sia tradizionali che innovative. Inoltre, i risultati degli studi del presente lavoro di tesi offrono promettenti prospettive di ricerca e di intervento in relazione all’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital, evidenziando l’importanza di continuare a studiare questo nuovo costrutto in relazione ad altri career outcome e misure di benessere. Viene sottolineata la possibilità di incrementare il capitale imprenditivo del Sé mediante un training specifico (Di Fabio, 2014f; Di Fabio & Van Esbroeck, 2016) in modo da potenziare le forze degli individui nel rispondere tempestivamente e puntualmente alle richieste dell’ambiente esterno turbolento e mutevole della società dell’accelerazione (Di Fabio & Maree, 2016; Schwab, 2016). In conclusione, la presente tesi di dottorato evidenzia l’importanza del nuovo career and life costrutto di Intrapreneurial Self-Capital (ISC), dell’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Scale (ISCS) come suo strumento di misura e dell’Intrapreneurial Self-Capital Training (ISCT) per il career and life management e la promozione del benessere nel XXI secolo.