Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Intolleranze alimentari »

- The definition of Intuitive Eating as a psychological construct was developed in opposition to dieting movements that proposed controlled meal plans, avoidance of taboo foods and restricted intake of fat grams and calories. An eating behavior more consistent with one's internal physiological hunger and satiety cues was thus suggested in order to achieve both an adequate body weight and psychophysical well-being. Tylka (2006) developed the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), a questionnaire that assesses three main facets of intuitive eating: unconditional permission to eat when hungry and what food is desired, eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, and reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues to determine when and how much to eat. This paper describes the development and validation of the Italian version of the IES. A paper-and-pencil battery that included a socio-demographical questionnaire, the IES and other measures of eating behaviour and attitudes toward food was administered to 206 participants and internal consistency, unidimensionality, factor structure and construct and criterion validity of the scale were investigated. Results showed that psychometric properties of the Italian version of the IES are adequate for the use in a non-clinical context. Future studies should investigate the temporal stability and the discriminant power of IES scores in clinical samples.Key-words: intuitive eating, orthorexia, eating disorders, eating behavior, psichometrics.Parole-chiave: intuitive eating, ortoressia, disturbi alimentari, comportamento alimentare, psicometric.

- The topic of this contribution is a sociological analysis of the celiac disease under a perspective which try to overcome the traditionally perspective of illness, considering the impact on the relationships connected to the aspects of socialization referred to dining together. The attention is focused in particular to some phases of the life, when the socialization is made even sitting at the table, in collective rites of eating pizza or pasta all together. From here the necessity of considering a dimension that allows to gather the uneasiness and the social damages connected to the illness: especially because it doesn't need a care in the traditional sense of the term (differently from other autoimmune illnesses like the diabetes, the autoimmune thyroiditis or the psoriasis, in the case of the celiac disease is "enough" to follow a free-gluten diet). Celiac disease deprives the celiac of relational occasions, which could have played an important role in the accumulation of social capital.Key-words: celiac disease, give social, food intolerances, life stories, disease, illness.Parole-chiave: celiachia, danno sociale, intolleranze alimentari, racconti di vita, disease, illness.

The expression Grossesco Crimine, making the Latin verb grossescere its own, literally means "Accresco nel Crimine" (Growing in Crime) and wants to suggest that concept of brutality of man who, if dominated by criminal inclinations, often grotesque and vulgar, sees that evil instinct increase, almost animal-like, that feeds its own instincts in a foolish way. We are therefore confronted with the theme of evil, too often, for convenience, manipulated. But always and in any case opposed to the concept of good. And if evil is a sad prerogative of man, good represents its essence, hope and desire: and to discuss evil one must inevitably speak of the sense of pleasure, understood not only as physical pleasure, but also psychological and mental. Pleasure is what nourishes the desire of man and his instinctive impulses; it is something that one ardently wants to replicate and increase. Where limiting (or subtracting) the experiences that determine pleasure in one's life causes pain and flows into the abstraction of the concept of evil. RiassuntoIl tema del male, inteso come una prerogativa dell’essere umano, viene analizzato attraverso la tendenza a commettere atti criminali sulla base di impulsi irrefrenabili, non soltanto in un contesto in cui lo sviluppo psichico risulta deviato da fenomeni destrutturanti ma anche e, soprattutto, nei contesti in cui l’ego malevolo dell’uomo accresce in maniera proporzionale alla natura dei cimini commessi. L’utilizzo della locuzione “grossesco crimine” vuole riferirsi, appunto, al male quale espressione di una violenza scaturita da situazioni di intolleranza verso le proprie frustrazioni che, unita ad una totale mancanza di empatia o di sensibilità nei confronti dei sentimenti altrui, può alimentare una pulsione naturale che trova sfogo nell’acting out dell’azione criminale. E i tentativi delle scienze filosofiche appaiono chiari nel ricondurre il tema del male nel più ampio concetto di crisi di senso, da intendersi come vera e propria crisi della ragione, comportando, pertanto, una concreta compromissione della capacità di definire la realtà in maniera critica ed obiettiva. L’astrazione del male nella filosofia, e delle sue proiezioni nella società, si concretizza nel male dell’uomo sull’uomo: dai delitti di istigazione al suicidio ove il male si esplicita attraverso quelle attitudini idonee a rafforzare un proposito autolesivo, alle condotte che rappresentano il preludio di un atto suicidario o che ne rappresentano un tentativo non compiuto e che sono ricomprese, in letteratura, nel concetto di parasuicidio. ResumenEl tema del mal, entendido como prerogativa del ser humano, se analiza a través de la tendencia a cometer actos criminales sobre la base de impulsos irrefrenables, no solamente en un ámbito en el cual el desarrollo psíquico resulta desviado por fenómenos desestructurantes pero también, y sobre todo, en contextos en los cuales el ego malévolo del hombre aumenta en manera proporcional al carácter de los crimines cometidos. La utilización de la locución “grossesco crimine” hace referencia al mal cual expresión de una violencia surgida de situaciones de intolerancia hacia las propias frustraciones que, unida a una total falta de empatía o de sensibilidad respecto a los sentimientos ajenos, puede alimentar una pulsión natural que encuentra desahogo en el acting out de la acción criminal. Los intentos de las ciencias filosóficas aparecen claros en reconducir el tema del mal en el más amplio concepto de crisis de sentido, de entenderse como autentica crisis de la razón, comportando, por tanto, una concreta alteración de la capacidad de definir la realidad de modo crítico y objetivo. La abstracción del mal en filosofía, y de sus proyecciones en la sociedad, se concretiza en el mal del hombre: desde los delitos de instigación al suicidio en los cuales el mal se expresa a través de aquellos comportamientos aptos para reforzar una intención autolesiva, a las conductas que señalan el preludio de un acto suicida o del cual representan un tentativo no cumplido y que son incluidas, en literatura, en el concepto de parasuicidio.