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1
Kenrick, Philip. "Open Access and the Society for Libyan Studies." Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009705.
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AbstractUK government policy is firmly directed, through the agencies which control university and research funding, towards a situation in which much academic output will be made accessible to all on the Internet without payment. This has far-reaching consequences for all academic publishers, including the Society, by no means all of which have yet been taken into account by the policy-makers. Members of the Society need to understand the issues and to consider how best to adapt to changing circumstances and to defend its position where necessary.
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Baumgartner, Caspar. "Packing an Unfair Advantage? Internet Culture and Commercial Television." Media International Australia 98, no. 1 (2001): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0109800111.
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An examination of the strategies of Packer's PBL, owner of Channel Nine and the Internet portal ninemsn, suggests that the commercial agenda of the mass media — and the quest for audiences — has translated into an attempt to control access gateways to the Internet. Strategic alliances with MSN and partners who can provide transaction-driven services, such as Ticketek and Schwab, are core elements to ‘channel’ users through the ninemsn portal. Its exemplary use of interactive capabilities to establish lasting links to Web users reflects a changing notion of audiences as active, globally connected consumers. The dialogue which unfolds between the technological environment of the Internet and the existing culture of the television industry will impact on future digital cultures and upon regulatory responses.
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Michaelson, George. "Intellectual Property Issues on Ip Networks." Media International Australia 101, no. 1 (2001): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0110100108.
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Some fundamental behaviours of the current (and foreseeable) global internet do not fit well with the requirements for successful digital rights management (DRM) and for control of access to IP rights-protected content. This has implications for longer term development of regulation in the digital domain. This paper considers some of these behaviours from a broad and unashamedly biased perspective. For the purposes of this paper, it is assumed that effective digital rights management depends on being able to constrain people not to use the network for direct, rights management-avoiding purposes. If we can assume total law-abiding communities, much of this discussion is pointless. The polemic probably lies in the area of suggesting that the value proposition for DRM is weak, and that such claims as are made in respect of ability to limit use are overstated.
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Wang, Yu, Weijia Han, Xiao Ma, Qiuzhi Wang, and Fengsen Chen. "Cross-Layer Optimization-Based Asymmetric Medical Video Transmission in IoT Systems." Symmetry 14, no. 11 (2022): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112455.
Texte intégralRésumé :
At present, Internet of Things (IoT) networks are attracting much attention since they provide emerging opportunities and applications. In IoT networks, the asymmetric and symmetric studies on medical and biomedical video transmissions have become an interesting topic in both academic and industrial communities. Especially, the transmission process shows the characteristics of asymmetry: the symmetric video-encoding and -decoding processes become asymmetric (affected by modulation and demodulation) once a transmission error occurs. In such an asymmetric condition, the quality of service (QoS) of such video transmissions is impacted by many different factors across the physical (PHY-), medium access control (MAC-), and application (APP-) layers. To address this, we propose a cross-layer optimization-based strategy for asymmetric medical video transmission in IoT systems. The proposed strategy jointly utilizes the video-coding structure in the APP- layer, the power control and channel allocation in the MAC- layer, and the modulation and coding schemes in the PHY- layer. To obtain the optimum configuration efficiently, the proposed strategy is formulated and proofed by a quasi-convex problem. Consequently, the proposed strategy could not only outperform the classical algorithms in terms of resource utilization but also improve the video quality under the resource-limited network efficiently.
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Dal, Aysenur, and Erik C. Nisbet. "Walking Through Firewalls: Circumventing Censorship of Social Media and Online Content in a Networked Authoritarian Context." Social Media + Society 8, no. 4 (2022): 205630512211377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221137738.
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The early hopes of the internet as a technology of “liberation” have turned into a reinforcing spiral of control, innovation, resistance, and counter-innovation between authoritarian governments and those that seek to bypass censorship and digital repression. This spiral reflects that even the most robust censorship mechanisms are vulnerable to circumvention, which has become a key concept for illustrating the contemporary online communication experience of citizens. Yet, the scholarship examining the underlying motivations and what influences individuals to employ censorship circumvention technologies (CCTs) in authoritarian contexts remains underdeveloped. We present a theoretical model of how state-sponsored political identity and attitudes about media freedom influence motivated resistance to censorship in the case of using CCTs to access social media and other forms of online content in the networked authoritarian context of Iran. Employing a web-based survey of internet users ( N = 807), we test this theoretical model across a range of censored online content types. Our findings show that regime ideology in Iran indirectly influences CCT use through biasing perceptions of media freedom and how people respond to it in the form of motivated resistance. We discuss theoretical and policy-related implications for resilience to censorship of social media and online content in networked authoritarian contexts.
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Padala, Kalpana, Christina Crawford, Clinton Gauss, et al. "Relationship between Social Determinants of Health and Loneliness during COVID-19 Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2724.
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Abstract Background: Older adults are most vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to other populations. Risk factors for loneliness include old age, rural living, number of medical comorbidities, and poor social networks. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of loneliness in older adults during COVID-19 and determine the correlation between social determinants of health and loneliness. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in community dwelling older Veterans (N=132). Demographic data were collected along with variables related to social determinants of health. Loneliness data were collected with the 3-item loneliness questionnaire, and social network was assessed using the 6-item Lubben social network scale. Results: Demographic data included: mean age 73.3 (±7.5) years, 93.2% male, 53.5% rural, 84.1% Caucasian, and 13.6% African American. The majority of the participants reported loneliness (65.6%). Mean Lubben social network score was 14.6 (±6.6). There was a strong negative correlation between loneliness and social network (p<0.0001, r=-0.57; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.44). The prevalence of loneliness was significantly greater in those living alone compared to those not living alone (p=0.017; 83.9% vs. 60.6%) and those lacking internet access compared to those with internet access (p=0.025; 86.4% vs. 61.5%). Conclusion: Loneliness was found to be highly prevalent in an older cohort during the COVID pandemic. Routine inquiry about loneliness is important. Social determinants of health are likely correlated with the presence of loneliness in older adults and could be greatly impacted by policy decisions made to control community disease transmission.
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Olum, Ronald, Linda Atulinda, Edwin Kigozi, et al. "Medical Education and E-Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: Awareness, Attitudes, Preferences, and Barriers Among Undergraduate Medicine and Nursing Students at Makerere University, Uganda." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 7 (January 2020): 238212052097321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2382120520973212.
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Given the dearth need for healthcare workers in the control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning has been adopted in many settings to hasten the continuation of medical training. However, there is a paucity of data in low resource settings on the plausibility of online learning platforms to support medical education. We aimed to assess the awareness, attitudes, preferences, and challenges to e-learning among Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) and Bachelor of Nursing (B.NUR) students at Makerere University, Uganda. An online cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2020. Current MBChB and B.NUR students aged 18 years or older constituted the study population. Using Google forms, a web-based questionnaire was administered through the Makerere University mailing list and WhatsApp messenger. The questionnaire was developed using validated questions from previously published studies. Overall, 221 participants responded (response rate = 61%). Of the 214 valid responses, 195 (92.1%) were Ugandans, 123 (57.5% were male, and 165 (77.1%) were pursuing the MB ChB program. The median age was 23 (18 to 40) years. Ownership of computers, smartphones, and email addresses were at 131 (61.2%), 203 (94.9%), and 208 (97.2%), respectively. However, only 57 (26.6%) respondents had access to high or very high quality internet access. Awareness and self-reported usage of e-learning (MUELE) platforms were high among 206 (96.3%) and 177 (82.7%) respondents, respectively. However, over 50% lacked skills in using the Makerere University e-learning (MUELE) platform. About half (n = 104, 49%) of the students believed that e-learning reduces the quality of knowledge attained and is not an efficient method of teaching. Monthly income ( P = .006), internet connectivity quality ( P < .001), computer ownership ( P = .015) and frequency of usage of academic websites or applications ( P = .006) significantly affected attitudes towards e-learning. Moreover, internet costs and poor internet connectivity were the most important barriers to e-learning reported by 199 (93%) and 179 (84%) students, respectively. Sensitization and training of students and faculty on e-learning and use of existing learning platforms are important to improve the attitude and use of e-learning. Blended online and use of offline downloadable learning materials would overcome the challenges related to the variable quality of internet access in the country.
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Dergacheva, Alexandra Cheveleva. "Why is Russian Domestic War Propaganda so Effective?" Global Journal of Cultural Studies 1 (December 19, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2817-2310.2022.01.01.
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This article provides a review of possible causes of the effectiveness of the Russian domestic propaganda campaigns launched in connection with the war in Ukraine and aimed at the domestic consumer, as well as their discussion in academic research and analytical publications. Currently, this phenomenon is much discussed in the oppositional Russian-speaking, Ukrainian, and world media. Nevertheless, the number of short journalistic pieces devoted to specific aspects of this effectiveness significantly prevails over detailed analytical articles or holistic academic studies. The present research aims to partially fill this gap. The article defines the main groups of reasons for the effectiveness of Russian domestic propaganda, identified both in modern studies and in earlier works, and also traces the relationship between these groups. It discusses the organizational and technical prerequisites (the possibility of total control of the media, including access to information via the Internet), cultural issues (the unique situation in Russia, which has developed as a result of its transgenerational traumas), and "political technology" (political manipulation and persuasion) methods. In conclusion, the author makes some suggestions (and assumptions) about further possibilities for studying the phenomenon of Russian domestic propaganda and discusses its social significance.
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Chen, Jue. "Visual Design of Landscape Architecture Based on High-Density Three-Dimensional Internet of Things." Complexity 2021 (May 22, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5534338.
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Since different equipment manufacturers may define a set of data transmission protocols of their own types, the high-density three-dimensional Internet of Things landscape garden landscape platform needs to provide a unified data transmission interface for the business system. It needs to complete the analysis, storage, and reformatting of different data transmission protocols on the high-density three-dimensional Internet of Things landscape service platform. In this paper, based on the conversion analysis between the MLD model of the landscape perception layer of the high-density three-dimensional Internet of Things landscape and the automata scheduling model, the conversion of the MLD model of the entire landscape perception layer of the high-density three-dimensional IoT landscape and the automata scheduling model is realized. Based on the hierarchical automata high-density three-dimensional Internet of Things landscape, this paper studies the global task scheduling and control automata model and the local scheduling automata model in the task, as well as the landscape perception layer rapid scheduling mechanism of independent scheduling strategy. This can be used for different levels of systems to ensure that the perception layer system is orderly, reliable, and fast. They complete the construction of jdk environment, web server, Mongo DB server, MQTT server, JMS server, etc., on the cloud platform. Combined with the landscape, a set of test platforms was built to test the functions and performance indicators of the visualization system cloud platform. The test results show that the cloud platform can realize cross-platform terminal access, end-to-end instant messaging, heterogeneous data processing and storage, etc. It has strong scalability and high processing performance and has application and reference value.
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Hussain, Hassan. "Cyber Tribes." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 14, no. 1-2 (2021): 112–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01401009.
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Abstract Tribal identity is an intrinsic part of the histories and cultures of the Gulf. Nonetheless, tribal communities rarely had access or the ability to control what was being said about them in media. The emergence of social media as a platform for sharing information and affirming social identities has transformed the way tribes interact, disseminate information and identify with others. This paper argues that Arab tribes, despite constantly being threatened by modernizing impulses that undercut nomadic ways of life, have enthusiastically embraced social media as an effective tool to revitalize tribal identities in the internet age. Historically, while maintaining nomadic lifestyles and oral literature, they were outside the circles of material literary production, which were usually based in urban areas and among settled populations. However, the internet and social media now allow tribes to overcome societal marginalization and material limitations to self-representation. In this manner, tribal communities no longer need the affirmation of the literate world; they can speak for themselves in a direct manner previously unavailable.
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KOZIBRODA, SERHII, ANDRIY PALCHYK, IVAN STANISLAV MAZUR, and VOLODYMYR RAK. "REMOTE LEARNING SYSTEM MODEL FOR ROBOT PROGRAMMING." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 2 (2023): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.22.2.4.
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The article present the model of the system for remote learning of robot programming, It is built on the basis of the core of the platform, which consists of four layers: the infrastructure layer contains elements that are necessary for the functioning of the ecosystem, and features of the placement of the hardware of this system relative to each other; the hardware layer is a set of devices that make up the hardware configuration of the system: robots, computers which they are connected to, web cameras which are to display the positions of all functional nodes of the robot in detail; the software layer, which includes software tools that support the display of several webcams, an environment for programming and code compilation; the communication layer, which includes the communication channels between the robot and the computer, which will be accessed remotely, as well as the computer’s access to the Internet. The implementation of the model is to be carried out in the following directions: information and consultation; educational one; popularization of robotics and scientific and technical creativity; equipping resource centers divided into functional and technological zones; technological one. The advantages of remote as an element of adaptive education, which enables a student to remotely connect to a class or classroom through specific software, are revealed. The views of scientists regarding the problems of distance learning as an element of adaptive education are analyzed. When studying robotics, it was found that scientists mostly pay attention to the use of Internet services, virtual learning environments, robotics as a promising direction for the development of STEM education or analyze certain control systems, but practically do not focus on remote learning. In practice, the specified model will be implemented through a connection to a computer located in the classroom of the educational institution using a remote access system, on the desktop of which the robot will be displayed from two angles. It also displays the environment for writing and compiling the C++ programming language used for programming the robot directly, and after compiling the code, the user can immediately check the result of the code. In this way, a remote workplace will be created, to which students will be able to connect to perform laboratory classes, and visually observe the results of their work using video communication tools. Practical implementation of the model of remote learning of robot programming was ensured at the Department of Computer Technology of Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University via connection to a computer located in a classroom of the mentioned educational institution. The procedure was provided by a remote access system. The desktop of the above mentioned computer presents the reflection of the robot from two angles. Also, it shows the environment for writing and compilation of the programming language C++ which will be used for programming of robot. After compilation of the code, a user will immediately have the opportunity to check the result of the code in action. A remote workplace was organized in this way enabling students to connect to it in order to do the laboratory tasks, and observe the results of their work with the help of video conferencing tools.
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Pavel, Md Shahed Rafi, Md Anower Hussain Mian, AKM Habibullah, and Md Zahid Hossain. "Periodontitis and Cardiovasculardisease: Association and Risk." City Dental College Journal 10, no. 1 (2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13829.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.Two internet databases were selected in search of appropriate papers for the study purpose: i)the National Library of Medicine,Washington DC,USA (MEDLINE-PubMed) and ii) HINARI Access to Research in Health Program,World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland.Both databases were searched from 1985 to 2009.In the past decades, there has been renewed interest in the old hypothesis that infections increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.Atherosclerosis has a major inflammatory component and the main underlying pathological pathway for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Periodontal pathogens may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease.Periodontal pathogenPorphyromonasgingivalis caused atherosclerosis in experimental animals and have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions.The nature of association is unclear because both periodontitis and CVD share a host of risk factors.Epidemiological studies, mainly observational studies (case-control,cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies) are usually the first to generate association data between exposure and adverse health outcomes. Clinical trials with statistically significant positive outcomes are easy to interpret and indicate that the tested intervention is effective in favorably altering the adverse health outcomes.Available evidences suggest that having periodontitis contributes to the total infection and inflammation burden and may contribute to cardiovascular events in susceptible subjects.The impact of periodontal therapy must be further investigated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13829 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
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Middleton, Carl, and Tay Zar Myo Win. "The Emergence of a Hybrid Public Sphere in Myanmar: Implications for Democratisation." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 9, no. 1 (2021): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2021.2.
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AbstractMyanmar was under a military government for almost six decades, during which time the state maintained an ‘authoritarian public sphere’ that limited independent civil society, mass media and the population's access to information. In 2010, Myanmar held flawed elections that installed a semi-civilian government and established a hybrid governance regime, within which civil, political and media freedoms expanded while the military's influence remained significant. In this paper, we examine ‘hybrid governance at work’ in the ‘hybrid public sphere’, that holds in tension elements of an authoritarian and democratic public sphere. The boundaries of these spheres are demarcated through legal means, including the 2008 military-created Constitution, associated judicial and administrative state structures and the actions of civil society and community movements toward political, military and bureaucratic elite actors. We develop our analysis first through an assessment of Myanmar's political transition at the national level and, then, in an empirical case of subnational politics in Dawei City regarding the planning of the electricity supply. We suggest that the hybrid public sphere enables discourses—associated with authoritarian popularist politics in Myanmar—that build legitimacy amongst the majority while limiting the circulation of critical discourses of marginalized groups and others challenging government policies. We conclude that for substantive democracy to deepen in Myanmar, civil society and media must actively reinforce the opportunity to produce and circulate critical discourse while also facilitating inclusive debates and consolidating legislated civil, political and media freedoms. On 1 February 2021, shortly after this article was finalized, a military coup d’état detained elected leaders and contracted the post-2010 hybrid public sphere, including constraining access to information via control of the internet and mass media and severely limiting civil and political rights.
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Дыдров, Артур Александрович, Вера Сергеевна Невелева, Софья Владимировна Тихонова, and Елена Олеговна Труфанова. "A PERSON IN THE DIGITAL AGE." ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics, no. 4(34) (December 8, 2022): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2022-4-102-122.
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В ситуации цивилизационных (экономических, политических, технологических и др.) вызовов и стремительно меняющихся реалий одной из принципиально значимых задач философии является формирование обобщающего, концептуального высказывания о человеке и, шире, достижение определенного уровня понимания человека в трансформирующемся мире. Между тем в среде философов и специалистов в области социально-гуманитарных наук, занимающихся антропологической проблематикой, распространено убеждение, что все проекты человека исчерпали свой ресурс и – в радикальной вариации – что человек «умер». Цифровая эпоха, характеризующаяся интенсификацией развития соответствующих технологий и внедрением Интернета во все сферы жизни общества, является благодатной почвой для формирования иной, «постчеловеческой» формации. Радикализм обозначенных убеждений побуждает к формированию гуманитарной альтернативы, учитывающей современные технологические тренды и вызовы эпохи. Ретроспективный взгляд на историю цифровых технологий позволяет утверждать, что Интернет претерпел своеобразную «десакрализацию», превратившись из «волшебного» места в пространство деловых публичных отношений. Вторая и третья части статьи посвящены обсуждению цифрового человека как модели нового человека и социального аспекта бытия digital human. Авторы предпринимают попытку концептуализации цифрового человека и дают два варианта интерпретации digital human. Наконец, в заключительной части статьи рассматривается проблематика персональной идентичности в эпоху цифровых технологий. Утверждается, что интернет-технологии на современном этапе стимулировали «бунт индивидуальностей», актуализацию «Я-значимости». In the context of economic, political, technological, cultural challenges and rapidly changing realities, one of the significant tasks of philosophy is to form a conceptual position about a person and, more broadly, to achieve a certain level of understanding of a person in a transforming world. Meanwhile, philosophers and specialists in the field of social and human sciences dealing with anthropological problems widely believe that all human projects have exhausted their resources. A radical variation of this opinion is expressed by the thesis “a person is dead”. The digital age, characterized by the intensification of the development of information electronic technologies and the introduction of the Internet into all spheres of society, is a fertile ground for the formation of a different, “posthuman” formation. The radical nature of these beliefs encourages the formation of a humanitarian alternative that takes into account modern technological trends and challenges of the time. The article consistently considers various aspects of the stated topic. The first section of the article discusses the digital human environment. The authors indicate a significant transition in the development of the Internet from anonymity to total control. The Internet has turned from a “magical” space (a pioneering technology) into an everyday means of political, economic and other practices. Communication now is subject to total economic and moral control. The second section, “A digital person: From transhumanism to Homo telematicus and beyond”, discusses a directly anthropological aspect. The position of a person is ensured by a frequently unconscious transfer of cognitive functions to the machine. A person predominantly seeks and copies information (consumer orientation), rather than produces it. Among modern practices of handling information, situational, one-time reproduction of text from the screen is popular. At the same time, the speed of access to content is conceived as an unconditional value. The authors give two options for interpreting the digital person, relying on the philosophical concept of Homo telematicus by Jean Baudrillard and on the discourse of transhumanism. The latter constructs images of a technologically transformed being that ultimately overcomes any “limitations” of human nature. The section “Digital Age: An individual in the space of publicity” examines the pattern catalyzed by the quarantine conditions of 2020. The public digital space has invaded the private environment. This trend has ambiguous consequences: on the one hand, the growth of the public sphere and the emergence of a wide range of political and professional roles narrow the private and actually make it a social mode; on the other hand, the private turns into the secret, which must be hidden, protected. The final section, “The time of the “significant-selves”: To the anthropology of the new world”, discusses the problem of personal identity in the digital age. The authors argue that the Internet at the present stage stimulates the activity of an individual and creativity. At the philosophical level, the authors conceptualized this phenomenon as the actualization of “self-significance”.
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Yazdizadeh, Vahideh, Ziba Taghizadeh, Maryam Farmahini Farahani, Mehrandokht Nekavand, and Zeinab Abbasi. "Is AIDS related to social determinants of health in Iran? A systematic review." Immunopathologia Persa 6, no. 1 (2020): e13-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ipp.2020.13.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: AIDS is a global challenge. By looking deeper into the nature of AIDS and its transmission, it can be concluded that AIDS is a social phenomenon rather than a completely biological disease and the results of studies show a significant relationship between the risk of HIV infection and some underlying factors such as demographic, social, economic and cultural factors. Today, these structural and social factors are known as social determinants of health (SDH). The current systematic study aimed to identify SDH related to AIDS in Iran, in order to adopt appropriate strategies to prevent AIDS in Iran. Methods: All studies in Persian or English focusing on the relationship between societal health and AIDS conducted in Iran were systematically reviewed from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and internal databases (IranMedex, SID and Magiran) by December 2018. In order to evaluate the quality of the articles, the STORBE checklist was used and, after reviewing the articles, finally, out of a total of 964 articles, 18 papers were selected to enter into the study. Results: In this systematic review, 12 articles were performed on people at risk for AIDS, while 6 articles were conducted on patients with positive HIV/AIDS. Based on the WHO model, the determinants of social well-being in this study were structural determinants of heath; (gender, educational level, occupational status, income and housing) and intermediate determinants of heath (marital status, high-risk behaviors, awareness, attitude about AIDS, social support status, access to the Internet and satellite, and history of child sexual abuse). Conclusion: The main risk factors for HIV infection in Iran (intravenous opium and unsafe sexual intercourse) were related to social, economic and behavioral factors. Therefore, it is essential to consider SDH as the key factors in the emergence and control of AIDS by health policy-makers and relevant authorities for the prevention of AIDS
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Dangwal, Ritu, Krati Sharma, and Santonu Hazarika. "Hole-in-the-Wall learning stations and academic performance among rural children in India." Journal for Multicultural Education 8, no. 1 (2014): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-03-2013-0006.
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Purpose – Earlier research on “Hole-in-the-Wall (HiWEL)” conclusively indicated groups of children pick up computer literacy on their own and are adept at performing basic functions such as cut, copy, paste, surf the internet to answer high-end questions. Research also indicates that children self-organize themselves to figure out things which they find difficult and thus learning is a continuous process for them. The studies have also indicated that HiWEL pedagogy is child centric and is at the discretion of the child. Children organize themselves and become self-regulated learners. However, so far no study has been undertaken to determine whether children accessing Hole-in-the-Wall learning stations (HiWEL LSs) can improve in mathematics and English. The intent of the present study is to examine whether groups of children are able to pick up mathematics and English on their own using the learning station. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In order to study the impact of HiWEL LS on mathematics and English, the authors took two groups; experimental group and control group from six states. Experimental group – 31 children from each site (except for two sites, where experimental group consisted of 30 children) were randomly selected to be a part of the study. 16 children from class 6th and 15 children from class 7th were identified. For this study, the experimental group consisted of a total of 277 children from nine locations. Mathematics and English tests were administered at two time points, pre and post within a gap of six months of installing the learning station. Control group – children that formed the control group were selected from nearby villages with similar socioeconomic background as the experimental group. A total of 135 children (15 children per location) were selected for this study. This group did not have access to HiWEL LS or to any other computers. These children were also tested on the same two tests at two time points, pre and post within a gap of six months. Findings – Children exposed and using HiWEL LSs pick up academic English and mathematics on their own for grade 6th and 7th. These are government school going children. Qualitatively, the teachers and parents feel that they too have seen the benefits in the academic achievement of these children. Research limitations/implications – The study was done for a six-month period across seven sites. This study should be replicated over across entire India and a bigger sample should be taken for results to be conclusive. Practical implications – The actual quantity of schooling that underprivileged children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient. This seems to be true of both the educationally more advanced states and the educationally backward states. These findings suggest a new pedagogy for enabling children to improve their academic performance which in turn leads to improvement in school performance. Thus, for the current educational system, it is important to have alternatives. Originality/value – So far, no study has been undertaken to determine whether children accessing HiWEL LSs can improve in mathematics and English. The intent of the present study is to examine whether groups of children are able to pick up mathematics and English on their own using the learning station. And, the findings have been positive.
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Kong, Qingxia, Danique Riedewald, and Marjan Askari. "Factors Affecting Portal Usage Among Chronically Ill Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Netherlands: Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Human Factors 8, no. 3 (2021): e26003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26003.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the capacity of the regular health care system, which is reflected in limited access to nonurgent care for patients who are chronically ill in the Dutch health care system. Nevertheless, many of them still depend on health care assistance to manage their illnesses. Patient portals are used to provide continued health care (remotely) and offer self-management tools during COVID-19 and potentially after. However, little is known about the factors influencing portal use and users’ satisfaction among patients who are chronically ill during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective This study aims to examine predictors of patient portal use among patients who are chronically ill, the willingness to recommend the portal to others, and the likelihood of future use among portal nonusers. Methods An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed among patients who are chronically ill via social media in May 2020. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: (1) demographics including age and hours of daily internet use; (2) physical health status including COVID-19 infection, perceived level of control, and hospital visits; (3) mental health status including depression and life satisfaction; and (4) portal use including response waiting time and awareness. Descriptive, correlation, univariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors that affect portal use, users’ willingness to recommend, and nonusers’ likelihood of future portal use. Results A total of 652 patients responded, and 461 valid questionnaires were included. Among the 461 patients, 67% (n=307) were identified as patient portal users. Of the nonusers, 55% (85/154) reported not being aware of the existence of a patient portal at their hospital. Significant predictors of portal use include level of control (P=.04), hospital visit time (P=.03), depression scale (P=.03), and status of life satisfaction (P=.02). Among portal users, waiting time to get a response via the portal (P<.001) and maximum acceptable waiting time (P<.001) were the strongest predictors for willingness to recommend the portal; among nonusers, the model predicted that those who were not aware of patient portals (P<.001) and were willing to wait moderately long (P<.001) were most likely to use the portal in the future. Conclusions This study provides insights into factors that influence portal use and willingness to recommend, based on which health care providers can improve the adoption of patient portals and their services. It suggests that health care providers should leverage efficient operations management to improve responsiveness and reduce waiting time to enhance user satisfaction and willingness to recommend use. Health care organizations need to increase portal awareness among nonusers and train their patients to increase both use and longer adoption of patient portals. Factors including depression and life satisfaction can influence portal use; therefore, future studies on determinants of portal use and nonuse in this specific population are needed.
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Moodley, Padhma, and Jesika Rachel Singh. "PARENTAL REGULATION OF INTERNET USE: ISSUES OF CONTROL, CENSORSHIP AND CYBERBULLYING." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 34, no. 2 (2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1006.
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The attraction of the internet continues to grow, mobilising the attention of many users, and impressing especially adolescents globally. Whilst the internet has provided adolescents with many benefits, such as academic support; cross- cultural interactions; social support; and exposure to the world at large, there are serious risks associated with the internet. The parents’ role in this regard becomes pivotal in ensuring the safety of their children. The mechanisms used by parents in controlling their children’s use and access to the internet were the focus of this study. For this reason, the study aimed to determine the role parents play in regulating their adolescent children’s use of and access to the internet and how issues of control, censorship and cyberbullying are addressed. The study was based on Baumrind’s (in Grobman 2008) parenting styles which formed the theoretical framework. A quantitative approach was used to gauge the responses of parents who have adolescent children. Through convenience sampling, the respondents were selected to answer a questionnaire made up of closed-ended questions. The key findings that emerged from the study revealed that parents applied the permissive style of parenting when it came to male adolescents, whilst they applied the authoritative style of parenting to female adolescents.
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Silva, Fernanda Gonçalves da, Renata Andrade, Isabor Silva, and Adriana Cardoso. "Cross-cultural adaptation of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale for Brazilian Portuguese." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 38, no. 2 (2016): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0063.
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Abstract Introduction: The internet has proven to be a valuable resource for self-care, allowing access to information and promoting interaction between professionals, caregivers, users of health care services and people interested in health information. However, recurring searches are often related to excessive health anxiety and a phenomenon known as cyberchondria can have impacts on physical and mental health. Within this background, a Cyberchondria Severity Scale has been developed to differentiate healthy and unhealthy behavior in internet searches for health information, based on the following criteria: compulsion, distress, excesses, and trust and distrust of health professionals. Objective: To conduct cross-cultural adaptation of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale for Brazilian Portuguese, because of the lack of an appropriate instrument for Brazil. Methods: This study was authorized by the original author of the scale. The process was divided into the following four steps: 1) initial translation, 2) back-translation, 3) development of a synthesized version, and 4) experimental application. Results: Translation into Brazilian Portuguese required some idiomatic expressions to be adapted. In some cases, words were not literally translated from English into Portuguese. Only items 7, 8, 12, 23 and 27 were altered, as a means of both conforming to proper grammar conventions and achieving easy comprehension. The items were rewritten without loss of the original content. Conclusion: This paper presents a translated version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale that has been semantically adapted for the Brazilian population, providing a basis for future studies in this area, which should in turn contribute to improved understanding of the cyberchondria phenomenon in this population.
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Leonard, Peter. "The Elusive Mirage: Competition Regulation and Telecommunications, 1997–2000." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (2000): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600106.
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This paper looks at the operation of telecommunications-specific competition regulation pursuant to the 1997 legislation, on the eve of a review of the 1997 legislation by the Productivity Commission. The central thesis is that the ‘brave new world’ created by the 1997 legislation, of industry self-regulation of terms and conditions of access to declared telecommunications services, has been an inhospitable land for new entrants. Neither the access nor the competitive conduct provisions have operated in the way intended by the policy-makers and anticipated by new entrants at the time of introduction of the 1997 legislation. The tools of competitive conduct regulation at the retail level have proven cumbersome and susceptible to challenge. Instead of a rapid withering away of market power under threatened or actual market entry, the emergence of the Internet and commercial deployment of digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies has meant that Telstra's ability to cross-market leverage may actually have increased and extended beyond the telephony sphere. Finally, the paper identifies key issues for the Productivity Commission's review.
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Rathnayake, Sarath, and Indrajith Prasanna Liyanage. "Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Sinhala version of electronic health literacy scale: A cross-sectional validation study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (2022): e0266515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266515.
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eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) is the most widely used, valid and reliable tool to assess eHealth literacy skills, but no culturally appropriate tool exists to assess these skills among Sinhala-speaking Sri Lankans, including health professionals. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the original eHEALS from English to Sinhala and evaluate its psychometric properties. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved translation and cross-cultural validation of the questionnaire. The second phase involved a cross-sectional survey conducted online among 268 health science students from a state university in Sri Lanka to confirm the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. An analysis of test-retest reliability was conducted with a subset of 72 students. The pre-final version of Sinhala eHEALS (Si-eHEALS) was developed following the cross-cultural adaptation process. The mean score of Si-eHEALS was 28.51±4.87. A satisfactory level of internal consistency was achieved (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91). The test-retest reliability was acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient -.776). Content validity index of Si-eHEALS was.97. The principal component analysis supported the unidimensionality of the scale, explaining 61.2 variance. There was a significant positive association between Si-eHEALS score with academic year (rs = .146, p = .017), self-rated internet skills (rs = .122, p = .046), usefulness of internet in health decision making (rs = .212, p < .001) and importance of ability to access health resources on the internet (rs = .230, p < .001), confirming concurrent validity. No significant difference based on gender (U = 5854, p = .550) and degree program (X2(2) = 2.965, p = .564) was found, confirming discriminant validity. In line with many previous validation studies, our study demonstrated good psychometric properties for Si-eHEALS. Si-eHEALS is a valid and reliable tool that assesses eHealth literacy in Sinhala speaking Sri Lankans, particularly health professionals.
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Beam, Michael A., Jay D. Hmielowski, and Myiah J. Hutchens. "Democratic Digital Inequalities: Threat and Opportunity in Online Citizenship From Motivation and Ability." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 8 (2018): 1079–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218764253.
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Internet access provides a number of ways to read, share, and discuss politics. However, the political benefits from technology are most likely afforded to those with greater Internet skill, political interest, and education. This study used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data collected during the 2016 U.S. general election to investigate two online news behaviors. Guided by research on digital inequalities, the opportunities–motivation–ability framework, and communication gaps, we found that Internet skill and political interest, but not education, are related to greater online news reading and sharing. We also found conditional relationships between Internet skill and online news behaviors that were moderated by political interest and education. Skill-based digital inequalities in online news behaviors are exacerbated for those with greater political interest, but the gap is reduced for those with less education. We discuss the threat and opportunity that a digital skill communication gap poses for online citizen engagement.
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Kirkizh, Nora, and Olessia Koltsova. "Online News and Protest Participation in a Political Context: Evidence from Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Data." Social Media + Society 7, no. 1 (2021): 205630512098445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120984456.
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Availability of alternative information through social media, in particular, and digital media, in general, is often said to induce social discontent, especially in states where traditional media are under government control. But does this relation really exist, and is it generalizable? This article explores the relationship between self-reported online news consumption and protest participation across 48 nations in 2010–2014. Based on multilevel regression models and simulations, the analysis provides evidence that those respondents who reported that they had attended a protest at least once read news online daily or weekly. The study also shows that the magnitude of the effect varies depending on the political context: surprisingly, despite supposedly unlimited control of offline and online media, autocratic countries demonstrated higher effects of online news than transitional regimes, where the Internet media are relatively uninhibited.
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Farrell, Wendy Colleen, and Tipnuch Phungsoonthorn. "Generation Z in Thailand." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 20, no. 1 (2020): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595820904116.
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Generation Z has been said to have more in common with their global generational cohort than they do with their parents. The 24/7 access to information, through increasingly ubiquitous Internet access, has been credited as the facilitator of the spread of generational values and characteristics. While this may apply to Generation Z in many developed countries, does it apply in developing nations such as Thailand? For example, by the year 2015, only 40 percent of the Thai population had access to the Internet. Thus, this study attempts to understand to what extent proclaimed Generation Z characteristics and values ring true for a segment of Thai youth with the necessary access to and corresponding usage of connected technology. A literature review was conducted of both English and Thai language literature. Thai Generation Z university students were surveyed, and the results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. On the one hand, the results did support an affinity toward technology, on the other hand, it suggested that Thai youth valued and used the technology differently than their generational cohort in the west, especially concerning content creation. Furthermore, they differed from their global cohort in their preference for collectivism. They also differed from national cultural expectations as they showed tendencies toward low power distance. Finally, work values were largely consistent with international generational expectations in that they showed the strongest preference toward intrinsic and altruistic rewards. It will be essential for Human Resources (HR) to communicate these rewards to attract and retain this next generation of employees. This article contributes to the greater cross-cultural management scholarship by filling a gap in understanding the cultural and work values of a generational cohort in Thailand. It does this by highlighting the institutional and cultural setting this cohort came of age in and surveys cohort members to understand their values and preferences.
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Lin, Ling-Yu, Kan Wang, Tomoko Kishimoto, et al. "An Internet-Based Intervention for Individuals With Social Anxiety and Different Levels of Taijin Kyofusho in China." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 5 (2020): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120920720.
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The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for individuals with social anxiety (SA) and different levels of Taijin Kyofusho (TKS) in China. The ICBT program was translated into Chinese with some specific contents adapted for Chinese culture. Participants ( N = 80) with SA were assigned either to a treatment ( n = 55) or control group ( n = 25). Both groups were further divided into subgroups, based on their Taijin Kyofusho Scale (TKSS) scores. Participants in the ICBT treatment group reported significant posttreatment reductions in Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale scores, relative to participants in the control group. In addition, participants in the treatment group with higher pretreatment TKS levels showed significantly greater reductions in TKSS scores. Results suggest that ICBT is a promising approach for the treatment of individuals with SA both with and without features of TKS. Clinical and cross-cultural implications, mechanisms of change, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Kim, Sangmoon, and Joong-Hwan Oh. "Internet Use and Face-to-Face Social Interaction." Asian Journal of Social Science 46, no. 1-2 (2018): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04601008.
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Using time-use data collected in South Korea and the United States, this study examines what Internet users would do if they did not spend time online and whether these activities would include face-to-face social interaction, an important condition for a sense of attachment, physical and psychological health, and social integration. In contrast to most previous studies, we attempt to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity by either using a fixed-effects method or identifying random non-users—Internet users who do not go online on a specific day. Moreover, our cross-cultural comparison helps find more generalisable effects of Internet use. Despite the inconsistent statistical significance in the US and some differences between societies, overall, the results indicate that online time displaces time spent on face-to-face interaction with family and non-family members.
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Shin, Wonsun. "Active mediation of television, internet and mobile advertising." Young Consumers 18, no. 4 (2017): 378–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2017-00700.
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Purpose The purposes of this study are to examine how parents implement discussion-based parental mediation (i.e. active mediation) to influence the way children understand advertising on television, computers and smartphones and to investigate factors associated with parental mediation practices. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted with parents in Singapore whose children were watching television, using computers with internet access and using smartphones. Findings The degree to which parents engage in active mediation of advertising is similar across different media. Active mediation of advertising is more a function of parents’ attitudes toward advertising directed to children, parents’ concerns about media influence on their children and parental self-efficacy rather than the age of their children. Research limitations/implications The survey was conducted in a single country and did not examine the consequences of parental mediation of advertising. Future research should consider cross-cultural perspectives and investigate the outcomes of parental mediation. Practical implications For advertising practitioners, this study argues that it is important to understand how parents view different forms of advertising. For media educators and policy makers, this study suggests that various parental factors should be considered to develop effective guidelines for parents. Originality/value This study adds novel insights to the literature on consumer socialization by investigating how parents – the primary socialization agents in children’s development of consumption-related behaviors – help children understand advertising across different media.
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Mehbodniya, Abolfazl, A. Suresh Kumar, Kantilal Pitambar Rane, Komal Kumar Bhatia, and Bhupesh Kumar Singh. "Smartphone-Based mHealth and Internet of Things for Diabetes Control and Self-Management." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (October 16, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2116647.
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In patients with chronic diseases condition, mobile health monitoring facility proves to play a significant role in providing significant assistance toward personal management. This research examined the use of smartphones by diabetes patients and their intentions to apply them for self-care and monitoring as well as management. This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Jul-Aug 2021 with 200 diabetic patients (especially type 2) who were visiting specialized clinics and hospitals of Gujrat state, India. A validated questionnaire survey was designed to collect data, which included questions about demographics, information pertaining to other, use of cellphones, the Internet, and the intention to implement smartphones for diabetes monitoring, self-care, and self-management. A highest number of studied participants have mobile phone (97.5%) and smartphones (87%) and access the Internet on daily basis (83.5%). Younger participants were more inclined to use smartphone apps and have also shown more interest for continuous use in the future ( p < 0.01 ). The majority of participants used apps for nutritional planning (85.5%), to monitor glucose control (76.5%), and for scheduling of diabetes appointments on the calendar (90.5%). Recommendations to use mobile app by doctors or healthcare profession were reported by 20.5% of the participants and attitude and future intention to use mobile apps were reported by the majority of participants. The majority of type 2 diabetes patients choose to use their cellphones and the internet or mobile phone reminder system for medication as well as to plan their diets, monitor their blood sugar levels, and communicate with their doctors. The findings of this research can be used to develop strategies and implement mHealth-based therapies to assist patients with type 2 diabetes to efficiently manage their health and might contribute to reducing patients’ out-of-pocket expenditure as well as reducing disability-adjusted life years (DAILY) attributed by DM.
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Beukes, Eldré W., Marc Fagelson, Elizabeth Parks Aronson, Maria F. Munoz, Gerhard Andersson, and Vinaya Manchaiah. "Readability Following Cultural and Linguistic Adaptations of an Internet-Based Intervention for Tinnitus for Use in the United States." American Journal of Audiology 29, no. 2 (2020): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_aja-19-00014.
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Purpose An Internet-based tinnitus intervention for use in the United States could improve the provision of tinnitus-related services. Although clinical trials of such interventions were completed in Europe, the United Kingdom, and Australia, their suitability for adults with tinnitus in the United States is yet to be established. The aim of this study was to improve the cultural and linguistic suitability, and lower the readability level, of an existing program for tinnitus to ensure its suitability for U.S. English- and Spanish-speaking populations. Method Guidelines for adaptation were followed and involved four phases: (a) cultural adaptations, as interventions targeted at specific cultures have been shown to improve outcomes; (b) creating Spanish materials to improve access of the materials to the large Spanish-speaking population in the United States; (c) professional review of the materials for acceptability as an intervention tool for a U.S. population; and (d) literacy-level adjustments to make the content accessible to those with lower levels of health literacy skills. Results Cultural adaptations were made by using word substitutions, changing examples, and modifying the spelling of certain words. The materials were then translated into Spanish and cross-checked. Professional review ensured suitability of the chapters. Literacy-level adjustments ensured all chapters were within the guidelines for readability grade levels below the sixth-grade level. Conclusions The previously developed tinnitus materials were revised to adhere to best practice guidelines and ensure cultural suitability for adults with tinnitus in the United States. As it is also available in Spanish, members of the large Hispanic community also have access to the intervention in their first language. Further studies should determine whether these changes improve patients' self-efficacy, engagement, and motivation to complete the intervention.
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Ioannidis, Konstantinos, Roxanne Hook, Anna E. Goudriaan, et al. "Cognitive deficits in problematic internet use: meta-analysis of 40 studies." British Journal of Psychiatry 215, no. 5 (2019): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.3.
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BackgroundExcessive use of the internet is increasingly recognised as a global public health concern. Individual studies have reported cognitive impairment in problematic internet use (PIU), but have suffered from various methodological limitations. Confirmation of cognitive deficits in PIU would support the neurobiological plausibility of this disorder.AimsTo conduct a rigorous meta-analysis of cognitive performance in PIU from case–control studies; and to assess the impact of study quality, the main type of online behaviour (for example gaming) and other parameters on the findings.MethodA systematic literature review was conducted of peer-reviewed case–controlled studies comparing cognition in people with PIU (broadly defined) with that of healthy controls. Findings were extracted and subjected to a meta-analysis where at least four publications existed for a given cognitive domain of interest.ResultsThe meta-analysis comprised 2922 participants across 40 studies. Compared with controls, PIU was associated with significant impairment in inhibitory control (Stroop task Hedge's g = 0.53 (s.e. = 0.19–0.87), stop-signal task g = 0.42 (s.e. = 0.17–0.66), go/no-go task g = 0.51 (s.e. = 0.26–0.75)), decision-making (g = 0.49 (s.e. = 0.28–0.70)) and working memory (g = 0.40 (s.e. = 0.20–0.82)). Whether or not gaming was the predominant type of online behaviour did not significantly moderate the observed cognitive effects; nor did age, gender, geographical area of reporting or the presence of comorbidities.ConclusionsPIU is associated with decrements across a range of neuropsychological domains, irrespective of geographical location, supporting its cross-cultural and biological validity. These findings also suggest a common neurobiological vulnerability across PIU behaviours, including gaming, rather than a dissimilar neurocognitive profile for internet gaming disorder.Declaration of interestS.R.C. consults for Cambridge Cognition and Shire. K.I.’s research activities were supported by Health Education East of England Higher Training Special interest sessions. A.E.G.'s research has been funded by Innovational grant (VIDI-scheme) from ZonMW: (91713354). N.A.F. has received research support from Lundbeck, Glaxo-SmithKline, European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP), Servier, Cephalon, Astra Zeneca, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research, Wellcome Foundation, University of Hertfordshire, EU (FP7) and Shire. N.A.F. has received honoraria for lectures at scientific meetings from Abbott, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Servier, Astra Zeneca, Jazz pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, UK College of Mental Health Pharmacists and British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP). N.A.F. has received financial support to attend scientific meetings from RANZCP, Shire, Janssen, Lundbeck, Servier, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cephalon, International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, International Society for Behavioral Addiction, CINP, IFMAD, ECNP, BAP, the World Health Organization and the Royal College of Psychiatrists. N.A.F. has received financial royalties for publications from Oxford University Press and payment for editorial duties from Taylor and Francis. J.E.G. reports grants from the National Center for Responsible Gaming, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, Brainsway, and Roche and others from Oxford Press, Norton, McGraw-Hill and American Psychiatric Publishing outside of the submitted work.
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Koç, Hale, Owen O’Donnell, and Tom Van Ourti. "What Explains Education Disparities in Screening Mammography in the United States? A Comparison with The Netherlands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (2018): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091961.
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Background: In the U.S., less educated women are substantially less likely to receive screening mammography. It is not clear whether this is due to differences in access to screening or in perceptions of breast cancer risks and the effectiveness of screening. We weigh the plausibility of these two explanations by examining how the dependence of mammography on education changes after conditioning on indicators of access and perceptions. We also compare estimates for the U.S. with those for the Netherlands where there is universal access to a publicly financed screening program. Method: Cross-sectional and cross-country comparable individual level data from the American Life Panel (n = 646) and the Netherlands Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (n = 1398) were used to estimate and explain education disparities in screening mammograms given to American and Dutch women aged 40+. The education gradient was estimated using logit models. Controls were sequentially added to detect whether disparities were explained by differences in access or perceptions of risks and effectiveness. Results: In the United States, high school graduates were 11.5 percentage points (95% CI: 1–22 percentage points) less likely than college graduates to receive a screening mammogram in the previous two years. This education gradient was largely explained by differences in income, insurance coverage and receipt of medical advice. It was not explained by educational differences in the perceived risk of breast cancer and the effectiveness of mammography. There were no education disparities in receipt of mammography among Dutch women within the 50–75 age range covered by the national screening program. Conclusion: In the absence of a universal screening program in the U.S., determinants of access—income, insurance coverage and receipt of medical advice—appear to drive the education disparities in screening mammography.
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Ringberg, Torsten V., David Luna, Markus Reihlen, and Laura A. Peracchio. "Bicultural-Bilinguals." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 10, no. 1 (2010): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595809359585.
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Cross-cultural management research suggests that bicultural-bilinguals are ideal cultural mediators as they are able to access dual cultural frameworks and seamlessly switch back and forth between these. The assumption is that this switching between cultural frameworks ensures equivalency in meaning across cultures. Yet previous research has only shown this effect at a between-subject level during which cultural variables were not controlled for. Our research controls for such influences by relying on a within-subject approach, illustrating that language triggers frame switching among bicultural-bilinguals and that the process is largely tacit. Moreover, such frame switching may lead to unintended consequences for organizations seeking to control a meaning across cultures as the meaning in the original language is uprooted to a point where it may no longer be recognizable within a different language. We illustrate this drift in meaning across both concrete and abstract concepts and discuss its managerial implications.
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Długosz, Kamil. "Lexikalischer Zugriff bei Mehrsprachigen: Eine Studie zur visuellen Verarbeitung von Kognaten im Polnischen als Erstsprache." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 66, no. 1 (2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2021-0003.
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Summary Research into cross-linguistic influence in L3 acquisition and processing has recently shown remarkable growth. However, still little is known about reverse interactions, i. e. the effects of L2 and L3 on L1. This study investigates visual cognate processing in Polish to determine whether lexical access in the dominant L1 is susceptible to the influence of the non-dominant L2 and L3. A group of 13 Polish learners of German and English participated in a lexical decision task in which both double and triple cognates were examined in comparison to control non-cognates and non-words. In line with the pattern found in most similar studies, the results reveal no cognate facilitation effect, thus indicating that L1 lexical access in multilinguals may also be selective with respect to L2 and L3. The theoretical consequences for L1 lexical processing in the multilingual mind are discussed.
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Ngo, Thi Phuong Lan, and Ngoc Tho Nguyen. "Continuity and Transformation of Rural Communal Temples in Vietnam: A Case Study of Tân Chánh Village, Long An Province." International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies 17, no. 2 (2021): 249–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/ijaps2021.17.2.10.
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Vietnamese communal temples (đình làng) were primarily established with two functions: (1) as a state-patronised institution to organise and control the village politically and culturally and (2) as a place of worship of village deities and meritorious predecessors. Both functions interact and complement each other – in many cases, the second serves as both a “means” and “technique” to deploy the first. However, nowadays the administrative role is no longer available; instead, the spiritual aspects are on the rise as a response to the increasing interaction of Buddhism, Caodaism, and folk beliefs as well as the impact of economic development and urban migration. Village elders learn to organise the temple into a communal socio-cultural institution, whereby cross-village temples have formed a cultural nexus of “power”. This study finds that while several transformed into the form of “temple of heroes”, Tân Chánh temple has been mobilised and transformed into a civic “religious and socio-cultural centre” at the grassroots level. The socio-economic background of the area has caused such transformation. While the practical demand for communication and emotional exchanges among village members vividly ensures the continuity of the temple’s tradition, the loss of direct state control paves the way for its transformation. Both continuity and transformation govern the current religious activities of Tân Chánh temple but there is always a challenge to compromise and integrate these two directions. However, the remaining function of god worship by which rituals are performed as “cultural agents” still binds the villagers together and gives them access to crossing boundaries.
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Al-Ameen, Mahdi Nasrullah, Huzeyfe Kocabas, Swapnil Nandy, and Tanjina Tamanna. "“We, three brothers have always known everything of each other”: A Cross-cultural Study of Sharing Digital Devices and Online Accounts." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2021, no. 4 (2021): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2021-0067.
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Abstract Although many technologies assume that a device or an account would be used by a single user, prior research has found that this assumption may not hold true in everyday life. Most studies conducted to date focused on sharing a device or account with the members in a household. However, there is a dearth in existing literature to understand the contexts of sharing devices and accounts, which may extend to a wide range of personal, social, and professional settings. Further, people’s sharing behavior could be impacted by their social background. To this end, our paper presents a qualitative study with 59 participants from three different countries: Bangladesh, Turkey, and USA, where we investigated the sharing of digital devices (e.g., computer, mobile phone) and online accounts, in particular, financial and identity accounts (e.g., email, social networking) in various contexts, and with different entities - not limited to the members in a household. Our study reveals users’ perceptions of risks while sharing a device or account, and their access control strategies to protect privacy and security. Based on our analysis, we shed light on the interplay between users’ sharing behavior and their demographics, social background, and cultural values. Taken together, our findings have broad implications that advance the PETS community’s situated understanding of sharing devices and accounts.
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Rivera, Reynaldo, David Santos-Velasco, Victoria Cabrera-García, and María-del-Carmen Docal-Millán. "Online and offline pornography consumption in Colombian adolescents." Comunicar 24, no. 46 (2016): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c46-2016-04.
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Mass media consumption has increased markedly in recent years. One unintended consequence of this increase is the proliferation of risky consumption, including online and offline pornography. Although the literature has noted a series of predictive variables (age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure), recent studies have suggested including values and lifestyles as relevant factors in consumption decisions. The objective of the present study was to examine whether adolescents’ lifestyles were relevant predictors of the consumption of pornography both on the Internet and in magazines or videos. A cross-sectional observational study design that included a representative sample of 9,942 Colombian adolescents (Mage=14.93, SD=2.47) was used. To control the effects of sociodemographic, structural, and individual variables, their lifestyles were examined using a multiple regression analysis and mediation analysis. The results indicated that a positive intrafamilial style was associated with a reduction in the consumption of pornography; however, both a negative intrafamilial style and a relational independence style increased consumption. In addition, the study suggests that family relational styles can mediate the relationship between positive values and risky behavior both online and offline. Finally, we discuss the results from the relational perspective, including its application in media literacy programs. El consumo de medios de comunicación se ha incrementado notablemente en los últimos años. Una consecuencia no deseada de ello es la proliferación de consumos de riesgo, como es el caso de la pornografía on-line y off-line. Aunque la literatura ha señalado una serie de variables predictoras (edad, género, etnia, nivel socioeconómico o estructura familiar), estudios recientes han sugerido incluir los valores y los estilos de vida como factores asociados a las decisiones de consumo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue examinar si los estilos de vida relacionales de los adolescentes son predictores relevantes del consumo de pornografía tanto en Internet como en revistas o vídeos. Se empleó un diseño observacional transversal que incluyó una muestra representativa de 9.942 adolescentes colombianos (Medad=14,93, DT=2,47). Los estilos de vida, controlando el efecto de variables sociodemográficas, estructurales e individuales, fueron sometidos a un análisis de regresión múltiple y a un análisis de mediación. Los resultados indicaron que el estilo intrafamiliar positivo estuvo asociado con una reducción en el consumo de pornografía, sin embargo, tanto el estilo intrafamiliar negativo como el de independencia relacional incrementan el mismo. Además se propone que los estilos relacionales familiares pueden mediar la relación entre los valores positivos y el comportamiento de riesgo on-line y off-line. Finalmente, se realiza una discusión de los resultados desde la perspectiva relacional y su aplicación en programas de educación mediática.
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DaPonte, Daniella, France Talbot, Nickolai Titov, et al. "Facilitating the Dissemination of iCBT for the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression: A Feasibility Study." Behaviour Change 35, no. 3 (2018): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.14.
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AbstractTranslating existing internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (iCBT), along with the use of transdiagnostic and self-guided formats, may prove to be a cost-effective option of disseminating iCBT. Only recently have encouraging findings been reported for a self-guided delivery. This study assessed the feasibility of a French and self-guided version of an existing English iCBT course, called the Wellbeing Course, for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Existing ICBT programs have not yet been delivered in French, although this language is spoken worldwide. Thirty-one participants were included in a single group pre-post open trial with a 3-month follow-up. Feasibility outcomes were attrition, treatment adherence, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. Primary outcome measures were the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7). Nearly 75% of the participants completed the program. Over 80% of the participants provided posttreatment and follow-up data. All study completers reported that they would recommend the Wellbeing Course to a friend having similar problems. Significant reductions in symptoms of anxiety and depression were found following treatment, consistent with earlier studies. These preliminary findings support the use of the assessed strategies to facilitate the cross-cultural dissemination of iCBT for a more universal access to quality psychological care.
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Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw, Kassahun Gebeyehu Yazew, and Mignote Hailu Gebrie. "Evidence-based practice utilization and associated factors among nurses working in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0248834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248834.
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Background Applying evidence-based practice during care provision is essential because it improves the quality of care, reduces health care costs, and increases patient and family satisfaction. However, information on evidence-based nursing practice and associated factors were not well studied and documented in the study area. Hence, this study aimed to assess utilization and associated factors of evidence-based practice among nurses working in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 18 to April 16, 2019, in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 684 respondents. Data were collected using a pretested and self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7.1.2.0 and exported to SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. The bivariable analysis was used primarily and variables with p-value < 0.2 were further examined using a multivariable logistic regression model to control con-founders. Then, variables’ p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI was used to determine associated factors. Results From 684 proposed nurses, 671 of them completed the questionnaire giving 98.1% response rate. Of these, 55% (95% CI: 51.2, 58.9) of them had good evidence-based practice utilization. Variables including single (AOR = 1.662: 95% CI: 1.089–2.536), fewer work experience (AOR = 1.849: 95% CI: 1.049–3.257), good knowledge (AOR = 2.044: 95% CI: 1.406–2.972), effective communication skill (AOR = 2.537: 95% CI: 1.744–3.689), EBP training (AOR = 3.224 95% CI: 1.957–5.311), internet access (AOR = 1.655: 95% CI: 1.119–2.448) and evidence-based guideline availability (AOR = 1.827: 95% CI: 1.249–2.673) were found to be predictors of evidence-based practice utilization. Conclusions The study revealed that evidence-based practice utilization among nurses is low. Availing evidence-based guidelines in the work area, improving facilities’ internet access, and building nurses’ evidence-based practice competencies through either by giving separate training or incorporating as part of the curriculum would improve its utilization.
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Asadi, Farkhondeh, and Nahid Ramezanghorbani. "Proposing a Model for the National Hemovigilance Information System in Iran." Journal of Medicine and Life 13, no. 2 (2020): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2019-0112.
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The present study aimed to propose a model for the national hemovigilance information system with a database approach, considering the importance and necessity of developing an information system for such a network. This is an applied, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 2018. The research population comprised hemovigilance information systems in advanced countries, including the USA, UK, Australia, and France. Data were collected from library sources and the Internet from 2000 to 2018. The proposed model for the national hemovigilance information system was introduced using comparative tables and based on the similarities and differences of systems in the studied countries. The proposed model was then validated using the two-step Delphi technique through a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed, and reliability was approved by a Cronbach’s alpha of 94%. The final model of the national hemovigilance information system comprised five main components: goals, organizations involved in the blood transfusion process, databases of blood transfusion organizations, data transfer flow between the databases of blood transfusion organizations, and transferable datasets, and hemovigilance-related committees. This model was approved by experts with an >85% agreement coefficient. The national hemovigilance information system with a database approach can improve blood transfusion health by providing access to reliable sources on blood transfusion complications to everyone, especially the medical community. Thus, it is essential to implement this standard accurately and precisely control the practical methods of this process based on international guidelines.
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Sun, Fei, and Melissa Batchelor. "East Meets West: Community-Based Programs for Dementia Prevention and Support." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1871.
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Abstract This East Meets West Symposium presents cross-cultural evidence of community-based programs developed to address cognitive health needs of older adults or to support dementia family caregivers. It includes five studies from mainland China, Taiwan, and the U.S.A. The first study explored the adherence to computerized cognitive training to promote cognitive health among Chinese older adults using a qualitative approach. External encouragement, and self-awareness of performance improvement were found influential to older adults’ adherence. The second study spearheaded by American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) in the U.S.A shed further light on technology use in promoting brain health by comparing in-person versus online cognitive training to older Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. The third study tested the effectiveness of a cognitive health management model for community-dwelling older adults including healthy and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) ones in Shanghai, China. Older adults with MCI who received the management service showed better cognition outcomes compared to their counterparts in the control group. The fourth study focused on a community program named “Carer Café”, developed to support dementia family caregiver in Taiwan. Participants (n=375) reported reduced stress and increased access to service referrals. The last study examined the stakeholders’ perceptions of dementia friendly initiatives (DFI) being implemented in U.S.A, mainland China, and Taiwan to support persons with dementia and family caregivers. The impacts of DFI made, challenges DFI faced, and strategies DFI used during COVID-19 pandemic were discussed. The discussant will comment on each article’s contributions and limitations in the context of literature.
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Labayen, Miguel Fernández, and Irene Gutierrez. "Digital placemaking as survival tactics: Sub-Saharan migrants’ videos at the Moroccan–Spanish border." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 27, no. 3 (2021): 664–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856520982974.
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This article examines the use of digital media by irregular migrants in their preparation to cross the Moroccan–Spanish border. Based on long-term exploratory research that includes active participation and in-depth interviews, we analyse the videos produced by sub-Saharan young males while they live in the settlements near Ceuta. By focusing on processes of self-representation and border crossing, we highlight the role of digital media as it embodies a liminal physical experience against the violence applied by the Moroccan border security forces and the surveillance systems implemented by the Spanish Guardia Civil. Departing from recent contributions to digital migration studies, this article develops the concept of digital placemaking as an assemblage of discourses and spatial practices that serve opposite interests and generate an extremely violent confrontation through the use and control of borderspace. Therefore, we claim that the migrants’ placemaking strategies can be understood as mobile counter-discourses against border control. In this sense, the physical and digital activities of the migrants in the settlements are examples of what we call tactical placemaking, insofar as they become ways to stay alive and link their persons and futures to discussions about access to place and its consequences. To examine the migrants’ spatial tactics and their social meaning, first we will offer a brief infrastructural and historiographical account of the Moroccan–Spanish border in Ceuta. Second, we will explain our methodological perspective to shed light on the modes that placemaking experiences are created and circulated among migrants during and after their stay at the settlements. Finally, we will study the self-recordings shot in the clandestine camps of the forest in Fnideq and the border of Ceuta and consider how these videos materialize legal, cultural and physical imaginaries on migration while they simultaneously disrupt official attempts at controlling placemaking.
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Lee, Hyeon-Seung, Taylor Griffith, and Sohee Park. "Bodily Self-Disturbances in Schizophrenia: A Comparative Study of South Korea and the USA." Psychopathology 54, no. 5 (2021): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517933.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Bodily self-disturbances are highly salient to the phenomenology of schizophrenia (SZ) but difficult to quantify owing to the subjective nature of these experiences that challenge verbal descriptions. The Benson et al. [PsyCh J. 2019 Mar;8(1):110–21] Body Disturbances Inventory (B-BODI) provides visual aids to help participants access the frequency, distressfulness, and vividness of subjective self-experiences with good reliability and validity in North American samples. However, the concept of the self and, accordingly, the conceptualization of self-disorders are influenced by culture. Therefore, we examined self-disturbances in individuals with SZ and control (CO) participants in 2 distinct cultures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> B-BODI was administered to South Korean and North American participants, with and without SZ. Severity of symptoms in diagnosed individuals with SZ and schizotypy in CO was assessed. We also assessed perceived social isolation and mood in all participants. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Endorsement and frequency of bodily self-disturbances in SZ were similar in both cultures. In contrast, there were significant cultural differences in the degree of distress and vividness of self-disturbances. Bodily self-disturbances were experienced as more vivid and distressing to Americans than Koreans, regardless of diagnosis. For both cultures, B-BODI scores were associated with positive, but not negative, symptoms in SZ. For CO, elevated schizotypy was associated with B-BODI scores. Mood and loneliness were not associated with B-BODI scores. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SZ reported overall increased levels of bodily self-disturbances compared with CO, regardless of culture. However, there were cultural differences in one’s emotional reaction to these experiences. Americans were more distressed by self-disturbances and experienced them more vividly than Koreans. These findings suggest that Americans may be less accepting of anomalous bodily self-experiences relative to Koreans. Last, B-BODI appears to be a useful tool for future cross-cultural studies of SZ phenomenology.
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Roy, Roshan Kumar, D. K. Roy, A. Bist, and S. Ghimire. "Knowledge and Prevalence of Family Planning Measures among Community People of Chisapani, Banke." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 16, no. 2 (2018): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v16i2.24892.
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Introduction: Global threat of increasing population has become a challenge to control. That's why Family planning is a strong matter of concern for most of the developing countries like Nepal. The first family planning service in Nepal was provided by Family Planning Association Nepal (FPAN) in 1959 to provide an Integrated Package of Essential Services (IPES) that includes comprehensive counseling; family planning and sexual health services; safe abortion services; HIV and AIDS and other sexually-transmitted infection (STI) services; gynecological, prenatal, and post-natal care; and GBV care. Several studies reflect that increment in population is directly related to the level of education, low family income, and lack of awareness, strong cultural beliefs and many more. Especially, village areas of Nepal are deprived of Family Planning services and measures due to lack of coverage and other facilities. Thus knowledge regarding Family planning and contraception needs to be accessed and hence a village in Chisapani, Banke district of Nepal was chosen for this study.
 Objectives: The overall objectives of our study were to access the knowledge regarding Family planning, to access the practise of Contraceptive measures and to find out the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) among community people of Chisapani village, Banke.
 Material and Method: A Cross-sectional descriptive study with population size of 410 community people was performed in Chisapani, Banke; starting from 18th June to 2nd September, 2018. A pre-tested questionnaire containing structural, semi-structural and open ended questions were made as data collection tool. All the people in this study were interviewed after receiving consent as an ethical clearance.
 Result: 393 out of 410 (i.e. 95.85%) people in our studyhave known about Family planning via Mass Media (75.82%). Only 70.48% people responded to have used any Contraceptive measure. Depo was found to be the most used measure (i.e. 54.87%). 42.43% people have heard about emergency contraceptive pills but only 20.68% among them have ever used it.
 Conclusion: Though 95.85% of the respondents of our study had known about Family Planning however only 70.48% people have been using any of the contraceptive measures. Emergency contraceptive pills were used by only 20.68% of the respondents.
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Sheinov, Viktor P. "Smartphone Addiction and Personality: Review of International Research." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 18, no. 1 (2021): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2021-18-1-235-253.
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Mobile phones are perhaps the most popular digital devices that accompany us all the time. Smartphones certainly provide us with many conveniences but at the same time these devices are the reason why many users develop a pathological condition known as nomophobia or smartphone addiction, i. e., fear of losing phone contact or being away from network coverage. Many people, especially teenagers and children, cannot imagine their life without smartphones and try never to part with them. Phone addicts, due to the fact that their attention is constantly riveted to the smartphone screen, cannot efficiently study, do work thoughtfully and productively, establish relationships with others and, in general, live a full-fledged life. Smartphone addiction is a new phenomenon, one of the most widespread non-medical addictions, which in its scale has already left behind Internet addiction and addiction to gambling, forming a dangerous conglomerate with them. Numerous studies show that smartphone addiction has a detrimental effect on many important aspects of modern life. The purpose of this article is to provide an analytical review of international studies on the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological and socio-psychological characteristics of personality. The choice of international studies as the initial data for the analysis was made due to the fact that it was in them (much earlier than in Russian ones) that the largest number of empirical results were obtained, which are of significant theoretical and practical interest. The number of Russian studies on this topic is much smaller, while many of them were carried out on small samples or were only discussions of international research results. Thus, it can be stated that the extensive information accumulated by international researcher on the dependence on smartphones is used insufficiently in Russian scientific community. The smartphone addiction is positively associated with such negative factors as depression, anxiety, stress, decreased self-esteem and self-control, sleep and health problems, low quality of life and dissatisfaction with it, family problems, poor school performance and the danger of becoming a victim of cyberbullying. Much higher smartphone addiction is typical of younger users. Assessments of smartphone dependence are positively correlated with being female, with smoking and consuming alcohol. A serious obstacle to relevant Russian research was the lack of Russian-language measuring instruments. To eliminate this obstacle, the author adapted and validated The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) by M. Kwon et al. for the Russian-speaking society, and developed a reliable and valid Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire. In Russian studies on smartphone addiction, the results obtained on international samples can serve as basis for working hypotheses as well as initial data in cross-cultural research.
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Jiang, Shuhan, Weifang Zhang, Tingzhong Yang, Dan Wu, Lingwei Yu, and Randall R. Cottrell. "Regional Internet Access and Mental Stress Among University Students: A Representative Nationwide Study of China." Frontiers in Public Health 10 (April 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.845978.
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BackgroundThe Internet changed the lives of average citizens in the early part of the twenty-first century, and it has now become an essential part of daily life. Many studies reported that accessibility of Internet use is associated with mental health. However, previous studies examining this association were confined to local and community subpopulations and limited at the individual level, which increases the potential bias from the selection effect at a different level. Regional variables would be a stable estimate of people's socioeconomic and cultural environments and how these variables affect mental health needed to be studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between regional Internet access, and mental stress among university students.MethodsParticipants were 11,954 students, who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process conducted in 50 Chinese universities. Regional Internet access was retrieved from a national database, and mental stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (Chinese Version) (CPSS). Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were considered in the analyses.ResultsMore than one-third 36.9% (95% CI: 24.4–49.5%) of university students in this study suffered from severe mental stress (SMR). The multilevel logistic regression model found that university students studied in low-level universities had 2.52 (95% C.I. 1.17 to 6.37) times the prevalence of SMR than those in high-level universities. Compared with small cities, students in a large city had a lower prevalence of SMR (OR 0.25; 95%C.I. 0.06 to 0.77). Most importantly, regional Internet access was negatively associated with students' SMR (OR 0.25; 95%C.I. 0.08 to 0.76).ConclusionsThis study indicated that regional Internet access and other environmental factors including city size and type of universities contribute to students' mental health. The findings underscore that efforts to control excessive mental stress among students in China should pay greater attention to environmental determinants of stress and particularly to improve internet access.
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Hou, Rui. "Beyond Big Brother: How to Study Tech-Driven Authoritarianism With Restricted Access to State Institutions." Ethnography, August 16, 2022, 146613812211202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14661381221120208.
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With the tremendous advancements in Internet, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, the power and potential of digital technologies has a special appeal to political rulers. How can qualitative researchers explore tech-driven authoritarianism when they have limited access to state institutions? This article addresses this question by arguing for a wider and more nuanced understanding of tech-driven authoritarianism as a state-market complex mediating the political application of digital technologies. Based on my own research on China’s Internet surveillance, I find that the engagement of the private sector, especially technology companies, in authoritarian control creates new opportunities for qualitative researchers to study state power in non-state fields. By reflecting on my experience of field-site choice, gaining access, and informant recruitment, I discuss how thorough preparation in both theory and fieldwork approaches help qualitative investigators develop creative ways of collecting information on tech-driven authoritarianism.
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Kartik Barad, Santosh Kumar Parida, and Kunu Nayak. "IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SCHOOL EDUCATION IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), January 24, 2022, 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra9403.
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The pandemic COVID-19 has significantly hampered every aspect of human life, including education worldwide. Every school is closed to control the spread of the global pandemic COVID-19. Sudden closure of schools brings difficulties to carry on with face-to-face classroom teaching. So, online education is a panacea to continue the education system in India. However, the lack of technological awareness among teachers and students, network infrastructures, computers, and internet access create a challenging situation in handling the school education system. This paper analyses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the school education system in India. Based on the published articles, documents, reports, and news commentaries, this paper provides a critical analysis and reflection on the challenges and opportunities created by the global pandemic COVID-19 in the school education system of India. The study revealed that schools, teachers, and students do not have sufficient infrastructure like configured laptops, internet, microphones, etc., to efficiently impart education and significant problems raised in the field of E-learning atmosphere, Pedagogical practices, Curricular and Co-curricular activities, and Evaluation and feedback. KEY WORDS: COVID-19, School Education, Challenges, Opportunities
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Meherali, Salima, Komal Abdul Rahim, Sandra Campbell, and Zohra S. Lassi. "Does Digital Literacy Empower Adolescent Girls in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review." Frontiers in Public Health 9 (December 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.761394.
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Background: The vast majority (90%) of the world's adolescents aged 10–19 live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); and in those resource-limited settings, girls face distinct challenges across multiple health, social, and economic domains. Gender equality and girls' empowerment are key goals in their own right and are central to all other development goals. Digital literacy is a great enabler for the empowerment of young girls. This systematic review aims to assess the range and nature of digital literacy interventions implemented to empower adolescent girls in LMICs and identify evidence about adolescent girls' access and use of digital technologies in LMICs.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) standards for systematic reviews. Two reviewers selected studies, conducted quality assessments, and extracted data by using standard forms. The collected data include the design of the study, type of digital literacy intervention, target audience, intervention received, intervention reach, data analysis, and study outcomes. The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020216756).Results: Thirty-five studies met the eligibility for inclusion and of those, 11 were experimental studies (randomized controlled trial = 6; quasi-experimental = 2; before-after with no control = 3), 11 were cross-sectional/descriptive studies, seven studies used a mixed-method approach, and six were qualitative studies on digital literacy interventions to empower young girls in LMICs. The majority of digital literacy interventions were designed and implemented to improve sexual and reproductive health rights and decision-making of adolescent girls in LMICs (n = 33). Only three papers reported the use of digital media for health-related information and decision making, while only one reported on educational and social empowerment.Discussion: Our findings suggest that digital literacy interventions such as mobile phones, mobile health tools, media exposure, access to the internet, internet-based educational strategies, social media exposure are effective to empower adolescent girls to access health services and information and also enhance the access to educational resources. However, we found inconclusive evidence on the effectiveness of digital literacy to enhance girls' access to financial services and economic empowerment. More rigorous studies with long-term follow-ups to assess the effectiveness of such interventions to empower adolescent girls in LMICs are urgently needed.
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Yeh, Ming-Chin, Wincy Lau, Siqian Chen, et al. "Adaptation of diabetes prevention program for Chinese Americans – a qualitative study." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13733-5.
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Abstract Background Studies have demonstrated that a culturally and linguistically tailored Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) can be effective in reducing diabetes risk in Chinese Americans. The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural and linguistic acceptability of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Prevent T2 curriculum in an online format in the Chinese American community in New York City (NYC). Methods Three focus groups among a total of 24 Chinese Americans with prediabetes and one community advisory board (CAB) meeting with 10 key stakeholders with expertise in diabetes care and lifestyle interventions were conducted. Each focus group lasted approximately 1 to 1.5 h. All groups were moderated by a bilingual moderator in Chinese. The sessions were audiotaped, transcribed and translated to English for analysis. Using Atlas.ti software and open coding techniques, two researchers analyzed transcripts for thematic analysis. Results Five key themes were identified: barriers to behavioral changes, feedback on curriculum content and suggestions, web-based intervention acceptability, web-based intervention feasibility, and web-based intervention implementation and modifications. Participants with prediabetes were found to have high acceptability of web-based DPP interventions. Suggestions for the curriculum included incorporating Chinese American cultural foods and replacing photos of non-Asians with photos of Asians. Barriers included lack of access to the internet, different learning styles and low technology self-efficacy for older adults. Conclusion Although the acceptability of web-based DPP in the Chinese American community in NYC is high, our focus group findings indicated that the major concern is lack of internet access and technical support. Providing support, such as creating an orientation manual for easy online program access for future participants, is important.
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Çoban, Mustafa Necati. "The Effect of the Internet on Inflation: A Research on ASEAN-5 Countries." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 10, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v10i1.7310.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Information and communication technologies have become widespread with the onset of globalization, affecting almost every facet of human life. Increasing internet usage has made accessing information swift and easy. The internet has also had a significant economic impact and provided financial benefits to nations all around the world to increase productivity and efficiency and reduce costs. Customers had been able to access products at lower prices as a result of the reduction in market entry barriers and search costs, which led to an increase in competition in the markets. The research aimed to investigate the effect of the internet on inflation in ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand). Consumer prices (annual %) were used as an indicator of inflation, and individuals using the internet (% of population) were used as an indicator of internet usage. Control variables such as unemployment rate, real interest rate, energy use and money growth were also included in the research. Panel data analysis was performed using the data of ASEAN-5 countries covering the period of 1994-2014. Pooled least squares method (Pooled OLS) was applied to obtain an estimation of the model. As a result, it is found that as internet usage increases, inflation rates decrease in ASEAN-5 countries.