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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « International trade – United States »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "International trade – United States"

Jung, Jae-Woo, et Jae-Sung Hong. « United States’ Trade Policy and Future Outlook : Focus on United States Trade Representative and United States International Trade Commission ». Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 23, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2021) : 169–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2021.23.4.169.

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Davis, Lucas W., et Matthew E. Kahn. « International Trade in Used Vehicles : The Environmental Consequences of NAFTA ». American Economic Journal : Economic Policy 2, n^o 4 (1 novembre 2010) : 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.2.4.58.

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Since trade restrictions were eliminated in 2005, Mexico has imported over 2.5 million used vehicles from the United States. Using a unique, vehicle-level dataset, we find that traded vehicles are dirtier than the stock of vehicles in the United States and cleaner than the stock in Mexico, so when a vehicle is traded from the United States to Mexico average vehicle emissions per mile tend to decrease in both countries. Overall, however, the evidence suggests that trade has increased total lifetime emissions, primarily because of low vehicle retirement rates in Mexico. (JEL F13, F14, L62, O13, O19, Q53, Q56)

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Popova, Lyudmila Olegovna. « USA AND CHINA : RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE ». International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 03, n^o 01 (1 janvier 2023) : 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-03-01-06.

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This article examines the relationship between China and the United States, being the two largest economies in the world, for 6 years they have been at the center of a trade conflict, which could soon develop into a trade war.

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Alam, Md Habib. « Next Steps Might Be Considered by Joe Biden for the Development of International Trade Law ». European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, n^o 11 (25 novembre 2020) : 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.11.2234.

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The United States of America is a part of the globalization of international trade law. The USA is known as a leading global trader among all nations. The President of the USA plays a vital role in the development of international trade law. On 8 November 2016, Donald Trump was elected as president of the United States of America. Donald Trump engaged in different trade deals and policies with different countries and international institutions. The trade deals and policies are withdrawal from TPP, reshaping NAFTA, reforming WTO, and imposing tariffs on foreign goods. On 8 November 2020, CNN commented, Joe Biden will be the next president of the USA. Many scholars expressed different thoughts relating to the reforming international trade law by Joe Biden. The main aim of Joe Biden will be to remove trade barriers and end artificial trade wars with different foreign nations. My research will suggest how Joe Biden may overcome these issues for the betterment of the international trade law around the world.

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Alam, Md Habib. « Next Steps Might Be Considered by Joe Biden for the Development of International Trade Law ». European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, n^o 11 (25 novembre 2020) : 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.11.2234.

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Bapaliev, K. O., et A. T. Mashaeva. « BATTLE OF THE TITANS : FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC ». Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, n^o 2-2-2022 (30 avril 2022) : 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2022.2.763-768.

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To date, international trade has reached unprecedented peaks, in other words, in 2020, the volume of exports amounted to 16.9 trillion. дollars (US), and imports amounted to 17.1 trillion. дollars (USA). This article discusses the trade battle that began in 2016 between two major players in international trade. Major players in international trade are the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. The development of international trade directly depends on the relationship between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America, since the People's Republic of China ranks first in terms of exports and second in terms of imports. At the same time, the United States of America ranks first in terms of imports and second in terms of exports. The trade battle between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America opens up opportunities for the development of international trade to third parties, as the Kyrgyz Republic took advantage of this opportunity.

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Kashyap, Usha, et Neha Bothra. « Sino-US Trade and Trade War ». Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.879180.

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Trade has been one of the most primary reasons behind economic association. Cross-border trade not only makes the markets cost-efficient but rather also brings up a higher degree of specialization to the respective nations. Bilateral trades have proven to be quintessential to both sides of the deal. However, on a parallel front, every economy has a self-interest toward the domestic produce, and they also try to defend their local manufacturers from cross-border competition. The United States has an “America-first” policy. Whenever the United States imposes tariffs and duties, similar responses have been observed by China. These moves are an area of great concern for global trade. The impact is often visible on the rest of the world. A trade-off exists between domestic economic growth and favored imports. This study is an attempt to discuss the trade relations between the United States and China and how this has led to a trade war. The trade tensions between the United States and China may continue for a few more years. There is a battle for economic supremacy and global leadership. This study explains why the United States is increasing tariffs on Chinese goods and how China is retaliating. This US–China trade war has affected not only the two economies but also the world economy. This study elucidates the repercussions of trade war on the international supply chain and the countries of the European Union. This study has also endeavored to discuss the impact of this trade war on the Indian economy. It is a golden opportunity for India to increase exports to China, the United States, and Europe.

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Grinols, Earl L., H. Peter Gray, Thomas Pugel et Ingo Walter. « International Trade, Employment and Structural Adjustment : The United States. » Industrial and Labor Relations Review 42, n^o 1 (octobre 1988) : 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2523182.

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Hashemzadeh, Nozar, et Prahlad Kasturi. « Employment effects of international trade in the united states ». International Trade Journal 4, n^o 2 (décembre 1989) : 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853908908523690.

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Malbon, Justin. « The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement : Trade Trumps Indigenous Interests ». Media International Australia 111, n^o 1 (mai 2004) : 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411100106.

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This article argues that the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA) selectively recognises and affirms international conventions and agreements that promote the narrow economic self-interests of powerful groups. It does this whilst disregarding those international instruments — including the Convention on Biological Diversity and the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity — that seek to recognise and promote the cultural and intellectual property rights of Indigenous people. Although AUSFTA does make some concessions for Indigenous interests by providing negative exemptions from the chapters dealing with trade in services, government procurement and investment, these concessions are relatively weak in the face of the Agreement's pursuit of free trade. Using the model of Chapter 19, which imposes positive obligations on the United States and Australia to promote environmental interests, it is proposed that future Australian FTAs should enunciate positive obligations for Australia's Indigenous people.

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Thèses sur le sujet "International trade – United States"

Lo, Chih-Cheng. « International trade disputes in intellectual property : Taiwanese cases in the United States International Trade Commission ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.626852.

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Section 337 of the Tariff Act in the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has been recognised as a mechanism for further strengthening patent protection and competitiveness of US firms (Aoki and Prusa, 1993; Mutti and Yeung 1996). Section 337 has an effective deterrent, the Exclusive Order, which prohibits the imports and lor distribution of imported products based on one or more patents held by US firms that have been infringed. Several studies have shown that there is a strategic motivation behind patent litigation (Lerner, 1995; Somaya, 2003; Harhoff and Reitzig, 2004; Lanjouw and Schankerman, 2004). However, a fuller understanding of how firms react to the enforcement environment has not been fully explored. After reviewing the relevant literature in highlighting the issue of cross-border patent litigation, the contribution of this thesis is to take the viewpoint of a foreign firm from a newly industrialised country to illustrate the issue of the strategic use of trade-relevant patent protection. With this in mind, the main research questions in this thesis are as follows: (1) What issues and interactions have taken place in the trade-relevant patent dispute between Taiwan and the US? (2) What patterns of cross-border patent dispute emerge from the USITC protection mechanism involving in Taiwanese firms? (3) What are the strategic responses of Taiwanese firms to defending a lawsuit in US jurisdiction? For the empirical part of the thesis, a patent litigation dataset was constructed with records extracted from the ITC investigation achieve and LEXIS-Nelson database; and descriptive statistics were computed to uncover the overall patterns of Taiwanese trade-relevant patent litigations and infringed patents. The findings illustrate sharply the characteristics of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) relevant products' competition between American and Taiwanese firms. This was particularly the case after the year 2000 as Taiwanese firms became involved in patent infringement cases as direct defendants rather than as a third party as occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. Specifically, half of the infringed patents in Section 337 investigation cases were located in the classifications of computer hardware and semiconductor devices. Further empirical studies to evaluate how Taiwanese firms respond to the risk of litigation and its various impacts reported is based on a research design that combined insights gained from interviews with in-depth case studies. Following an analysis of interviewee responses, potential impact of US patent disputes of two significant USITC investigations associated with Taiwanese firms were analysed using firm level performance data. The findings appear to support those from other empirical literature about the industry-specific importance of a patent. The case studies illustrate that the role of patent litigation is perceived as a strategic manipulation rather than a protection mechanism in leT industries. Finally, the finding casts doubt on the effectiveness of discriminatory regulation to protect patent rights in the US due to the distortionary effects caused by the strategic motivations of both complainant and defendant.

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McKenzie, Francine. « The Commonwealth, the United States and international trade negotiations, 1942-1948 ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360845.

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Mathieu, Josue. « Fighting unfair trade, leveling the playing field, enforcing trade rights. The construction of trade protection in the United States and the European Union ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284624.

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The PhD dissertation studies the construction of trade protection in the United States and the European Union. It focuses in particular on measures of contingent protection, comprising anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties and safeguards. The dissertation adopts a constructivist approach based on narrative analysis: broadening the conventional scope of political economy research on trade, the analysis combines the study of narratives with the concept of ‘discourse coalition’. The period under investigation spans over the period 2010-2014, covering the Obama Administration and the mandate of European Commissioner for trade Karel De Gucht. Adopting a comparative approach of the US and EU trade policy, the dissertation provides a detailed analysis of the US administration’s and the European Commission’s discourses on trade protection, and includes an analysis of a large array of other actors’ alternative, or competing constructions of contingent protection. The dissertation demonstrates that a specific type of unilateral enforcement plays an underestimated role in the construction of contingent protection. It also emphasizes that policy actors consider contingent protection as necessary to convince people that the trading system is fair; the research proposes the concept of ‘discursive embedded liberalism’ to account for this specific construction of trade protection. The research underlines elements of continuity and change, showing that many elements of the current crisis within the international trade regime were already in the making in the period under investigation.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Milligan, Joseph E. « The determinants Of United States government policy And practice towards offsets in international trade / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FMilligan.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Program Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Richard Doyle, Raymond Franck. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-120). Also available online.

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Perone, Francesco. « Settlement of anti-dumping cases by price undertaking : the European Community and United States practice ». Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23963.

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The GATT Anti-Dumping Code provides that anti-dumping proceedings may be concluded without the imposition of duties if the exporters of the dumped product offer undertakings which the authorities of the importing country consider acceptable. Undertakings are, in essence, formal commitments by exporters under anti-dumping investigation to abstain from dumping or to ensure that their exports will not injure the domestic producers of the product concerned. In accordance with the GATT rules, he anti-dumping laws of the European Community and the United States contain provisions allowing the anti-dumping authorities to accept price undertakings. In practice, however, the use of undertakings in the two jurisdictions has been considerably different. This thesis analyzes and compares the law and practice of the European Community and the United States with regard to price undertakings.

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Wilcox, Joseph Morgan. « Trafficking in women : International sex services ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2754.

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This research looks to identify precursors to women becoming involved in trafficking for prostitution and/or sexual services in the United States. The failure to find patterns or trends regarding why women are trafficked or what types of women are trafficked most often, helps dispel some myths regarding the stereotypical victim of trafficking.

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Milton, Thomas James. « The effects of international trade on income inequality in the United States, 1979-1992 ». ScholarWorks, 1995. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/hodgkinson/3.

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The primary purpose of this study was to find out if international trade was a cause of the increase in income inequality that occurred in the United States after 1979. The secondary purposes were to test the predictions of international trade theory regarding the effects of trade on income distribution within nations and to see if trade is a cause of diverging productivity growth between economic sectors. The general hypothesis was that international trade affects income inequality through its effects on wage structure and employment structure. With the relationship between income inequality and the labor market variables established by definition, the general hypothesis had to be tested only for possible relationships between the labor market variables and trade variables. Specific hypotheses, based on trade theory, were used to examine such relationships with quantitative data from government sources and statistical methods of data analysis. The results supported the general hypothesis, indicating that international trade contributed to changes in wage structure and employment structure that increased income inequality from 1979 to 1992. The results indicated that trade performance affected the labor market variables through its effects on product demand, rather than through its effects on productivity. The results supported an alternative hypothesis that industry productivity affects trade performance. At the same time, the results indicated that trade raised the average level of productivity for the trading sector, thereby increasing the productivity gap between this sector and the nontrading sector. The results further indicated that technology affected wages through its effect on trade performance. Generally, the results supported the main predictions of international trade theory as well as some modified predictions regarding the effects of trade on income distribution within nations. The policy implication of this study is that as U.S. trade shifts toward developing countries, its effects on income inequality will accelerate, resulting in a more widely polarized society. Instead of trying to prevent these effects by reimposing trade barriers, the government should try to remedy them by supporting a private sector system of retraining and job placement. This system would be financed by a national tax on consumption.

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Shen, Chyi. « Great power trade competition in East Asian markets / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988699.

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Larivee, David Rene. « The interaction between foreign direct investment and voluntary export restraints : with an application to the United States automobile industry ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333358.

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Cartwright, Madison Karl. « State, market, and corporate power in the international political economy : The case of copyright standard setting by the united states, 1980 to today ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19835.

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Intellectual property, including copyright specifically, has been a cornerstone of the United States’ (US) international trade policy over the past three decades at the bilateral, regional and multilateral level. Meanwhile, the past three decades has also been a period of intense disruption of copyright law due to the emergence of new technology. This includes home-taping devices, the internet and online file-sharing services. In response, the US’s domestic laws on copyright have also changed dramatically during this time. Applying a historical institutionalist analysis, this thesis examines how processes of domestic institutional change on copyright influenced, and were influenced, by the US’s international trade agenda. In particular, it analyses how the emergence of new technology changes the balance of power between local commercial interests and their preferences, and the impact this has on state preferences in international negotiations. However, the thesis does not limit its analysis to copyright owning interests such as film studios and software publishers. It also includes the commercial interests behind these new technologies themselves. Additionally, the thesis does not accept that the discursive strategies of these interests were pivotal in making copyright a major trade priority, or that they determine state preferences through institutional capture of the US’s trade negotiator’s office. Instead, the thesis argues that it is the confluence of commercial interests and state interests, particular on economic nationalist and security grounds, which has determined the international negotiating agenda of the US. As a result, the US international copyright standard setting efforts have been determined by a combination of the state’s economic nationalist and security interests, and how these align with those of local commercial constituents. US preferences have thus evolved with changes in these state and commercial interests due to new technology, and shifting power asymmetries in the international political economy. This approach is referred to as ‘embedded nationalism’.

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Livres sur le sujet "International trade – United States"

United States International Trade Commission., dir. United States International Trade Commission. [Washington, DC] (500 E St., SW, Washington 20436) : U.S. International Trade Commission, 1988.

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United States International Trade Commission., dir. United States International Trade Commission. [Washington, DC] (500 E St., SW, Washington 20436) : U.S. International Trade Commission, 1988.

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United States International Trade Commission., dir. United States International Trade Commission. [Washington, DC] : U.S. International Trade Commission, 1988.

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United States International Trade Commission. Washington, DC] (500 E St., SW, Washington 20436) : U.S. International Trade Commission, 1988.

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Clubb, Bruce E. United States foreign trade law. Boston : Little, Brown, 1991.

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Clubb, Bruce E. United States foreign trade law. Boston : Little, Brown, 1991.

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Miller, E. Willard. United States trade--trade restrictions : A bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA : Vance Bibliographies, 1991.

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Office, General Accounting. International trade issues. Washington, D.C : The Office, 1992.

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Office, General Accounting. International trade issues. Washington, D.C : The Office, 1988.

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Office, General Accounting. International trade issues. Washington, D.C : U.S. General Accounting Office, 1988.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "International trade – United States"

Novak, James L., Larry D. Sanders et Amy D. Hagerman. « International Trade ». Dans Agricultural Policy in the United States, 156–72. 2^e éd. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003229780-10.

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Panagariya, Arvind. « APEC and the United States of America ». Dans International Trade Policy and the Pacific Rim, 302–18. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14543-0_14.

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Fischer-Daly, Matthew M. « Dignity as Catalyst : Reorganizing Work in Strawberry Production in Washington, United States ». Dans International Trade, Labor Relations, and Bargaining Power, 34–64. New York : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003329916-2.

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Lee, Hyunok, et Daniel A. Sumner. « International Trade Patterns and Policy for Ethanol in the United States ». Dans Handbook of Bioenergy Economics and Policy, 327–45. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0369-3_19.

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Montoya, Miguel A., Daniel Lemus et Evodio Kaltenecker. « The Complex Trade Relations between China, Mexico, and the United States : A Geopolitical Approach ». Dans Contributions to International Relations, 115–30. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98664-3_8.

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Accaoui Lorfing, Pascale. « Screening of Foreign Direct Investment and the States’ Security Interests in Light of the OECD, UNCTAD and Other International Guidelines ». Dans Public Actors in International Investment Law, 179–99. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_10.

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AbstractThis chapter analyses the concept of the “national security interest”, which is widely recognised as allowing a state to determine which areas of its economy are restricted or prohibited to foreign investors. This chapter seeks to identify what constitutes a threat for a state and how that threat is managed both domestically and internationally. Despite the recognition of a state’s right to take measures it considers essential to its security, there are limits. The rules established by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and other international instruments are non-binding but can serve as a guide for states in determining the limits of the national security approach. International investment agreements can restrict the right of states to take security-related measures. Finally, customary international law, in light of the good faith obligation, can serve as a basis for assessing measures taken by a state and pave the way for a better balance between the rights of a state and those of foreign investors.

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Liu, Botao, Ruoqi Pi, Yixue Ye et Yaqi Zhang. « Compare Stock Returns in China and the United States ». Dans Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Economics, Smart Finance and Contemporary Trade (ESFCT 2022), 878–92. Dordrecht : Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-052-7_100.

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Clegg, Jeremy, Nicolas Forsans et Kevin T. Reilly. « Evolution of FDI in the United States in the Context of Trade Liberalization and Regionalization ». Dans The Challenge of International Business, 189–97. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508644_10.

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Plerhoples, Alicia E. « Social Enterprises and Benefit Corporations in the United States ». Dans The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 903–19. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_43.

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AbstractThe United States is the birthplace of benefit corporations precisely because of American society’s over-reliance on the private sector to solve societal problems. U.S. federal and state regulation continuously fails to provide robust social safety nets or prevent ecological disasters. American society looks to companies to do such work. U.S. social enterprise entities attempt to upend the U.S. legal framework which binds fiduciaries to focus on shareholder value. These entities are permitted, and sometimes required, to consider environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) impacts of their operations, essentially internalizing ESG costs that would otherwise be paid by American communities and the environment. This chapter traces social enterprise development under U.S. law, starting with a brief discussion of corporate law as a creature of state law. It then provides an overview of the two major types of social enterprise entities in the United States: (1) the Delaware Public Benefit Corporation, and (2) the California Social Purpose Corporation. The chapter briefly discusses other types of U.S. social enterprise entities, including hybrid ventures, worker cooperatives, and the low-profit liability company. The chapter concludes with a discussion of responses to companies’ ESG efforts by legal scholars, asset managers, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These responses and the uptake of publicly traded public benefit corporations indicate a seismic shift forward in the use of ESG frameworks in the United States.

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Hufbauer, Gary Clyde, et Jared C. Woollacott. « Trade Disputes Between China and the United States : Growing Pains so Far, Worse Ahead ? » Dans European Yearbook of International Economic Law (EYIEL), Vol. 3 (2012), 31–88. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23309-8_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "International trade – United States"

Wu, Lu. « Chinese Higher Education Reformation with the Sino-United States Trade War ». Dans Proceedings of the 2019 3rd International Conference on Education, Culture and Social Development (ICECSD 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icecsd-19.2019.56.

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Zhi, Li. « Function of the United States Federal Government in Hydroelectric Development and its Inspiration for China ». Dans 2014 International Conference on Economic Management and Trade Cooperation (EMTC 2014). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emtc-14.2014.37.

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Deng, Jiaheng. « Experience and Prospect of Trade War Between China and the United States ». Dans 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.188.

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Jin, Luo, et He Hongwei. « Trade Dispute on Rare Earths Export from China to the United States ». Dans Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-18.2018.70.

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Deynekli, Adnan. « Field of Application of United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01265.

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United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) entered into force on the 1st August 2011 in Turkey. CISG is accepted with the purpose of development and encouragement of international trade and application of uniform rules for resolution of disputes arising from the contracts for the international sale of goods. CISG applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different states when the states are contracting states; or when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of CISG. In order to apply CISG, there has to be a contract about international sale of goods and the parties shall be from different contracting states or the rules of private international law shall lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. The parties may totally or partially exclude the application of this CISG. CISG does not apply in terms of third party rights and the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage.

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Su, Muqing. « The Relationship between Exchange Rate and Trade Balance between United States and Japan ». Dans The 10th International Symposium on Project Management, China. Riverwood, NSW, Australia : Aussino Academic Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/065147-0155.

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Dollinger, Mollie. « Fair trade The relationship between study abroad Chinese students and the United States ». Dans International Academic Workshop on Social Science (IAW-SC-13). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iaw-sc.2013.51.

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Liu, Wei. « Empirical Analysis on Influencing Factors of Chinese Trade Surplus with the United States ». Dans 2017 2nd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2017). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icesame-17.2017.77.

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Dugiel, Wanda, et Magdalena Mikołajek-Gocejna. « TRADE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA IN THE NEW ERA OF TRADE WARS : MACROECONOMIC AND BEHAVIORAL APPROACH ». Dans 45th International Academic Conference, London. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.045.009.

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Rahatmawati, Istiana, et Sri Muryantini. « United States of America – China Trade War : Challenge and Opportunity for Indonesian National Resilience ». Dans International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.081.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "International trade – United States"

Krishna, Pravin, et Mine Zeynep Senses. International Trade and Labor Income Risk in the United States. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14992.

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Keller, Wolfgang, et Stephen Yeaple. Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth : Firm-Level Evidence from the United States. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, février 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9504.

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J. Richard Hess, Jacob J. Jacobson, Richard Nelson et Carl Wolf. International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 40 ? Sustainable International Energy Trade : Securing Supply and Demand -- Country Report 2009 for the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/966157.

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J. Richard Hess, Jacob J. Jacobson, Richard Nelson et Carl Wolf. International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 40 ? Sustainable International Energy Trade : Securing Supply and Demand -- Country Report 2010 for the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035904.

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Hess, J. Richard, Patrick Lamers, Mohammad S. Roni, Jacob J. Jacobson et Brendi Heath. IEA Bioenergy Task 40 Sustainable International Bioenergy Trade : Securing Supply and Demand (Country Report 2014—United States). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178066.

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Taylor, Alan, et Janine L. Wilson. International Trade and Finance under the Two Hegemons : Complementaries in the United Kingdom 1870-1913 and the United States 1920-30. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, septembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12543.

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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi et Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry : A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.

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Quak, Evert-jan. The Trend Of “De-Risking” In International Finance and Its Impact on Small Island Developing States. Institute of Development Studies, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.079.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the challenges small island development states (SIDS) face when they lose correspondent banking relationships (CBRs). The rapid review concludes that, although the loss of CBRs is a global phenomenon, regions with SIDS, such as the Pacific and Caribbean, have seen the highest rates of withdrawals. During the last decade, local and regional banks in SIDS have lost and continue to lose bank accounts at large global banks to a critical level, sometimes having only one or none CBRs with banks in major economies, such as the Unites States, the United Kingdom, the European Union or Australia. This means that local banks have reduced access to financial services related to cross-border financial transactions, impacting on remittances and trade finance.

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Alviarez, Vanessa, Brian Cevallos Fujiy et Tomasz Święcki. Cross-Border Intra-Firm Trade and the Propagation of Idiosyncratic Shocks : A New Dataset. Inter-American Development Bank, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004327.

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We study how disruptions in international production networks propagate across countries. We use comprehensive data on natural disasters around the globe over the last two decades from the EM-DAT and SHELDUS database to identify exogenous shocks to sourcing foreign inputs. We then trace out the effect of these shocks on activity of multinationals located in the United States. and their network of foreign affiliates using U.S. Bill of Lading microdata and data on domestic and international ownership linkages from Orbis. Our findings indicate that major natural disasters can have an economically significant negative impact even far from the directly affected areas. Furthermore, the strength of the propagation depends on whether the shocks led to disruptions in intra-firm or arms-length trade. This technical note provides detailed information on the construction of the novel dataset used in Alviarez et al. (2021).

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Herbert, George. Global Developments in Trade-Based Money Laundering. Institute of Development Studies, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.165.

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This rapid research review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the scale and dynamics of trade-based money laundering (TBML) and key challenges and opportunities in relation to TBML, both globally and in relation to the United Kingdom (UK) specifically. The study took place over ten days in August and September 2022, and involved a review of existing literature, as well as two interviews with experts. Much of the literature reviewed originated from international organisations and publications by national governments, supplemented by news reports and publications by private sector firms. Academic papers were also reviewed, though the availability of relevant, recent, peer-reviewed papers was limited.

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