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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « International trade – Social aspects »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "International trade – Social aspects"

Kerremans, Bart. « The Social Dimension of European Union Trade Policies ». European Foreign Affairs Review 14, Issue 5 (1 décembre 2009) : 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2009045.

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The European Union (EU) is widely considered as a formidable trade power. It represents about one fourth of worldwide trade flows and generally speaks with one voice in its common commercial policies. In addition, policy-makers and scholars often regard the Union as a distinctive, ‘normative power’ in the world. From this perspective, Europe tries to be at the forefront of promoting values such as human rights, democracy, sustainable development, and social justice, this with a clear preference for supporting international dialogue and cooperation in these areas, rather than for using trade sanctions. This special issue combines both aspects of the EU’s international role. More specifically, it concerns the social dimension of the EU’s trade policies. It raises the questions of how, why, and with what impact the EU has promoted social objectives through its common commercial policies. These three questions will be addressed in this introduction, followed by a brief summary of the way in which the different contributions of this special issue deal with them.

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Wu, Zhenjun. « Problems and Countermeasures of International Trade Financing of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in China ». Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, n^o 4 (27 août 2021) : 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i4.2408.

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Small and medium-sized enterprises are the foundation of China’s national economy, and they are important forces to promote economic and social development. They play an irreplaceable role in promoting scientific and technological progress, increasing social employment, expanding foreign trade, and other aspects in which they have become an important part of China’s socialist market economy. Based on the research background of international trade financing, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the international trade financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China to put forward countermeasures and suggestions, hoping to help these small and medium-sized enterprises solve the financing problem so as to achieve a healthy development in the international trade market environment.

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Kos, Agnieszka, et Bogna Gudowska. « LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ». International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 6, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2019) : 459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7429.

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The article concerns one of the most popular phenomena in the business currently, which is corporate social responsibility (Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR). Its authors discuss the legal dimension of CSR and the attempts to define it in European documents and international standards. The analysis focuses on the SA 8000, ISO 26000 and AA 1000 standards. The article also discusses the economic dimension of CSR as a part of the company's strategy, especially in the face of growing trends related to sustainable economic development, growing consumer awareness and the need to address the socio-ethical issues of production or trade. It is also proposed to divide the economic aspects of CSR by their tangibility or intangibility. The impact of CSR on the financial results of enterprises is also discussed.

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Sidorov, V. N., et E. V. Sidorova. « UNITED NATIONS ACTION IN THE FIELD OF TRADE FACILITATION ». Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), n^o 12 (14 mars 2021) : 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.76.12.095-110.

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Trade is defined as one of the key enabler of implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. Trade facilitation is important trend of trade in sustainable development, as expected will promote of growth acceleration and international trade and also will enhance economic, ecological and social aspects of sustainable development. In article is offered to consider the main activities of the United Nations in the trade facilitation. In the article it is offered to consider the main activities of the UN in the sphere simplification of procedures of trade The article considers the work of the United Nations in the of trade facilitation field, in particular the work of the United Nations, sustainable development, trade facilitation, International law, United Nations Commission on International Trade law, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific.

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Loos, Gregory P. « Trade Policy and Public Goods ». NEW SOLUTIONS : A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 13, n^o 1 (mai 2003) : 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2qum-5nv3-8du1-fr0q.

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The World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in 1994 as the first multilateral trade organization with enforcement authority over national governments. A country's domestic standards cannot be more restrictive than international standards for trade. WTO seeks to “harmonize” individual domestic policies into uniform global standards and encompasses trade-related aspects of health, public safety, and environmental protection. These issues are transnational and pose enormous challenges to traditional governance structures. Most governments are not equipped to manage problems that transcend their borders. Moreover, international governance in social issues—with the possible exception of public health—is still in its infancy. Many groups are concerned that local public interests will be subjugated to global corporate interests. The article looks at the social ramifications of world trade policy and concludes that world trade must be balanced with sustainable environments and human health.

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Muchtar, Muchtar. « IMPACT OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS ON INDONESIA ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES ». Business and Entrepreneurial Review 15, n^o 1 (30 août 2017) : 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ber.v15i1.2081.

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<p>Indonesia participates in various free trade agreements with its main trading partners and it raises a research problem namely whether the participation would create benefits for Indonesia economic performances. Then, the research problem generates research questions that are what are the impacts of free trade agreements several aspects particularly for economic, social, and environment.<br />Main objectives of this research will focus to assess the impacts of free trade agreements on: (i) economic aspects such as economic growth, export and import performances, balance of trade, terms of trade, investment, inflation, government expenditure and consumption, and sector output; (ii) social aspect such as labor market, wages, income gap between skilled and unskilled labor, social welfare; and (iii) environment aspect.<br />Method of the research employs an economic model of computable general equilibrium on international trade, namely Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP Model 8 version). There are two policy simulations of tariff reduction namely; (i) Simulation I, tariff of agriculture products reduced by 65% and tariff of non-agriculture products reduced by 85%; (ii) Simulation II, tariff of agriculture products reduced by 80% and tariff of non-agriculture products reduced by 100% The research found that in general, impact of free trade agreement benefit for Indonesia economic performances, it indicated by economic variables that contribute positively to the economic performances are greater than economic variables that contribute negatively to the economic performances. The positive economic variables are economic growth, export performance, terms of trade, balance of trade, investment, government expenditure and consumption, wages, social welfare. While the negative economic variables are import performance, inflation, sector output, labor market, income gap of skilled and unskilled labors, emission proliferation.Research limitations related to the secondary data sources that depend on data published by international and national institutions as well as the data that already embodied in the GTAP Model. Policy implication to the government policy namely: (i) to undertake economic and trade reform to improve competitiveness; (ii) to undertake deeply comprehensive study before participation in the FTA; (iii) to give assistances for loser business particularly for small and medium enterprises; (iv) to socialize actively about the FTA to related business community.</p>

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Beker, Emilija. « Economic aspects of globalization ». Privredna izgradnja 48, n^o 3-4 (2005) : 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/priz0504135b.

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Economic aspects of globalization are related to the increasing economic integration and interdependence on a global level through the processes of overall trade and financial liberalization and deregulation, minimization the role of the state, domination of market principles and mechanisms, and appearance of new actors on international economic scene. Ideological background of the new globalization wave is neoliberalism or market fundamentalism that is institutionalized in the form of trilateralism in international economic relations. Trilateralism includes concentrating the power of governing and regulation of international relations on three regional blocks in the world economy (SAD, Western Europe and Asia) and three international economic institutions (IMF, WTO and WB) that regulate specific area of international economic relations. Although globalization represents huge potential for creation of enormous economic prosperity these benefits aren't evenly distributed, so there exists an increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor that deepens the discontents of the globalization process. Considering that the only alternative is autarky and isolation of economy, globalization cannot be an option, but a reality that must be accepted, however, not at the cost of annulling national interests and sovereignty, degrading economic positions and initiating enormous social tensions.

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Spalevic, Zaklina, Zeljko Bjelajac et Dusko Dimitrijevic. « Arms trade as a global international problem ». Medjunarodni problemi 65, n^o 2 (2013) : 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1302139s.

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The aim of this paper is to highlight the great social danger resulting from uncontrolled trade in arms and military equipment. A large number of terrorist attacks in the world show that uncontrolled arms trade is a growing problem for international security. In order to provide the same protection, the problem of uncontrolled arms and military equipment, which is the major international business, should be viewed from several aspects. To this end, after defining weapons, their production and trade, the authors have presented one of the ways the leading companies in the military-industrial complex provide themselves a market for sale of arms and military equipment, thus creating the conditions that contribute to expanding of their military companies. As the world?s largest exporters of arms and military equipment the United States, Russia and China give a short historical account of their arms trafficking. Then, considering the fact that the amount of weapons would unlikely diminish, the authors have pointed out that states should find a way to control the movement of weapons in the world preventing terrorist to take hold of them.

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Waleson, Joshua. « Corporate Social Responsibility in EU Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements : Towards Sustainable Trade and Investment ». Legal Issues of Economic Integration 42, Issue 2 (1 mai 2015) : 143–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2015009.

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This article explores how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) could effectively be integrated into the trade and investment chapters of post-Lisbon comprehensive EU Free Trade Agreement (FTAs) and to which extent the various options could impose obligations on Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). It argues that promoting CSR in the trade aspects of a comprehensive FTA can, at most, indirectly impose obligations on MNEs due to the lack of vertical effect. Therefore, the likely evolution would be to include investor obligations that reflect CSR objectives in the investment chapters of comprehensive EU FTAs where there is vertical effect. By analysing the draft text of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) within the context of international developments as regards incorporating non-trade objectives in regional and bilateral FTAs and IIAs, this article aims to illustrate the Commission's approach towards introducing CSR in future comprehensive EU FTAs.

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Bidabad, Bijan. « A convention for international trade (based on Islamic Sufi teachings) ». International Journal of Law and Management 57, n^o 5 (14 septembre 2015) : 522–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-06-2013-0025.

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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a procedure to remove international trade barriers globally. Trade is confronting various barriers in the present world, and this is due to the policies of governments to protect interests of their own citizens. Experience shows that trade barriers end up with incurring losses for both sides (traders) in practice, but a look at history of polemics on trade barriers removal in World Trade Organization (WTO) shows that countries are unable to overcome the obstacles they have created. Trade partners understand that removal of counter barriers is advantageous for both parties. In the meantime, being concerned of other party’s response impedes the benefits of free trade for all parties. Design/methodology/approach – This proposition is based upon Islamic Sufism teachings. The propounded principles and goals are in accordance with high understanding of social and economic subtleties of humankind’s life. The authors try to form and formalize Islamic Sufi teachings to establish a base for compiling new international convention that facilitates international trade in all aspects. Findings – To facilitate and promote international trade relations in short run, interested countries may accept a convention to remove all trade barriers among themselves all at once. Research limitations/implications – The proposed convention does not go against General Agreement on Tariff and Trade and WTO, but it is complementary to both. Practical implications – The proposed principles are actually shortcuts to what WTO may access in far futures. Social implications – Islamic Sufism teachings can lead us to solve current international problems. Originality/value – WTO has taken important steps to facilitate international trade. To reach the main goal of trade liberalization of WTO, a shortcut solution is proposed here.

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Thèses sur le sujet "International trade – Social aspects"

Dulude, François. « Le libre-échange Canada-Etats-Unis : l'importance du contexte international et la complexité du support social ». Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23211.

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Many analyses from the New Political Economy (NPE) perceive the Free Trade Agreement (FTA), either from the narrow angle of Canada-United States relationship, or as the result of pressures from dominant monolithic social forces. The present thesis offers a different angle of analysis by demonstrating the importance of the international context in shaping changes in domestic politics such as those relating to the FTA. The thesis also puts emphasis on the complexity of social support and political bargaining that resulted in the adoption of the FTA.
Building of Peter Gourevitch's framework, which evaluates the impact of international crises on domestic politics, the thesis focuses on five possible factors that could explain the free trade outcome. Firstly, constraints and opportunities arising from the international system are assessed to evaluate if the government might have adopted the FTA to protect the "raison d'Etat": it rather appears that it is through the mediation of social actors that the post 1970 international crisis was felt. Secondly, a sectorial analysis finds that two coalitions, each one with two sets of preferences, were opposed on the FTA issue. Thirdly, the role of intermediate associations (business groups, unions and farmers associations) is assessed to see if their impact went beyond the sectorial interest they defended. Fourthly, the influence of economic ideologies is analyzed. Fifthly, the state structure is taken into account to show essentially that the Mulroney government had a double and complementary agenda with the FTA and the Meech Lake negotiations, both of which had a degree of independence from domestic economic and social pressures. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Casanova-Jimenez, Richard P. « Trade and investment disputes : whose business is it anyway ? » Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78207.

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This thesis is a discussion on whether every sector of human activity really is or needs to be 'global'. It discusses the impact that economic globalization has on the role of the nation-state and on the concept of democracy, at both local and international levels. Particular emphasis is put on some of the democratic challenges associated with dispute settlement at the WTO and also under foreign investment international instruments. It is argued that increased participation by non-state actors, particularly NGOs, in state-to-state and in investor-state arbitration threatens to weaken the arbitration process and does little to remedy alleged democratic deficiencies. The author concludes that many democratic concerns regarding these types of dispute settlement processes may be better addressed by strengthening national democracies. Increased public information, consultation, and participation in the shaping of foreign policy could reduce much of the criticism concerning both, international dispute settlement and decision-making.

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Mash, Richard. « The consequences of international trade price volatility for national income and welfare : theory and evidence ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:24f115c7-bb18-4018-afbb-bc9322dde275.

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The thesis considers the effect of world trade or commodity price volatility on small open economies. It extends the existing literature by including non-tradeable goods and many volatile prices in the model together with consideration of the welfare effects of participation in international risk or capital markets. In addition the thesis systematically addresses the implications of price volatility for resource allocation and presents empirical estimates of the costs and benefits of volatility for a large sample of countries. The most important theme in the analysis is the extent of output flexibility in the face of variable prices. It is shown that price volatility gives rise to high returns to flexibility which suggests that commodity exporting countries should regard price volatility as an opportunity to benefit by being flexible as well as a source of welfare costs. The empirical estimates show that many developing countries have had an inflexible response to changes in world prices over the period 1958-90. Flexibility may improve with the abolition of producer price stabilisation in many countries in the 1980s, a policy reform that is predicted to yield large benefits. These will increase if attempts are also made to improve the functioning of domestic risk and capital markets together with enhanced access to their international equivalents.

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Chen, Yu. « Essays on Intergenerational and Regional Aspects of Water Management ». FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1525.

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This dissertation consists of three essays on different aspects of water management. The first essay focuses on the sustainability of freshwater use by introducing the notion that altruistic parents do bequeath economic assets for their offspring. Constructing a two-period, over-lapping generational model, an optimal ratio of consumption and pollution for old and young generations in each period is determined. Optimal levels of water consumption and pollution change according to different parameters, such as, altruistic degree, natural recharge rate, and population growth. The second essay concerns water sharing between countries in the case of trans-boundary river basins. The paper recognizes that side payments fail to forge water-sharing agreement among the international community and that downstream countries have weak bargaining power. An interconnected game approach is developed by linking the water allocation issue with other non-water issues such as trade or border security problems, creating symmetry between countries in bargaining power. An interconnected game forces two countries to at least partially cooperate under some circumstances. The third essay introduces the concept of virtual water (VW) into a traditional international trade model in order to estimate water savings for a water scarce country. A two country, two products and two factors trade model is developed, which includes not only consumers and producer’s surplus, but also environmental externality of water use. The model shows that VW trade saves water and increases global and local welfare. This study should help policy makers to design appropriate subsidy or tax policy to promote water savings especially in water scarce countries.

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Deva, Surya. « Violation of human rights by multinational corporations : an integrated theory of regulation ». Phd thesis, Faculty of Law, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11721.

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KARATAS, MAZLUM. « Cultural Aspects of International Trade ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11566/305339.

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Questa tesi esamina come la prossimità culturale e le istituzioni culturali influenzano il commercio internazionale. Più in particolare, l'effetto della somiglianza religiosa sull'estensivo margine del commercio internazionale viene esaminato utilizzando l'eterogeneità del prodotto. Mentre un'istituzione culturale, l'Islamic banking, viene studiata in un sistema bancario duale per valutarne l'impatto sulla probabilità di esportazione sfruttando l'eterogeneità nei paesi di destinazione. Facendo riferimento all'eterogeneità in termini di quota della popolazione musulmana nella popolazione complessiva dei paesi di destinazione. Nel primo studio empirico di questa tesi, entrata di prodotto nel mercato che si riferisce all'estensivo margine del commercio internazionale è costruita a livello di prodotto a 4 cifre utilizzando i dati del flusso di esportazione della classificazione del sistema armonizzato (HS) - 2002 da World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) per l'anno compreso tra il 2002 e il 2016. Il campione è composto da 75 paesi che sono sia esportatori che importatori. I risultati indicano che la somiglianza religiosa che varia nel tempo influenza positivamente l'ingresso del prodotto . L'effetto della somiglianza religiosa cresce come l'intensità del prodotto della relazione-specificità aumenta. Dove è stato l'indice di specificità della relazione costruito à la Nunn (2007) . Mentre, nel secondo studio empirico, utilizzando un set di dati a livello di città per il periodo dal 2007 al 2020, l'impatto della quota di credito delle banche islamiche e della quota della popolazione musulmana nel paese di destinazione sulla probabilità di esportazione delle città turche è stato indagato. I risultati hanno dimostrato che, nonostante la loro piccola quota di credito, le banche islamiche sembrano aumentare le probabilità di esportazione delle province turche poiché la quota della popolazione musulmana aumenta nel mercato di destinazione. Inoltre, l'effetto della quota di credito delle banche islamiche risulta essere positivamente correlato alla probabilità di esportazione indipendentemente dai mercati di destinazione quando una città è sviluppata dal punto di vista socioeconomico. Considerando che se una città è socio-economicamente sottosviluppata, l'effetto positivo del credito azionario delle banche islamiche dipende fortemente da un'alta percentuale di musulmani nel paese di destinazione.
This dissertation looks into how cultural proximity and cultural institutions influence international trade. More specifically, the effect of religious similarity on the extensive margin of international trade is examined using product heterogeneity. While a cultural institution, Islamic banking, is studied in a dual banking system to evaluate its impact on export probability by exploiting the heterogeneity in destination countries. Referring to the heterogeneity in terms of the Muslim population share in the overall population of the destination countries. In the first empirical study of this dissertation, product entry which refers to the extensive margin of international trade is constructed at the 4-digit product level by using Harmonized System (HS)-2002 classification export flow data from World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) for the year between 2002 and 2016. The sample is composed of 75 countries that are both exporters and importers. The results indicate that time-varying religious similarity influences positively product entry. As the intensity of relationship-specificity for products increases, the effect of religious-similarity rises. Where relationship-specificity index has been constructed à la Nunn (2007). While, in the second empirical study, employing a city-level dataset for the period 2007 to 2020, the impacts of both Islamic banks' credit share and the share of the Muslim population in the destination country on the export probability of Turkish cities have been investigated. The findings have proven that despite their tiny share of credit, Islamic banks appear to boost Turkish provinces' export probability as the share of the Muslim population increases in the destination market. Moreover, the effect of credit share of Islamic banks is found to be positively related to export probability regardless of destination markets when a city is socio-economically developed. Whereas if a city is socio-economically underdeveloped, the positive effect of share credit of Islamic banks heavily relies on a high percentage of Muslims in the destination country.

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Bruneau, Joel Francis. « Essays in environmental regulation and international trade ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56512.pdf.

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Nguyen, Minh Ha. « Endogenous growth, international trade and the environment ». Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37948.

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We develop a dynamic model that explicitly considers the trans-boundary pollution problem between two asymmetric countries. We found that the countries will enjoy higher long run growth rates and a higher environmental quality when they coordinate their environmental policies. Furthermore, the two countries suffer more heavily not cooperating with each other when their attitudes towards a cleaner environment differ greatly. The implication is that despite the inherent differences in their development level and in their environmental attitudes, developed and developing countries are strongly encouraged to cooperate environmentally. In the second part of the thesis, we turn the focus to the role of international trade in relation to economic growth and the environment. We found that the long run growth rates of the countries are lower when they engage in international trade, no matter whether the environmental externality is internalised or not. The impact of trade on welfare however is ambiguous.
Thesis (M.Ec.)--School of Economics, 2004.

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Musungu, Sisule Fredrick. « The right to health in the global economy : reading human rights obligations into the patent regime of the WTO-TRIPS Agreement ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/931.

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"The implementation of the TRIPS Agreement, within the wider context of globalisation, has brought about a conflict between the obligation of states to promote and protect health and the achievement of economic goals pursued under the WTO regime. Since trade is the driving engine of globalisation, it is imperative that, at the very least, rules governing it do not violate human rights but rather promote them. The problem of IP and the right to health therefore lies in ensuring that the integration of economic rules and institutional operations in relation to IPRs coincide with states’ obligations to promote and protect public health. ... This study centres on the specific debate about health and IPRs in the context of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the WTO rules on IP protection. In terms of a human rights approach to the TRIPS Agreement, the ICESCR has been chosen for several reasons. First, the ICESCR specifically recognises both the right to health and the right to the protection of inventions in clearer terms than any other human rights instrument. Secondly, at least 111 of the state parties to the ICESCR are also members of the WTO including a large number of developing countries. Thirdly, if one sees the ICESCR as a vehicle for the fulfilment of the obligation to promote and protect human rights under the United Nations Organisation’s (UN) Charter, it can be argued that in line with article 103, the implementation and interpretation of TRIPS by all UN members states must take into account basic human rights. However, even with primary focus being on the ICESCR, most of the discussion on practical issues will focus on the experiences in Sub-Saharan Africa because the inequalities and problems of access to health care are most dramatically played out in this part of the world. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the obligation of states to progressively realise and guarantee the right to health, and the IP rules under the TRIPS Agreement. The specific objective is to examine the relationship between the exceptions under the TRIPS Agreement and the obligation to protect health and the identification of a consistent way of achieving a convergence between the implementation and interpretation of the rules of the two regimes in the area of health." -- Chapter 1
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2001.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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Mouzakis-Neolis, Fotis. « Empirical and theoretical aspects of the international arms trade ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2148/.

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Livres sur le sujet "International trade – Social aspects"

Borges, Daniel Damásio. L'État social face au commerce international. Paris : Harmattan, 2013.

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Thomas, Cottier, Pauwelyn Joost et Bürgi Bonanomi Elisabeth, dir. Human rights and international trade. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2005.

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1961-, Taylor Annie, et Thomas Caroline 1959-, dir. Global trade and global social issues. London : Routledge, 1999.

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S, Teitelbaum Michael, dir. International migration and international trade. Washington, D.C : World Bank, 1992.

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Health tourism : Social welfare through international trade. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar, 2010.

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Dine, Janet. Companies, international trade and human rights. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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Power, trade, and war. Princeton, N.J : Princeton University Press, 1994.

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Rodrik, Dani. Trade, social insurance, and the limits to globalization. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Prigoff, Arline Wyner. Economics for social workers : Social outcomes of economic globalization, with strategies for community action. Australia : Brooks/Cole, 2000.

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Trade unions and global governance : The quest of trade unions for a social clause. New York : Continuum, 2002.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "International trade – Social aspects"

Mossig, Ivo, et Michael Lischka. « Globalisation, Economic Interdependencies and Economic Crises ». Dans International Impacts on Social Policy, 289–304. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_23.

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AbstractSince the early 1990s, globalisation has become a core subject of social science research. By analysing long-term data on trade, economic growth and foreign direct investments (FDI), we identify three different waves of economic globalisation separated by episodes of deep economic crises like the Great Depression. We discuss the causes and specific manifestations of economic globalisation and economic crises in each phase and briefly outline their impact on the dynamics of social policy. This introduction to Part III “Globalization, Economic Interdependencies and Economic Crises” thus represents the background for the following eight chapters examining key aspects of the effects of global economic developments on the introduction and design of social policies.

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Condliffe, J. B. « New Aspects of International Organization ». Dans The Reconstruction of World Trade, 328–54. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003355342-10.

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Buckley, Peter J., et Robert D. Pearce. « United Kingdom Visible Trade ». Dans International Aspects of UK Economic Activities, 36–48. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6952-3_3.

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Buckley, Peter J., et Robert D. Pearce. « United Kingdom Invisible Trade ». Dans International Aspects of UK Economic Activities, 49–67. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6952-3_4.

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Hamilton, Carl, et G. V. Reed. « Economic Aspects of Voluntary Export Restraints ». Dans Current Issues in International Trade, 100–123. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24563-5_6.

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Ohyama, Michihiro. « Innovations and International Trade ». Dans Macroeconomics, Trade, and Social Welfare, 129–43. Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55807-1_7.

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Joshua, John. « International Trade Relations ». Dans China's Economic Growth : Towards Sustainable Economic Development and Social Justice, 99–130. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59403-7_5.

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Guan, Wenwei. « International social contract on trade ». Dans WTO Jurisprudence, 1–29. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series : Routledge research in international law : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367855666-1.

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Addo, Kofi. « Unilateral Social Clauses ». Dans Core Labour Standards and International Trade, 147–74. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44619-5_5.

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Mezei, Péter. « Copyright aspects of the European Union's free trade agreements ». Dans Global Values and International Trade Law, 141–60. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003080398-11.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "International trade – Social aspects"

Li, Yan, Yi Sui et Qing-bo Huang. « Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and China's Technology Strategy ». Dans 3d International Conference on Applied Social Science Research (ICASSR 2015). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassr-15.2016.4.

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Zych, A. « Financial resources of innovative activity in small and medium-sized enterprises ». Dans International Conference on Marketing Management, Trade, Financial and Social Aspects of Business (MTS 2017),. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 : CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315163963-105.

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« Author index ». Dans International Conference on Marketing Management, Trade, Financial and Social Aspects of Business (MTS 2017),. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 : CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315163963-106.

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Tepecik, Filiz. « Economic and Legal Aspects of Trafficking in Human Beings ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00780.

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In the next decade, trafficking in human beings is expected to be the largest part of the illegal markets such as drug and arms trafficking. Trafficking in human beings can be done in many different purposes which includes the sexual exploitation, the practices similar to slavery or servitude. The problem is becoming visible both for the Eurasian countries and for Turkey. Despite being an inhuman trade, all parties of the trafficking in human beings are rational economic agents and they are acting according to the rules of supply and demand. Therefore in this paper, this economic structure that nourish the illegal market is primarily be discussed. It is focused on the push and pull factors to this market members and this is tried to shown in a quantitative dimension of the market. Secondly, in order to combat trafficking in human beings, legal and social measures are being taken. These regulations generally aim to find and punish perpetrators, and /or protect victims of trafficking. But these regulations always cause a change of the benefits and the costs of the parties involved in trafficking in human beings. Thus the economic perspective are convenient to analyze these results. Finally, with this paper it is aimed to produce a common ground for people who want to work in this academic field.

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Zolotukhin, Aleksey, et Dilshod Sidikov. « Transformation of the norms of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in the Republic of Tajikistan ». Dans Proceedings of the International Conference "Topical Problems of Philology and Didactics : Interdisciplinary Approach in Humanities and Social Sciences" (TPHD 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/tphd-18.2019.91.

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Xuan, Ke. « China's Service Trade and Service Industry Growth - An Empirical Analysis from the Aspect of Factor Intensity ». Dans 2016 International Conference on Modern Management, Education Technology, and Social Science (MMETSS 2016). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmetss-16.2017.56.

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Pribyl, Barbara, Satinder Purewal et Harikrishnan Tulsidas. « Development of the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines PRSG – A Petroleum Classification System for the Energy Transition ». Dans SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205847-ms.

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Abstract The Petroleum Working Group (PWG) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has developed the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines (PRSG) to facilitate the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) for evaluating and classifying petroleum projects. The UNFC was developed by the Expert Group on Resource Management (EGRM) and covers all resource sectors such as minerals, petroleum, renewable energy, nuclear resources, injection projects, anthropogenic resources and groundwater. It has a unique three- dimensional structure to describe environmental, social and economic viability (E-axis), technical feasibility and maturity (F-axis) and degree of confidence in the resource estimates (G-axis). The UNFC is fully aligned to holistic and sustainable resource management called for by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). UNFC can be used by governments for integrated energy planning, companies for developing business models and the investors in decision making. Internationally, all classification systems and their application continue to evolve to incorporate the latest technical understanding and usage and societal, government and regulatory expectations. The PRSG incorporates key elements from current global petroleum classification systems. Furthermore, it provides a forward-thinking approach to including aspects of integrity and ethics. It expands on the unique differentiator of the UNFC to integrate social and environmental issues in the project evaluation. Several case studies have been carried out (in China, Kuwait, Mexico, Russia, and Uganda) using UNFC. Specifically, PRSG assists in identifying critical social and environmental issues to support their resolution and development sustainably. These issues may be unique to the country, location and projects and mapped using a risk matrix. This may support the development of a road map to resolve potential impediments to project sanction. The release of the PRSG comes at a time of global economic volatility on a national and international level due to the ongoing impact and management of COVID-19, petroleum supply and demand uncertainty and competing national and international interests. Sustainable energy is not only required for industries but for all other social development. It is essential for private sector development, productive capacity building and expansion of trade. It has strong linkages to climate action, health, education, water, food security and woman empowerment. Moreover, enduring complex system considerations in balancing the energy trilemma of reliable supply, affordability, equity, and social and environmental responsibility remain. These overarching conditions make it even more essential to ensure projects are evaluated in a competent, ethical and transparent manner. While considering all the risks, it is also critical to reinforce the positive contribution a natural resource utilization project provides to society. Such an inquiry can focus on how the project contributes to the quality of life, environment, and the economy – the people, planet, and prosperity triad. Such an approach allows consistent, robust and sustainable investment decision making and energy policy development.

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Karaköy, Çağatay, Ahmet Uzun et Ömer Selçuk Emsen. « The Changes in Foreign Debt for the Transition Economies ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00279.

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1989 and the years following 1991 were the times in which many important economic and political turnovers had taken place in the world. That was the time when Berlin Wall fall down with scattering the Eastern block and many politically and economically independent states came into being, at the same time, ongoing about 70 years socialist system also started to spin into liberal system. The constituted 27 states in 1991 were tended to liberal economic system instead of socialist economy, and these stated were called as transition economies. With the transition period, there has have been significant decreases in the level of affluence, hyperinflation and some common properties seen at the beginning. It became inevitable to get foreign debt for reorganization and configuration of these economies. Nevertheless these foreign debts caused many serious problems in some of these economies. In the present work we tried to understand the economic structure and external loans of the transition economies, which are different with respect to their natural resources and are similar to each other in term of social, political and cultural aspects. It was under debated to investigate the relationship between indicated foreign debts and indicated domestic income and external trade so foreign trade financing problematic which thought to be the source of going into debt and economical development relations are searched.

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Yamagishi, Kiichiro, Yukio Yamada, Yoshihiro Echizenya et Shoji Ishiwata. « Current Status of Ceramic Gas Turbine R&D in Japan ». Dans ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-114.

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The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) has started two nine-year national R&D projects for small-capacity ceramic gas turbines (CGTs) from 1988, following several preliminary investigations of the technical aspects and of the social impacts of CGTs. Planned 300kW industrial ceramic gas turbines are to be used for co-generation and mobile power generation. The goals are 42% and higher for the thermal efficiency at the turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C, and the emission from the exhaust gas should meet the regulatory values. Also ceramic components have the goals of 400MPa for the minimum flexure strength at 1500°C, and 15 MPam1/2 for the fracture toughness. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is the main contractor, and three groups of private industries are the subcontractors for 300kW industrial CGT project. Three national research institutes are involved in the projects to conduct supportive research of ceramic materials and engine components as well as to carry out assessment of the materials and engine systems developed by the private industries. The development of 100kW CGT for automotive use was also recommended in the above stated investigations and a two-year preliminary study started in 1988. The full-scale 100kW automotive CGT R&D project is scheduled to start in 1990 after the preliminary study. Japan Automobile Research Institute, Inc. (JARI) is the main contractor for 100kW automotive CGT project with the cooperation of three automobile companies.

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KWOK, MICHAEL, CRAIG GIBBONS, JOEY TSUI, PENG LIU, YANG WANG et GOMAN HO. « THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF THE MEGA TOWER, CHINA WORLD TRADE CENTRE PHASE 3, BEIJING CHINA ». Dans Tall Buildings from Engineering to Sustainability - Sixth International Conference on Tall Buildings, Mini Symposium on Sustainable Cities, Mini Symposium on Planning, Design and Socio-Economic Aspects of Tall Residential Living Environment. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701480_0061.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "International trade – Social aspects"

Nagaoka, Sadao. International Trade Aspects of Competition Policy. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, septembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6720.

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Bailey, Michael, Abhinav Gupta, Sebastian Hillenbrand, Theresa Kuchler, Robert Richmond et Johannes Stroebel. International Trade and Social Connectedness. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, avril 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26960.

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Vossenaar, Rene, et Veena Jha. Technology Mapping of the Renewable Energy, Buildings, and Transport Sectors : Policy Drivers and International Trade Aspects. Geneva, Switzerland : International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/nr_ip_20100604.

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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands et Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade : Which way forward ? Blavatnik School of Government, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.

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Sabates-Wheeler, Rachel, et Carolina Szyp. Key Considerations for Targeting Social Assistance in Situations of Protracted Crises. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.012.

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Targeting social assistance in situations of protracted conflict, protracted displacement, or recurrent climate shock, so that it reaches those most in need rapidly, effectively and without doing further harm, has historically been one of the most complex technical and political challenges for development and humanitarian programmes. Trade-offs involving costs beyond the economic – such as risks of exclusion and concerns over protection – raise questions about who to target, how to target and whether to target at all (i.e. through universal coverage or lotteries) would lead to better impacts in contexts where systems of state provision are often damaged or non-existent. The multiplicity of actors involved in delivering social assistance in crisis situations, with their own targeting cultures and mandates, can result in uncoordinated patchy and limited assistance, often overlooking equity concerns. Drawing on a range of literature, in this paper we examine the key considerations and dilemmas for targeting social assistance in protracted crises, including shock contexts, targeting methods, exclusion and protection risks, national and international actors’ politics, and technologies. Our purpose is to draw out lessons to better inform targeting of future social assistance programming across the humanitarian-development nexus.

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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo et Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale : Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.

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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.

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Kud, A. A. Figures and Tables. Reprinted from “Comprehensive сlassification of virtual assets”, A. A. Kud, 2021, International Journal of Education and Science, 4(1), 52–75. KRPOCH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26697/reprint.ijes.2021.1.6.a.kud.

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Figure. Distributed Ledger Token Accounting System. Figure. Subjects of Social Relations Based on the Decentralized Information Platform. Figure. Derivativeness of a Digital Asset. Figure. Semantic Features of the Concept of a “Digital Asset” in Economic and Legal Aspects. Figure. Derivativeness of Polyassets and Monoassets. Figure. Types of Tokenized Assets Derived from Property. Figure. Visual Representation of the Methods of Financial and Management Accounting of Property Using Various Types of Tokenized Assets. Figure. Visual Representation of the Classification of Virtual Assets Based on the Complexity of Their Nature. Table. Comparison of Properties of Various Types of Virtual Assets of the Distributed Ledger Derivative of the Original Asset. Table. Main Properties and Parameters of Types of Tokenized Assets. Table. Classification of Virtual Assets as Tools for Implementing the Methods of Financial and Management Accounting of Property.

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Wang, Zaisheng, Chris Blackmore et Scott Weich. Mental Health Services International Students can Access in UK Higher Education : an Evidence and Gap Map (EGM). INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0038.

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Review question / Objective: a. Question • What kind of mental health services that international students can access in UK higher education? b. Objectives • to systematically search and identify the range of mental health services that international students in UK higher education can access. • to gather and display evidence on health care and services to maintain or enhance mental health conditions of mental health services in the UK. • to collect clusters of existing evidence and gaps to inform the potential literature review design. Background: Mental health is already a significant global issue in higher education (Alonso et al., 2018; Auerbach et al., 2016a, 2016b; Mortier et al., 2018). As the WHO argued, there is no health without mental health (DH, 2011; Prince et al., 2007; WHO, 2018, 2021, 2022a). Higher education students who are far away from home, lack social support and face language and cultural differences are the vulnerable populations in terms of mental health compared with home students (Blackmore et al., 2019; Forbes-Mewett & Sawyer, 2016, 2019; Minutillo et al., 2020; Sachpasidi & Georgiadou, 2018; Sherry et al., 2010). As a critical industry, UK higher education has the second-largest group of international higher education students globally (Department for Education & Department for International Trade, 2021; QS, 2019; QS Enrolment Solutions, 2021; Universities UK, 2021a, 2021b). However, compared with home students, international students are less likely to use mental health services in UK higher education. Attention to the mental health conditions of international students in UK higher education has more possibility to be improved in this country (HESA, 2021; Orygen, 2020; Quinn, 2020).

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DeJaeghere, Joan, Vu Dao, Bich-Hang Duong et Phuong Luong. Inequalities in Learning in Vietnam : Teachers’ Beliefs About and Classroom Practices for Ethnic Minorities. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/061.

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Global and national education agendas are concerned with improving quality and equality of learning outcomes. This paper provides an analysis of the case of Vietnam, which is regarded as having high learning outcomes and less inequality in learning. But national data and international test outcomes may mask the hidden inequalities that exist between minoritized groups and majority (Kinh) students. Drawing on data from qualitative videos and interviews of secondary teachers across 10 provinces, we examine the role of teachers’ beliefs, curricular design and actions in the classroom (Gale et al., 2017). We show that teachers hold different beliefs and engage in curricular design – or the use of hegemonic curriculum and instructional practices that produce different learning outcomes for minoritized students compared to Kinh students. It suggests that policies need to focus on the social-cultural aspects of teaching in addition to the material and technical aspects.

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Oosterom, Marjoke, et James Sumberg. Are Young People in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa Caught in Waithood ? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.039.

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The idea that large numbers of young people in sub-Saharan Africa are stuck in waithood – trapped between childhood and adulthood – dominates international development policy discourse. The belief is that because there are no jobs, young people cannot attain social markers of adulthood. Waithood has proved itself to be a very attractive way to frame debates and promote youth employment interventions. But research challenges two aspects of the waithood story: that young people are inactive; and that work is the only route into adulthood. Caution and nuance are required to prevent waithood becoming another catchy term that does little to improve policy.

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