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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « International trade – Europe »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "International trade – Europe"

Hamilton, Carl B., L. Alan Winters, Gordon Hughes, and Alasdair Smith. "Opening up International Trade with Eastern Europe." Economic Policy 7, no. 14 (1992): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1344513.

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Frensch, Richard. "International Trade and Restructuring in Eastern Europe." Comparative Economic Studies 38, no. 2-3 (1996): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.1996.22.

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Kim, Bong-Chul, Ho Kim, and Eui-Chan Shin. "Possibilities and Implications of Law Changes Applied to Trade between Korea and Europe." Korea International Trade Research Institute 19, no. 1 (2023): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.1.202302.387.

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Purpose – The main purpose of this paper is to explore the national application of international law in the field of trade based on the possibilities and implications of law changes applied to trade between Korea and Europe. Design/Methodology/Approach – To analyze the possibilities and implications of law changes applied to trade between Korea and Europe, the paper focuses on the connectivity between international and national law based on literature research and legal texts. Specifically, it proposes a relationship between changes in the international community and international law on Korea

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Cieślik, Andrzej, Jan Jakub Michałek, and Jerzy Mycielski. "Social Development and International Trade in Central Europe." Equilibrium 7, no. 2 (2012): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2012.008.

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In this paper we study the impact of social development on international trade in Central and Eastern Europe using the generalized gravity model. Many previous empirical studies which explored the determinants of trade flows, concentrated only on traditional gravity variables, such as the size of trading partners, factor abundance, technology differences or distance. In our study, in addition to the standard set of gravity variables, we examine the role of aggregate social development indicators such as Human Development Index and its components. Our results show that both aggregate and disagg

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Pirtskhalava, Nana, and Aleksandr Karpov. "INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FOREST INDUSTRY." Forestry Engineering Journal 9, no. 4 (2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2019.4/18.

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Russia is the richest country with forest resources. It accounts for 22 % of the world's forest cover and half of the world's coniferous wood reserves. According to forecasts, the demand for commercial wood will increase by about 150 million cubic meters by 2030. There is only one real source – Russia's reserves. Reserves today amount to more than 83 billion cubic meters. For enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region, the main markets for woodworking products are China, the USA, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Egypt. Based on this, the study has formed a logistic export system for three transpor

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Liu, Yuze. "Trading with Adversaries: Russia-Europe Economic Relations Amid the Ukraine Conflict." European Journal of Law and Political Science 4, no. 1 (2025): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2025.4.1.160.

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Trade remains a fundamental component of a country’s economic activities, even amidst the turmoil of war. This paper examines the impact of conflict on trade, particularly focusing on the dynamics between former trading partners who become belligerents. This research applies four International Relations frameworks—Relative Gain, Third Party Consideration, Domestic Political Economy, and Types of Traded Products—to analyze the economic interactions between Russia and European countries during the Russia-Ukraine War that began in 2022. The war has not only altered the geopolitical landscape but

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Wu, Qiwen. "The Impact of the Opening of China-Europe Railway Express On the Development of Foreign Trade in Anhui Province." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 15, no. 2 (2024): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/9t5mv136.

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Since the "Belt and Road" initiative was put forward, China-Europe freight trains, as an important international transport channel for the Eurasian continent connectivity, have enhanced the level of bilateral trade facilitation and economic and trade cooperation, and had a profound impact on the development of foreign trade. Central trains is China to Europe and the "Belt and Road" international transport trains, central trains opening is the "Belt and Road" initiative China strengthen and countries along the important measures of connectivity, is an important gripper to promote the "Belt and

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GORINA, Ganna, Yuliia BOCHAROVA, Tetiana KOZHUKHOVA, Natalia IVANOVA, and Galina BOHATYRYOVA. "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN TOURISM SERVICES IN EUROPE." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 43, no. 3 (2022): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43330-924.

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European tourism suffered the greatest crisis on record in 2020-2021 following an unprecedented health, social and economic emergency with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine restrictions. Thus, the aim of the article is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on international trade in tourism services in Europe, as well as determining the development trends of international trade in tourism services in the regions of Europe and EU countries in the pre- and post-coronavirus period. To achieve the goal of the scientific research a quantitative research method, literature review m

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DEBAERE, PETER. "Small fish–big issues: the effect of trade policy on the global shrimp market." World Trade Review 9, no. 2 (2010): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474561000011x.

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AbstractIt is a well-established theoretical result that the trade policy of a large country can directly affect its own and other countries' welfares by affecting international goods' prices. However, there exist very few empirical studies that analyze the effect of trade policy on international prices. With detailed data on unit values and tariffs, I show how policy actions in Europe disrupted the global shrimp market in a non-negligible way and set the stage for the anti-dumping case in the United States. The loss of Thailand's preferential trade status in Europe and the international diffe

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Nazarii, Lypko. "The Gravity Model of Trade: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe." LeXonomica 14, no. 2 (2022): 187–212. https://doi.org/10.18690/lexonomica.14.2.187-212.2022.

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The main patterns of international trade in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have been analysed in the paper. The gravity model, estimated for a large sample of bilateral trade flows for the analysed states, has been used as a benchmark. The model has been updated according to the modern conditions in the international economy. The emphasis has been made on the analysis of products' trade since the trade of services requires separate modelling. The purpose of the paper was to find the main factors that determine gravity trends in international trade in Central and Eastern Europe

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Thèses sur le sujet "International trade – Europe"

Thanagopal, Thannaletchimy. "Estimating price and quality elasticities of international trade." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010070.

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Estimer le prix et la qualité de l'élasticité du commerce international This thesis is a compilation of three essays that estimate the ‘true’ trade price elasticity of demand while adjusting for the effect of quality in the trade models. Quality in this thesis is introduced via our own proxy for quality known as ‘knowledge’. This proxy takes into account not only direct expenditures (and hence stocks) spent on research and development but also indirect expenditures (and stocks) through positive externalities originating from innovation efforts by other countries and other industries. In add

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Attour, Suleiman I. "International advertising practices of multinational companies in Europe and the Middle-East." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312905.

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Eeckhout, Piet. "The european internal market and international trade : a legal analysis /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37491371g.

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Binti, Zakaria Noor Aini. "Trade Barriers in Forest Industry between Malaysia and Europe." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00750922.

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This study analyses the international timber trade between Malaysia and Europe with respect to the importance of environmental issues on trade and the role of Malaysia as a major timber exporter to Europe. It also evaluates the comparative advantage of Malaysian wood products and the willingness of French consumers (to represent European communities) to pay for sustainable forest management. The first part gives an overview the clashes of perception between developed and developing countries on the environmental concerns over trade. It was observed that environmental standards may act as non-t

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Horne, Cynthia Michalski. "Are NMEs our enemies? : non-market economies and western trade policies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10703.

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Ko, Man Ching. "Emerging stock markets in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2894.

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the emerging stock markets in three regions. The regions chosen as our testing targets are Europe, The Middle East, and Asia. Performance for 2002 to 2004 will be compared to the U.S. stock market.

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Fink, Gerhard. "New protectionism in Central Europe. Exchange rate adjustment, customs tariffs and non-tariff measures." Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/970/1/document.pdf.

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Many of the 10 Central European candidate member countries for EU accession entered into the transition period with strongly undervalued exchange rates to stimulate exports and protect domestic industries. However, this policy was not maintained. During 1993-1995 real currency appreciation increased competitive pressure by foreign firms. To protect domestic firms governments applied high third country tariffs, temporary import taxes, and numerous administrative barriers to trade. As countervailing pressure by the EU and the USA increased and current account deficits soared in 1996 and 1997, th

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Boodhoo, Niala. "The United States and the politics of trade: the banana war with Europe and the Caribbean." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1729.

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This thesis examines the involvement of the United States in the decade-long trade dispute before the World Trade Organization (WTO) over the European Union's preferential banana regime. Washington's justification for bringing this case to the WTO comes from Section 301 of the U.S. trade act, which allows for disputes to be undertaken if U.S. "interests" are violated; however, this is the first case ever undertaken by the United States that does not directly threaten any American banana industry, nor affect any American jobs. Why, then, would the United States involve itself in this European-C

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CHOBANOVA, Yordanka. "MNEs in the CEECs : shaping the microeconomic architecture of states in the context of EU integration : the cases of Unilever, Nestlé and InBev." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10461.

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Defence date: 13 December 2007 Examining Board: Prof. Martin Rhodes, (University of Denver/EUI) ; Prof. Colin Crouch, (Warwick Business School) ; Prof. Rajneesh Narula, (Reading Business School) ; Prof. Mladen Velev, (Technical University Sofia) PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses Using Systems of Innovation Approach (SI) and International Business (IB) literature, this dissertation analyzes the level of embeddedness of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). MNEs are discussed as they link the economy of the host cou

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Colson-Duparchy, Alexia. "Bridges, hoops and pools : international film co-production : the interface between culture and trade." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78210.

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International film co-productions are sometimes thought of by the Americans as a form of financing providing the U.S. with the ability to sell works to its most important export market, Europe. Europe prefers thinking of it as way to provide its market with works that reflect European culture and ideals. This thesis questions the reality of such a statement, using the examples of the EU, the U.S. and Canada. The author first explains the mechanism of co-production within the framework of a presentation of the methods of film financing. Follows a twofold discussion on the current natu

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Livres sur le sujet "International trade – Europe"

Heidensohn, Klaus. Europe and world trade. Middlesex University, 1992.

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Gács, János, and Georg Winckler, eds. International Trade and Restructuring in Eastern Europe. Physica-Verlag HD, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-28276-2.

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Hamilton, Carl B. Opening up international trade in Eastern Europe. StockholmUniversity, Institute for International Economic Studies, 1992.

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Paul, Brenton, and Pelkmans Jacques, eds. Global trade and European workers. Macmillan in association with European Institute for Asian Studies, 1999.

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Ilan, Alon, and Welsh Dianne H. B, eds. International franchising in industrialized markets: Western and Northern Europe. CCH Inc., 2003.

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Csaba, László. The political economy of trade regimes in Central Europe. Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1994.

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Henriot, Alain. L' Europe face à la concurrence asiatique. L'Harmattan, 2001.

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Henriot, Alain. L' Europe face à la concurrence asiatique. Harmattan, 2001.

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Rocca, Jim. Latest international institute reflects a changed Europe. Library of Congress, Copyright Office, 1992.

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Rouffignac, Peter Danton de. Profiting from Europe: How hi-tech companies canbenefit from the EC. Computer Weekly Publications, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "International trade – Europe"

Mitchell, B. R. "External Trade." In International Historical Statistics Europe 1750–1988. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12791-7_5.

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Michida, Etsuyo. "Regulatory Diffusion from Europe to Asia." In Regulations and International Trade. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55041-1_3.

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Smith, Alan. "International Trade Theory and EU Enlargement." In The Return to Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62942-8_2.

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Kristjánsdóttir, Helga, Guðmundur Kristján Óskarsson, Jón Þorvaldur Heiðarsson, and Sigurður Guðjónsson. "International trade between the EFTA trade bloc and China." In Asian Trade and Investment in Europe. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003274933-1.

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Viju, Crina, and William A. Kerr. "Do the Rules of International Trade Constrain Protection? Global Recession and EU Trade Policy." In Economic Crisis in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137005236_6.

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Bertilorenzi, Marco. "The International Chamber of Commerce." In Free Trade and Social Welfare in Europe. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429023941-6.

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Topolski, Jerzy. "The Role of Gniezno in International Trade." In The Manorial Economy in Early-Modern East-Central Europe. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003555032-16.

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Rosati, Dariusz K. "The CMEA Demise, Trade Restructuring, and Trade Destruction in Eastern Europe: Initial Assessment." In International Studies in Economics and Econometrics. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2206-1_5.

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Togan, Subidey. "An inventory of Turkey’s international trade and investment agreements." In Transition in Central and Eastern Europe. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1614-2_18.

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Burckhardt, Christian. "The European Union as an Actor in International Trade Relations." In Global Power Europe - Vol. 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32416-1_16.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "International trade – Europe"

Drieniková, Kristína, Ľubica Zubaľová, and Marianna Bučányová. "EU-Russia Trade Under Sanctions: An Analysis of Trade Dynamics and Intensity." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.101-115.

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In recent years, there has been a marked escalation in tensions between Russia and Ukraine, culminating in an armed conflict. In response to this aggression, the international community has adopted a series of sanction measures as a form of protest. The European Union joined this effort, significantly affecting the development of bilateral relations not only from a political perspective but also in terms of trade. This has led to a substantial decline in the volume of mutual trade and a reduction in Russia's share of the EU's total trade. The aim of this paper is to highlight the development a

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Kiforenko, Oksana. "International Trade as a Component for a Country's Resilience to War: Case Study – Ukraine." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.155-169.

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Building resilience to such an influential process as a war, that is the ability to adapt well to unexpected changes and events arising in the course of its going on, is a vital necessity for either a country's survival or its rebuilding in the after-war period. International trade is one of the most powerful tools for building resilience against human-made challenges like a war. International trade is an important source of money earning for Ukraine and it increased in its importance with the war actions going on on its territory. The following tools and methods of scientific research were us

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Sajková, Patrícia, Elena Kašťáková, and Vladyslav Bato. "Trade and Sustainable Development Between the European Union and New Zealand." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.303-314.

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The bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the European Union (EU) and New Zealand, concluded in May 2024, represents a significant advancement in their trade and economic relations. Both partners prioritize social, economic, and environmental objectives as integral components of their trade policies, reflecting shared values and a commitment to balanced growth. The paper assesses how trade policies can support environmental objectives and strengthen circular economy principles. A particular emphasis is placed on Chapter 19 of the EU-New Zealand FTA, titled "Trade and Sustainable Develop

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Steinhauser, Dušan, and Lucia Khúlová. "The Impact of Logistics Performance on Countries' Export Growth: A Global Gravity Approach." In 25th International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53465/ceecbe.2025.9788022552257.328-339.

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This study deals with defining the link between logistics performance scores (LPI index) and export growth. The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the influence of logistics performance on the expansion of countries' exports, utilising the LPI index and its components, such as infrastructure quality, ability to track and trace consignments, ease of arranging competitively priced shipments, or efficiency of the customs clearance process. Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimators with fixed effects were used to estimate gravity models as the core method of application. The results of the re

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Chirosca, Ana-Maria, Liliana Rusu, Victor-Ionut Popa, and Eugen Rusu. "CLIMATE ANALYSIS ALONG THE NAVIGATION ROUTES ON THE DANUBE." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s12.07.

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The Danube has been a traditional trade route in Europe since ancient times. Transport on the Danube has many economic and environmental advantages. By using the river as a transport route, logistics costs can be reduced, and delivery times optimized. Another feature of the Danube is its connection to the North Sea and maritime transport via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. In addition, waterborne transport produces less carbon dioxide than road or rail transport, helping to reduce environmental impact and promote sustainable development. The study of the wind climate of the Danube is particularly

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Grajdeanu, Adriana. "Germany’s international trade in services." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359023.06.

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Over time, Germany has shown its ambition, becoming the largest national economy in Europe and one of the largest in the world. Judging by the importance of foreign trade for gross domestic product (GDP), Germany is the most open economy among the G7 states. Over the past 20 years, Germany has played an increasingly important role in the area of trade in services- the most dynamic segment of world trade. The country's microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators show us the level of its development and define its ability to adapt to continuous global change. Germany's main trading partner is the

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Tonovska, Jasna. "Breaking the Barriers to Services Trade in Central and Eastern Europe." In 7th International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2023.193.

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Rapid technological advancements have caused profound shifts in the global economy, establishing services and their trade as pivotal components within the framework of economic transformation. The study investigates developments in international trade in services within five CEE countries over the last two decades, using various data sources – the Balance of Payments (BOP), the overall and the digital services trade restrictiveness index (STRI) and trade in value added. Despite CEE countries being net-exporters of services, the share of services in total external trade remains limited. Al

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ZHANG, QIAN-NAN, XIAO-NA HE, and MIRAJ AHMED BHUIYAN. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF TRADE STATUS AND DETERMINANTS BETWEEN CHINA AND "ONE BELT- ONE ROAD" COUNTRIES-BASED ON TRADE GRAVITY MODEL." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35616.

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“One Road-One Belt”, (Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) reminiscent of the Silk Road, is a massive infrastructure and trade project, initiated by China; that would stretch from East Asia to Europe, somehow recognized by the international community. Despite of criticism of this project, it is considered as an effective tool for promoting regional and bilateral trade deals. In this paper we have pointed out the problems that hindered the bilateral trades among countries along the route. Based on Trade gravity Model; bilateral trade model between China and the countries along the “Belt and Road” was

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Artekin, Ayşe Özge, and Mahmut Sami Duran. "DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN TURKEY: TRENDS AND CHANGES." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.713.

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Turkey, which is the connection point between Asia and Europe and is in a strategically important position, needs new markets where it can implement an effective commercial policy. According to the data of the Asian Devel-opment Bank, Asian countries, which are expected to meet more than half of the world production in 2050 with their rapid growth, and African countries, which are seen as a virgin market and advantageous in terms of cheap raw mate-rial import, offer Turkey a good market opportunity as an alternative to European region trade. On the other hand, it is expected that the agreement

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Pargaru, Ion, Marius Andra, Raluca Ana Vasilescu, Gombos Svetlana Platagea, and Mihai Dinu. "Consequences of choosing the exchange rate regime on International trade." In International Scientific Conference “30 Years of Economic Reforms in the Republic of Moldova: Economic Progress via Innovation and Competitiveness”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975155649.08.

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In the context of significant global economic turmoil and increasing financial, political and social risks leading to a decrease in aggregate demand worldwide and beyond, external competitiveness becomes a key variable in terms of the resumption of economic growth in Romania as integrated process in the aggregate evolution of the European economy. This paper aims to analyze the link between the exchange rate regime and international trade, in order to demonstrate whether there is an influence of the choice of exchange rate regime on the volume of trade. It also analyzes the influence of exchan

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "International trade – Europe"

Kürzdörfer, Nora, and Leonard Schütte. Beyond Lose-Lose: Europe and the Global South in the Age of Geoeconomics. Munich Security Conference, 2025. https://doi.org/10.47342/wpcd1222.

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US trade wars and Chinese market distortions are unleashing lose-lose dynamics that could destroy the international trade order. Both the EU and countries in the so-called Global South face dramatic repercussions. In this age of geoeconomics, they need to deepen their partnerships to cushion the blow and work together toward reforming the international trade system.

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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, et al. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this indu

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Frohmann, Alicia, Jaume Ventura, Rainer Schweickert, et al. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 2nd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006622.

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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation a

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Ventura, Jaume, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller, and Rolf J. Langhammer. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 3rd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006623.

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Harris, Jeremy, Paolo Giordano, and Matthew Shearer. INTrade: Latin America Trade Trend Estimates: 2012. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008200.

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After posting double digit gains in 2010-2011, Latin America's export growth declined to just 1.5% in 2012 for a total value of slightly more than $1 trillion, according to figures just released by the Integration and Trade Sector of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). These results reflected uneven economic conditions in Latin America's major trade partners. In Europe, economic setbacks resulted in a 5% drop in demand for Latin American exports, while lower growth in the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea sharply slowed the region's export growth to Asia as a whole, f

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Ventura, Jaume, Rainer Schweickert, Omar Licandro, et al. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 1st Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006621.

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Latin American and Caribbean countries are today at an important juncture in their international economic relations. Since the end of the 1980s the countries of the region have been pursuing a process of economic reform and opening that has brought about a radical change in their domestic economies and in their integration into the world economy. Besides having undertaken a unilateral liberalization of their trade and investment inflows, Latin American countries are in the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level and negotiating trade liberalization agreements at the

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Triakina, Olga O., Olena O. Pavlenko, Nataliia P. Volkova, and Darja Kassim. Usage of E-learning Tools in Self-education of Government Officers Involved in Global Trade Activities. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2670.

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The article concerns the issue of e-learning tools implementation, including the Customs Learning and Knowledge Community electronic platform designed by the World Customs Organization and the Trade Facilitation Implementation Guide case studies collected by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, into the self-education process of current government employees (within in-service training) and future public officers (within master’s programs) connected with international trade transactions. The authors give a description of the content and characteristical features of existing e-lear

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Knaepen, Hanne. Climate risks in Tunisia: Challenges to adaptation in the agri-food system. European Centre for Development Policy Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc009.

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Tunisia’s agricultural system is central to the stability of the country, but it is also extremely prone to climate risks such as droughts and reduced or more variable rainfall. It is predicted that agricultural yields from key crops like wheat and olives will decline. These climate risks on Tunisia’s agricultural and wider food system can lead to socioeconomic instability and potentially cause security risks. Furthermore, these risks can have knock-on effects that cross national borders, sectors and systems. Tunisia’s capacity to adapt to climate change is undermined by three sets of politica

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Mackie, James. Promoting policy coherence: Lessons learned in EU development cooperation. European Centre for Development Policy Management, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc005.

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Policy coherence for development, or PCD, refers to the need for multiple policies from different sectors to work in unison rather than in opposition to each other, if international development is to be achieved. In Europe, the argument for PCD was based on the recognition that EU efforts on development cooperation were often contradicted or undermined by other EU policies, both internal as much as external, to the extent that the EU was effectively taking back with one hand what it had given with the other. In some severe cases, the EU was even taking back more than it gave. Thus for instance

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Evans, Hugh, Cathal Ryan, Andy Bourke, et al. Range expansion of bark beetles in the genus Ips (ECLIPSE - Ecological Co-factors Lead IPS Expansion). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240279299.

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Bark beetles, particularly those in the genus Ips, are major pests of conifer trees in Europe, causing extensive damage to both natural and commercial forests. The ECLIPSE project has analyzed the history of Ips infestations, focusing on factors driving their geographic spread. Key findings indicated that the availability of suitable host trees, largely due to extensive afforestation with conifers, was a primary factor enabling beetle infestations. Climatic factors, such as extreme weather events, further exacerbated infestations by weakening trees. Long-distance dispersal through both beetle

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