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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « International law – Human rights »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "International law – Human rights"

Nambiar, Dr Bindu M. « International Human Rights Law and Right to Health Care ». International Journal of Scientific Research 2, n^o 11 (1 juin 2012) : 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/85.

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Balafouta, Virginia. « Strengthening “International law of transboundary rivers” international human rights law, international criminal law and international humanitarian law. The dynamics of the right to water ». American Yearbook of International Law 1, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2023) : 2–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ayil.33037.

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In the current paper, taking into account the transboundary rivers’ special importance and value, it is proposed that “International Law of Transboundary Rivers” should be established as an autonomous legal branch of International Law. Firstly, a legal framework for International Law of Transboundary Rivers is proposed, and then suggestions are made for its strengthening. It is argued that the governance of transboundary rivers is closely linked and promotes the maintenance of international peace and security, and all the other primary purposes of International Law. Moreover, the connection of International Law of Transboundary Rivers with International Human Rights Law, International Criminal Law and International Humanitarian Law is suggested. In addition, the proposed framework is linked to the Resolution A/RES/64/292 (2010) “The human right to water and sanitation”. The human right to water and sanitation, and its crucial importance are analyzed. In the context of the paper, the connection of the right to water and sanitation with several rights already enshrined: i) in the European Convention on Human Rights, ii) in the American Convention on Human Rights, and iii) in the African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights is attempted. This suggestion is made in order to be possible for individuals and for states to legally invoke and judicially assert this right. By the combined invocation of the right to water and sanitation with these rights, it could become possible to utilize the relevant regional human rights instruments and mechanisms, for the legal assertion of the right to water and sanitation, and for the fair and equitable use of transboundary rivers and their resources.

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Nickel, James W. « International Human Rights ; International Human Rights Law : Cases, Materials, Commentary ». Nordic Journal of Human Rights 34, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2016) : 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18918131.2016.1154272.

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Hesselman, Marlies. « International Human Rights Law (2019) ». Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online 2, n^o 1 (19 février 2021) : 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_026.

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Hesselman, Marlies. « International Human Rights Law (2020) ». Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online 3, n^o 1 (21 février 2022) : 536–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00301_028.

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Bayefsky, Anne F. « Enforcing international human rights law ». Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 6, n^o 1 (janvier 1998) : 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11926422.1998.9673169.

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Nasimi Chingizzadeh, Chingiz. « HUMAN RIGHTS RELEVANT TO TRADEMARKS ». ANCIENT LAND 03, n^o 04 (30 juin 2021) : 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2706-6185/03/19-21.

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Human rights and trademark laws do not go well together. This is partly the result of an educational tradition and the division of legal research into private and commercial law on the one hand and public law, international law and human rights law on the other. This division is also reinforced by the historical judiciary in many countries. However, human rights concerns are becoming more and more relevant in trademark law. Keywords: Intellectual property, trademark, human rights, freedom of expression, privacy, property

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Capella Giannattasio, Arthur Roberto. « International Human Rights ». Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 100, n^o 4 (2014) : 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/arsp-2014-0037.

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Doswald-Beck, Louise, et Sylvain Vité. « International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law ». International Review of the Red Cross 33, n^o 293 (avril 1993) : 94–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400071539.

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International humanitarian law is increasingly perceived as part of human rights law applicable in armed conflict. This trend can be traced back to the United Nations Human Rights Conference held in Tehran in 1968 which not only encouraged the development of humanitarian law itself, but also marked the beginning of a growing use by the United Nations of humanitarian law during its examination of the human rights situation in certain countries or during its thematic studies. The greater awareness of the relevance of humanitarian law to the protection of people in armed conflict, coupled with the increasing use of human rights law in international affairs, means that both these areas of law now have a much greater international profile and are regularly being used together in the work of both international and non-governmental organizations.

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Spagnoli, Filip. « The Globalization of Human Rights Law : Why Do Human Rights Need International Law ? » Texas Wesleyan Law Review 14, n^o 2 (mars 2008) : 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v14.i2.8.

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This Essay examines the globalization of human rights law, a rather recent legal development which has occurred in two parallel ways: human rights have become part of most national constitutions and have been enshrined in widely accepted international treaties. The central question of this Essay is the utility of international law in the field of human rights protection. The conclusion is that ideally human rights protection should be a national matter, but in an imperfect world, with failing national protection, international human rights protection is a necessary alternative. This Essay examines how, in an imperfect world, international law can contribute to human rights protection, and also how it hinders this goal. It looks at the problems of immunity, self-determination, and non-intervention; monism versus dualism; ius cogens; international monitoring; and other ways in which international law can have a positive or negative impact on the protection of human rights.

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Thèses sur le sujet "International law – Human rights"

Legg, Andrew. « Deference in international human rights law ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42fc2528-cf7c-4cd8-9ff6-0d0bd25b6220.

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Deference in international human rights law has provoked animated discussion, particularly the margin of appreciation doctrine of the European Court of Human Rights. Many commentators describe the practice of deference but do not explain how it affects judicial reasoning. Some approve characteristics of deference but do not provide a justification to defend the practice against criticism. Others regard deference as a danger to human rights because it betrays the universality of human rights or involves tribunals either failing to consider a case properly or missing an opportunity to set human rights standards. This thesis employs a different approach by focussing on deference as the practice of assigning weight to reasons for a decision on the basis of external factors. This approach draws on theories of second-order reasoning from the philosophy of practical reasoning. The thesis offers a conceptual account of deference that accords with the practice not only of the European Court of Human Rights, but also the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the UN Human Rights Committee. Additionally the thesis presents a normative account of deference, that the role of these tribunals entails permitting a measure of diversity as states implement international human rights standards. Deference in international human rights law then is the judicial practice of assigning weight to the respondent states’ reasoning in a case on the basis of three factors: democratic legitimacy, the common practice of states and expertise. This affects judicial reasoning by impacting the balance of reasons in the proportionality assessment. The account defended in this thesis dispels concerns that deference is a danger to human rights, whilst providing a theory that justifies the practice of the tribunals. The thesis thus provides the contours of a doctrine of deference in each of the three international human rights systems.

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Keith, Linda Camp. « The Law and Human Rights : Is the Law a Mere Parchment Barrier to Human Rights Abuse ? » Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2247/.

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This study is the first systematic global analysis of the impact of law on human rights, analyzing the impact of twenty-three constitution provisions and an international covenant on three measures of human rights behavior, over the period of 1976-1996. Three sets of constitutional provisions are analyzed, including 1) ten provisions for individual freedoms and due process rights, 2) nine provisions for elements of judicial independence and 3) four provisions that outline procedures for states of emergency. Additionally, the impact of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on actual human rights behavior is analyzed. Each of these areas of law are evaluated individually, in multiple models in which different elements vary. For example, some models control for democracy with different measures, others divide the data into the Cold War and post-Cold War eras, and some test constitutional indices. Finally, all provisions are simultaneously analyzed in integrated models. Provisions for fair and public trials are consistently shown to decrease the probability of abuse. An index of four freedoms (speech, religion, association, and assembly) decreases the probability of abuse somewhat consistently. Three of the provisions for judicial independence are most consistent in reducing the probability of abuse: the provisions for exclusive judicial authority, for the finality of judges' decisions, and banning exceptional courts. Two of four states of emergency provisions decrease abuse as international lawyers have argued: the provisions for legislative declaration of the emergency and the ban against dissolving the legislature during an emergency. However, two of the provisions are shown to hurt human rights practices: the duration and the derogation provisions. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights does not demonstrate a statistically significant impact. While the performance of the constitutional provisions is less than legal scholars would hope, their combined impact over time are shown to be quite large, relative to the impacts of other factors shown to affect human rights abuse.

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Sadeghi, Soraya <1995&gt. « Protecting Human Rights Defenders under International Law ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17750.

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The main aim of this thesis is to analyse how international instruments and their corresponding mechanisms support and protect Human Rights Defenders and to which extent this support is useful. Human Rights Defenders have always faced difficulties due to their operate that is essential to promote and implement democracy and human rights. After a detailed introduction in which they are described the categories most at risk of HRDs, the first chapter is based on the crucial moment of the adoption of the 1998 UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders and the consequent role of the UN Special Rapporteur. In the second chapter they are analysed the different regional mechanisms that the various human rights organizations in America, Africa and Europe have adopted to protect HRDs and how they have changed over time. Lastly, in the third chapter it has been made a comparison between the most influential cases about human rights defenders that have been submitted before the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-America Court of Human Rights.

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Owuor, Elijah. « Theory of International Law : Basic Human Rights Conception of the International Law ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_hontheses/3.

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The incidents of human rights violations have increasingly captured the international attention. I think that part of the reasons for human rights violations is because of the foundational theories of the current international law. In this thesis project, I argue that basic human rights should be the moral foundation of the international law. I achieved my goal in several steps. In the first section, I introduced the thesis project; I also outline my objectives. In the second section, I briefly define human rights, basic human rights, and provided the scope of basic human rights. In the third section, I provided my argument that basic human rights should be the moral foundations of the international law; provide criterion of state legitimacy; I critiqued the United Nations in the context of my arguments. Finally, I concluded by formulating the international basic human rights law.

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Swanson, Alan D. « International human rights law and development : a human rights way to development ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341236.

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Owuor, Elijah Medego. « Theory of international law basic human rights conception of the international law / ». restricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05192008-125514/.

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Thesis (B.A. Honors)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Robert Sattelmeyer, Andrew Jason Cohen, committee members. Electronic text (34 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 26, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34).

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Loos, Clemens. « The convergence and divergence of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6236_1182745813.

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In this minithesis, I demonstrate that International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law are two distinct but related fields of law. First, the examination deals with the instance that the aim of both branches of law, the protection of human rights, is common, but the approach to reach this aim is different. In this regard, I show numerous points of divergence of both branches of law which have their origin in the fundamentally different historical developments of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law. I give the main attention to the application of both sets of law, whereby the contractions and legal gaps of the protection of human rights become apparent. The proposals dealing with the solution of these issues are discussed. I argue that a new legal instrument for a comprehensive and compatible protection of human rights is necessary, especially in times of internal strife. Regarding the question as to whether International Humanitarian Law or International Human Rights Law should apply if both branches are applicable, I take the view to apply the roman principle of law lex specialis derogat legi generali in such a way that the more specific rule whenever they have a specific justification for dealing with specific problems is applicable. Both branches of law do not merge to one, but they converge to a harmonious relationship, where they complement each other and provide the highest protection of human rights.

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Eick, Christophe N. « Enforcing international human rights law in domestic courts ». Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63973.

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Anastasia, Federico <1994&gt. « Re-Framing Corruption under International Human Rights Law ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16535.

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This thesis aims at studying the connection between corruption and human rights. By analyzing the complex issue of corruption and examining the current anti-corruption instruments, it investigates the added values that a human rights law conceptualization of corruption could provide to the current international anti-corruption agenda. The dissertation explores a threefold linkage between corruption and human rights. By exploring corruption’s roots, causes, and consequences, this thesis highlights the way in which corruption represents the negation of the idea of human rights. Therefore, it will be argued that corruption and human rights are conceptually linked. Progressively, the theoretical connection will be considered from a legal point of view. More specifically, the legal analysis aims to show how the various forms of corruption and the state’s tolerance of corrupt practices may violate the human rights contained in the existing international human rights treaties. Despite there is no shortage of attention to the issue of corruption, there is still the need to work on the effectiveness of the anti-corruption methods. Without criticizing the criminal law approach per se, a strategic link between corruption and human rights will be provided. Within this framework, the added values of the human rights integration will be outlined, and the human rights actors involved in the human rights fight against corruption will be presented.

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Motloung, Tebogo Wilfred. « Human rights and international environmental law : Towards the development of an international environmental right ? » University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6543.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The global state of the environment is deteriorating daily because of challenges posed by environmental degradation, including climate change. In recognition of the mounting global environmental crisis and its detrimental impact on the enjoyment of human rights, there is a growing call for the recognition of what is generally referred to as a human right to a clean environment, otherwise referred to in this study as an international environmental right. Proponents of an international environmental right hold a firm view that such a right will prevent or mitigate actions that are responsible for environmental degradation and thus contribute to environmental protection. This study seeks to determine the nature of the relationship between the environment and human rights and whether the proposal for the recognition of an international environmental right to address global environmental concerns that pose a threat to the enjoyment of human rights has merit. In determining the viability of recognising an international environmental right, a number of theories underpinning the recognition of new international human rights, the status of the right in existing international human rights agreements, political willingness and support of states, the notion of global constitutionalism, customary international law sources such as soft law instruments, international declarations etc., are considered.

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Livres sur le sujet "International law – Human rights"

Pisillo Mazzeschi, Riccardo. International Human Rights Law. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77032-7.

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Cook, Rebecca J. International human rights law. 2^e éd. [Toronto] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2003.

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Cook, Rebecca J. International human rights law. [Toronto] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1996.

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van, Dijk P., Flinterman C. 1944- et Janseen P. E. L, dir. International law, human rights. 3^e éd. Lelystad : Koninklijke Vermande, 1998.

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Macklem, Patrick. International human rights law. [Toronto] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2002.

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Orange, Jennifer. International human rights law. 2^e éd. Toronto] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2009.

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Cook, Rebecca J. International human rights law. Toronto, Ont.] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1989.

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Cook, Rebecca J. International human rights law. [Toronto] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1995.

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Cook, Rebecca J. International human rights law. [Toronto] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1998.

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Cook, Rebecca J. International human rights law. Toronto, Ont.] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "International law – Human rights"

Abrisketa, Joana. « International Human Rights Law ». Dans International Humanitarian Action, 141–53. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14454-2_8.

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Pisillo Mazzeschi, Riccardo. « General International Law ». Dans International Human Rights Law, 49–63. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77032-7_3.

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Weber, Leanne, Elaine Fishwick et Marinella Marmo. « International Human Rights Law ». Dans Crime, Justice and Human Rights, 21–38. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29921-5_3.

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Goel, Sudershan, Barbara A. Sims et Ravi Sodhi. « International Human Rights Law ». Dans Domestic Violence Laws in the United States and India, 58–63. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137387073_5.

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O’Brien, Melanie. « International Human Rights Law ». Dans International Conflict and Security Law, 255–76. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_11.

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Pisillo Mazzeschi, Riccardo. « Soft Law ». Dans International Human Rights Law, 119–22. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77032-7_6.

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« Human rights ». Dans International Law, 453–515. Cambridge University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316998557.010.

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« Human rights ». Dans International Law, 514–87. Cambridge University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107445727.011.

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Doswald-Beck, Louise, et Sylvain Vité. « International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law ». Dans Human Rights, 423–48. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315199955-12.

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« REINVENTING INTERNATIONAL LAW ». Dans Debating Human Rights, 179–95. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203202036-14.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "International law – Human rights"

Widiyono, Try, et Hamdan Azhar Siregar. « The Relationship Between Human Basic (Human Rights) Obligations and Human Rights ». Dans International Conference on Law Reform (INCLAR 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200226.031.

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Martynenko, Evgeny. « PROBLEMS OF CORRELATION BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW ». Dans 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb11/s02.052.

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Firdaus, Oksimana Darmawan et Yuliana Primawardani. « Constructing Human Rights Justiciability in Human Rights Courts in Indonesia ». Dans 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights 2020 (ICLHR 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210506.017.

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Sa-ngimnet, Pattaka. « Thai Wives, Marriage Brokers and Human Rights Law ». Dans Annual International Conference on Political Science, Sociology and International Relations. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2403_pssir14.23.

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Mazur, Lindsey. « Update on weight discrimination human rights law #SizeismSUCKS ». Dans 7th Annual International Weight Stigma Conference. Weight Stigma Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31076/2019.o15.

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Zahroni, Zahroni, et Faisal Santiago. « Ulayat Rights in A Human Rights Perspective ». Dans Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2021, March 6th 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2306456.

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Petrova, Paunita. « CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE DIGNIFIED HUMAN EXISTENCE IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ». Dans THE LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/lbcs2020.353.

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International law must take into account all the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and respond adequately to them. It must develop and strengthen the protection of social rights, the right to work, as opposed to the increased pressure on human resources.

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« INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW : Aspirations and Challenges to Global Justice and Peace ». Dans 6th INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ISSUES CONFERENCE. Tishk International University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23918/ilic2021.35.

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Riley, P. « Policy and Law Relating to Radioactive Waste : International Direction and Human Rights ». Dans ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4948.

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The anticipated doubling of world demand for electricity over the next fifty years requires that the gift of nuclear energy that has served developed nations over the past half century must not be abandoned. However, the absence of a clear and unequivocal policy regarding the storage and disposal of radioactive waste is seen by a significant section of the public as a threat to their rights and the non-existence of dedicated regulation of radioactive waste based on law has become an obstacle to the development of nuclear energy in Europe and the USA. A European survey of public opinion carried out at the request of the European Commission revealed that three-quarters of the respondents to sixteen thousand interviews believed that ‘all radioactive waste is very dangerous’. The public perception of threat has been fostered by the general lack of appreciation of the cautious system of radiation protection that has evolved from scientific observation and prediction of the risk of cancer from exposure to low level radiation. The concept of collective dose based on the system of radiation protection and applied to accident scenarios with remote possibilities, but in the absence of scientific assessment of the balance afforded by the pragmatism that man applies to everyday risks including the risk of cancer from the ever-present background of natural radiation, has added a measure of dread to the public sense of threat. That dread has been exacerbated by the emergence since September 2001 of the possibility of the use of radioactive waste as a terrorist weapon and for radioactive waste storage facilities to be seen as terrorist targets. International policy has moved from the comprehensive coverage of nuclear regulation with radioactive waste as an integral, but minor player, in the nuclear energy process to particular consideration with radioactive waste requiring specific regulation. This paper identifies the vectors that determine the direction of the policy governing radioactive waste, the moves toward consolidation of international policy separate from the body of existing nuclear law and future direction that will clear the way for a sustained, appropriate use of nuclear energy.

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Bērziņa, Lolita, et Carsten Wulff. « Is the “Right to Be Forgotten” Good for Human Rights ? » Dans The 7th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.7.27.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "International law – Human rights"

Hicks, Jacqueline. Drivers of Compliance with International Human Rights Treaties. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.130.

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Are international human rights treaties associated with better rights performance? The appetite for a conclusive answer has driven a number of large scale quantitative studies that have broadly shown little or no effect, and sometimes even a backsliding. However, the headline conclusions belie much more complicated findings, and the research methods used are controversial. These issues undermine confidence in the findings. Comparative and individual case studies allow for more detailed information about how domestic human rights activists use international human rights laws in practice. They tend to be more positive about the effect of treaties, but they are not as systematic as the quantitative work. Some indirect measures of treaty effect show that the norms contained within them filter down into domestic constitutions, and that the process of human rights reporting at the UN may be useful if dialogue can be considered an a priori good. It is likely that states are driven to comply with human rights obligations through a combination of dynamic influences. Drivers of compliance with international law is a major, unresolved question in the research that is heavily influenced by the worldview of researchers. The two strongest findings are: Domestic context drives compliance. In particular: (1) The strength of domestic non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and links with international NGOs (INGOs), and (2) in partial and transitioning democracies where locals have a reason to use the treaties as tools to press their claims. External enforcement may help drive compliance when: (1) other states link human rights obligations in the treaties to preferential trade agreements, and (2) INGOs ‘name and shame’ human rights violations, possibly reducing inward investment flows from companies worried about their reputation. Scholars also identify intermediate effects of continued dialogue and norm socialisation from the UN’s human rights reporting processes. Interviews with diplomats involved in UN reporting say that the process is more effective when NGOs and individual governments are involved.

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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs : Ghana in context. Raisina House, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.

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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030

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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.

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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.

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Burniske, Jessica, Naz Modirzadeh et Dustin Lewis. Armed Non-State Actors and International Human Rights Law : An Analysis of the Practice of the U.N. Security Council and U.N. General Assembly. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, juin 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/gtze6629.

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Mazurkiewicz, Marek. ECMI Minorities Blog. German minority as hostage and victim of populist politics in Poland. European Centre for Minority Issues, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/fhta5489.

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On 4 February 2022, the Polish Journal of Laws published a new ordinance of the Minister of Education and Science, implementing cuts in the funding of education of German as a minority language. Consequently, the hourly length of such lessons will be significantly reduced. This regulation applies exclusively to the German minority, and the official motive for introducing discriminatory measures is to improve the situation of Polish diaspora in Germany. This is the first time after 1989 when the Polish state authorities introduce a law limiting the rights of Poland’s citizens belonging to a national minority (in this situation children), as a retaliation for the alleged situation of a kin-community elsewhere. Importantly, the adopted regulations are not only discriminatory towards one of the minorities; their implementation may in fact contribute to the dysfunctionality of the entire minority education system in Poland. This is also an obvious violation of the constitutional principle of equality before the law, the right of minorities to ‘maintain and develop their own language’, international standards of minority rights protection, as well as a threat to the very functioning of human rights protection mechanisms in the country.

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Carty, Anthony, et Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), octobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.

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Hanson, Gordon. International Migration and Human Rights. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, octobre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16472.

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Milican, Juliet. Mapping Best Practice Guidelines in working with Civil Society Organisations. Institute of Development Studies, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.092.

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This report sets out to map the different guidance documents available on how to work most effectively with civil society in the delivery of international aid in ways that deepen democracy and advance the rights of marginalised or excluded groups. It includes a review of guidelines published by other key international development funders and implementors written for their own teams, an overview of guidance provided for DAC members within OECD countries and policy papers on cooperation between the state and CSOs. It looks primarily at documents produced in the last ten years, between 2011 and 2021 and includes those related to cooperation on specific issues (such as drugs policy or human rights, as well as those that deal with specific countries or regions (such as Europe or the MENA region). The majority of documents identified are written by government aid departments (eg USAID, Norad) but there are one or two produced by umbrella civil society organisations (such as Bond) or international legal think tanks (such as ICNL, the International Centre for Not for Profit Law). There was a remarkable consistency between the issues Millican addressed in the different documents although their size and length varied between outline guidance on 2 – 3 pages and a comprehensive (62 page) overview that included definitions of civil society, range of organisations, reasons for collaborating, mechanisms for financing, monitoring and ensuring accountability and challenges in and guidance on the ways in which donors might work with CSOs.

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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learned on Cultural Heritage Protection in Conflict and Protracted Crisis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.068.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the lessons learned from initiatives aimed at embedding better understanding of cultural heritage protection within international monitoring, reporting and response efforts in conflict and protracted crisis. The report uses the terms cultural property and cultural heritage interchangeably. Since the signing of the Hague Treaty in 1954, there has bee a shift from 'cultural property' to 'cultural heritage'. Culture is seen less as 'property' and more in terms of 'ways of life'. However, in much of the literature and for the purposes of this review, cultural property and cultural heritage are used interchangeably. Tangible and intangible cultural heritage incorporates many things, from buildings of globally recognised aesthetic and historic value to places or practices important to a particular community or group. Heritage protection can be supported through a number of frameworks international humanitarian law, human rights law, and peacebuilding, in addition to being supported through networks of the cultural and heritage professions. The report briefly outlines some of the main international legal instruments and approaches involved in cultural heritage protection in section 2. Cultural heritage protection is carried out by national cultural heritage professionals, international bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as citizens. States and intergovernmental organisations may support cultural heritage protection, either bilaterally or by supporting international organisations. The armed forces may also include the protection of cultural heritage in some operations in line with their obligations under international law. In the third section, this report outlines broad lessons on the institutional capacity and politics underpinning cultural protection work (e.g. the strength of legal protections; institutional mandates; production and deployment of knowledge; networks of interested parties); the different approaches were taken; the efficacy of different approaches; and the interface between international and local approaches to heritage protection.

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Silverman, Allison. Using International Law to Advance Women’s Tenure Rights in REDD+. Rights and Resources Initiative, juin 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/uyna2326.

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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an international initiative to mitigate climate change in the forest sector. It is intended to incentivize developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as promote sustainable management of forests, and conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. REDD+ has significant implications for land and resource rights, and raises particular concerns for women. These concerns arise from discrimination that women already face in resource management processes, largely due to unclear, unsecure and unequal tenure rights. Women represent a large percentage of the world’s poor, and they are often directly dependent on natural resources. As a result, there are significant risks that REDD+ could exacerbate existing inequalities for women if it fails to respect women’s tenure rights. This paper makes a case for advancing women’s tenure rights and how international law can be used to promote those rights in the context of REDD+.

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