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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « International law – Health »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "International law – Health"

Negri, Stefania. « International Health Law (2019) ». Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online 2, n^o 1 (19 février 2021) : 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_030.

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Negri, Stefania. « International Health Law (2020) ». Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online 3, n^o 1 (21 février 2022) : 592–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00301_033.

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Taylor, Allyn L. « International Public Health Law ». Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 82 (1988) : 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700095847.

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Negri, Stefania. « International Health Law (2018) ». Yearbook of International Disaster Law 1, n^o 1 (7 novembre 2019) : 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26662531-01001031.

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Toebes, Brigit. « International health law : an emerging field of public international law ». Indian Journal of International Law 55, n^o 3 (septembre 2015) : 299–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40901-016-0020-9.

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Nambiar, Dr Bindu M. « International Human Rights Law and Right to Health Care ». International Journal of Scientific Research 2, n^o 11 (1 juin 2012) : 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/85.

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Sapsin, Jason W., Theresa M. Thompson, Lesley Stone et Katherine E. DeLand. « International Trade, Law, and Public Health Advocacy ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 31, n^o 4 (2003) : 546–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00122.x.

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Public Health Science and practice expanded during the course of the 20th century. Initially focused on controlling infectious disease through basic public health programs regulating water, sanitation and food, by 1988 the Institute of Medicine broadly declared that “public health is what we, as a society, do collectively to. assure the conditions for people to be healthy.” Commensurate with this definition, public health practitioners and policymakers today work on ;in enormous range of issues. The 2002 policy agenda of the American Public Health Association reflects positions on genomics’ role in public health; national health and safety standards for child care programs; sodium in Americans’ diets; the health and safety of emergency rescue workers; and war in Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.

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Malichenko, V. S. « The Rise of International Health Law ». Moscow Journal of International Law, n^o 4 (31 janvier 2022) : 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2021-4-6-20.

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INTRODUCTION. Over the past decades under the influence of demographic processes, economic shocks, morbidity increase and other systemic problems a whole spectrum of threats to health has gradually formed at the international level, characterized by severe socio-economic consequences for each country regardless of the welfare level. Today, the challenges of ensuring universal coverage of services, access to safe, quality medicines, control of health care costs, effective response to health emergencies, antibiotic resistance are not limited by the WHO regulations, but are included in the agenda of the UN, ILO, FAO and other intergovernmental organizations. The need to form a unified approach to regulate activities of numerous participants in international healthcare regulation has served as an incentive for the gradual development of international legal regulation of the field of health protection, becoming the subject of study by leading legal scholars, as well as international organizations. The presented article provides a comprehensive analysis of the main historical stages in the development of international cooperation in the field of health protection, which served as the basis for the formation of international health law in the field of health protection as a new branch of international law. Special attention in the article is paid to the assessment of the role of globalization processes in changing the nature of threats to human and public health and their impact on the formation of global health governance concept. Based on the systemic problems that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, the author formulated the main directions for improving the international legal regulation of the health sector.MATERIALS AND METHODS. During article preparation the following document were studied: acts of a universal and regional nature, resolutions of international organizations, legal positions of UN specialized agencies, as well as professional scientific associations. The theoretical basis of the research are the scientific works of national and foreign scientists in the field of international law and international relations in the field of health protection. The article was prepared using the general scientific method of cognition, including the formal logical and situational method and private law methods, such as comparative, historical and formal legal methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. Within the framework of the study, a conclusion was formulated about the formation of "international health law" as a new branch of international law, uniting international legal norms and principles governing the relations of subjects of international law, as well as other participants in international relations in the field of human health. In the work, the author presents the main sources of "international health law" and formulates the subject of regulation of this branch of law.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Describing the features of international cooperation in the field of health protection, expressed in an increase in the number of involved international organizations and other participants which are not subjects of international law, the author substantiates the formation of the concept of global health management and analyzes the main scientific publications in this area. Having studied the nature of health threats that have formed over the past decade under the influence of globalization processes, as well as the systematic problems of international cooperation demonstrated by the coronavirus pandemic, the authors emphasize the need to implement the repeatedly proposed initiative to develop a universal act that forms the basis of international legal regulation of health protection.

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Roscam Abbing, Henriette. « Developments in International/European Health Law ». European Journal of Health Law 16, n^o 1 (2009) : 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180909x400240.

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Sohn, Myongsei, Jason Sapsin, Elaine Gibson et Gene Matthews. « Globalization, Public Health, and International Law ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 32, S4 (2004) : 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00197.x.

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Thèses sur le sujet "International law – Health"

Hoffman, Steven Justin. « Reimagining international law to address global health challenges ». Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0024/document.

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Cette thèse présente trois études qui imaginent à nouveaux frais la définition et le rôle du droit international dans la réponse que l’on peut apporter aux menaces transnationales contre la santé et aux inégalités sociales. Le premier chapitre évalue les capacités qu’ont les lois internationales traditionnelles de promouvoir la santé mondiale, en étudiant en particulier quand et pourquoi des traités internationaux sur la santé peuvent être utiles. Une synthèse de 90 évaluations d’impact quantitatif de traités passés a été réalisée et un cadre analytique a été développé. Le deuxième chapitre s’appuie sur ce travail pour évaluer une large gamme de possibilités de travailler en vue d’une action mondiale collective portant sur la résistance aux antimicrobiens, dont celles qui impliquent la construction d’institutions, la conception d’incitations et la mobilisation d’intérêts. Ce chapitre soutient que leur impact sur le monde réel dépend de relations d’imputabilité fortes. Le troisième chapitre porte cette thèse au-delà des notions westphaliennes traditionnelles d’action collective en s’intéressant à la question de savoir si de nouvelles technologies perturbatrices peuvent théoriquement produire les mêmes effets de régulation sur les questions de santé au niveau mondial que des lois internationales négociées par les États. Dans un premier temps, ce chapitre présente un modèle relativement simple d’apprentissage automatique qui quantifie automatiquement la pertinence, la qualité scientifique et le sensationnalisme des articles et valide ce modèle à partir d’un corpus de 163 433 articles de presse mentionnant les pandémies récentes de SARS et de H1N1
This dissertation presents three studies that reimagine the definition and role of international law to address transnational health threats and social inequalities. The first chapter assesses opportunities for traditional international laws to promote global health, specifically examining when and why global health treaties may be helpful. Evidence from 90 quantitative impact evaluations of past treaties was synthesized and an analytic framework was developed. The second chapter builds on this work by evaluating a broad range of opportunities for working towards global collective action on antimicrobial resistance, including those that involve building institutions, crafting incentives and mobilizing interests. This chapter argues that their real-world impact will depend on strong accountability relationships. The third chapter takes this dissertation beyond traditional Westphalian notions of collective action by exploring whether new disruptive technologies can theoretically provide the same global regulatory effects on health matters as state-negotiated international laws. As a first move, this chapter presents a relatively simple machine-learning model that automatically quantifies the relevance, scientific quality and sensationalism of news media records, and validates the model on a corpus of 163,433 news records mentioning the recent SARS and H1N1 pandemics

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Elzuway, Saleh M. « The right to health care in international law ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4293/.

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Health is an important matter for both individuals and states. Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 (UDHR), health has been categorised as a human right. In the years following this Declaration, many international treaties and national constitutions have emphasised this issue;for example, article 12 of the International Convention of Economic, Social and Cultural rights 1966 (ICESCR). However, as this thesis notes, the language in which this right is cast varies. This, it is argued, is problematic for any attempt to vindicate the right and ensure its justiciability. Accordingly an alternative definition is explored and clarified in what follows. In first chapter, the focus is on arguing that, the current phrases such as ‘right to health’, ‘right to medical care’, ‘the human right to highest attainable standards of health’ and ‘right to health protection’ are vague and weak and may prevent a clear understanding of the expectations that people may legitimately have. The main outcome is to describe a workable and more precise right which can also be legally enforced; that is, the right to health care. In the second chapter, the legal sources of the right to health care in international law are explored. In particular, it is argued that there are obligations on states to implement this right and, as members of the international community and the main subject of international law, to take all necessary steps to put it into practice by translating these obligations into domestic law, thus ensuring that health care is treated as a human right In addition, this chapter also describes the general principles of human rights, such as non-discrimination, participation and equity, that ought to be taken into account by the state`s authorities when they implement the right in question. The following two chapters are devoted to examining the status of the right to health care in the United Kingdom and Libya as models of developed and developing countries.According to health Act No 106 of 1973, health care appear to be simply human right in theory in both national law and international commitments however in practice the government as well as the judiciary did not take it seriously. As result, the case laws have not considered such right as human right nor a legal right for Libyans. In the UK, the reluctance of the government to treat health care as legal right has not stopped judges to evaluate health decisions makers and adjudicate whether such decisions were proper with the case in question. Thus, the chance for UK citizens to review the decisions of the health authorities is wider under the judicial review in terms of legal right rather than human right. In the conclusion, it is proposed that the main problem in according the right to health care the status of a human right is not in fact related to any inability of the judiciary to deal with social and economic rights, nor is it reliant on disagreement about the legal nature of the right and whether it should be categorised as a negative or a positive right, but relates rather to the meaning of the right and what it should include. It is further proposed that the right defended in this thesis – the right to health care – can solve this problem by clarifying the nature and content of the right. The UK experience shows that when such clarity exists, the debate about whether or not the right exists or is justiciable becomes irrelevant. Equally, the state can ignore the international distinctions between types of right and invest health care with the status of a justiciable right in domestic law. While the interim Libyan Government refers to a right to health care in its new constitution, it is clear that political will is necessary to translate it into reality. The Libyan state has much to learn from the healthcare and legal structures of the United Kingdom; particularly it can learn from examination of the mechanisms by which the UK, and other European nations and organisations, have effectively avoided the debate about whether or not the right to health care can be categorised as a human right by developing jurisprudence that renders it clear and justiciable in and of itself.

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Li, Phoebe Hung. « Revisiting public health emergency in international law : a precautionary approach ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6393.

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This work develops a means to encourage states to take advantage of the flexibilities of compulsory licensing in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) which promotes access to medicines in a public health emergency. In pursuing this solution, the precautionary approach (PA) and the structure of risk analysis have been adopted as a means to build a workable reading of TRIPS and to help states embody the flexibilities of intellectual property (IP). This work argues for a PA reading of TRIPS and that states have the precautionary entitlements to determine an appropriate level of health protection from the perspective of “State responsibility” in international law. A philosophical review is conducted followed by the examination of existing international legal instruments including the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the WHO International Health Regulations, the Codex Alimentarius, and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. The PA has been found to have a pervasive influence on risk regulation in international law, yet the application is fraught with fragmentations in different legal regimes. In order to reach a harmonious interpretation and application of the PA in the WTO, the legal status of PAs of different WTO instruments have been analysed. Further, a comparative study on PAs in terms of legal status in the exemptions of the WTO and TRIPS obligations has been proposed. The political and moral basis for compulsory licencing in a public health emergency has been bolstered through the interpretation and the creation of legal status of the PA in WTO/TRIPS law.

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McKenzie, Fiona G. « Health and environmental protection in international trade law : bridging the gap ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24153.

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The international trading system has a role to play in ensuring that its primary objective of trade liberalisation does not come at the expense of environmental and health concerns. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the efforts that have been made by the WTO to integrate environmental/health issues in the international trade system and to propose ways of achieving greater linkage between these areas by performing both a legal and economic analysis of the subject. The various ways in which linkage occurs in the WTO are analysed, in particular, through the exceptions to the most-favoured-nation standard contained in Article XX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement and Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, scientific assessments, the acceptance of eco-labelling initiatives, the interpretation of WTO rules in the light of rules of public international law, the incorporation of environmental principles and overarching norms, as well as the coherence between the TWO and multilateral environmental agreements. The WTO’s legislative arm and the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) are both crucial in providing coherence between environmental/health and free trade goals. It is argued, however, that linkage through the legislative arm would enable WTO members to retain more control over the WTO agreements and achieve the highest degree of coherence between environmental/health protection and free trade goals despite the fact that due to the high transaction costs of clarifying existing rules or devising new ones, linkage through the interpretations given by the DSB is a less burdensome way of filing the gaps of an incomplete contract. Although coherence between environmental/health and free trade goals can and should be increased, it is concluded that it would be unrealistic to expect that the international trading system achieve a degree of linkage that is acceptable to all WTO Members in all circumstances. In this respect, the question of whether Members should be able to maintain WTO inconsistent measures, if compensation is paid or if concessions are suspended or withdrawn is examined.

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Schram, Ashley. « International Trade and Investment Agreements and Health : The Role of Transnational Corporations and International Investment Law ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35231.

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Addressing complex global health challenges, including the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), will require change in sectors outside of traditional public health. Contemporary regional trade and investment agreements (RTAs) like the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) continue to move further ‘behind-the-border’ into domestic policy space introducing new challenges in the regulation of health risk factors. This dissertation aimed to clarify the pathways through which RTAs influence NCDs, and to explore points along those pathways with the intent of improving the existing evidence base and supporting policy development. This work develops a critical theoretical framework exploring the ideas, institutions, and interests behind trade and investment policy; it also develops a conceptual framework specifying how trade and investment treaty provisions influence NCD rates through the effects of trade and investment on tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and beverage products, as well as access to medicines and the social determinants of health. Using health impact assessment methodology, three analytical components were designed to examine pathways of influence from RTAs to health outcomes as mediated by the interests of transnational corporations (TNCs). The first component explored the influence of industry during the TPP negotiations and how its health-related interests were reflected in the final TPP text. The second component examined the role of trade and investment liberalisation in health-harmful commodity markets, finding a rise in TNC sales after a period of liberalisation. The third component demonstrated how investor rights and investor-state dispute can challenge the state’s right to regulate if it damages the profits of TNCs, which may threaten effective health regulation, and provides opportunities to strengthen the right to regulate. The work in this dissertation provides support for the thesis that trade and investment policies are a fundamental structural determinant of health and well-being, which are highly influenced by TNCs that guide such policies in the interest of maximising their profits and protections, often to the detriment of public policy and population health. This work identifies the need for more robust health impact assessments of RTAs before future agreements are ratified, as well as an imperative to challenge vested interests that entrench neoliberal policy preferences that have hindered sustainable and equitable development.

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Westaway, Jennifer. « A right to a minimum adequate standard of health care ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2156.

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This thesis undertakes a fresh inquiry into the status of the right to health care under international law, with a view to explaining how the right to health care has been variously interpreted. Previous studies into the right to health care have primarily focused on its philosophical basis, and while these studies have contributed significantly to the ethical debate on the existence of such a right, this thesis has as its foundation, the fact that there has been legal recognition of its existence in the form of its inclusion in international conventions and supporting documents, as well as, a in particular, domestic Constitutions and related Bills of Rights. It should be noted that this thesis will not examine in detail all documentation in which a right to health care in its various forms is mentioned. Rather a purposely selective examination has been instituted.In respect to this selective examination, the process of selection was a deliberate one, specifically in relation to the case studies undertaken. The choice of countries to be of focus was based upon the different nature of the documentation in which the right to the health care could be said to be founded: Constitution, Charter or Bill of Rights, International Convention only, other legislative basis, or, as will be seen in the case of Tibet, International Convention but effectively in name only. In the opinion of the writer, this selection will provide a representative overview of the status of a right to health care in international law. The thesis is centrally concerned with the idea that the legal recognition of a socio-economic right, such as the right to health care, does not ensure that it is capable of enforcement. Rather, this thesis proposes that the legal recognition of a socio-economic right, specifically, a right to health care, has value, and can only claim validity from what the existence of the right can provide from a moral or ethical perspective. Further, this thesis proposes that the 'definability' - in other words, for justiciability' of socio-economic rights depends on their a right to be the subject of judicial scrutiny, it must be capable of sustaining a definition sufficient in substance to allow for judicial determination as to whether or not there has been a breach in its provision.

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Wang, Yanbai Andrea. « Who makes international law ? : how the World Health Organization changed the regulation of infectious disease ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e59123f0-aea5-47e9-9521-0d107a07dd3f.

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This thesis investigates the impact of international organizations on the making of international law by applying insights on how international organizations work—or fail to work—to the process of institutionalized treaty making. Specifically, I probe the relationship between the World Health Organization (“WHO”) and international infectious disease law, focusing in particular on the 2005 International Health Regulations (“2005 IHR”), which was negotiated, adopted, and is now being implemented under WHO’s auspices. The 2005 IHR is the most recent development in international infectious disease law, the history of which extends back to the beginning of international health cooperation in the mid-nineteenth century, before any international health organization was formed. Relying on secondary sources, WHO documents, archival materials, and personal interviews, I chronologically trace the evolution of international infectious disease law across changing institutional settings. I first examine the incremental growth of the older “barrier” approach to infectious disease regulation, initially developed in the absence of any international health organization and then with the aid of one of WHO’s predecessor organizations. I then analyze the decline of the barrier approach and the rise of the new “epidemiological” approach embodied by the 2005 IHR, with the aid of WHO. Based on my empirical analysis, I conclude that WHO has radically changed the process of making international infectious disease law as well as its content. On its own initiative and without member state demand, WHO’s permanent staff experimented with novel practices that subsequently became the basis for the 2005 IHR. WHO’s work reduced the length of formal negotiation needed to arrive at a new agreement and the uncertainty associated with adopting a novel regulatory system. Its influence also raises normative questions about the proper role of international organizations in making international law—questions that require further exploration.

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Saukila, Walhalha Sphiwe. « Overcoming Parental Consent : How can International Human Rights Law be used to Protect a Child’s Right to Health in Childhood Immunization Cases ? » Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31713.

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Children have the right to preventive medical treatment and interventions that serve their best interests. In the case of minors, this right is exercised by the parent or legal guardian with hopes that they will exercise their responsibility positively. Over the years however, this right has been challenged by an increasing number of parents withholding consent to immunize their children against some deadly diseases for one reason or another. This has led to a conflict between parental consent and the child’s right to health and resolving this conflict is an issue of law. Childhood immunizations are the first line of defence for a child and as such, should be considered a basic human right that needs to be protected. By denying this right to the child, it infringes on that child’s right to health and right to life. This should not be the case as international human rights law demands the protection of society’s most vulnerable members, especially children.

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Onzivu, William. « Health in international environmental law : an analysis of the health objectives and impact of international environmental legal regimes in developing countries with a focus on Africa and the options for reform ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21621.

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The protection of human health and the environment are two major goals of international environmental law. However, there has been little coherent scrutiny of their scope or implementation at international and domestic levels in developing countries and Africa in particular. This thesis shows that international environmental law regimes with a health protection objective have not maximized opportunities to reinforce the promotion and protection of public health in Africa. Through inter alia a study of sustainable management of shared freshwaters, trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal and international climate law, the thesis shows that a range of legal frameworks comprised of substantive, institutional and procedural law mandates States to advance the health objective in international environmental law. However, the thesis demonstrates the limits of these regimes and suggests options to enhance their potential in promoting and protecting public health. An enhanced framework of adaptive governance is proposed to improve environmental health governance. The thesis illustrates how the discourse on health in international environmental law can strengthen international environmental health governance to improve environmental and public health outcomes. It contains seven publications that analyse the strengths and weaknesses and options for reform of the international environmental law regime for health. The implications of these findings for theory, practice and public policy are discussed.

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Sparkes, Susan Powers. « The Political Economy of Health Reform : Turkey's Health Transformation Program, 2003-2012 ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121146.

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This dissertation explores the political economy of Turkey’s large-scale health systems reform, known as the Health Transformation Program (HTP) (2003 – 2012). It does this by analyzing the role of institutions, physicians, and patients in the Ministry of Health’s efforts to adopt and implement changes to the country’s health financing, health workforce, and primary care systems. In the first chapter, I present a qualitative case study that uses primary interview data to explain how Turkey adopted a universal and unified health coverage system between 2003 and 2008. By applying Immergut’s institutional veto points theory, I show Minister of Health Akdağ (2002-2013) and his team of advisors used targeted strategies to overcome obstacles at critical veto points blocking adoption. This analysis fills an important gap in the literature on universal health coverage by providing a theory-based explanation for how a reform can be accomplished. The second paper then looks at how Minister Akdağ overcame opposition from an organized physician group, the Turkish Medical Association (TMA), to adopt legislation that banned physician dual practice. This analysis contributes to the literature on the role of physicians in health reform by presenting a case study where an organized physicians association was not able to act exert veto power to block policy adoption. Rather, I argue that Minister Akdağ used a divide and then conquer political strategy, where he acted to exploit coordination problems among physicians by appealing to their individual interests and undermining the authority of TMA and its base of university physicians, to create a favorable political environment to ban dual practice and strengthen service delivery capacity. The fourth chapter considers how the HTP affected public opinion of Turkey’s reformed primary health care system, known as the Family Medicine System. I take advantage of the staged-rolled out of the Family Medicine System at the provincial level to estimate its effect on patient satisfaction using provincially-representative patient exit survey data from 2010, 2011 and 2012. This study provides some of the first national level evidence that primary health care reform underpinned by the FM system can effectively improve patient satisfaction - a health system goal. The final chapter summarizes the main results of Chapters 2, 3, and 4, discusses their limitations, and presents policy implications that can be derived from this research.
Global Health and Population

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Livres sur le sujet "International law – Health"

Fidler, David P. International law and infectious diseases. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1999.

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den, Exter André, dir. International health law : Solidarity and justice in health care. Antwerpen : Maklu, 2008.

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New Zealand. Parliament. Health Committee. International treaty examination of the International Health Regulations 2005 : Report of the Health Committee. [Wellington, N.Z.] : House of Representatives, 2007.

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den, Exter André, dir. International health law and ethics : Basic documents. Apeldoorn : Maklu, 2009.

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The right to health in international law. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012.

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International health law and ethics : Basic documents. 2^e éd. Apeldoorn : Maklu, 2011.

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V, Ermakov V., dir. International quarantine. Madison, Conn : International Universities Press, 1989.

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Public health in international investment law and arbitration. New York, NY : Routledge, 2012.

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Chŏnyŏmpyŏng kwa kukchepŏp : Infectious diseases and international law. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi : Samusa, 2012.

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University of Toronto. Faculty of Law, dir. Public health law and ethics : Comparative and international perspectives. Toronto] : Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2005.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "International law – Health"

Minas, Stephen. « China’s Mental Health Law ». Dans International and Cultural Psychology, 91–104. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65161-9_8.

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Brougher, Joanna T. « International Patent Law, Trade Law, and Access to Drugs ». Dans Intellectual Property and Health Technologies, 175–203. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8202-4_9.

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Hendel, Nataliia. « World Health Organization (WHO) ». Dans International Conflict and Security Law, 733–59. The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_35.

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Chen, Bo. « Evaluative Framework and International Human Rights Law ». Dans Mental Health Law in China, 9–38. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003212034-2.

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Patel, Gayatri H. « Women’s Right to Health ». Dans Women and International Human Rights Law, 79–122. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351235105-4.

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Sheargold, Elizabeth, et Andrew D. Mitchell. « Public Health in International Investment Law and Arbitration ». Dans Handbook of International Investment Law and Policy, 1–26. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5744-2_39-1.

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Vorontsova, E. V., et A. L. Vorontsov. « The Concept of Health Protection in International Law ». Dans Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects : Economy and Production, 539–47. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15577-3_51.

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Sheargold, Elizabeth, et Andrew D. Mitchell. « Public Health in International Investment Law and Arbitration ». Dans Handbook of International Investment Law and Policy, 1851–76. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3615-7_39.

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Tripathy, Sunita. « The Human Right to Health : Reflecting on the Implications of IPRs as Endorsed by the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement ». Dans International Economic Law, 61–78. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44645-5_4.

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Weber, Karsten, et Nadine Kleine. « Cybersecurity in Health Care ». Dans The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology, 139–56. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29053-5_7.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "International law – Health"

Sudarto, Sudarto, et Megawati Barthos. « Health Protocol Law Enforcement ». Dans Proceedings of the First Multidiscipline International Conference, MIC 2021, October 30 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-10-2021.2315619.

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Salmah, Halimatus, Tongat Tongat et Mohammad Isrok. « Transactions of Human Organs According to Islamic Law, Positive Law and Health Law ». Dans Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2020, July 1st 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-7-2020.2303623.

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Varela, Claudia P. « Occupational Health Program : Beyond the Law ». Dans SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/46793-ms.

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Rahma, Nabila, Moh Latif, Inna Ngazizah et Aristoni Aristoni. « The Resilience of Health Law in Indonesia : Health Quarantine and Health Rights ». Dans Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2021, June 8-9 2021, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-6-2021.2314336.

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Suryoutomo, Markus, et Sri Purwaningsih. « Immaterial Compensation in Tort Law Acts Judge Made Law Through Rechsvinding ». Dans International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.095.

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Pratikno, Yudi, Hartiwiningsih et Emmy Latifah. « Local Wisdom to International on Aviation Information in Javanese as an Effort of Law Enforcement to Achieve Aviation Safety and Aviation Security According to ICAO Standard (International Civil Aviation Organization) (Study in Adi Sucipto International Airport-Yogyakarta) ». Dans International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.131.

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Vorontsova, Elena. « THE TERM "HEALTH PROTECTION" IN THE RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW : COMPLIANCE ISSUES ». Dans 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb11/s02.062.

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Soekiswati, Siti, et Absori. « Transcendental Law Paradigm : National Health Care Solutions ». Dans Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Life, Innovation, Change and Knowledge (ICLICK 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclick-18.2019.18.

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Dewi, Lelita. « Law Protection for Post Divorced Women Through Law Enforcement with a Gender Perspective ». Dans International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.031.

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Kurniawan, Riza Alifianto, et Sapta Aprilianto. « The Integration Traditional Medicine Practice at National Health Insurance in Indonesia ». Dans International Law Conference 2018. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010049900130017.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "International law – Health"

Kelly, Luke. Policy and Administrative Barriers to IDPs Accessing Basic Services. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.112.

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Literature shows that IDPs struggle to access services, which has an impact on their ability to live healthy and fulfilling lives. In the field of health, IDPs frequently have worse outcomes than both host community and refugees. This rapid literature review finds evidence of a number of policy and administrative barriers to access of services for internally displaced persons (IDPs). IDPs remain citizens of the countries in which they are displaced, and the national authorities retain responsibility for meeting their basic rights. However, their displacement, loss of livelihoods and assets, lack of documentation, as well as discrimination against them, lack of protection under international law, lack of policy to address their needs, poor services and conflict or disaster conditions, can all make it more difficult for IDPs to access basic services than non-displaced citizens. There is relatively little literature systematically addressing the issue of administrative and policy barriers to service access among IDPs. Much of the literature discusses IDPs alongside refugees (who have a different legal status and access to different national and international support), or discusses the whole range of difficulties facing IDPs but does not focus on administrative or policy barriers. The literature frequently does not compare IDPs and other citizens and service users. Nevertheless, policy and administrative barriers are discussed, ranging from analysis of international instruments on IDPs to documentation procedures in particular countries. Much of the literature shows the prevalence of disease, lack of school attendance, limited provision of services etc. faced by IDPs, but does not discuss the policy and administrative barriers in detail.

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Schoten, Eert. HELLE : Health Effects of Low Level Exposures/ Gezondheidseffecten van lage blootstellingniveaus [International workshop : Influence of low level exposures to chemicals and radiation on human and ecological health]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/765246.

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Sychareun, Vanphanom, Phonethipsavanh Nouanthong, Souksamone Thongmyxay, Chandavieng Phimmavong, Phouthong Phommavongsa, Vathsana Somphet, Jo Durham et Pauline Oosterhoff. Access to Covid-19 Vaccines and Concerns of Returnee Migrant Workers in Lao PDR During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.048.

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In Lao PDR (Lao People’s Democratic Republic), out-migration, often to neighbouring Thailand, is an important livelihood pathway for workers. The Covid-19 pandemic, however, had a significant impact on these international migrant workers. As the pandemic evolved, and lockdowns and travel restrictions were implemented, thousands of the estimated 1.3 million Lao nationals living abroad, mostly in Thailand, found themselves unemployed and started returning to Lao PDR. Many of these returning migrants were infected or had been exposed to the Covid-19 virus, raising concerns of the potential for community transmission, especially with migrants returning to rural areas where health facilities are not always easily accessible and access to vaccines severely constrained. This research examined the access Lao international migrants returning to Lao PDR had to Covid-19 vaccination and the practical and ideological barriers returnee migrants faced in obtaining the vaccination.

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Redmond, Paul, Seamus McGuinness et Klavs Ciprikis. A universal basic income for Ireland : Lessons from the international literature. ESRI, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs146.

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A universal basic income (UBI) is defined as a universal, unconditional cash payment that is made regularly, is sufficient to live on, is not means tested, carries no work requirements and is paid on an individual basis. This study examines the international evidence on universal basic incomes and identifies key issues for consideration in the design of any UBI pilot for Ireland. Despite the mainstream interest in UBI as a potential policy tool, relatively little is known about the associated consequences of such policies. Even the definition of a UBI appears to be poorly understood and is often misused in the public discourse. Several pilot studies have been recently implemented across different countries. However, some pilot studies depart from the accepted definition of UBI. For example, some are not universal, in that they only target a specific subgroup of the population and/or have eligibility restrictions based on earnings. Others provide a relatively low level of payment, which may fall short of what an individual could reasonably be expected to live on. There are a number of potentially positive impacts associated with a UBI. A universal, unconditional payment could eliminate the stigma associated with welfare receipt. If replacing existing welfare payments, a UBI would also involve lower transaction costs, both on the recipient (in terms of the application procedure) and on Government (in terms of administering the payment). Universal, unconditional payments would also avoid situations where people choose not to work in order to retain means-tested benefits. UBI could give individuals the freedom to turn down or leave insecure, exploitative or low-paid work in pursuit of better or improved work opportunities. In addition, it would mean that persons in informal and often unpaid work, such as childcare and eldercare, which is mostly done by women, receive some compensation for their labour. Empirical results from several pilot studies have found evidence of positive health impacts following the implementation of a UBI. In terms of potential disadvantages, a UBI, by definition, may not target those that are most in need, as a large percentage of recipients will be high-earning individuals. Furthermore, the cost of a UBI is likely to be very expensive, even if other existing benefits (such as unemployment benefits) are no longer required. The net impacts of a UBI on labour supply are unclear, with both positive and negative influences on labour market participation potentially arising as a consequence of a UBI. In this study, we undertake some basic calculations relating to four possible UBI approaches, all of which would involve an unconditional payment to every individual aged over 18 in Ireland.

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Price, Roz. Evidence on the Advantages of Low Carbon Growth in Jordan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.117.

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There has been a considerable amount of research generally into the benefits associated with low carbon development, showing that it can be synergistic with development priorities – such as job creation, improved public health, social inclusion and improved accessibility (see for example, Gouldson et al., 2018). However, this rapid review finds limited evidence and information around these benefits specifically for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. There has been much interest in green growth in Jordan in the last ten years, particularly as Jordan is seen as having a large renewable energy potential for solar and wind. International organisations have been working with Jordan to develop comprehensive national plans and strategies to encourage green growth investment. Within the Jordanian government, the green growth concept has mainly been promoted by the Ministry of Environment. The World Bank in particular has produced a number of reports that have fed into this review, that explore or touch on green growth in Jordan – however, they themselves recognise that there is a lack of research on the economic and job-generating impacts of a green growth pathway in Jordan, and emphasise the need for further analysis (see specifically Hakim et al., 2017). Many of the green growth statistics referenced are from single reports undertaken a number of years ago – for example, that environmental degradation costs Jordan 2% of its GDP per year comes from a World Bank report written in 2010 and based on data from 2006 (World Bank, 2010). No more recent reviews were found during this rapid review. This review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature from government and international organisations.

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Ciapponi, Agustín. Do birth kits improve newborn and maternal outcomes ? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/161012.

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Sepsis is one of the conditions contributing significantly to both maternal and newborn mortality. Poor hygiene during the intrapartum period has been recognised as a critical risk factor for sepsis. Clean birth is an essential intervention estimated to avert 20–30% of newborn deaths due to sepsis and tetanus, and requires the availability of a few essential supplies. Since birth kits have been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a means of ensuring supplies and to ‘strengthen standards of cleanliness’ in home deliveries, more than 50 low and middle income countries have introduced birth kits, which are now receiving renewed international interest.

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Carty, Anthony, et Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), octobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.

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Pessino, Carola, et Teresa Ter-Minassian. Addressing the Fiscal Costs of Population Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean, with Lessons from Advanced Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003242.

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This paper presents projections for 18 Latin America and Caribbean countries of pensions and health expenditures over the next 50 years, compares them to advanced countries, and calculates estimates of the fiscal gap due to aging. The exercise is crucial since life expectancy is increasing and fertility rates are declining in virtually all advanced countries and many developing countries, but more so in Latin America and the Caribbean. While the populations of many of the regions countries are still relatively young, they are aging more rapidly than those in more developed countries. The fiscal implications of these demographic trends are severe. The paper proposes policy and institutional reforms that could begin to be implemented immediately and that could help moderate these trends in light of relevant international experience to date. It suggests that LAC countries need to include an intertemporal numerical fiscal limit or rule to the continuous increase in aging spending while covering the needs of the more vulnerable. They should consider also complementing public pensions with voluntary contribution mechanisms supported by tax incentives, such as those used in Australia, New Zealand (Kiwi Saver), and the United States (401k). In addition, LAC countries face an urgent challenge in curbing the growth of health care costs, while improving the quality of care. Efforts should focus on improving both the allocative and the technical efficiency of public health spending.

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Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay, Ximena Neculhueque-Zapata, Raul Valenzuela-Suazo et Pamela Seron. Assessing people's functioning through rehabilitation registries systems. A rapid scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0006.

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Review question / Objective: 1.- To systematize the available scientific evidence on rehabilitation models and rehabilitation registries systems, which allow for the assessment of people's functioning; 2.- To describe rehabilitation data registries systems used internationally and the "minimum data set" that relate to the functioning of persons. Eligibility criteria: - Population: Studies that have enrolled adult or paediatric patients, with any condition or pathology that could potentially result in low functioning or disability, related to impairments, activity limitation or restriction in participation, according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework will be included. - Concept: Studies that submitted data from a rehabilitation registry, bank, or database containing a minimum data set will be included. These registries may include clinical and administrative information that can be used to improve the quality of care, monitor or answer research questions. - Context: Studies that have been conducted in a context of rehabilitation programs and assessment of function or disability, at any level of care, and that have directly or indirectly addressed aspects or variables that can account for functioning, capacity, or participation according to the ICF framework will be included. The inclusion of studies will not be limited by their methodological design, since they will be used to identify rehabilitation registries or databases, so primary studies (cohort studies, case-control studies, among others) and secondary studies (systematic reviews, exploratory reviews, among others) will be considered.

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Tamale, Nona. Adding Fuel to Fire : How IMF demands for austerity will drive up inequality worldwide. Oxfam, août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7864.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a huge blow to every country, and many governments have struggled to meet their populations’ urgent needs during the crisis. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has stepped in to offer extra support to a large number of countries during the pandemic. However, Oxfam’s analysis shows that as of 15 March 2021, 85% of the 107 COVID-19 loans negotiated between the IMF and 85 governments indicate plans to undertake austerity once the health crisis abates. The findings in this briefing paper show that the IMF is systematically encouraging countries to adopt austerity measures once the pandemic subsides, risking a severe spike in already increased inequality levels. A variety of studies have revealed the uneven distribution of the burden of austerity, which is more likely to be shouldered by women, low-income households and vulnerable groups, while the wealth of the richest people increases. Oxfam joins global institutions and civil society in urging governments worldwide and the IMF to focus their energies instead on a people-centred, just and equal recovery that will fight inequality and not fuel it. Austerity will not ‘build back better’.

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