Articles de revues : « International business enterprises – Spain »

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Medrano, Natalia, et Cristina Olarte-Pascual. « The effects of the crisis on marketing innovation : an application for Spain ». Journal of Business & ; Industrial Marketing 31, n^o 3 (4 avril 2016) : 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2013-0048.

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Purpose This study aims to identify the structural features of companies that have implemented marketing innovations at two different points, 2008 and 2010 (before and during the crisis). Design/methodology/approach The sample, obtained from the Technological Innovation Panel, consists of two subsamples of 9,415 enterprises each. The information was processed using a binomial logit model, parametric and non-parametric tests for independent samples and a test of structural stability. Findings Differences were found in the results from 2008 and 2010: enterprises in Spain were less likely to implement marketing innovations in 2010 than in 2008; the effect of an enterprise’s size on how likely it was to innovate in marketing decreased by more than half between the two periods; the likelihood of innovating in marketing increased in enterprises that also pursued organizational innovations; and in contrast to 2008, in 2010, the enterprises that were most likely to innovate in marketing were those that exported to countries outside the European Union. These findings show that innovation is part of the business ethos and that public policies that support exports can also foster innovation. Originality/value Marketing innovation has received little attention in the literature. We believe that marketing innovation can help to improve an organization’s results, even in times of economic crisis.

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Prokhorenko, I. « Center and Regions in Spain's System of Small and Medium Enterprises Support ». World Economy and International Relations, n^o 10 (2010) : 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-10-32-43.

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Problems in small and medium entrepreneurship development are typical for any country. The main difference of Spain is that small and medium enterprises (SME) form here the basis for business and production structure of economy. Establishment and improvement of the modern government regulation and SME support system took place as late as during the post-Francoist period. In the article, the management model for such enterprises, their information support, sponsoring, access to innovations, the role of small and medium business in employment of population, especially amid the 2007–2009 global crisis are thoroughly actualized.

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Pons Pons, Jerònia. « Multinational Enterprises and Institutional Regulation in the Life-Insurance Market in Spain, 1880–1935 ». Business History Review 82, n^o 1 (2008) : 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500037521.

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The number of multinationals in the life-insurance sector expanded during the first era of globalization. Many of these firms gravitated to Spain, attracted by factors such as the country's small number of national companies and minimal regulatory requirements. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, the Spanish government began to impose more institutional regulations, increasing the guarantees, deposits, and reserves required of insurance companies. In response, American and British multinationals began to leave the Spanish market, propelled both by the new requirements and by a series of external factors that obliged American companies to reduce their international business. Finally, the economic disruption that accompanied the outbreak of World War I convinced American and British multinationals to withdraw from the Spanish insurance business.

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Lewandowska, Małgorzata Stefania. « Blending Innovation Types in Order to Achieve International Competitiveness. Multi-country Approach ». WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (31 août 2021) : 1223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.114.

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The relationship between innovation and international competitiveness is the subject of many research studies. The aim of the paper is to examine the association between the introduction of product innovation individually and in pairs with process and marketing innovation and the exporting of enterprises from 13 European Union countries, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. The study used anonymized micro data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for 2012-2014. Based on the sample of 98 809 enterprises, 14 models were built using path analysis with the Bonferroni correction, one for the whole sample and 13 for each of the country studied. The analysis indicates positive link between the introduction of product innovation on sales activity on foreign markets of the enterprises of the surveyed countries (measured by exporting), but only for Germany and Spain. Surprisingly, adding process or marketing innovation to product innovation in most of the cases has an adverse effect on exporting.

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Mejías‐Sacaluga, Ana, et J. Carlos Prado‐Prado. « Integrated Logistics Management in the Grocery Supply Chain ». International Journal of Logistics Management 13, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2002) : 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574090210806432.

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This work aims to highlight the importance of adequately defining relationships between firms in a supply chain management (SCM) framework as the basis for its integrated functioning. An empirical study is used to analyze the state of manufacturer‐retailer relationships and the implications of these on efficient functioning of the grocery supply chain in Spain with Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) as a backdrop. Using personal interviews with logistics managers in 48 manufacturers and retailers in Spain, the study focuses on the order fulfillment or demand satisfaction logistics process, and evaluates the willingness for collaboration among the enterprises using best practices and information and communication technologies (ICT's) associated with ECR.

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CURRY, JOHN, HAN DONKER et RICHARD KREHBIEL. « DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS IN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES : THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE ». Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 14, n^o 01 (mars 2009) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946709001119.

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This study examines the historical development of corporate governance structures in First Nations communities in British Columbia, where development corporations are employed to assist privately-owned and community-owned entrepreneurial enterprises. First Nations entrepreneurial activity functions in an environment where business must market to a global economy while preserving traditional values, beliefs and other cultural elements. A brief history of First Nations and their enterprise development efforts is presented. Empirical research findings describe the close relationship between local community and corporate goals and identify conflicts of interest between political leaders and management of development corporations. The evidence demonstrates entrepreneurial success and economic development of First Nations communities rely on an independent decision-making process within business development corporations. An alternative business model is developed utilizing the empirical research, social enterprise literature and the unique regional cooperative model of the Mondragon region of Spain. The new model respects the land base and other environmental and social values while providing a framework for economic success. Exploration of this unique enterprise-to-region development model, which incorporates consideration for the natural environment and social and cultural values, offers lessons to other societies and regions that will assist in the movement toward an economic system based on concepts of sustainability.

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Martínez Bobillo, Alfredo, Juan Antonio Rodríguez Sanz et Fernando Tejerina Gaite. « Explanatory and predictive drivers of entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capacity : Evidence from family enterprises ». Cuadernos de Gestión 21, n^o 2 (19 mai 2021) : 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5295/cdg.201329am.

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This paper aims to identify potential explanatory variables of the entrepreneurial orientation and innovation capacity (EO-IC) of family enterprises (FEs) through a comparative study of family businesses in Spain and Latin America. The innovation literature reports a paradigm shift whereby the dynamic boost provided by corporate governance and productivity is playing an increasing role as a driver of EO-IC and sustainable competitive advantage. This issue acquires particular relevance in the ase of family firms, where entrepreneurial and innovation capacities are characteristically hampered by socio-emotional and risk-aversion factors. We construct a panel of data on 182 large family enterprises (1,820 observations) domiciled in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Spain, drawing on the Thomson Onebanker and ORBIS databases for the period 2008-2018. The results reveal the emergence of new explanatory variables for the structure of the family-firm EO-IC framework, some related to productivity; others more basically to corporate governance. They also show that, in Latin America, the use of business efficiency (productivity) factors in the planning and potentiation of EO-IC by family firms is hampered by the institutional (legal, regulatory, labour and educational) environment, where traditional factors such as firm size and ownership concentration are more relevant. In the Spanish case, however, the evidence points to a transition from traditional inputs towards business efficiency and productivity-related factors.

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Demkiv, Oleh, et Natalia Chaplynska. « IMPROVEMENT OF BASIC INTERNATIONAL MANAGERIAL APPROACHES AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION (on the basis of Glovoapp Ukraine) ». Business, Economics, Sustainability, Leadership and Innovation, n^o 6-7 (30 décembre 2021) : 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37659/2663-5070-2021-6-7-105-125.

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COVID-19 pandemic affected current enterprises and demand of consumers. Consequences of such changes affect managerial approaches that are used by companies to cope with new challenges on the market. This work deeply analyses correlation between managerial approaches and decisions that support competitive advantage on market. As a result, thesis will emphasize how appropriately picked managerial methodology can impact sustainable development of consumers on market, where enterprise operates. On this article we made an analysis of food delivery company “Glovo”, which is a delivery company that proceeds in more than 23 countries globally. It has started to operate in Spain in early 2015. Startup was founded by two proprietors Oscar Pierre and Sacha Michaud. Both proprietors were engaged in tech and digital areas that helped them to identify scales of tech resources to launch their own startup. In the article overview of overall performance of Glovo Ukraine with reference to its’ corporate structure, competitors that operate in delivery market and the way how company maintains customer expectations were described. The main goals is an identification of whether the company and its’ processes are effective in terms of competitiveness and communication with end users. Also, the article contains analysis of relation between theoretical information and practical findings. The goal of an analysis is an identification of the most efficient way of how Glovoapp Ukraine with food delivery business model can reach the highest ratio of market share with comparison to competitors. Theoretical information is being applied in order to identify current and recommended way of proceeding. The task of the article is to identify how usage of incorrect managerial approach can affect competitive advantage of certain enterprises. The relevance of this paper is defined by rapid growth of businesses that proceed on food delivery market and managerial decision, that are made by them. Such decisions form sustainability strategy of such enterprises, therefore contribution to fight against COVID-19 consequences and threats.

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Sánchez, Esther, et Rafael Castro. « “Foreign Assistance to a ‘Closed Economy.’ The Case of French Firms in Spain, c. 1941–1963” ». Enterprise & ; Society 14, n^o 3 (septembre 2013) : 606–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/kht052.

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Spain emerged from the Civil War (1936-1939) with formidable economic problems. They were caused by military destruction, by foreign condemnation, and especially by the establishment of an autarkic system, in which the victorious Francoist side followed the political and economic path of other European fascist regimes. Despite legal restrictions, many foreign companies continued to seek out and exploit both new and old relationships in Spain, usually in association with the state-owned holding Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI). This foreign support was a major factor in ending Spain’s international isolation, increasing confidence in the Spanish economy, and removing obstacles for later growth. The purpose of this article is to analyze the collaboration between French firms and INI in the early Franco era (1940s and 1950s), identifying the main enterprises, agreements, and results. We assert that foreign assistance to Spain was present during the autarky period and highlight the continuity of the collaboration between Spain and France in those difficult years. Therefore, we defend multinationals' flexibility in adapting themselves to a hostile environment, particularly across political and economic networks with local partners.

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Gonçalves, Ramiro, José Martins, Frederico Branco, Manuel Perez-Cota et Au-Yong Oliveira. « Increasing the reach of enterprises through electronic commerce : A focus group study aimed at the cases of Portugal and Spain ». Computer Science and Information Systems 13, n^o 3 (2016) : 927–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis160804036g.

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E-commerce notably increases the reach of enterprises, bringing a firm's products and services into the international arena. In times of shrinking domestic markets, due to national crises, becoming available in global markets is essential for survival and growth. We have thus held three focus group interactions to produce a set of strategic recommendations with regards to how to improve e-Commerce adoption levels in Iberian enterprises, essential in times of local hardship and market contraction. Suggestions include creating actions to influence governments to re-evaluate the legislation that regulates e-Commerce, making it more transparent; encouraging venture capitalists, banks and business angels to finance such e-Commerce endeavors; encouraging higher education institutions (HEI) to partner with Iberian enterprises to ensure knowledge transfer in both directions; creating, with HEI and training organizations, a set of new training courses directed at Iberian enterprises and focusing on concepts such as Web 2.0 capabilities and a coherent online organizational identity. Fundamental is the perspective that e-Commerce is a strategic issue, warranting funds and qualified personnel, at different levels in the hierarchy, for adequate strategic e-intent, e-vision, and e-mission formulation, followed by effective e-process implementation.

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Markowicz, Iwona, et Paweł Baran. « Duration of Trade Relationships of Polish Enterprises on the Intra-Community Market : The Case of Vehicles and Automotive Parts Trade ». Sustainability 14, n^o 6 (18 mars 2022) : 3599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063599.

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International trade allows for wider access to goods and services in domestic markets. It contributes to socio-economic development, and it is an important factor in raising living standards. The aim of the study is to provide a duration analysis of trade relationships of Polish enterprises on the intra-community market and determine the influence of selected factors on the length of time the relationships last. We employ survival analysis methods to study the duration of Polish enterprises on the intra-community market (the case of 87 CN chapter—vehicles and parts and accessories thereof), separately for intra-community supplies (ICS) and intra-community acquisitions (ICA). Our research covers trade relationships at a level close to individual transactions—the data unit relates to a specific domestic company, a specific product group (combined nomenclature heading), a specific direction of the transaction (ICS/ICA) and exchange with a specific country. Differences in duration curves for ICS and ICA are statistically significant, and export (ICS) relationships are more durable over time than import relationships (ICA). The most durable relationships of Polish enterprises are with business partners from countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, Spain, Portugal and the Czech Republic.

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Medina, Lisset, Marcelo Cano-Kollmann et Isabel Alvarez. « International connectivity in the generation of information and communication technology (ICT) in Spain ». Competitiveness Review : An International Business Journal 30, n^o 3 (18 mars 2020) : 355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-08-2019-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of knowledge creation in a key technology field, i.e. information and communication technology (ICT), to determine whether it is driven by domestic firms and inventors, or whether the traction is provided by international connections to global innovation networks. The authors argue that the geographical pattern of international connectivity is characterized by local concentration and strong connections to foreign multinational enterprises, for which a large number of inventors in Spain work. Design/methodology/approach The analysis was done using data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office database, covering almost 40 years, ranging from 1976 to 2014. The authors used patents in the ICT sector connected to either inventors or organizations located in Spain. The authors analyzed collaboration by the location of both inventors and assignees, and the connections established across borders. Second, the authors assessed the level of concentration and dispersion that characterizes these relationships. Findings First, the growth of the ICT sector in Spain is strongly driven by linkages with foreign companies, in particular those located in the USA. Second, the interaction of local and international clusters of knowledge generation is a key driver of the ICT sector, which is far from being global. Third, there is a geographic concentration of national/international knowledge sources, which is mediated by the technological strategies of internationalized firms. Therefore, the new information age seems to be highly dependent on the collaboration between individuals and companies through focal local points, and on the prevalence of co-developed international inventions. Research limitations/implications Understanding the patterns of ICT-related knowledge creation and its geographical footprint is crucial to foster competitiveness in the digital age. The transition from a paradigm based on tangible assets to one where competitive advantage stems mainly from intangibles, has significant implications for both policy and practice. International collaboration presents opportunities to enhance competitiveness at various levels, be that organizations, regions or countries. To seize these opportunities, it is key to enhance the endogenous capabilities and absorptive capacity of the local players. While patent data captures the output of a national innovation system only partially, it is still a suitable indicator to capture international connectedness. More qualitative-oriented techniques, however, may allow for a better assessment of tacit knowledge flows. Originality/value The creation of knowledge in high-tech industries is a key aspect of competitiveness, and it is increasingly supported by collaboration that spans across borders. However, knowledge creation adopts different patterns, depending on the unique characteristics of the country. The authors analyze the case of Spain, a developed economy with pockets of innovation but also significant areas that can be considered “peripheral,” both economically and industrially, when compared to much of Western Europe. This study’s analysis captures the combination of concentration and dispersion in the process of knowledge generation that characterizes the ICT sector in intermediate countries.

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Olivares-Gil, Alicia, Adrián Arnaiz-Rodríguez, José Miguel Ramírez-Sanz, José Luis Garrido-Labrador, Virginia Ahedo, César García-Osorio, José Ignacio Santos et José Manuel Galán. « Mapping the scientific structure of organization and management of enterprises using complex networks ». International Journal of Production Management and Engineering 10, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2022) : 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2022.16666.

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Understanding the scientific and social structure of a discipline is a fundamental aspect for scientific evaluation processes, identifying trends and niches, and balancing the trade-off between exploitation and exploration in research. In the present contribution, the production of doctoral theses is used as a proxy to analyze the scientific structure of the knowledge area of business organization in Spain. To that end, a complex networks approach is selected, and two different networks are built: (i) the social network of co-participation in thesis examining committees and thesis supervision, and (ii) a bipartite network of theses and thesis descriptors. The former has a modular structure that is partially explained by thematic specialization in different subdisciplines. The latter serves to assess the interdisciplinary structure of the discipline, as it enables the characterization of affinity levels between fields, research poles and thematic clusters. Our results have implications for the scientific evaluation and formal definition of related fields.

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Quero, María José, Montserrat Díaz-Méndez, Rafael Ventura et Evert Gummesson. « Co-patenting, co-ownership, and co-ideation as drivers for university business innovation : the case of public universities in Spain ». TQM Journal 34, n^o 7 (4 juillet 2022) : 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-03-2022-0087.

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PurposeThis paper explores whether, in the context of university–industry (U–I) collaboration, new innovation strategies can be developed through actors' interactions, the exchange of resources and the co-creation of value for and within the system. In the context of the U–I relationship, the innovation perspective can highlight the need to develop strategies that elicit new formulas of value co-creation, which then facilitate innovation as a result of actor collaboration.Design/methodology/approachA total of 45 public universities in Spain, representing 95% of the total, participated in qualitative research. Personal in-depth interviews with technology transfer officers (TTOs) were conducted by an external firm; in a second phase, two of the researchers conducted eight interviews with the directors of TTOs in those universities with higher rates of transfer.FindingsFindings reveal that enterprises with a technological focus are strengthening their relationships with universities and attempting to build a university business ecosystem by designing strategies for value co-creation such as co-ownership, co-patenting, and co-invention.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical research is conducted in Spain, and results should be interpreted according to this context. Future research should examine new contexts (other countries) to improve the robustness of the data and enrich the results, thus enabling generalization of the management consequences.Originality/valueThe results provide a means to design strategies under a new collaborative and innovating logic. The theoretical framework contributes to theory, with implications for management.

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González-Tejero, Cristina Blanco, et Cayetano Medina Molina. « Training, corporate culture and organizational work models for the development of corporate entrepreneurship in SMEs ». Journal of Enterprising Communities : People and Places in the Global Economy 16, n^o 1 (7 février 2022) : 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-12-2021-0178.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of corporate entrepreneurship. To this end, the learning process of the individual in skills, competencies and agile methodologies is considered, as well as the influence of corporate culture, ways of working and organizational capabilities in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach This study was performed by means of an email survey questionnaire, conducted on 241 SMEs in Madrid and Guadalajara (Spain). The hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings The results yielded a positive and direct link between the organization and the training of business leaders in programs of skills and competencies, as well as between this training and corporate entrepreneurship processes carried out in the organization. However, there is an indirect relationship between organizational activity and processes of the organization and intrapreneurship activities. Research limitations/implications The research provides a practical contribution to the SME perspective and raises awareness of the importance of intrapreneurial activities for business development. Hence, it becomes relevant to focus on training plans that have a direct impact on the development of business innovations that lead to corporate entrepreneurship. Originality/value This research contributes to contextualize and enrich the literature on corporate entrepreneurship by addressing the gap related to corporate culture, innovation and skills, through a model that shows the relationship between the variables.

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Fedyshyn, I., et Favour Kelechi Ikeagwu. « Innovative component as a necessary factor for providing enterprises` development ». Socio-Economic Problems and the State 25, n^o 2 (2021) : 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/sepd2022.02.081.

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The article examines negative trends and issues of the tourism industry in the world, and in Europe in particular and studies the impact of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 virus on the functioning of tourism and hospitality agencies and firms. Travel and tourism's direct contribution to GDP in the World was approximately 2.9 trillion U.S. dollars in 2019. It was found that United States’ travel and tourism industry contributed the largest sum at 580.7 billion U.S. dollars in 2019. The impact of COVID-19 on tourism in Q1 2020 was 67 million fewer international tourist arrivals, 80 US$ billion lost in exports, 100% destinations with travel restrictions. All parts of the industry have been affected, from hotels, motels and resorts, to bed and breakfasts and home-sharing platforms like Airbnb. It was found that rural tourism is one of the factors that can be a fundament for economic recovery and development not only in EU, but in Ukraine as well. Ukrainian tourism and hospitality faced losses from quarantine and pandemics at $ 3-5 billion. Approximately 80% of hospitality establishments in Ukraine were small businesses, sole proprietors, that didn`t survive the quarantine. The number of nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments in rural areas for 2014-2019 in European Union and some most popular tourist destinations showed a slightly increase from 2014 till 2016 and from 2017 till 2019. In 2019, over 3,5 million domestic tourists and almost 900 thousand international tourists stayed in rural accommodations in Spain. Preventive measures and suggestions for the application of crisis management were submitted in this investigation aimed at increasing innovative flexibility within the enterprise, developing preparatory plans to avoid crisis situations and precautionary measures for their implementation were proposed in the article.

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KOSOV, Mikhail Evgenievich, Aleksandr Victorovich SIGAREV, Sergey Yuryevich POPKOV, Ksenia Valerievna EKIMOVA et Alexander Mikhailovich FEDOTOV. « International Practice of Provision of Guarantees for Implementation of Investment Projects ». Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, n^o 1 (31 mars 2020) : 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.1(47).13.

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Subject. State support for the country's economy, especially the support for its high-tech sector, is of great importance during a crisis. State guarantees are also one of the key instruments of state support for investment activity in Russia. Significant successful practice of using this instrument has been accumulated in Canada, Spain, the Netherlands, the USA, Turkey, Sweden, and Chile. The world experience indicates that the implementation of projects as public-private partnerships (PPP) leads to the completion of the project on time and in accordance with its budget more often than when implementing the project based on public funding only. Goals. The study is aimed at analysis of the mechanism of state guarantees in foreign countries, the conditions and consequences of their provision. Methods. The research methods include a review of the scientific literature in this area, synthesis and analysis of the information obtained, as well as comparison, formalization, and specification. Results. The practical implementation of state guarantees in foreign countries has been analyzed in the study. The specifics and the possibility of applying the best practices in Russia have been revealed. Conclusion. The fiscal legislation of Russia includes a developed system for regulating the provision of guarantees and establishes the requirements for the application and accounting of state guarantees that are very conservative in accordance with international standards. The application of the world practice in the creation of guarantee agencies in order to support small and medium-sized enterprises can have a positive effect on business activities. The need to diversify directions for the provision of state guarantees with a view to balanced economic development must also be noted.

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Martínez-Rodríguez, Susana. « Creating theSociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada : The Use of Legal Flexibility in Spanish Company Law, 1869–1953 ». Business History Review 90, n^o 2 (2016) : 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515001361.

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Spain approved the first law ofSociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada(SRL)—a legal form similar to the German GmbH—in 1953. However, the SRL had already been used, albeit without its own legislation, since the 1920s. How was this possible in a country whose legal system was based on civil law? Its 1885 Commercial Code lacked thenumerus claususprinciple for enterprise forms, a feature that gave entrepreneurs unusual freedom in organizing their firms, and in adopting new business forms not defined in the code. It also invites us to rethink the notion of rigidity in civil law.

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Safonchyk, Oksana, et Konstiantyn Vitman. « PROSPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE EU IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, n^o 4 (29 octobre 2019) : 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-4-212-220.

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In the world practice, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is recognized an important component of sustainable development strategy, for which reason governments of many countries pay considerable attention to the promotion of CSR ideas at the national level, creating favourable conditions for socially responsible behaviour of national and foreign enterprises. The author aims to analyse the experience of regulation of corporate social responsibility policy in the EU Member States, to show the practice of national governments of the EU Member States in the field of CSR, and to determine prospects of corporate social responsibility at the modern development stage in view of implementing the concept of sustainable development. Summarizing approaches to the definition of CSR, it can be emphasized that CSR should positively influence society, in which the enterprise operates. It is a free choice in favour of increasing the welfare and moral and ethical values of society through appropriate approaches to doing business. Relations between enterprises both in the European Union and in other countries are increasingly based on the principles of CSR. Compliance with these principles becomes an important prerequisite for attracting foreign investment and obtaining government orders. In the international context, CSR is an efficient instrument to develop partnership and cooperation of countries in the context of achieving the Millennium Development Goals, to control the negative influence of the industrial sector on ecology, to prevent social crises, as a consequence, to ensure sustainable development of the world civilisation. Among the European institutions, the European Commission’s committees play a key role in disseminating the idea of CSR. One of the main factors in strengthening the EU economy is considered precisely the stable growth based on the rational use of resources, ecology, and competition. Plans of the Strategy for 2012–2015–2020 clearly show that the European Union intends to strengthen control over economic management and “voluntarily oblige” the business to follow the rules of CSR. The goal of a new CSR Strategy is to create conditions favourable for sustainable development, responsible business conduct, and permanent employment in the medium and long term. Key changes in comparison with the policy for 2010 – definition of corporate social responsibility as “Responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society” and rejection of the principle of voluntariness: “the European Commission recognizes that some regulations stimulate CSR, therefore, public authorities should support the CSR development by applying a mix of voluntary and regulatory policies”. As the study showed, the governments of the EU countries are actively engaged in the development and promotion of corporate social responsibility. The role of the state is manifested in the implementation of the following key functions: the state as a legislator and a controlling authority; the state as an employer; the state as a consumer and a buyer; the state as a partner; the state as an institutional investor; the state as a participant in international relations. The most significant results have been achieved by those EU Member States that use the systemic approach to CSR development. In these countries, responsible state structures have been formed that coordinate work in all areas. The approach to the choice of instruments is individual and is selected taking into account the priorities of the country’s socio-economic development and the importance of economic, environmental, and social aspects. An example of Great Britain, France, Belgium, Estonia, and Spain shows the possibility of successful CSR development.

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Acosta Rubio, Zamira, Jaime Febles Acosta, Audrius Banaitis et Fernando A. F. Ferreira. « MANAGING COMMUNICATION AND PARTICIPATION IN CANARY ISLAND FIRMS ». E+M Ekonomie a Management 25, n^o 2 (juin 2022) : 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-2-005.

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Business organizations and management encompass a wide range of aspects requiring research and analysis. Two key issues are communications management and employee participation promotion within firms. This study focused on the variables of communication and participation in organizational structure, business decision making, transmission of orders, supervision, and control in small and micro-enterprises in the Canary Islands, Spain. The research examined the two variables’ ability to generate increased involvement in and employee identification with their firm. The analytical framework applied sought to investigate Canarian managers’ criteria and priorities regarding using communication and participation as management tools. The methodology included the Rasch analysis technique. The study analyses seven variables considered relevant in relation to communication that are communication between management and workers, fluid and informal communication, use of information technology in internal communication, access of all workers to new information technology, linking/relationship systems between units of the same level, linking/relationship systems between units of different levels and the existence of information disseminated as a tool. Likewise, among the variables related to participation, twelve variables recognized as relevant in the literature are analysed. These variables are setting specific objectives for workers, individual initiative, cooperation, decentralization of decision making, control, participation in decision making, participation in setting objectives, workers' autonomy in decision making when carrying out their work, initiative in their work, control of their work, commitment and involvement of managers in daily work and delegation of authority to lower levels. The predominance of small businesses, in many cases managed by their owners, allows us to appreciate a vertical communication based on direct supervision, from top to bottom. The results reveal a poorly balanced combination of communication and participation systems in Canarian firms. These marked imbalances have consequences for managers’ coordination mechanisms and potential for effectively managing their firms.

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Hochleitner, Franciane, Anna Arbussà et Germà Coenders. « Evolution of inbound openness profiles in the innovation practices of small and medium-sized enterprises in Spain and Portugal ». International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 24, n^o 1 (2020) : 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2020.105281.

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Rudawska, Edyta. « Sustainable marketing strategy in food and drink industry : a comparative analysis of B2B and B2C SMEs operating in Europe ». Journal of Business & ; Industrial Marketing 34, n^o 4 (7 juin 2019) : 875–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2018-0171.

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Purpose The paper aims to make a contribution by providing a comprehensive understanding of the scope of the implementation of sustainable marketing tools in SMEs operating in the food and drink industry in Europe. The focus will be put on the identification of differences between companies operating in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer (B2C) context. Design/methodology/approach The empirical basis is a survey of 770 European SMEs, of which 369 operate in Western European countries (including UK, Germany and Spain) and 401 in Central and Eastern Europe (including Poland, Croatia and Russia). The respondents in the particular countries were stratified according to company size, measured by the number of employees. The research covered 316 micro companies, 5 small companies and 209 medium ones. The questionnaire was completed by the managing directors of the enterprises (CEOs) or heads of the marketing departments (CMOs). The research was conducted between April 2016 and January 2017. An in-depth analysis of the findings helped to identify differences between the two groups of SMEs, i.e. operating in the B2B and B2C context, in terms of the extent of sustainable marketing implementation. The non-parametric U Mann–Whitney test was used to examine the significance of the differences between the two groups of companies. Findings The research results suggest that both groups of B2B and B2C companies implement sustainable marketing tools to some extent. However, in most cases, B2B organizations do it to a significantly greater extent. Nevertheless, these activities relate mainly to those tools, which are directly visible to customers, both institutional and individual, such as packaging, product ingredients or certificates. To a lesser extent, they involve marketing activities of an internal nature, such as production process and the level of energy, water or resources used. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the author, this is the first empirical research study on the implementation of the sustainable marketing concept in SMEs operating in European countries. The study is a comparative analysis of the phenomenon between B2B and B2C companies, which has not been previously researched.

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Ibrahimov, Zohrab, Sakina Hajiyeva, Vuqar Nazarov, Azar Mazanov et Jalil Baghirov. « Quality and Innovations in the Financial Reporting as a Way to Increase Attractiveness for Institutional Investors ». Marketing and Management of Innovations 2, n^o 1 (2022) : 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.2-22.

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At the present stage of global development there is a transition from understanding the financial statements of enterprises not only as a source of quantitative indicators of the company's development but also as a reputable tool for its reliability and readiness for transparent relations with counterparties. Investment decision-making has always been characterized by balancing profitability and reliability of capital investment. Accordingly, this requires increasing emphasis on the quality and complexity of companies' financial reporting, allowing you to maximize the amount of information provided to potential investors. The article aims to test the hypothesis about the impact of qualitative characteristics of financial reporting on the attractiveness of companies to investors. The study analyzes the evolution of financial reporting, the causes and consequences of innovative approaches to its preparation, and the dissemination of national and international standards. The second stage of the analysis involves modeling the impact of financial reporting and investment attractiveness of enterprises at the national level through economic and mathematical modeling (the specificity of the model is determined by testing the quantitative input data). According to the results of the study of financial reporting quality indicators, the general parameter is the strength of auditing and reporting standards, which the World Economic Forum assesses based on a survey of business leaders. Indicators of the country's investment attractiveness calculated by the World Bank's global statistical base were chosen as dependent variables. Calculations are performed on panel data for a sample of more than 20 countries (Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Morocco, Mexico, Mongolia, New Zealand, Romania, Turkey, United States) over ten years. The obtained results of calculations are the basis for finding ways to improve further the quality of financial and nonfinancial disclosure of companies to increase their competitiveness in the investment market.

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Bretos, Ignacio, et Anjel Errasti. « Challenges and opportunities for the regeneration of multinational worker cooperatives : Lessons from the Mondragon Corporation—a case study of the Fagor Ederlan Group ». Organization 24, n^o 2 (1 août 2016) : 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508416656788.

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Organisations with alternative structures have been forced to grow internationally in order to remain competitive in the current global context. Some of the industrial cooperatives that belong to the Mondragon Corporation have since the 1990s followed internationalisation strategies that have increased their competitiveness, the number of their employees and their ability to create wealth. However, these moves have also called into question the founding nature of these enterprises. Recently, the Corporation itself has adopted a discourse based on strengthening workers’ participation in capitalist subsidiaries, but to date, the initiatives taken by its multinational cooperatives have been few and the results not particularly impressive. This article investigates this disconnect, delving into the problems of replicating the cooperative model in these subsidiaries and seeking solutions. It focuses on the case of Fagor Ederlan (Mondragon Corporation), examining the efforts to transform capitalist subsidiaries, especially the ‘cooperativisation’ of the Fagor subsidiary in Tafalla (Spain), which is the biggest regeneration project in Mondragon’s Industrial Division. This work also contributes to the broader field of organisational theory by analysing the tensions and opportunities for regeneration in worker-owned organisations under the current globalised context.

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Kučera, Zdeněk, Tomáš Vondrák et Odřej Pecha. « Research and development in the field of Artificial Intelligence in EU framework programmes ». ERGO 14, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2019) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ergo-2019-0005.

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Abstract The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the cooperation of the European countries in projects related to the AI in the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) and in the current Horizon 2020 Programme. The analysis is based on the information obtained from European Commission database eCORDA (External COmmon Research DAtawarehouse). Dynamic scientometric maps were constructed to describe in more detail the collaboration of European subjects in the EC funded AI research. Within the FP7, 1223 projects in the AI field received roughly 2,8 billion €. In the current H2020 programme the EC has already provided 2,1 billion € for 1081 projects in AI. In the FP7, higher education institutions dominated in both the number of awarded project and the received financial support. In the H2020 programme, a profound shift favouring business enterprise sector occurred. Approximately one third of AI projects in the FP7 was in the thematic area Information and Communication Technologies. In the H2020 programme the EC extended the support further to other thematic areas including global societal challenges especially in the field of transport and security. The extent of the involvement of the member countries varies extensively. The countries above average participating in the AI projects are Germany, Italy, Austria, Spain, Portugal, and Slovenia. The Czech Republic falls in the group of less participating countries. The Czech Republic also exhibits a smaller increase of the participation between RP7 and H2020. Universities involved in approximately two thirds of AI project have dominated in the Czech participation in the FP7. In the H2020 program their share in the AI project decreased by approximately 10 percent points. On the other side, their share of financial support was conserved. The most participating universities were the Czech Technical University Prague (24 projects, and 30% share of the EC contribution for the Czech AI projects) and the Brno University of Technology (14 projects, and 12,4% financial share). In the business enterprise sector Honeywell International s. r. o. attained the highest participation. The Czech subjects collaborate most frequently with German, British, Italian and French research teams.

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Kovalskaya, Lesya, Lyubov Chorna, Halyna Shchuka, Lesya Polova et Vitaliy Mykhailyuk. « IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM 2020 ». GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, n^o 61 (2021) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2021.61.3-11.

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Aim: to analyze the sanitary-epidemiological situation in the world and in Ukraine, through the prism of political and economic planes both in the middle of the country and in neighboring countries; to determine the impact of the pandemic on the economy globally and domestically, in particular on the service sector, namely, the tourism industry. Methodology - the study of the impact of Covid-19 on tourism and socio-economic development of the country is based on a combination of methods of sectoral and territorial analysis. In particular, a systematic approach is used for the study using methods of comparison, statistical, analytical, etc. Results - the article states that the tourism image of the titan countries of the tourism business has lost its position in international and domestic markets against the background of the deployment of an infectious disease - Covid-19, which in scale and number of victims went into a pandemic. A number of measures to minimize economic and financial defaults in the tourism industry are presented on the example of the countries of the Republic of Poland and Bulgaria. At the international level, mass events, competitions, contests, etc. have been abolished and postponed indefinitely, vehicle restrictions have been restricted, hotels and entertainment establishments have been suspended, the movement of citizens has been restricted and strict quarantine measures have been carried out within individual countries. The authors found that the pandemic was hit hard by countries whose economies depend on the service sector, including the tourism industry. It is statistically presented that Ukraine, whose economy does not depend on the development of tourism, can get revenge on the domestic tourism market, which is associated with the forced suspension of international migration flows, passenger traffic and the initial development of active tourism and ecotourism. And thanks to the introduction of quarantine measures in the internetization and modernization of communications to present the unique natural heritage of the country and emphasize the quality of the tourist product. It was found that the introduction of quarantine measures on the one hand led to the minimization of diseases during the pandemic, and on the other - to the economic collapse (the work of enterprises was suspended, a significant number of migrant workers returned home). At the same time, economic stagnation in some countries has also led to the greening of the environment, such as China, Spain, Italy and others. Scientific novelty was discovered for the first time that Covid-19 emphasized the importance of the digital paradigm both in the creation of a tourist product, a simplified procedure for its access, and in its virtual presentation and the benefits of pricing policy. The relationship in the field of service (seller-buyer) received a challenge of integrity and emphasized the individuality of the consumer. Practical importance. Publication materials, conclusions can be used in writing dissertations, monographs, as well as tourism entities in the period of monetary and material collapse in order to develop the information and communication sphere - as a new impetus to the development of domestic tourism.

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Shumak, Ljudmila. « ENGINEERING LABOUR MARKET IN CONSTRUCTION IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD ». Three Seas Economic Journal 1, n^o 4 (28 décembre 2020) : 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-4-23.

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The purpose of the article is to analyse the engineering labour market on the example of the profession of design engineer in modern conditions of the construction market in Ukraine and abroad. It is also necessary to study the formation of the integrated view of the structure, state and dynamics of the labour market in design enterprises; qualification requirements for engineers; compliance of the vocational education system with these requirements. Design is a type of labour activity in construction as a branch of professional activity. The article contains statistical indicators of wages that characterize the profession of design engineer, and innovative activities of design enterprises. The indicator of the level of innovative development of design enterprises is the quality of products (projects). One of the main characteristics of design is the price of the product. It includes the Customer’s assessment of all other design properties. Pricing issues have been and continue to be one of the guiding problems of the country’s construction industry, including design and the salaries of design engineers. Methodology. The design market in Ukraine has a situation that reflects the overall state of the construction industry. The development of this type of business and its participants is differently influenced by many factors. Project market participants in Ukraine can be classified: by the form of ownership – state departmental institutions and commercial structures; by the volume of work – design enterprises and design institutes that act as general designers, who mainly perform all stages of the project. Architectural workshops, mainly specializing in the stages of “sketch project” and “project”; design departments at the construction and assembly organizations performing stages “working design”, “working documentation”, separate sections of projects or only detailing for production. There were about 70 design enterprises and about 200 architectural workshops in Kyiv in 2016, according to the Association of Design Enterprises. The potential of Ukraine as a “technical” state, that is able to solve complex problems and generate complex solutions and products with high added value, is due to the potential of the educational field of technical direction. Accordingly, in 2016 in Ukraine, the relative number of graduates of technical specialties was 2 times more than in the UK or Poland, namely, in European countries, thousands of people: Ukraine – 130; France – 105; Germany – 93; Turkey – 75; Great Britain – 71; Poland – 66; Spain – 56; Italy – 48; Romania – 39. In 2015-2016, training in the fields of construction specialties in Ukraine was carried out by 49 higher education institutions. Today, one of the shortcomings of education is the lack of modern curricula; technical fields are getting excessively humanitarian and detachment from practice, in particular, the application of European standards. Some Western academic subjects are not taught in Ukrainian universities at all, which reduces the competitiveness of graduates. Certification of responsible executors of design works in construction in 2012 was a significant step towards the liberalization of the market of design services. The responsibility of engineers was personified and strengthened, but at the same time their object and financial possibilities were increased. As of December 2015, more than 22,000 design engineers have been certified in Ukraine. It can be stated that for the period 2016-2019, a fairly developed market of design services has been formed in Ukraine. Its key features are the attraction to large cities, diversification by specialties and grounds on the existing, including the Soviet, experience, as well as concentration and duplication of functions, in particular, design institutes by the commercial sector, etc. Significant potential is due to intellectual capacity, diversity of tasks and the accumulated practice of Ukrainian designers, which provides certain advantages in the international market of design services. Today, the customer is moving away from design technologies, which means that the designer’s work must be built in such a way that the customer understands the need for investment at the design stage of the facility, taking into account further operation. The lack of design and the need to revise salaries affects the value of real estate. The lack of engineers affects the organization of construction and the market as a whole. Increasing the salaries of design engineers, creating more favourable working conditions lead to an increase in the cost of construction work from 9 to 15%. Understanding the difficulties faced by the design industry, it is logical to think about the ways to overcome them in the near future. Conclusion. Nowadays, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis of the engineering labour market in construction allows to understand the innovative activity of the project enterprise and to mark the course of further development of the market of design services in Ukraine. Reducing unhealthy competition among designers is possible due to new approaches to work aimed at optimizing and improving the performance of design companies. Stories of design engineers having to leave their favourite profession to make a living are a thing of the past. Now it is a prestigious and profitable speciality. To be relevant in the profession, you must, first of all, learn foreign languages, read technical literature in English. Self-education, i.e. the ability to independently search and analyse information, to develop oneself as a specialist, is of great importance. High erudition is a quality possessed by the Soviet-era engineers and often lacking in many modern design engineers. At the same time, it is of great importance because the building is a single organism, and the design engineer must understand not only construction, but also related fields. The main feature that distinguishes a design engineer is a certain mindset. And the work must be highly paid for this. Considering the issue of the engineering labour market in Ukraine, it is safe to say that there are temporary professions that are in vogue, and there are those that will always be in demand, and the profession of design engineer is one of them.

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Matlay, Harry. « Editorial : international enterprise and entrepreneurship education ». Education + Training 63, n^o 7/8 (1 novembre 2021) : 965–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-09-2021-370.

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Williams-Gascon, Ann. « Legal Insights To International Business In Spain ». Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 8, n^o 1 (18 octobre 2011) : 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v8i1.6195.

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Arnold, Denis G. « Global Justice and International Business ». Business Ethics Quarterly 23, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20132315.

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ABSTRACT:Little theoretical attention has been paid to the question of what obligations corporations and other business enterprises have to the four billion people living at the base of the global economic pyramid. This article makes several theoretical contributions to this topic. First, it is argued that corporations are properly understood as agents of global justice. Second, the legitimacy of global governance institutions and the legitimacy of corporations and other business enterprises are distinguished. Third, it is argued that a deliberative democracy model of corporate legitimacy defended by theorists of political CSR is unsatisfactory. Fourth, it is argued that a Rawlsian theoretical framework fails to provide a satisfactory account of the obligations of corporations regarding global justice. Finally, an ethical conception of CSR grounded in an appropriately modest set of duties tied to corporate relationships is then defended. This position is cosmopolitan in scope and grounded in overlapping arguments for human rights.

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Ibrahim, Zalina, Firdaus Abdullah et Azman Ismail. « International Business Competence and Small and Medium Enterprises ». Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 224 (juin 2016) : 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.402.

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Gorina, G, O. « RATING ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURIST BUSINESS ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY ». VISNYK оf Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhailo Tugan-Baranovsky 69, n^o 2 (2018) : 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4819-2018-69-2-62-69.

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Argandoña, Antonio. « Business Ethics in Modern Spain ». Business Ethics : A European Review 5, n^o 1 (janvier 1996) : 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.1996.tb00128.x.

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Ferreira, Manuel Portugal, Dan Li, Stephen Guisinger et Fernando A. Ribeiro Serra. « Is the International Business Environment the actual context for international business research ? » Revista de Administração de Empresas 49, n^o 3 (septembre 2009) : 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-75902009000300004.

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The International Business Environment (IBE) has been argued to be the essential context for international business (IB) studies and the distinguishing factor from other management studies and studies of large enterprises. Two content analysis show that many papers published in top tier IB journals either lack reference to any dimension of the IBE or tend to be uni-or bi-dimensional when addressing the IBE; it is not a surprise that the cultural dimension is the most often used. We suggest that: (a) there is need to developed more uni-and multi-dimensional environmental constructs; (b) a more holistic view of the IBE provides richer insights on the actual complexity underlying IB research. Future studies that provide more comprehensive models of the IBE that overcome the usual broad classifications of the international environment as undefined and uncontrollable factors are warranted to advance conceptual and empirical research.

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Tzeng, Rueyling. « International Labor Migration through Multinational Enterprises ». International Migration Review 29, n^o 1 (mars 1995) : 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900107.

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This research studies international migration of company transferees. The main purposes are to address how their individual characteristics have influences on their overseas assignment and what kinds of migration patterns are created by the multinational business enterprises. U.S. firms in Taiwan are the primary study focus. By using both quantitative and qualitative data, the results show that although an overseas appointment is mainly based on individual competence, nationality, ethnicity and gender also play crucial roles. And multinationals are important channels for sustainable, return and circular migration.

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Chaikova, Olena, et Yana Barabash. « RESEARCH OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS OF PRODUCERS OF YEAST PRODUCTS ». Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), n^o 2 (21 avril 2021) : 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2021.2.84.

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The article studies the activities of yeast industry enterprises in the world markets. The given characteristics of yeast production and its systematization. Highlighting the world producers of yeast products, as well as the largest enterprises producing various types of yeast in Ukraine. Using the method of collecting and processing data, an analysis of the activities of yeast producers in international markets was carried out. The Ukrainian yeast companies and their presence in the world markets are considered in more detail. The leaders of the international yeast industry market are characterized. The volumes of yeast production in Ukraine are analyzed. Focused on the research of the company "Company BALEX". Discovered to which countries the company is exporting, as well as the main trading countries the partners of this company. The strengths and weaknesses of the company, as well as the opportunities and threats for the international business of the company producing and selling yeast products, have been identified. Forecasts made for the development of export activities of yeast industry enterprises. The growth of this market is mainly due to an increase in demand for food products such as baked goods (bread, rolls, donuts, pizza, etc.) and beverages (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) that contain special yeast as a main ingredient. Conclusions are made about the feasibility of increasing production volumes and increasing competitiveness in order to expand the export activities of enterprises that produce and sell yeast products.

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Alfaro Saiz, Juan Jose, Angel Ortiz Bas, Raul Poler Escoto et Ruben Dario Franco. « Performance measurement for e-business enterprises ». International Journal of Business Performance Management 4, n^o 2/3/4 (2002) : 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpm.2002.000120.

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Argandoiia, Antonio. « Ethics in Business : Problems in Spain ». Business Ethics : A European Review 1, n^o 1 (janvier 1992) : 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.1992.tb00178.x.

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Cory, Michael John. « Connecting users to trusted geospatial information for Europe ». Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15 juillet 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-52-2019.

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Abstract. In recent years, we have seen an explosion in location-based services. Whether it is maps, cadastral data or land registration, geospatial information is driving applications to realise social, economic and environmental benefits for us all. Yet in the age of ‘Big Data’ and the ‘Internet of Things’, how can we know which data sources are reliable and how easy is it to find accurate, high-quality and detailed information that we can trust? Knowing that reliable sources exist, and where to obtain them, is essential for governments and those making critical decisions that affect all our lives. As the official bodies responsible for national cadastre, land registration, geodetic surveying and mapping activities in Europe, European national mapping and cadastral agencies (NMCAs) fulfil an essential role providing definitive and detailed geospatial information. In an ever-changing world, NMCAs play an important and often critical role in helping to address the key global and regional issues that affect society, such as climate change, sustainable development, a digital economy, migration, security and health. With these challenges extending beyond national borders, society now expects a borderless digital economy and property market, as well as fully connected national databases for stronger cross-border emergency planning and environmental monitoring. As their membership association, EuroGeographics is committed to supporting European NMCAs as they improve access to their rich source of trusted, authoritative geospatial information. EuroGeographics is an independent international not-for-profit organisation representing Europe’s National Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authorities. We believe in a society empowered by the use of trusted geospatial services from these official national sources. EuroGeographics strength lies in our extensive membership and we are proud to represent more than 60 organisations from 46 countries covering the whole of geographical Europe. We deliver benefits for each regardless of the geographical, technical, political, organisational, linguistic and business parameters in which they work. We support the public good by representing our members’ interests, maintaining networks that help our members improve their capabilities and role, and by facilitating access to and use of our members’ geospatial data and services. EuroGeographics’ has the strategic objective of facilitating access to our members’ authoritative data for international users of harmonised, pan-European, geospatial information and services. It coordinates the compilation and production of pan-European datasets, and has been active in exploring the development of online services. The Open European Location Services (Open ELS) project has developed services to demonstrate and test the level of interest in pan-European authoritative geospatial information. EuroGeographics has coordinated this two-year project which was co-financed by the European Union’s Connecting Europe Facility working with partners from member organisations in Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden and The Netherlands. The Project has focused on facilitating access to, and encouraging the take up and use of this information, and is strongly user orientated with a programme of activities to support the digital economy. As well as test services, an Open ELS data policy has been developed which applies only to the geospatial pan-European data and services developed and maintained by EuroGeographics and its members through the Open ELS Project. The Policy was drafted using research which revealed the scope of open geospatial data from official national sources across Europe, and revealed the diversity of policy, business and legal approaches across Europe to what is ‘open’ data. Additional research, carried out by Deloitte and EuroGeographics, found that small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe have a strong appetite for more cross-border authoritative data which could help them improve their product and service offerings, save money and become more competitive. The research highlighted four potential benefits from providing harmonised single access to pan-European geospatial information: The possibility to improve existing products and services offering; the possibility to develop new products and services; the reduced time and costs of dealing with different national mapping and cadastral agencies; and the reduced time and costs for acquiring and accessing data. Key findings from these research activities will be presented, along with an outline of the project, and what it has achieved.

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Malyarets, Lуudmyla, Mimo Draskovic, Vitalina Babenko, Zoya Kochuyeva et Oleksandr Dorokhov. « Theory and practice of controlling at enterprises in international business ». Economic Annals-ХХI 165, n^o 5-6 (octobre 2017) : 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v165-19.

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Sumigar, Bernhard Ruben Fritz. « Business Enterprises Activities in Arms Industry Sector : International Law Overview ». terAs Law Review : Jurnal Hukum Humaniter dan HAM 2, n^o 1 (12 décembre 2020) : 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/teras-lrev.v1i2.6772.

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In the current era of Revolution Industry 4.0, the advance of technology is indeed influenced the rapid development of arms industry. This supported by the arms companies’ contribution in supplying weapons to the warring parties. Nevertheless, such indirect participation in armed conflicts is marred by serious violations of human rights and the law of armed conflicts. By virtue of this reasoning, this article is present to evaluate whether these arms companies are bound by international law. The author observed that there are certain provisions under International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law that can be applied for mitigating, as well as preventing these companies for not conducting any activities with similar nature in the near future.

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Silva, José Ultemar da. « The enterprises reorganization in the international trade ». Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 2, n^o 1 (11 décembre 2007) : 07–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v2i1.20.

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This present article aims to make an approach to the international trade, showing the competitiveness in the business world, as well as the companies/enterprises need in preparing themselves to face the great competition in the international trade, into a more and more globalized and competitive environment. At the ending 90’s, facing to crises and so many other economic models, some Brazilian enterprises began to adopt an undertaken-mindedness searching insertion in the global market.

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Mariam Girsiashvili, Mariam Girsiashvili. « New Challenge for Business - Financial Reporting ». New Economist 16, n^o 03 (28 janvier 2022) : 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/nec62-6303-042021-79.

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In the 21st century, international accounting standards are being introduced in more and more countries, which is a way of comparing the economic indicators of countries in the world economy. Many enterprises around the world submit financial statements to external customers. Although the financial statements of different countries are similar to each other, there are still some differences between them, which is due to many social, economic and legislative factors. Also, the creation of national accounting standards in these countries takes into account the interests of different categories of financial reporting users. These differences are the reason why the financial statements of all enterprises are accompanied by explanatory notes, which provide an explanation of each element of the financial statements in accordance with the accounting policies of the enterprise. Reducing these differences is the goal of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The purpose of this article is to review the impact of the changes for enterprises registered in Georgia. Enterprises registered in Georgia from 2019 will face various obligations, which have led to changes in Georgian tax legislation and the introduction of international accounting standards. Accordingly, the management of the company focused on bringing each operation carried out in the company in compliance with international standards and Georgian legislation. The purpose of financial reporting is to create a transparent and trustworthy business environment in the country. From 2019, enterprises will submit financial statements to the Accounting, Supervision and Audit Supervision Service. The submitted report is important for creating a transparent business environment and allows the country to be more informed, to have information about the current economic situation in the country. Consequently more submitted reports are important to get information about the economic situation of the country. The information presented in the article builds on the experience gained over the last 4 years, which includes the provision of financial reporting services in various sectors. Surveys conducted by company management and accountants and experience gained in preparing financial statements have had a significant impact on the findings in this article. Keywords: Financial Reporting, International Standard, Certified Accountant.

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Gurkov, Igor, Elena Avraamova, Galina Boulychkina et Giorgio Inzerilli. « Russian Enterprises’ Adaptation to New Business Realities ». International Studies of Management & ; Organization 27, n^o 1 (mars 1997) : 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1997.11656701.

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Pölling, Bernd, María-José Prados, Bianca Maria Torquati, Giulia Giacchè, Xavier Recasens, Chiara Paffarini, Oscar Alfranca et Wolf Lorleberg. « Business models in urban farming : A comparative analysis of case studies from Spain, Italy and Germany ». Moravian Geographical Reports 25, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2017) : 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0015.

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Abstract The “Urban Agriculture Europe” EU COST-Action (2012–2016) has shown that the complexity of urban agriculture (UA) is hardly compressible into classic business management models and has proposed new management models, such as the Business Model Canvas (BMC). Business models of UA have to be different from rural ones. In particular, factors such as differentiation and diversification, but also low cost-oriented specialisation, are characteristic and necessary business models for UA to stay profitable in the long term under challenging city conditions. This paper aims to highlight how farm enterprises have to adjust to urban conditions by stepping into appropriate business models aiming to stay competitive and profitable, and how the BMC is useful to analyse their organisation and performance, both economically and socially. The paper offers an inter-regional analysis of UA enterprises located in Spain, Italy, and Germany, which are further subdivided into: local food, leisure, educational, social, therapeutic, agri-environmental, cultural heritage and experimental farms. The analysis demonstrates that UA is differentially adjusted to specific urban conditions and that the BMC is useful for analysing urban farming. Heterogeneous local food farms and the integration of local and organic food production in social farming business models are most frequent in our case studies.

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Tanasiichuk, Alona, Svetlana Kovalchuk, Olha Hromova, Hryhorenko Inna et Fedortsova Olena. « Evaluation of the Convergence of International Markets for Agricultural Enterprises of Ukraine under International Diversification Conditions ». European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n^o 2 (1 juin 2020) : 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p467.

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It is proposed the classification of indicators of convergence assessment of international markets for determining their marketing attractiveness for the enterprise, which includes absolute and relative indicators of measurement of general statistical data, evaluation of factors of production, information on products and services, dynamic indicators and convergence indicators used by enterprises for the search of new international markets. In the expert assessment of convergence indicators, the markets of foreign countries, the indicators of which are as close as possible to the Ukrainian economy, are distinguished, the result of the assessment allowed to draw conclusions about the marketing opportunities of domestic enterprises in the conditions of the export of goods to the markets of these countries. As the analysis of practical aspects of the functioning of agricultural enterprises and their associations results, a scientific and methodical approach to a comprehensive convergence of agricultural enterprises activities of Ukraine assessment under the conditions of international diversification has been developed. The proposed approach is based on the method of summing up the ranks to rank foreign markets according to the system of dynamic indicators application, which allowed to determine the marketing attractiveness of new international markets for the domestic enterprises activity in these markets and to assess their convergence. As the application of the proposed approach result, foreign markets have been identified which demonstrate favorable conditions for doing business on them, indicating the convergent conditions existence, which is a prerequisite for domestic agricultural enterprises to the markets of these countries release, and also determines the factors and criteria for making managerial decisions regarding realization of domestic agrarian enterprises activity under international diversification conditions. It is proved that the markets of Belgium, Italy, Ireland, Switzerland, and Japan have demonstrated favorable conditions for doing business with them, indicating a significant convergence of markets in these countries. It is determined that the markets of Greece and China are promising for domestic enterprises in the presence of opportunities to overcome a significant margin of discretion. Keywords: convergence, international diversification, international markets marketing attractiveness, convergence evaluation of international markets

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Guinnane, Timothy W., et Susana Martínez-Rodríguez. « Cooperatives before cooperative law : business law and cooperatives in Spain, 1869-1931 ». Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 29, n^o 1 (10 mars 2011) : 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610911000012.

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AbstractStudies of Spanish cooperatives date their spread from the Law on Agrarian Syndicates of 1906. But the first legislative appearance of cooperatives is an 1869 measure that permitted general incorporation for lending companies. The 1931 general law on cooperatives, the first act permitting the formation of cooperatives in any activity, reflects the gradual disappearance of the cooperative's «business» characteristics. In this paper, we trace the Spanish cooperative's legal roots in business law and its connections to broader questions of the freedom of association, the formation of joint-stock enterprises and the liability of investors in business and cooperative entities. Our account underscores the similarities of the organizational problems approach by cooperatives and business firms, while at the same time respecting the distinctive purposes cooperatives served.

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Tsai, J., et H. Y. Hung. « International brand strategy of Taiwanese hi-tech enterprises ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 2 (7 janvier 2008) : 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/903-agricecon.

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This paper compares two Taiwanese high-tech enterprises, Acer and Trend Micro, which choose different international brand marketing strategies due to the diverse managing types and product characteristics. The hardware products and business software sold by Acer and Trend Micro are discussed to reveal their international brand development and marketing strategy. The research findings can be provided for different enterprises for decision-making when they consider their internationalization and brand strategy.

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Tanasiichuk, Alona, Olha Hromova, Anastasiia Abdullaieva, Yulia Holovchuk et Kateryna Sokoliuk. « Influence of Transformational Economic Processes on Marketing Management by an International Diversified Conglomerate Enterprise ». European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2019) : 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p448.

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In this article it is substantiated the necessity of radical changes study in the practice of domestic agricultural enterprises managing, creation of a new functional and organizational structure that will maximally facilitate the marketing strategy of business diversification by the agrarian enterprise of Ukraine. It is analyzed agrarian enterprises efficiency of activity under the conditions of the transformation processes, it is determined that the leaders of the domestic and world markets of agrarian products are agroholdings with a rigid management structure, and their marketing goals are a decisive factor while making choice of markets under the conditions of diversification activities. It is substantiated that the formation of an international diversified company of agrarian business provides equally to participating enterprises the use of common resources, redistribution of resources between structural units operating on one financial result, the possible loss of one enterprise is compensated by the profit of the group as a whole. Reformation of agrarian enterprises of Ukraine process is analyzed; in particular, in the case of farms in the context of international business diversification; it is determined the necessity of creating a new organizational structure of management by the agrarian enterprise. It is grounded the creation of a functional and organizational mechanism for an international diversified conglomerate enterprise activity in order to ensure the stability of its functioning under the conditions of the transformation processes.It is proposed a new structure of functional and organizational management an international diversified conglomerate company on the basis of the developed marketing mechanism of enterprise management under the conditions of international diversification. It is substantiated that in Ukraine, the formation of such new international diversified conglomerate enterprises from small enterprises, by grouping farms (which by their number in Ukraine is most) will provide a positive result from overcoming the grinding of domestic agrarian business, consolidation of the agrarian sector and creating the opportunity to benefit from the budget of Ukraine from international diversified conglomerate business structures. Keywords: transformational economic processes, international marketing, globalization, marketing management, international diversified conglomerate enterprise, business consolidation.

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Puhachova, M. V. « Using International Ranks and Business Activity Indicators for Economic Development Forecasting ». Statistics of Ukraine 83, n^o 4 (17 décembre 2018) : 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.4(83)2018.04.04.

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The majority of countries use several well-known integral indicators for economic forecasting purposes, on which basis these countries’ ranks in the global economic community are computed. Apart from allowing investors to make investment decisions, such indicators and ranks help in forecasting economic development in forthcoming periods. The best known of them is Ease of Doing Business Index and Global Competitiveness Index. The less known ones are indicators of Business Tendency Surveys (BTS), computed on the basis of data obtained from questionings of enterprise managers in various economic sectors and from studies of consumer sentiments. Yet, specialists tend to use the data from these conjuncture surveys to analyze the current economic situation in a country (total or by industry) and build short-term forecasts. Apart from the survey indicators depicting quite clearly a situation in the economy, the most popular ones in Europe are Confidence Indicators for enterprises by economic activity, and Economic Sentiment Indicator incorporating the indicators from BTS of enterprises and consumer sentiments. These indicators are computed by the European Commission for EU member countries on monthly basis. The article shows changes in Doing Business ranks for selected EU member countries and Ukraine. BTS indicators for industrial enterprises (estimate of production capacities; estimate of change in the production orders; estimate of the competitive position of enterprises at the internal market) are analyzed for some of these countries. A comparison of the dynamics of production capacities utilization, business confidence indicators and Doing Business rank is made for Ukraine and Bulgaria. The prognosticating capacities of BTS indicators compared with Doing Business indicator are analyzed.

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