Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « International business enterprises – Political aspects »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "International business enterprises – Political aspects"
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Tao, Weijia. « Research on the Enterprise Environment of Clothing Company ». Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 32, no 1 (10 novembre 2023) : 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/32/20231601.
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The business activities of any enterprise are conducted in the international market, which is influenced by various factors such as international politics, the economy, and so on. An enterprise environment can create opportunities for a business and can also pose a threat to a business. Therefore, in order for an enterprise to develop for a long time, it must study the environment and actively adapt to it. This article examines the environmental problems of clothing companies and analyzes the degree to which different clothing companies implement the environment on their websites, with the aim of providing effective measures for enterprises to adapt to the environment and long-term development. To analyze and evaluate the environment of a garment enterprise, first of all, it depends on the physical environment of the enterprise, clothing materials or the implementation effect of external publicity. The second is to analyze the enterprise environment. Enterprise environment analysis includes macro-environment analysis and micro-environment analysis. For the macroenvironment of an enterprise, it is necessary to grasp the political, economic, technological and social and cultural aspects.
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Bondaruk, Vladyslav, et Valentyn Talakh. « Financial performance of external economic activities of enterprises under force majeure circumstances ». Galician economic journal 86, no 1 (2024) : 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2024.01.090.
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The article examines the specifics of ensuring effective financial performance of foreign economic activities of enterprises in the conditions of force majeure and dynamic changes in the business environment. It was determined that in the context of globalization and the instability of the world economic environment, modern enterprises face various challenges and threats, which include systemic economic crises, natural disasters, political and military conflicts, and other force majeure events. The key aspects of the influence of force majeure circumstances on the financial performance of business entities in the foreign economic sphere are considered. The functional strategies of risk management were analyzed and the measures that could be aimed at ensuring the stability of enterprises in crisis situations were determined. The role of financial planning, liquidity management and financial analysis in the conditions of unfavorable business conditions of enterprises is studied. The peculiarities of adaptation of the financial management of enterprises to changes in the external environment are determined, and the criteria of optimal strategies for ensuring the stability and efficiency of the economic activity of enterprises in conditions of force majeure are formulated. The objective need of business entities to provide tools to effectively manage financial performance in conditions of increasing uncertainty and risks on the international market has been proven. The impact of force majeure on international financial markets and their reaction to changes in the economic environment is studied. The impact of crisis situations on the financial aspects of enterprise activity is analyzed. The practical aspect of ensuring the ability of enterprises to successfully adapt their economic activities to force majeure circumstances and ensuring the stability of foreign economic activity is considered. The principles of risk management, which are key elements of a successful strategy and backup planning of enterprises, have been studied, on the basis of which the most effective approaches to managing financial performance in unstable conditions have been determined.
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Dmytryk, Olga, Kateryna Yefremova et Anhelina Beztsinna. « Factors of the formation of international business in modern conditions ». Law and innovations, no 4 (44) (17 décembre 2023) : 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2023-4(44)-11.
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Problem setting. The globalization of international business relations, as well as the integration and internationalization of international business structures, together with the need for continuous bilateral participation of business and the state in the formation of international economic relations, have given rise to new trends in the structural transformation of the world economy. In modern conditions, international business is one of the most important factors in the formation of GDP. It ensures the redistribution of resources between countries, promotes the growth of labor productivity, the competitiveness of enterprises, and also increases the welfare of the population. Analyses of recent researches and publications. Domestic science paid constant attention to the problems and determination of the role of international business in the modern international economy, its impact on the economic security of the state, starting from the moment Ukraine gained independence. Among the leading scientists who devoted their research to certain aspects of the mentioned problems, it is necessary to single out economists and lawyers, namely: E. M. Bilousov, N. M. Hrushchinska, I. Yu. Guzenko, M. V. Ivashchenko, Yu. M. Petrushenko, Yu. I. Pylypenko, E. V. Prushkivska, S. V. Tarasenko, K. O. Tretyakov, I. V. Yakoviuk and many others. The purpose of research is to clarify the significance of external and internal determinants of influence on the processes of formation and implementation of international business in a special period, as well as to substantiate the determination of priority directions of the economic, political, socio-cultural policy of the state to reduce the negative factors of influence on international business for the sake of post-war economic recovery. Article’s main body. The article reveals the defining aspects affecting the establishment and development of international commercial activity. The key factors shaping international business in the modern conditions of the formation of Industry 4.0, including globalization, economic, geopolitical, socio-cultural and technological aspects, have been determined. The research is conducted taking into account current trends in the global economy and the challenges faced by enterprises expanding their activities beyond their own national market. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In today’s world, international business is a complex and dynamic phenomenon, which is determined by the influence of various factors. The growth of global economic interdependence and the development of integration blocks create new opportunities and challenges for companies, prompting them to actively enter various markets. Changes in economic conditions, such as crises, geopolitical conflicts, currency fluctuations, changes in inflation rates, affect the profitability and strategies of international business. Companies must adapt to changes in the global economic environment. The instability of political conditions in different countries can affect the activities of international enterprises. Risks associated with political change require careful analysis and effective management. Adaptation of products and marketing strategies to local conditions becomes a key success factor. The rapid and constant development of technology affects innovation in international business. Companies that successfully implement technological innovations can have a competitive advantage. Effective logistics and supply chain management is becoming critical to ensure smooth execution of international operations. Improving these processes can lead to reduced costs and increased efficiency.
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Bilotskiy, Sergiy, Nicole Danylova, Olena Grinenko, Oleksandra Karmaza et Daria Koucherets. « Legal and economic aspects of Ukrainian enterprises activity at the European renewable energy market ». Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no 2 (2 juin 2017) : 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2).2017.07.
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The article deals with a current trend of the global energy market, which is characterized by rising tension in relations between the performers of the energy market regulation mechanisms, and it leads to the emergence of alternative energy sources. The article is called to identify the causes of renewable energy markets nascence, to make comparative description of Ukrainian and European Renewable Energy Markets attractiveness, and to characterize the state policy change in a renewable energy market. Different interpretation of nature and classification of the field of renewable energy in foreign and Ukrainian approaches shows the problem of legal criteria of renewable energy markets regulation. It is proved the existence of double barrier penetration of the European market for renewable energy for Ukrainian companies, which includes compliance with the accepted EU Directives and compliance with the Rules of each member individually. The presence of clearly defined standards and certificates of quality for the European market allows producers to show the competitiveness of Ukrainian products in the international market and stimulate Ukrainian manufacturers. The presence of clearly formulated laws, stable and balanced political and legal environment of the EU allows Ukrainian producers of renewable energy to develop such a strategy that considers the time factor, as the primary parameter of competitiveness in international business. The market of solid biofuels in EU is under formation, its development timeframe and uncertainty of environmental risks becoming is especially important for Ukrainian producers.
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Shklyar, Viktoriya, Ivanna Strilok et Oksana Kuzmenko. « GLOBAL CITIES AS CENTRES OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT AND INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ». Collection of scientific research papers State University of Infrastructure and Technologies Section “Economics and Management”, no 53 (26 mai 2023) : 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2664-2964-2023-53-128-142.
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Global cities arebecoming increasingly important players in the global system. They bring together different cultures, ideas and business opportunities. Understanding their role and functions in global economic governance and international information exchange is key to developing strategies for economic growth, creating favourable conditions for doing business and increasing the competitiveness of countries.The study of this problem has been based on the consideration of various aspects, such as economic activity, transnational governance, information communications, technological development and political participation, which determine the role of global cities. Using methods of comparative analysis, sociological, geographical research and other approaches, the article offers a deeper understanding of the functions of global cities and their impact on the world economy and international information communications.The functional significance of global cities as centres of global economic governance is determined mainly by the scale of their gross regional product, huge economic potential, as well as management and control of the global economy, which is due to the level of concentration of headquarters of large multinational companies, key institutions of the international financial market, mainly transnational banks, advanced business services companies, etc.Global cities are the backbone of the global economic and political system, leading global financial and economic processes, managing global financial flows, and having developed infrastructure and access to a wide range of services. Multinational enterprises actively use the advantages of the transport, political, social and economic position of global cities. In turn, these enterprises have a significant impact on global economic and political processes, contributing to the globalisation of city functions.Since the functional significance of global cities is expressed in many aspects, based on the analysis of available data, reports and studies, they are systematised into two groups: centres of global economic management and centres of international information communications. The characteristic of global cities according to these groups is due to the constant development and expansion of strong ties between countries and the destruction of existing barriers through technological communications and networking.
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Bakalinska, Olga O., Valeriy I. Polyukhovych, Volodymyr I. Korol et Oksana V. Kiriiak. « Some Aspects of Harmonisation of Ukraine’s Competition Legislation to EU Standards ». International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (31 décembre 2020) : 450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.53.
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In modern conditions, obtaining information about market dynamics, trends in demand, and alternative offers from competitors is vital to support the effective operation of enterprises. It is also common business practice to discuss legislative initiatives, non-confidential technical information, quality and safety standards, and various aspects of the industry. However, the direct or indirect exchange of information may be accompanied by various wrongful intentions of economic entities (for example, elimination of competitors, creation of entry barriers, agreement on price levels, certain discounts, sales volumes, and the market's geographical distribution, etc.). In Ukraine, there are currently no analogues of a full-fledged guide to information exchange between competitors, which determined the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study is to establish regulatory, economic principles for assessing the exchange of information between enterprises operating in the relevant market, in the context of compliance with legislation on protection of economic competition; analysis of the progressive international practice of cessation of violations in the form of information exchange, which leads to distortion of economic competition. In Ukraine, it is necessary to adopt the Guidelines for the Exchange of Information between Competitors (from now on referred to as "the Guidelines"), raising awareness of the business community (including associations and chambers of commerce), lawyers, and society in general regarding the main aspects of the competition compliance with competition law in order to promote fair business activities, protect the competitive environment and, as a consequence, improve consumer welfare.
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Slesarev, M. A. « Business Incubators in Russia : 2020 Survey in International Comparative Perspective ». MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, no 4 (8 septembre 2022) : 102–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-4-85-102-129.
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Small innovative and venture enterprises face significant financial and managerial difficulties in the early stages of their development, which makes it necessary to provide them with sufficient support at the start. Different governments choose different ways to solve this problem. In Russia, in the 2010s, an emphasis was made on creating business incubators as SME support infrastructure and key players (as well as a potential driver) of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Nevertheless, the latest official data shows that the number of business incubators in Russia has gradually declined over the past five years, making it a critical phenomenon to analyze. We conducted a comprehensive survey among a selection of Russian business incubators.Comparing the world BI average characteristics (secondary data from InBIA, International Business Innovation Association) and UBI Global (the data obtained through Surveys conducted in 2012, 2016, and 2020) helps us understand the actual state and dynamics of business incubation in Russia. The surveys contain a wide range of questions covering essential aspects of business incubators' activities, including BI program, clients, environment, effectiveness, and finance.The study shows that business incubators in Russia have undergone several external positive changes, including increased square space, staff quantity, the average annual number of residents, the annual budget, etc. At the same time, the total number of business incubators also significantly dropped, which means that all of the above positive changes do not reflect the growth of the business incubation market and the scaling of the most effective structures; on the contrary, it is an optimization.As a result of the study, we formulate several additional questions for future research and study to understand better the challenges business incubators currently face in Russia, the reasons for their recent consolidation, and possible ways out.
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De Moor, Aldo, et Hans Weigand. « Business Negotiation Support : Theory and Practice ». International Negotiation 9, no 1 (2004) : 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806041262106.
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AbstractBusiness negotiation support systems (NSS) are slowly entering the market, although they lack a clear theoretical basis as of yet. Negotiation is a complicated process with many aspects that have only partially been described with the formal rigidity needed to build support systems. Most theories about negotiation are descriptive and not prescriptive, which, among other things, prevents their use as a basis for negotiation support systems. Complicating matters is that a negotiation process consists of several distinct stages, each with its own characteristics. Furthermore, there are many types of negotiations, depending on the domain. This suggests that we should not strive for one general negotiation support system, but for a set of domain-specific tools. To ground the development and application of these tools in different scenarios, we propose an integrated theoretical framework. After presenting an overview of existing negotiation support approaches, we construct a business negotiation support metamodel for NSS analysis. The metamodel is illustrated by analyzing the MeMo project, which concerns contract negotiations in small and medium enterprises in the European construction industry. The MeMo system is one of the first business NSS with an explicit international orientation.
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Szunomár, Ágnes, Tamás Peragovics et Csaba Weiner. « The role of institutional and political factors in attracting Chinese and Russian multinationals to the Visegrad countries ». Politics in Central Europe 20, no 2 (1 juin 2024) : 271–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2024-0012.
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Abstract International business research is usually focused on various aspects of foreign direct investment (FDI) by non-European emerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) without attention to non-traditional factors pulling them into host countries. The objective of this paper is to examine the investments of EMNEs from two source countries, China and Russia, within the Visegrad Four (V4) economies. Based on interviews and a qualitative document analysis, it explores the main characteristics of their investments into the V4, including host-country determinants by focusing on macroeconomic, institutional and political factors. The paper finds that these factors do influence EMNEs’ investment practices, and that they correlate with the changing quality of political relations, but this influence needs to be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
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Rueda-Barrios, Gladys, Gladys Mireya Valero Cordoba et Jairo Gonzalez-Bueno. « Competitiveness and technological capital as determining factors of exports in small and medium-sized companies ». Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, no 4 (17 octobre 2023) : 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.06.
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This study explores international business integration, focusing on Colombian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It delves into the crucial aspects of competitiveness and technological capital influencing the export models of these SMEs. Using a questionnaire, responses were gathered from 63 Colombian SMEs exporting to 74 countries with 333 tariff positions. This analysis examines competitiveness factors like innovation, productivity, and business structure, as well as technological capital components such as R&D management, technological processes, and equipment, all tailored to the context of Colombian SMEs. The findings establish a comprehensive model elucidating direct and indirect relationships among these variables. They underscore the importance of strengthening competitiveness elements, particularly the infusion of technology into process and product innovation, alongside productivity and business structure rooted in the value derived from information technologies. Simultaneously, the study highlights the importance of nurturing employees’ physical, financial, and language skills within Colombian SMEs. This study accentuates the pivotal role of investment in technological capital aspects, including research and development management, personnel, and leveraging information technology, especially within Colombian SMEs. These investments are instrumental in augmenting performance and ensuring success in the international business arena. The paper contributes to both theoretical understanding and practical applications in enhancing the international competitiveness of Colombian SMEs.
Thèses sur le sujet "International business enterprises – Political aspects"
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Chen, Hunglin Maggie. « An analysis of the impact of cultural differences upon management styles of selected Taiwanese managers within business/industry organizations of Southern California ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1045.
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Manning, Elizabeth Sophie Mary. « Local content and related trade policy : Australian applications / ». Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm2832.pdf.
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Van, Zyl Stefan Daniel. « The diplomacy of multinational corporations (MNCs) : bargaining with developing states ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50137.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment investigates the bargaining relationship between multinational corporations (MNCs) and developing countries. The units of analysis of this study in Global Political Economy are MNCs (non-state actors) and nation-states. In the contemporary global production structure the 'balance of power' between MNCs and developing countries has shifted in favour of MNCs. Descriptive secondary sources were used to illustrate the MNC-State bargaining relationship in telecommunications privatisation in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the contemporary global economy nation-states only rarely still compete for territory, but rather for wealth-creating activities to be located within their borders. Important changes in the global production structure have resulted in the increased mobility and economic power of MNCs. These developments have affected the strategic relationship between MNCs and nation-states and the former have used their advantage to gain preferential treatment in the bargaining process. The nation-states are also competing amongst themselves for the investment and technology and knowledge transfers from these firms. Privatisation programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa have substantially increased MNC participation on the continent, which has been historically marginalised from global foreign direct investment receipts. Research has shown that MNC participation in infrastructure service provision is more efficient than government ownership. However, this does not constitute a loss of sovereignty, but rather emphasises the changing role of nation-states as facilitators of global market relations. On examination, the distinct bargaining relationship in telecommunications privatisation clearly illustrates the dependence of Sub-Saharan African countries on technologically advanced MNCs. Thus, the 'balance of power' has shifted more to MNCs in the global political economy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingswerkstuk ondersoek die bedingingsverhouding tussen multinasionale korporasies (MNKs) en ontwikkelende lande. Die ondersoekeenhede in die studie van die Globale Politieke Ekonomie is MNKs (nie-staatrolspelers) en regeringstate. In die huidige globale produksiestruktuur het die mag tussen MNKs en ontwikkelende lande verander sodat die MNKs nou die magsoorwig het. Beskrywende sekondêre bronne is gebruik om die MNK-regeringstaat se bedingingsverhouding in telekommunikasie privatisering in Sub-Sahara Afrika te illustreer. In die teenswoordige globale ekonomie kompeteer regeringstate selde met mekaar om territoriale mag, maar oorwegend om welvaartskeppende bedrywe binne hul grense aan te moedig. Belangrike veranderings in die globale produksiestruktuur het MNKs se mobiliteit en ekonomiese mag verhoog. Hierdie ontwikkelinge het die strategiese verhouding tussen MNKs en regeringstate verander. MNKs gebruik hierdie invloed om voordeel te trek uit regeringstate wat kompeteer vir belegging en die tegnologie- en kennisoordrag van hierdie korporasies. Privatiseringsprogramme in Sub-Sahara Afrika het MNK-deelname op die kontinent verhoog, wat histories gemarginaliseer is van buitelandse direkte belegging. Navorsing dui daarop dat MNKs se deelname in infrastruktuurdienslewering meer doeltreffend is, as wanneer dit onder staatsbeheer is. Dit lei egter nie tot 'n verlies aan soeweriniteit nie, maar beklemtoon die regeringstaat se veranderde rol as fasiliteerder van globale markverhoudinge. Die ondersoek na die uitsonderlike bedingingsverhouding in die privatisering van telekommunikasie beklemtoon Sub-Sahara Afrika se afhanklikheid van tegnologies-ontwikkelde MNKs. Die magsbalans het gevolglik na die MNKs oorskuif in die globale politieke ekonomie.
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Makgatho, Mathane. « The use of the Brink model to assess Mozambique's political risk before and after major project investments ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5542.
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Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mozambique managed to attract a lot of foreign direct investment despite it being one of the poorest countries in the world and after it has been through a devastating 17 year civil war. GOP per capita in 1995 was about US$ 144 which was one of the lowest in the world. The country was faced with enormous challenges and risks in terms of both country and political risk. Major risks were associated with investment in that country because of prolonged civil war with no record of macro-economic stability. Despite these huge challenges, Mozambique managed to attract a lot of investment with Mozal 1 being the first big project post civil war. This paper analyses and quantifies where Mozambique was before and after mega projects. This is done by looking at where Mozambique was before Mozal 1 being the first mega project in the country post civil war. The analysis is in terms of political risk as it relates to cross border transactions with specific reference to a number of political risk indicators as suggested by Brink (2004) that prevailed and how the projects were structured to minimize risk. A political risk rating is developed for 1995 and 2005 using the Brink model to check if the project did improve the country's economic health.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mosambiek het daarin geslaag om grootskaalse direkte buitelandse investering te lok ten spyte van sy status as een van die wereld se armste lande en die verwoestende burgeroorlog wat 17 jaar geduur het. Die BBP per capita was ongeveer US$ 144 in 1995, wat dit een van die laagstes in die wereld gemaak het. Die land het enorme uitdagings en risiko's in die gesig gestaar in terme van die land en die politiek. Die hoofrisiko's het met investering verband gehou vanwee die langdurige burgeroorlog en geen makro-ekonomiese stabiliteit in die land se verlede nie. Ondanks hierdie reuse uitdagings het Mosambiek daarin geslaag om baie investering te lok, waarvan Mozal 1 die eerste megaprojek na die burgeroorlog was. Hierdie tesis analiseer en kwantifiseer Mosambiek se posisie voor en na megaprojekte. Dit is gedoen deur te kyk na hoe Mosambiek daar uitgesien het voor Mozal 1. Die analise is in terme van die verband tussen politieke risiko en oorgrenstransaksies gedoen. Daar word spesifiek verwys na 'n aantal aanwysers van politieke risiko, soos voorgestel deur Brink (2004), wat geheers het en hoe projekte gestruktureer is om risiko te verminder. 'n Gradering van politieke risiko is vir 1995 en 2005 aan die hand van Brink se model ontwikkel om te kontroleer of die projek die land se ekonomiese gesondheid verbeter het.
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Deva, Surya. « Violation of human rights by multinational corporations : an integrated theory of regulation ». Phd thesis, Faculty of Law, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11721.
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Sally, Mohomed Razeen. « States and firms : the political economy of French and German multinational enterprises in international competition ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287047.
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This thesis entails the examination of the internationalisation during the 1980s of the twelve leading French and German-owned multinational enterprises [MNEs] in chemicals and electronics. They represent a significant part of the phenomenon of Europeanowned MNEs taking their places alongside U.S. and Japaneseowned MNEs as the main commercial actors in international competition. MNEs in the chemical and electronics sectors have been selected for analysis because they are technology-intensive in many of their businesses, which are at the cutting-edge of industry globalisation. This process of recent internationalisation is used to address a problematique that goes to the roots of institutional political economy : how and why has the internationalisation of these MNEs interacted with their "embeddedness" in the domestic structures of the French and German political economies, particularly in terms of their power relationships with external actors such as the home governments and financial institutions ? What are the French-German comparisons involved ? The primary political economy themes are as follows : the MNEs' roles as political actors, especially viewed in terms of their bargaining power relations with the home [central] governments; home government industrial policy vis-â-vis the MNEs; MNE financial relations with banks in France and Germany; MNE political activity at the level of the European Community -- the main geographical focus of internationalisation -- which is especially evident in technology policy. The empirical argument presented is that internationalisation imparts a dynamic that induces convergence effects between the French and German political economies, most importantly in the manner in which the MNEs are embedded in them. Such convergence is however limited and qualified by the enduring differences in the constitution of state-finance-industry linkages in France and Germany. It is argued that the primary theoretical contribution of this study is the inclusion of a business organisation approach, at the level of the firm, to put the spotlight on fundamental questions of political economy. Research in political economy has tended to overlook the role of the firm. The changes wrought by the internationalisation of business urgently require better firm-level conceptualisation and empirical research.
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Howard, Christopher O. « Approaches to the problems of political risk in foreign direct investment ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18270.
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This thesis examines the challenges multinational enterprises face from political risk when making and operating foreign direct investments. The thesis considers political risk and a wide variety of approaches to its analysis and provides insight into the process of foreign direct investment, the nature of the political threat facing it, foreign investment decision making by multinationals, and the tools developed in the commercial, academic, and governmental arenas to avoid and combat the effects of political risk. In essence, the thesis addresses a business application of theories and methodologies used in political studies. The first hypothesis is: if political risk is properly understood as a phenomenon of the political environment, then it a) defies direct quantification and b) can be explained as a series of discrete elements which can be analyzed separately. The second hypothesis is: if political risk is properly understood as a series of non-quantifiable elements, analysis of political risk cannot be depended upon alone to protect multinational enterprises from political risk in foreign direct investment. The first hypothesis is addressed through a critical review and consideration of business and political risk literature. Two analytical tools are developed in this process: a ladder of cognition consisting of a series of conditions of knowledge which can be held regarding a specific risk, and indicating the type and approximate accuracy of analysis which can be undertaken of such risk; and a representation of the political risk equation as a two stage process consisting of an abstract (environmental) risk event and a discrete effect which the event may or may not have on a specific investment. The second hypothesis is addressed through a critical review of methods of political risk analysis including "qualitative" approaches with roots in traditional studies and "quantitative" approaches derived from statistical analysis and behavioralist-based determinism. Critiques of each approach include operational strengths and weaknesses, performance histories (when applicable), conceptual and practical capabilities from the perspective of the analytical tools described above, and theoretical strengths and weaknesses from the perspective of the political studies discipline. Both hypotheses are supported and the thesis concludes by reviewing tools which can be used by multinationals to manage and mitigate the effects of political risk and considering additional academic work in this arena which would be useful in developing this application of political studies.
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Abramowitz, Alan F. « Transnational corporations : an examination of the consequences for society ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9895.
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Olivier, Daniel. « The globalisation of port business an Asian perspective / ». Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36265007.
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Pellegrino, Juan M., et n/a. « Strategy, learning and knowledge in the internationalisation process : a comparative study of NZ incremental and early-internationalising SMEs ». University of Otago. Department of Marketing, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090826.101221.
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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which represent around 95% or more of the total number of enterprises in many countries, are often considered critical for a country's economy because of their effects on economic output and their contribution to overall employment. However, as a result of globalisation and the deregulation of the New Zealand economy, SMEs in this country have been faced with the need to internationalise in order to grow because of increased domestic competition. Moreover, when they make their move to offshore markets they also face fierce competition. Hence, it is in this largely integrated and competitive global marketplace that it becomes critical for smaller firms to learn about international business to succeed. Therefore, this thesis aimed to understand and explain how internationalising NZ SMEs learn and develop knowledge throughout their internationalisation process.
To frame this problem an extensive review of the literature on internationalisation, organisational knowledge and organisational learning was conducted. This assessment revealed a gap related to the evolution of learning and knowledge in SMEs' internationalisation process. It also identified the incremental and born-global internationalisation types, two more common and distinctive internationalisation paths that SMEs follow. The literature described the several common forms of knowledge that played more or less critical roles in these firms' internationalisation. Furthermore, extant research also stated that experiential learning and other learning processes were important for the internationalisation of these firms but it did not delve into the development of these learning processes over time. Finally, the evaluation of the knowledge and learning literatures identified three most distinctive and important forms of knowledge that organisations develop as a result of several learning processes.
Anchored on the research problem and the specific research questions, derived from the literature review, and framed by a post-positivist worldview, this study developed a methodology that combined theory building, process-based research and case studies to address the problem. More specifically, the methodology involved the selection of and collection of historical, or retrospective, data from eight cases, four incremental and four early-internationalising firms. The data collected through interviews and document analysis was examined using different process analysis techniques.
This research has found that there were important differences in the incremental and early-internationalising firms' learning and knowledge during their creation. Furthermore, the early-internationalising firms identified and implemented an internationalisation strategy from the beginning. Thus, the knowledge about international markets and products acquired through congenital learning and their initial intention to offer their products offshore allowed the early-internationalising firms to expand internationally from their creation or soon after. In contrast, the incremental firms only decided to internationalise after they learned from their experience in their domestic market that they had a successful product that had international potential. Besides their initial internationalisation strategy, or lack of it, and knowledge, other factors, such as firm resources, product and industry characteristics and previous learning and knowledge, influenced these firms' subsequent internationalisation strategy, learning and knowledge.
Publication associated with this thesis: Pellegrino, J. (2005) Organisational Learning Processes in Internationalising Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: a Comparison between Traditional and Born-Global firms. Udevalla Symposium & McGill International Entrepreneurship Conference, Udevalla, Sweden, September 2005.
Livres sur le sujet "International business enterprises – Political aspects"
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Evans, Don Alan. The cultural and political environment of international business : A guide for business professionals. Jefferson, N.C : McFarland & Co., 1991.
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Fuchs, Doris A. Business power in global governance. Boulder, Colo : Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2007.
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Kline, John M. Ethics for international business : Decision making in a global political economy. New York, N.Y : Routledge, 2005.
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Kline, John M. Ethics for international business : Decision-making in a global political economy. 2e éd. New York, NY : Routledge, 2010.
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Kline, John M. Ethics for international business : Decision making in a global political economy. 2e éd. New York, NY : Routledge, 2010.
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Erdener, Kaynak, dir. Sociopolitical aspects of international marketing. New York : Haworth Press, 1991.
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1961-, Niederfeld Reinhard, dir. Politik als Investitionsmotor ? : Deutsche "Multis" in Lateinamerika. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1985.
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Solbès, Jean. Media business : Argent, idéologie, désinformation. Paris : Messidor/Editions sociales, 1988.
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Putten, Frans-Paul van der. Corporate behaviour and political risk : Dutch companies in China, 1903-1941. [Leiden], Netherlands : Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, Leiden University, 2001.
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Putten, Frans-Paul van der. Corporate behaviour and political risk : Dutch companies in China : 1903-1941. Leiden : Research School CNWS, 2001.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "International business enterprises – Political aspects"
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Tayeb, Monir H. « The Significance of Socio-Political Influences on International Business Development ». Dans The Management of International Enterprises, 3–28. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598591_1.
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Wagner, Sigrun M. « The Automotive Industry and Environmental Regulations : Challenges to Corporate Political Activities of Multinational Enterprises in the European Union ». Dans Contemporary Challenges to International Business, 269–84. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230237322_16.
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Henriques, Carla, et Clara Viseu. « Evaluating the Reasons Behind the Inefficient Implementation of ERDF Devoted to R&I in SMEs ». Dans Springer Proceedings in Political Science and International Relations, 3–27. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18161-0_1.
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AbstractThis work is mainly aimed at evaluating the reasons behind the inefficient execution of Operational Programs (OPs) aimed at promoting research and innovation (R&I), especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this goal, we employed a three-stage slack-based measure (SBM) data envelopment analysis (DEA) model combined with Stochastic Frontier analysis (SFA), which includes a multiplicity of achievement metrics and environmental factors, to evaluate 53 OPs from 19 countries. Our findings suggest that more developed regions (proxied by a higher Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita) do not make an efficient application of European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) aimed at fostering R&I in SMEs. Also, a greater proportion of the population with a university degree does not imply an appropriate use of ERDF devoted to R&I in SMEs. Lifelong learning is positively linked with the performance of the outcomes “Researchers Working in Improved Infrastructures” and “Enterprises Supported”. Research and development (R&D) expenditures in the public sector contribute favorably to the needed improvements in “Researchers Working in Improved Infrastructures” but have the reverse effect on the number of “Enterprises Supported” and “Enterprises Working with Research Institutions”. Furthermore, because R&D expenditures in the business sector have a positive impact on the necessary development of “Enterprises Working with Research Institutions”, these results appear to demonstrate that public R&D has a weaker influence on SME innovation than private R&D. Finally, innovative SMEs collaborating with other sources of knowledge show a positive effect on both the number of “Enterprises” and “Enterprises Working with Research Institutions” supported.
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Meira, Deolinda, et Maria Elisabete Ramos. « Social Enterprises and Benefit Corporations in Portugal ». Dans The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 739–58. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_36.
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AbstractThe Portuguese legal system does not provide for the general regime of social enterprises. The legal notion offered by the Public Procurement Code has a sectoral scope, and the Basic Law on Social Economy is ambiguous as to the relationship between social enterprises and social economy. Benefit corporations have no legislative provision in the Portuguese legal order. However, “company” types are endowed with some flexibility. This allows shareholders to adapt the statutes to their business projects within the law’s limits through statutory clauses. Statutory clauses can incorporate the interests of the general community, workers and other stakeholders, translated, for example, into dividend distribution policies or environmentally sustainable practices, gender equality policies or the promotion of social responsibility measures.Although not expressly stated in Portuguese law, the current state of legal doctrine allows us to argue that social enterprises in Portugal are included in the perimeter of social economy entities.The areas of impact measured by B certification seem to be inspired by the experience concerning cooperatives, which combine social and economic aspects. Cooperatives, however, go beyond B-Corp entities. B certification, granted by private entity B-Lab, is not a new legal regime but only a label that distinguishes companies. Some Portuguese companies are B-Lab certified companies.
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Pulatov, Alisher. « Taxation in the Digital Economy in Uzbekistan ». Dans International Political Economy Series, 227–53. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55341-7_9.
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AbstractDigital economy taxation plays a crucial role in the modern globalised world, where digital businesses and transactions are increasingly prominent. As digitalisation continues transforming various aspects of society and the economy, governments face challenges of effectively regulating and taxing digital activities. This chapter focuses on Uzbekistan, exploring the importance of regulating digital businesses and implementing taxation. Here, I aim to understand the significance of digital economy taxation and its implications for Uzbekistan's legal system, business environment, investment climate, societal change, and governance. Specifically, I delve into identifying non-resident businesses subject to value-added tax (VAT) and the associated challenges faced by tax authorities. I discuss the complexities of determining who should pay taxes and the difficulties in establishing the necessary nexuses to enforce taxation on digital service providers. Furthermore, I highlight the limitations of existing methods used to identify VAT-liable businesses, including the limited technical capacity and access to financial data. From my analysis, I outline recommendations for improving digital economy taxation, and recommend developing enforcement mechanisms, exchanging information between non-resident companies and tax authorities, utilising technology, and considering thresholds to support startups and small businesses. These recommendations should foster a fair and efficient tax system supporting the evolving digital landscape and promoting economic growth.
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Vargas Vasserot, Carlos. « Social Enterprises in the European Union : Gradual Recognition of Their Importance and Models of Legal Regulation ». Dans The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 27–45. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_3.
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AbstractThis chapter addresses social enterprises as a special corporate category, which in some European jurisdictions, and increasingly so after their promotion by the European Union, are provided with a specific legal framework to promote and encourage their development. The paper begins with a brief compilation of the several social enterprise concepts developed by economic doctrines both in the United States and Europe, which reveal a great diversity of approaches. This is followed by an analysis of the various documents published by the European Union, showing the increasing recognition of this business phenomenon, from the publication of the Social Business Initiative in 2011 to the recent Action Plan for the Social Economy in 2021. Finally, the results obtained from the analysis of the different European legal systems are presented, and three main models of legal regulation of social enterprises are distinguished, namely, the use of the social cooperative form, enactment of a special law, and integration into a social economy law. The chapter concludes with a table comparing the essential aspects of the regulation of social enterprises in 14 European countries.
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Jia, Shaofeng, Yu Wang, Hoaithuong Do, Boris Gojenko et Caixia Man. « Basin Governance and International Cooperation ». Dans Water Resources in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin : Impact of Climate Change and Human Interventions, 327–75. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0759-1_9.
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AbstractIntegrated basin governance means integrated water governance taking basin as the spatial unit. It deals with rules of integrated water resources management, including the establishment of governance bodies, the definition of interests and roles of stakeholders, the principles and regulations of decision-making, and the arrangement of decision-making procedures. For trans-national basins, international cooperation for integrated basin governance is necessary that is mainly embodied by basin cooperation mechanisms. The implementation of international basin cooperation depends on a number of mechanisms. There are about fifteen cooperative mechanisms in the Mekong Region divided into two groups: intra-regional mechanisms (cooperation among Mekong countries) and mechanisms between Mekong countries and non-basin partners. MRC, GMS and LMC are the three most active mechanism. Within the Lancang-Mekong River Basin, each country has particular perspectives about international basin cooperation. China is very active in Basin cooperation and has invested a lot of resource in this regard, but is sensitive to the intervention from countries outside the region. Cambodia and Laos, with most territory located within the Basin and essential or even majority of foreign investment from China, are active to diversify their international cooperation while maintaining close cooperation with China. Most of the inflow of foreign investments into Myanmar comes from Asian countries, followed by European countries and the United States, and is influenced by its domestic political situation. Thailand has been a relatively stable recipient country of foreign investment for a long time and has benefited significantly, it has now become a donor country, playing an important leading role in basin cooperation. Vietnam’s foreign investment mainly comes from Japan, Korea, and ASEAN. Vietnam plays the leading role in environmental cooperation in Lower Mekong Cooperation with the United States, and has actively participated in the “One Decade of Green Mekong” initiative in Mekong-Japan cooperation. Some countries outside the basin, such as the United States, Japan, India, Korea, India and international organizations such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, have significant influence on basin governance. Social participation in Lancang-Mekong River Basin governance plays a very important role. A variety of stakeholders, ranging from global network initiatives to local NGOs, from business enterprises to communities, have been actively engaging in the governance of the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. They have adopted different strategies (e.g., scientific research, capability building, policy advocacy, and citizen engagement) to exert influence on various issues such as climate change, biodiversity, hydropower development, and sustainable livelihood, revealing overlapping and interacting mechanisms of participation. The future trend of basin cooperation is more optimistic along with the consensus strengthening and capacity building, although there may be still some interferent brought by big power competition and interest disputations.
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Lubchenco, Jane, et Peter M. Haugan. « Towards Ocean Equity ». Dans The Blue Compendium, 485–521. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_13.
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AbstractThe blue economy is being promoted as capable of achieving sustainability and prosperity, fair use of the ocean and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ensuring a more equitable distribution of goods and services provided by the ocean represents a major challenge. There is overwhelming evidence that current access to ocean benefits and resources, as well as exposure to harms, is distributed inequitably. This results in negative effects on the environment and human health, loss of livelihoods, limited financial opportunities for vulnerable groups and challenges to nutritional and food security. Powerful interests (including states, communities and economic entities) benefit from existing arrangements. Challenging inequality represents a direct threat to such interests. Inequality is increasingly influencing economic development and political stability. Current and recent examples of social unrest are closely associated with concerns about inequality, climate change, corruption and related societal problems perceived as having an unfair impact. Increased scientific attention to inequality is starting to shape debates associated with the ocean. We argue that there is a general policy blindness to instruments and practices that maintain the unfair status quo, but that there are remedies to such blindness. The purpose of this Blue Paper is to explore ocean inequities and suggest approaches for the just inclusion of diverse actors in the blue economy agenda and the equitable distribution of ocean benefits. First, we define inequity terms and their drivers, as well as how they affect sustainability. Second, we explore policies and practices that have (or have not) worked in favour of equity, while also promoting ecological sustainability. Finally, we provide opportunities for action for policymakers, funding and research institutions, international and non-governmental organisations, business leadership as well as civil society to address systemic aspects of inequities along a spectrum of ambitions, from basic to transformative. These opportunities for action are not intended as alternatives. They constitute complementary and reinforcing action to support and inform pathways to a sustainable and just ocean economy.
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Dzhur, Olga, et Yevhen Dzhur. « SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES : NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ASPECT ». Dans Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-16.
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The purpose of the article is to study and highlight promising areas of development of the space industry of Ukraine based on the potential of scientific and technical development, which was formed in at least years of space industry of Ukraine taking into account political, economic, social trends in Ukraine and the international economy. The methodological and informational basis of the study are the works of national and international statistical publications and reports, publications of consulting companies, information materials of space companies. To achieve this goal, a systems approach, correlation-regression analysis, methods of historical and logical approach, dialectical development, linguistic level of description of systems as the highest level of abstraction were used. Assessment of the success of modern world business and prospects of scientific and technological development of high-tech business, in particular space enterprises was analyzed using reports of such well-known publications as Fortune, McKinsey, SRG, MIT Technology, statistics of international organizations OECD, WIPO, World Bank, statistics State Statistics Service of Ukraine, State Space Agency of Ukraine. Value / originality. Comparative analysis of scientific and technical development of successful international economies, world aerospace business and scientific and technical development of Ukraine's economy and its space industry revealed weaknesses in the further development of space enterprises, propose measures to eliminate shortcomings, propose a scheme for selecting promising scientific and technical directions. industry and explore some correlation of important components of innovation development to the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI).
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Williamson, Oliver E. « Strategizing, Economizing, and Economic Organization ». Dans The Mechanisms Of Governance, 307–21. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078244.003.0013.
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Abstract Business strategy is a complex subject. It not only spans the functional areas in business-marketing, finance, manufacturing, international business, etc. but it is genuinely interdisciplinary-involving, as it does, economics, politics, organization theory, and aspects of the law. Business strategy has become increasingly important with the growth of the multinational enterprise and of international trade and competition.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "International business enterprises – Political aspects"
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Sinitina, Iulia. « Small business crisis strategies : pandemics ». Dans Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.43.
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The article considers the problem of effective diagnostics of the state of an organization in a crisis that arose under the influence of the external environment. The state of a young organization is analyzed before and after the appearance of adverse external factors, the occurrence of which does not depend on the effectiveness of the organization. The express diagnostics of the financial condition of the organization was carried out to identify crisis and determine its features. Crises can arise at any stage of the organization’s life cycle and each case will have its unique features, which makes the universal formula to emerge from a crisis impossible. The identification of crisis phenomena and methods of its overcoming at an early stage is an urgent issue of enterprise management. In this regard, there is an urgent need to study the application of new approaches to diagnosing crises at enterprises, as well as developing common ways to get an organization out of a crisis state and ensure the proper functioning of the organization in any situation. Based on the results of diagnostic and preventive studies of various aspects of the organization’s activities, managers and owners have the opportunity to develop a model of crisis management of their organization. The development of faster and more effective methods of diagnosing and overcoming crises in the conditions of young organizations will ensure the survival of a large number of newly formed enterprises, strengthening the ability of small businesses to resist negative influences and quickly adapt to any changes in the world.
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Odobaša, Rajko, et Katarina Marošević. « EXPECTED CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING DIRECTIVE (CSRD) TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ». Dans International Scientific Conference “Digitalization and Green Transformation of the EU“. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/27463.
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In January 2023, the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) came into power, and its application from the fiscal year 2024 becomes mandatory for all large European companies with over 500 employees, as well as for medium and small companies, except for micro-enterprises, whose securities are listed for trading on a regulated market in the European Union. The directive also covers non-European trading companies that generate more than EUR 150 million in net income per year in the Union and have at least one daughter company or subsidiary that exceeds this income threshold. The directive adapts the deadlines, areas and standards of application of the new sustainability reporting rules to the capacities and resources of individual categories of companies. Businesses covered by the directive will have to submit publicly available and detailed non-financial reports on a number of aspects of sustainability in their operations, as well as on the impact of external sustainability factors on current operations, market position and development of companies. The directive represents a strengthening of the existing European rules for the creation and publication of sustainability reports introduced by the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) from 2014, which are no longer adequate for the realization of the goals of the European Green Plan and the successful transition of the EU to a sustainable economy and society. This paper analyzes the historical and legal context of the creation of the Directive, goals and the scope of the Directive’s application, the indicators of reporting by companies with regard to the economic, social and ecological dimensions of sustainability covering also limitations bonded with theoretical and empirical circular economy perspective and the expected benefits of standardized reporting on aspects of sustainability of important stakeholders of the society. Besides, the possible burdens and costs are going to be presented, ocuuring when preparing sustainability reports and during practical application of the Directive. The purpose of the paper is to point out possible contributions of the Directive to strengthening the responsibility of companies for an accelerated and easier transition to a sustainable economy and society as a key development goal of the Union, and the potential positive impacts of a broader reduction of the negative environmental and social footprint on the sustainable operations of companies and the economy as a whole. Historical, legal normative and political economic methods are most often used in the analysis of the provisions and effects of the new legislative solution regarding the quantification of the effects of business operations on the sustainability of the European environment and society and the feedback effects of progress in wider sustainability on the operations and market position of businesses.
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Caminschi, Olga, et Irina Dorogaia. « Digital transformation of smb in the Republic of Moldova ». Dans Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.51.
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Currently, there are many reasons to improve digital transformation and the top reasons that SMBs are investing in digital technology are to attract new customers, improve employee productivity and streamline operations. At the same time with digital transformation comes change in the management of enterprises. Traditional, standard methods of management systems are becoming less effective. This paper includes the definition of the main aspects of digital transformation and identifies the results of influencing over results of national enterprises. Together with numerous advantages, digitalization also implies risks associated mainly with a lack of skills in the field of digitalization, digital crime, insufficient funds to support processes, and others. Considering that small and medium-sized enterprises in the Republic of Moldova are in a significant majority compared to other forms of business, the object of this study is small and medium-sized enterprises. The obvious advantages of SMEs associated with rapid adaptability, innovation, close communications, lack of bureaucracy, are often overridden by the problems inherent in this sector: low financial security, lack of specialists of various kinds, lack of strategic vision, and others. These and other specific problems can slow down the transformational processes that are rapidly affecting enterprises around the world. Therefore, today the state faces the task of supporting this sector on the path of upcoming transformations.
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Mustetsa, Iryna, et Svitlana Luchyk. « Ways to improve the management of enterprises in the tourism industry of Ukraine in martial law ». Dans Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.20.
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The article considers the problems of development and management of tourism enterprises during the martial law in Ukraine. It is established that the aggression of the Russian Federation and the beginning of the war with Ukraine affected all key aspects of the life of the Ukrainian people and shook the entire civilized world. Numerous bombings of the Black Sea coast, which houses the largest number of Ukrainian tourism facilities, have preserved the work of hospitality enterprises and forced management to make decisions not to open the tourist season in many areas, and catastrophic business losses. Theoretically, Ukraine is a tourist attractive country and has all the opportunities for the development of domestic tourism as a priority sector of the economy. In the Strategy for the Development of Tourism and Resorts for the period up to 2026, the field of tourism is identified as one of the main industries that affect the general state and trends of the world economy. As this area is related to the activities of more than 50 industries, its development contributes to employment, diversification of the national economy, preservation and development of cultural potential, preservation of environmentally friendly environment, and contributes to the harmonization of relations between different countries and peoples. Ukraine is located in the center of Europe and has all the conditions for proper economic development through tourism, but lags far behind the world's leading countries in terms of tourism infrastructure and quality of tourism services, which is why a key aspect of hotel development is the construction of new hospitality. Examples of foreign countries, namely Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Egypt and Israel in the direction of development and restoration of the tourism industry in the postwar and war periods are studied. Ways of management of the enterprises of sphere of tourism in Ukraine for the purpose of development and stabilization of financial indicators are analyzed. Keywords: hotel enterprises, martial law, tourism industry.
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Jiříček, Petr, et Zdeňka Dostálová. « J. A. SCHUMPETER, A THEORIST OF INNOVATION AND A HISTORIAN OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE ». Dans Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics : Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.315.
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The paper commemorates the 70th anniversary of the death of Joseph Alois Schumpeter, the world-renowned economist of Czech-Austrian origin and creator of innovation theory. It analyses Schumpeter’s work from the perspective of two aspects, complementing each other in his work: historical economic analysis and entrepreneurial innovation theory. The introduction reveals the genesis of his relation to enterprise, innovation, and the historical economics concept. The historical approach to economics appears in his scientific works at the time of his work at the European universities in Chernivtsi, Graz and Bonn, as well as in his later work at Harvard University. The paper also studies the rise of his innovation theory, first appearing during his work in Graz, Styria, and its gradual reflection in his professional work. The paper shows how these approaches merge in his economic teaching, which is very specific and includes both purely economic and technological and social aspects.
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Larisa, Rodina, et Nazarov Sergey. « Systematization of the Activity Digitalization Risks : Economic, Cultural, Political, and International Aspects ». Dans “New Silk Road : Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development” (NSRBCPED 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200324.129.
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Maulana, Hartomi, Khoirul Umam, Rahma Astuti, Eko Cahyo et Roghiebah Faradisi. « Environmental aspects of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) ». Dans Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Business, Law And Pedagogy, ICBLP 2019, 13-15 February 2019, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-2-2019.2286196.
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M Siregar, Onan, et Dr Selwendri. « Achievement Of The Target Market Through Business Model Canvas In Small And Medium Enterprises (Smes) ». Dans 2nd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2017). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosop-17.2018.79.
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Tan, Shuai, et Yong'an Zheng. « Research on Work Model of Ideological and Political Education in Enterprises as Human Resource Business Partner ». Dans 2017 International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology (HSMET 2017). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hsmet-17.2017.31.
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Nebojsa, Denic. « POSSIBLE BUSINESS ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN SERBIA ». Dans 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b21/s7.033.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "International business enterprises – Political aspects"
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Olsson, Olle. Industrial decarbonization done right : identifying success factors for well-functioning permitting processes. Stockholm Environment Institute, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.034.
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1 Introduction 1.1 The urgency of industrial decarbonization The last few years have seen several of the world’s largest carbon dioxide-emitting countries and leading heavy industry companies committing to mid-century net-zero targets (Buckley 2021; Denyer and Kashiwagi 2020; McCurry 2020; Myers 2020). Consequently, the discussion on economy-wide transition to net-zero is accelerating, with focus shifting from “if” to “when” and “how”, even for heavy industry sectors like steel, cement and chemicals. This makes it increasingly urgent to analyse not just whether it is technologically feasible to decarbonize heavy industry, but also investigate issues more directly related to practical implementation. This includes site-specific planning, infrastructure availability, and consultation with local authorities and other stakeholders. Many of the latter considerations are formalized as part of the permitting processes that are an essential vehicle to ensure that industrial interests are balanced against interests of society at large. However, doing this balancing act can turn out to be very complicated and associated with uncertainties as to their outcome, as well as being demanding in resources and time. At the same time, to ensure broad buy-in and support from society, the investments needed must be implemented in a way that takes a broad spectrum of sustainability concerns into account, not just climate change mitigation. A key question is if and how permitting processes can run more smoothly and efficiently while still ensuring inclusive consultations, fair procedures and adherence to legal certainty. This policy brief discusses this question from the starting point of Swedish conditions, but many of the points raised will be relevant for a broader international discussion on taking industrial decarbonization to implementation. 1.2 Industrial transition and permitting processes in Sweden Decarbonization of the industrial sector in Sweden essentially entails a relatively small number of investment projects in the cement, steel, petrochemical and refinery sectors, where the vast majority of carbon emissions are concentrated (Karltorp et al. 2019; Nykvist et al. 2020). However, while few in number, the size of these investments means that their implementation will by necessity become relevant to many other parts of society. In connection with the increasing focus on how to implement industrial decarbonization in Sweden, discussions about permitting processes have been brought higher up on the agenda. While there has been an active discussion on permitting processes in Sweden for quite some time, it has primarily been focused on aspects related to mining and wind power (Larsen et al. 2017; Raitio et al. 2020). The last few years have, however, focused increasingly on industrial projects, in particular related to a proposed – though eventually cancelled – expansion of an oil refinery in the southwestern part of the country (Blad 2020). In terms of political discussions, both the governmental initiative Fossil-free Sweden (2020) and the Swedish Climate Policy Council (2020) emphasize that permitting processes need to become faster in order for Sweden’s industrial transition to be implemented in line with the time plan set by the 2017 Swedish Climate Act. Business representatives and organizations are also voicing concerns about the slow speed of permitting (Balanskommissionen 2019; Jacke 2018). At the same time, criticism has been raised that much of the environmental damage done in Sweden comes from activities conducted within limits set by environmental permits, which could be a flaw in the system (Malmaeus and Lindblom 2019). Finally, recent public inquiries have also discussed permitting processes.