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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « International and municipal law – Europe, Eastern »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "International and municipal law – Europe, Eastern"

Nemec, Juraj, et David Špaček. « The Covid-19 pandemic and local government finance : Czechia and Slovakia ». Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & ; Financial Management 32, n^o 5 (1 septembre 2020) : 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-07-2020-0109.

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PurposeThe current Covid-19 crisis research focuses especially on epidemiologic and macro-level socioeconomic aspects. It only marginally covers impacts on local budgets. Our intention is to enrich the existing limited debate on this dimension.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a qualitative research approach and is based on secondary research and information available in restrictive regulations of national governments, data published by governmental bodies, international statistics and media articles published before 30 June 2020. The authors also conducted six non-structured online interviews with the leading question: “How do you see the current and future impacts of the pandemic on local public finance?”FindingsAvailable information on Czechia and Slovakia indicates that the level of municipal fiscal imbalance as the result of the Covid-19 crisis is not proportional to the situation on the central level, and municipal financial resources are not commensurate with their responsibilities as outlined by the constitution and the law. Because the reaction of the central government in both countries to this situation has been inadequate, municipalities will face problems with service delivery in some areas, especially in culture and sport.Originality/valueThe authors enrich the growing debate about the current Covid-19 crisis and its consequences and focus on local government finance in two selected countries from Central and Eastern Europe.

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Čandrlić - Dankoš, Ivana. « Mogućnosti korištenja audita sustava upravljanja kvalitetom za unaprjeđenje učinkovitosti javne uprave ». Oeconomica Jadertina 7, n^o 1 (12 novembre 2017) : 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.1351.

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According to the international requirements of ISO 9001:2015, the conducting of the audit of the quality control system is a key prerequisite for checking the compliance of the system with the international standards requirements and the requirements of the organization's quality management system that applies them. The results of conducted internal audits contain information related to irregularities (noncompliance with the required norms), and recommendations for improvement, all of it aimed towards improving the existing business practices. Simultaneously, the analysis of the position of the Republic of Croatia on international competitiveness charts shows a significant lag in relation to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The analysis of the comparison of the Republic of Croatia with other countries based on the analysis of international competitiveness shows lagging in all segments of competitiveness. Consequently, in line with the recommendations of the European Commission as part of the convergence program of national reforms in the Republic of Croatia, the weakness of the system is also reflected in the (non) efficiency of the public sector that needs to be improved. The work of local and regional self-government units (hereinafter referred to as management) in the Republic of Croatia is supervised by State administration bodies, institutions responsible for conducting business of legal and/or natural persons, assemblies in towns and counties, and within municipalities the municipal council as well as internal audit units and internal auditors if the management has implemented a quality management system according to one of the international standards. The question arises about the possibility of using audits as a form of quality management control as a strategic tool for improving the work of the administration, or more precisely the increasing of the efficiency of the system and raising the level of competitiveness. This paper gives a brief overview of the efficiency of the Croatian public administration presented through international competitiveness charts, an overview of the forms of work management oversight, with special emphasis on monitoring specificities according to the international standard ISO 9001:2015 and the Quality Control and Auditing Guidelines standard methodology and the ISO / IEC 19011: 2012. Professional and scientific literature regarding the experiences and the role of internal auditing in public administration has been consulted. The concluding remarks analyze the possibilities of using internal audits as the basis for improving the quality of the management system.

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Popa, Radu D. « Bibliographic Checklist on International Law Research : Eastern European Countries ». International Journal of Legal Information 22, n^o 2 (1994) : 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073112650002480x.

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Doing research in international law for the countries of Eastern Europe is very often frustrating, time consuming and eventually fruitless. One of the reasons is the language barrier; another is the scarcity of clear, reliable sources, even in the vernacular languages of those countries; finally, there is always considerable delay in receiving legal information for Eastern Europe. In compiling the present research guide I have tried to take into account all these discouraging factors and offer a new perspective to the user, an optimistic one rather than pessimistic one. Therefore, I included only English language sources, produced in the United States and Western Europe, because they tend to be widely available, reliable and generally up to date. By doing so I hope to dispel the reluctance that American lawyers, law teachers and students have about materials in languages other than English.

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Gylfason, Thorvaldur. « Reforms in Eastern Europe ». Journal of World Trade 29, Issue 3 (1 juin 1995) : 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1995020.

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Kirby, Michael. « The common law and international law – a dynamic contemporary dialogue ». Legal Studies 30, n^o 1 (mars 2010) : 30–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2009.00138.x.

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International law, as expressed in treaties and in customary law, is of growing importance in municipal jurisdictions throughout the world. Some barriers to the use of international law in national courts are identified. Occasionally, they include scepticism and even hostility about this body of law. However, the past 60 years have witnessed a remarkable change in judicial attitudes in final courts in most Commonwealth countries.In the UK, the impact of Europe has helped create an ‘incoming tide’. In South Africa, India and Canada, constitutional provisions have stimulated the change. New Zealand is now affected by its Bill of Rights Act. But, in Australia, none of these forces was available and decisional authority adhered for decades to strict dualism.The changing pace of utilisation of international law in the UK and Australia are described. In the UK, the Human Rights Act 1998 now consolidates a trend already happening in the courts. In Australia, the Mabo decision in 1992 effectively endorsed the Bangalore Principles on the municipal application of international human rights norms. This paper describes the contrasting case-law. In the foregoing countries, it concludes with a response to criticisms of judicial utilisation of international law and a suggestion of the proper jurisprudential basis that can be identified to sustain a judicial process that is now well advanced in the countries surveyed.

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Nardin, Terry. « Moral Renewal : The Lessons of Eastern Europe ». Ethics & ; International Affairs 5 (mars 1991) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1991.tb00227.x.

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Nardin uses the Eastern European experience of the late 1980s and the works of Adam Michnik and Vaclav Havel to demonstrate the traditional cosmopolitan Kantian notion of morality in the “appeal to universal human values.” Nardin uses three major elements to argue the impossibility of such a concept: “the law of nature,” based on Stoic and Judeo-Christian foundation, focusing on reason and rationality of the individual rather than custom or divine authority; the uniqueness of various cultures challenging the universal “cosmopolitan” outlook on morality; and the differences among universal principles of morality relative to personal human experiences throughout time. Nardin concludes that the moral renewal in Eastern Europe is evidence that destructive consequences of moral diversity do not preclude a civil society once agreements on authoritative principles and laws are institutionalized. Each individual's own ethical conduct and internal moral guidance offer the basis for criticism and reform of law through membership in particular communities and common humanity.

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Dunne, Timothy. « International law, rights and politics : developments in eastern Europe and the CIS ». International Affairs 70, n^o 4 (octobre 1994) : 813–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2624628.

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Karadjova, Mariana. « Property Restitution in Eastern Europe : Domestic and International Human Rights Law Responses ». Review of Central and East European Law 29, n^o 3 (2004) : 325–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573035042132932.

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AbstractThis article presents an overview of how those East European countries that are members of the Council of Europe have approached the problems of restitution as a means of reparation for past injustices. In doing so, attention will be paid to: the entitled persons and the extent of restitution; the underlying motivations vis-à-vis the form of reparation (restitution in kind or compensation), and attitudes towards minority groups and foreigners as part of the restitution process. Emphasis will also be given to the role played by international instruments (the ECHR and its future Protocol 12, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, various UN resolutions, etc), as well as by judicial institutions (the European Court of Human Rights, the UN Human Rights Committee) in the evolution of the restitution process in Eastern Europe in general, and regarding such issues as equality between foreigners and nationals as well as minority and religious groups and the elaboration of an international standard of restitution as reparation for abuses of human rights in particular. The bodies of the ECHR have managed to avoid problems related to restitution and reparations for past injustices by arguing that the right of restitution is not guaranteed by art.1 of Protocol 1 to the the ECHR. But the entry into force of a new Protocol 12 to the Convention will likely result in changes being made in this thought process, at least as regards the position of foreigners. If measures denying restitution, owing to the claimant's nationality, were taken after ratifi cation of Protocol 12, the way should be opened in the future to foreigners (in addition to procedures before the UN Human Rights Committee) to more effectively defend their rights relative to such restorative measures: notably, the possibility of seizing the Strasbourg Court with claims relating to justifi cation for "unequal treatment". The right to remedy the injustices committed to the victims of violations of human rights and international humanitarian law has appeared with increasing frequency on the agenda of the UN Commission on Human Rights. Furthermore, in its recent case law, the UN Human Rights Committee has evidenced a concern over several questions relating to the respect of possessions; it has already opted for the proposition that any discrimination on the basis of nationality in restitution legislation can be deemed to be a violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Lastly, after ratifi cation of Protocol 12, we can expect a link to be forged between the vision of the UN Commission on Human Rights and that of the European Court of Human Rights that may—in the future—lead to the elaboration of a common international mechanism regulating restitution as a means for the reparation of abuses of human rights.

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WILSON, ELIZABETH, et DANA ŠVIHLOVÁ. « DEVELOPING MUNICIPAL CAPACITY FOR EIA IN SLOVAKIA ». Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 01, n^o 04 (décembre 1999) : 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333299000363.

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Effective implementation of environmental policy proves difficult in many countries. Even where there is a comprehensive policy framework, the capacity for implementation at the local level may be weak. In some countries of central and eastern Europe, such as Slovakia, local government has acquired new environmental responsibilities, but lacks the capacity for exercising these roles. The Slovakian environmental impact assessment (EIA) law, for example, gives local government a role as a channel for public comment. However, most municipalities lack the technical expertise or political experience to play an effective role in the EIA process. This paper describes a project supported by the UK Know-How Fund with Slovakian partners to develop municipal capacity. It offers a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme, and emphasises the need for training in EIA to relate to municipalities' other environmental responsibilities. It draws some conclusions on cross-national learning between local government in central and western Europe.

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Tomuschat, Christian. « Special Theme : Symposium on the History of International Law Scholarship in Central Eastern and Eastern Europe ». Baltic Yearbook of International Law Online 7, n^o 1 (2007) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22115897-99000020.

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Thèses sur le sujet "International and municipal law – Europe, Eastern"

Rasulov, Akbar. « A legal realist critique of the new international law regime relating to the treatment of minority communities in Eastern and Central Europe : a dialectical theoretical inquiry ». Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5838.

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This thesis is a work written in the genre of the legal realist critique. Its main topic is the development of the new international legal regime relating to the treatment of minority communities in Eastern and Central Europe (ECE) following the end of the Cold War. The general methodological approach on the basis of which it was produced derives primarily from the traditions of American legal realism and the first-wave critical legal studies (CLS). On a more fundamental level, the philosophical sensibility underlying this thesis's inquiry can be described as a combination of a non-Hegelian dialectical theory and historical materialism. The basic analytical project pursued in this thesis consists of two general investigative tasks each of which constitutes its own separate problematic. The first investigative task relates directly to the development of the new international law relating to the treatment of minority communities (ILTMC). Its main line of inquiry focuses primarily on that complex socio-historical transformation which has occurred in the ECE region in the last seventeen years and which has been marked on the plane of international law by the rapid emergence of the new ILTMC project. The second investigative task addressed in these pages relates to a somewhat more abstract subject matter. Its main line of inquiry can be preliminarily summarized in the form of the following question: "How should the general problematic of the new ILTMC project be investigated from the point of view of international law? " The theory of historical materialism practised in this thesis derives essentially from the works of the French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser. Despite the terminological parallels, it differs quite considerably from the similarly-named theories practised by the orthodox Marxist schools from the Second International onwards. In particular, it rejects in every form and guise all versions of Hegelian teleologism, which it considers to be a variation of ontological idealism, and adopts a position of extreme suspicion with regard to vulgar economism. In that context, for the purposes of the present thesis, the term "structural conjuncturalism" should be generally understood as the short name given to the basic analytical method developed in the framework of the historical materialist theory for the purposes of social sciences. Legal realism, in its turn, should be generally understood as the "local" variation of that method adapted for the specific purposes of juridical scholarship.

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ALBI, Anneli. « Central and Eastern European constitutions and EU integration : in a decade from 'souverainism' to 'federalism' ? » Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4539.

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BRAND, Marcus G. « Bulgaria in the Council of Europe : an appraisal after five years of membership ». Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5580.

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Cloyd, James Timothy. « Trading technology with Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R. : Power, interests, institutions, and discourse among allies ». 1991. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9207375.

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This dissertation analyses export control programs in the Western state system. The main focus is Western alliance collaboration on East-West technology transfer controls through COCOM. It examines post-1945 intra-alliance and intra-national perspectives on the relationship between East-West trade and Western security. Within four historical periods (1949-1964, 1965-1979, 1979-1989, 1989-1991) four questions are addressed: (a) How does the structural distribution of power and the nature of United States leadership affect collaboration on the form, the nature, and the enforcement of controls? (b) How does the nature of global economic competition affect Western alliance states' collaboration on and Western firms' compliance with export controls? (c) How does the nature and the distribution of power in intra-national politics on this issue affect United States policy and multilateral collaboration? (d) How does the nature of changing images and representations of security and threats to security affect United States policy and the nature of collaboration? The project thesis is that a multi-factor analysis is necessary for an appropriate understanding of the dynamics of discord and consensus over the terms of the Western alliance export control program. To conduct such an analysis the project draws on four theoretical frameworks: modified structural realism, a market explanation, institutionalism and discourse analysis. The study is a contribution to the literature on international relations theory, particularly the role of ideas in international policy collaboration. It draws on work in theories of language and discourse and microeconomic theories of contested exchange. The dissertation concludes that emerging opportunities regarding overall global security will result in a transformation of Western collaboration from East-West export control to a multi-directional technology transfer management system. The problems with this transformation and issues that must be addressed in a broader-based program (such as: the proliferation of missile, nuclear, and chemical weapons and environmental management) are considered.

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MAYORAL, DÍAZ-ASENSIO Juan Antonio. « The politics of judging EU law : a new approach to national courts in the legal integration of Europe ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/29634.

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Defence date: 5 December 2013
Examining Board: Professor Adrienne Héritier, European University Institute/ Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (Supervisor); Professor Bruno de Witte, European University Institute/Maastricht University; Professor Marlene Wind, University of Copenhagen; Professor Alec Stone Sweet, Yale University.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This research aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the political and institutional processes that are at work in the judicial application of EU law on a national level. As a main novelty, the research intends to go beyond judicial behaviour models that focus predominantly on explaining the use of preliminary references. One could namely suggest that the way national courts participate in the preliminary reference procedure is not sufficient to assess the available modes for the judicial integration of Europe. Accordingly, the study considers the impact of political institutional and attitudinal factors affecting the judicial enforcement of EU law. This is done by posing new questions, for instance, the relevance of national judges’ preferences towards EU legal order and institutions, as well as by evaluating and reviewing the impact of political and legal institutions on their behaviour and its consequences for policy areas. First of all, the analysis confirms the influence of judges’ evaluation of EU institutions and their national counterparts on their self-perception as EU judges and, subsequently, in the application of EU law. Secondly, the study shows how national institutions, like governments and national high courts, play a prominent role in shaping national courts’ incentives for the application of EU law, as they may use their institutional power to circumvent judges’ decisions. Finally, it reviews the strategic use of European instruments such as the CJEU precedent and its doctrines (e.g. supremacy) to overcome domestic threats when applying EU law. To conclude, the study tries to expand the explanatory power of the middle range accounts of the role national courts played, by integrating the analytical strength of the legalist/ intergovernmentalist theories into neo-functionalism.

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KOMNINOS, Assimakis P. « Decentralisation and application of EC competition law by national courts and arbitrators : the awakening of EC private antitrust enforcement ». Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6908.

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Defence date: 12 January 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Claus-Dieter Ehlermann (Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Prof. Laurence Idot (Ext. co-supervisor, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne) ; Sir Francis Jacobs (King's College London) ; Prof. Christian Joerges (European University Institute)
First made available online 11 September 2018
This dissertation, written by an academic-cum-practitioner with substantial experience in the field of antitrust enforcement, presents the rise of private enforcement of competition law in Europe, especially in the context of the recent modernisation and decentralisation of EC competition law enforcement. In particular, the study examines the role of courts in the application of the EC competition rules and views that role in the broader system of antitrust enforcement. The author starts from the premise of private enforcement's independence of public enforcement and after examining the new institutional position of national courts and their relationship with the Court of Justice, the Commission, and public enforcement in general, proceeds to deal with the detailed substantive and procedural law framework of private antitrust actions in Europe. The author describes the current post-decentralisation state of affairs but also refers to the latest proposals to enhance private antitrust enforcement in Europe both at the Community level, where reference is made to the December 2005 Commission Green Paper on Damages Actions and its aftermath, and at the national level, where reference is made to recent and forthcoming relevant initiatives.

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Livres sur le sujet "International and municipal law – Europe, Eastern"

Erik, Frankx, et Smis Stefaan, dir. The reception of international law in Central and Eastern Europe. Antwerp : Maklu, 2002.

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George, Ginsburgs, Clark Roger Stenson, Feldbrugge, F. J. M. 1933- et Pomorski Stanisław, dir. International and national law in Russia and Eastern Europe : Essays in honor of George Ginsburgs. The Hague : M. Nijhoff Publishers, 2001.

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Constitutional evolution in Central and Eastern Europe : Expansion and integration in the EU. Burlington, VT : Ashgate Pub., 2010.

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(Netherlands), Adviesraad Internationale Vraagstukken. The Eastern Partnership. The Hague, The Netherlands : Advisory Council on International Affairs (AIV), 2009.

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EU enlargement and the constitutions of Central and Eastern Europe. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge Univeristy Press, 2005.

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Max-Planck-Institut für Ausländisches Öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, dir. Von der Transformation zur Kooperationsoffenheit ? : Die Öffnung der Rechtsordnungen ausgewählter Staaten Mittel- und Osteuropas für das Völker- und Europarecht = From transformation to openness for cooperation ? : legal system development in Central and Eastern European states to accommodate international and European law (English summary). Berlin : Springer, 2009.

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A, Mullerson R., Fitzmaurice M, Andenæs Mads Tønnesson 1957- et King's College (University of London). Centre of European Law., dir. Constitutional reform and international law in Central and Eastern Europe. The Hague : Kluwer Law International, 1998.

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Niglia, Leone. The transformation of contract in Europe. The Hague : Kluwer Law International, 2003.

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S, Laurie Ronald, et Elder Lawrence E, dir. International intellectual property : The European Community and Eastern Europe. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall Law & Business, 1992.

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Europe and its members : A constitutional approach. Brookfield, Vt : Dartmouth, 1995.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "International and municipal law – Europe, Eastern"

Biryukov, Oleksandr. « International Law and Frozen Conflicts in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus ». Dans International Law and Development in the Global South, 79–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13741-9_6.

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Górski, Jędrzej. « Investment Screening Mechanism (ISM) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) : Case Study of Poland ». Dans International Law and the Global South, 485–526. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1368-6_20.

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Stein, Eric. « International Law and Internal Law in the New Constitutions of Central-Eastern Europe ». Dans Recht zwischen Umbruch und Bewahrung, 865–84. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57785-7_54.

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Senker, Jacqueline, Christien Enzing et Thomas Reiss. « Biotechnology in Central and Eastern Europe : An Overview of Performance and Policy Systems ». Dans The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology, 13–35. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9784-2_2.

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Mouralis, Guillaume. « The Rejection of International Criminal Law in West Germany after the Second World War ». Dans History, Memory and Politics in Central and Eastern Europe, 226–41. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137302052_14.

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« International Law in the Polish Municipal Legal Order : A Historical Overview and the Current Constitutional Status ». Dans International and National Law in Russia and Eastern Europe, 295–317. Brill | Nijhoff, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004480766_013.

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« “True” Law, “Façade” Law, Shadow Law ». Dans International and National Law in Russia and Eastern Europe, 355–60. Brill | Nijhoff, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004480766_016.

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Razim, Jakub, et Lenka Šmídová Malárová. « Town Law Books in East Central Europe ». Dans Lectures on East Central European Legal History, 125–46. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.ps.loecelh_6.

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This chapter focuses on the town law books written in the historical territory of Central and Eastern Europe. Town law books, in a broader sense, consist of a wide range of manuscripts. They are a result of cities’ literary production and include a considerable number of codes that served the municipal administration and jurisdiction. Using the example of the Czech lands, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, and Poland, the authors seek to point out the role this crucial legal source plays, which mirrors the quality of legal culture and life in medieval and early modern cities. Our chapter contains several subchapters dedicated to each of the abovementioned countries. These subchapters begin with an explanation of the origins of towns in a particular region, followed by discussion about the municipal administration, the judiciary, and the nature of local municipal law and municipal documents. At the end of every subchapter, there is also a more detailed explanation of the selected legal source.

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Pejchal, Viera. « International soft law and hate speech regulation ». Dans Hate Speech and Human Rights in Eastern Europe, 165–96. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003005742-8.

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« Minorities in Eastern Europe and the former USSR : Problems, trends and proctection ». Dans International Law, Rights and Politics, 105–30. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203976869-9.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "International and municipal law – Europe, Eastern"

Liu, Siyang. « China-Czech Relations from the Perspective of Chinese Foreign Policy in Central and Eastern Europe Under Xi Jinping ». Dans 2021 International Conference on Social Science:Public Administration, Law and International Relations (SSPALIR 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210916.033.

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Ildırar, Mustafa, et Erhan İşcan. « Corruption, Poverty and Economic Performance : Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01261.

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Corruption, defined as “the misuse of public power for private benefit.” The World Bank describes corruption as one of the greatest obstacles to economic and social development. It undermines development by distorting the rule of law and weakening the institutional foundation on which economic performance depends. In past decades, many theoretical and empirical studies have presented corruption hinders investment, reduces economic growth, restricts trade, distorts government expenditures and strengthens the underground economy. In addition, they have shown a strong connection between corruption and poverty and income inequality. On the other hand, the literature on corruption points to the conclusion that corruption by itself does not lead to poverty. Rather, corruption has direct consequences on economic and governance factors, intermediaries that in turn produce poverty. Although corruption is seen in many countries in the world, it is higher and widespread in developing countries. This study investigates relation between corruption, poverty, and economic performance by using a panel consisting of countries in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia countries. It was shown that corruption affected directly economic performance and low economic performance leads to poverty. Additionally, results imply that rules against corruption could affect economic growth indirectly through their impact on the level of corruption.

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Meier, Jan Hendrik, Tetiana Paientko et Kristina Reschke. « Takeover law regulations and their influence on the takeover premium – An empirical study of the OECD Member States ». Dans 21st International Joint Conference Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment : Proceedings. University of Economics in Bratislava, Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2021.krn.4816.14.

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Christián, László, et József Bacsárdi. « A Stepchild of the Hungarian Law Enforcement System ? Function and Public Image of the Hungarian Local Governmental Law Enforcement organisations ». Dans Twelfth Biennial International Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe : From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy–making. University of Maribor Pres, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-174-2.11.

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Stănilă, Laura. « The New Face of Criminal Law – Towards a Better Future ? » Dans Twelfth Biennial International Conference Criminal Justice and Security in Central and Eastern Europe : From Common Sense to Evidence-based Policy–making. University of Maribor Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-174-2.53.

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Lotko, Ewa. « Method of Incurring Public Expenditure in Relation to New Public Procurement Legislation in Poland ». Dans The XX International Scientific Conference "Functioning of Investments Financed from State Resources and from Other Sources in The Countries of Central And Eastern Europe". Temida 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/ipf.2022.10.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss new legal solutions whose implementation may contribute to spending public funds in a targeted and cost-effective manner, obtaining the best effects from the given outlay. This article tries to answer the question whether the new Public procurement law facilitates effective spending of public funds. The conducted analysis includes legal provisions, work of the doctrine as well as data published by the Polish Public Procurement Office. A legal-dogmatic method is the main research method in this paper. The analysis conducted here allows to state that the principle of efficiency under Public procurement law should guarantee spending funds in a targeted and cost-effective manner with maintaining rules arising from the Act on public finance. Therefore, the actions of the legislator connected with the implementation of the new legal legislation on awarding public procurement which promotes greater care for efficient use of public funds should be assessed positively.

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Janik, Ewa. « Public Financing of Restructuring ». Dans The XX International Scientific Conference "Functioning of Investments Financed from State Resources and from Other Sources in The Countries of Central And Eastern Europe". Temida 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/ipf.2022.03.

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The Restructuring Law of 15 May 2015 makes provision for enterprises who wish to seek restructuring in a crisis situation. Restructuring, understood as the totality of activities from the time that difficulties arise to the time that financial health is restored, can be carried out successfully when appropriate financial support is secured. An important problem in the context of insolvency law is what instruments are available and where to seek financial assistance. This article focuses on entities that can offer help to a business in crisis, presents the national aid program “New Opportunity Policy”, designed to provide businesses with support from public funds, and discusses public aid instruments (rescue aid, temporary support and restructuring aid). It needs to be kept in mind that the company’s financial situation will determine which public aid instruments can be chosen to provide funding. The paper also highlights signifi cant difficulties in obtaining private (internal, external) financing for restructuring. With the public support offered under Guidelines [EFTA Surveillance Authority Decision No. 321/14/COL of 10 September 2014], the state can support an enterprise that is insolvent or endangered with insolvency in a difficult financial situation.

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Kałążny, Adam. « The Impact of Changes in the Interpretation of Normative Acts on the Stimulating Function of the Tax on the Example of The Polish Real Estate Tax ». Dans The XX International Scientific Conference "Functioning of Investments Financed from State Resources and from Other Sources in The Countries of Central And Eastern Europe". Temida 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/ipf.2022.04.

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The article presents the issue of variability in the approach to the interpretation of tax law by courts. The author’s goal is to determine how changes in the approach to the interpretation of regulations may affect the implementation of the tax stimulating function. The analysis was carried out on the example of Polish regulations governing real estate tax, in particular providing for two types of tax exemptions: for harbour infrastructure and for railway infrastructure. Since in Poland the real estate tax paid on infrastructure facilities is a significant burden for entrepreneurs, tax exemptions have a large stimulating function by encouraging taxpayers to build and maintain certain types of assets (e.g., harbours, railway lines). The author presents how the approach taken by the courts to the interpretation of the exemption for harbour infrastructure resulted in the exclusion of river harbours from the scope of the exemption. At the same time, contrary to this approach, the subsequent line of interpretation of the courts regarding the railway exemption enabled taxpayers to exempt railway sidings from tax. Despite this change, in the case of river harbours, the courts are still sticking to the old approach, as a result of which the stimulating function of the tax exemption for river harbours does not work.

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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. « EU Enlargement to the Balkans : Membership Perspective to the Balkan Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01163.

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After the dispersion of the Soviet Union, the European Union embarked upon an intense relationship with the Central and Eastern European Countries. The transition into capital market and democratization of these countries had been supported by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of 1989 before the collapse of the Soviet Union System. The European Agreements were signed between the EU and Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia on December 16th, 1991. 10 Central and Eastern Europe Countries became the members of the EU on May 1st, 2004. With the accession of Bulgaria and Romania into the EU on January 1st, 2007, the number of the EU member countries reached up to 27, and finally extending to 28 with the membership of Croatia to the EU on July 1st, 2013. Removing the Western Balkan States, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina from the scope of external relations, the EU included these countries in the enlargement process in 2005.The European Commission has determined 2014 enlargement policy priorities as dealing with the fundamentals on preferential basis. In this context, the developments in the Balkans will be closely monitored within the scope of a new approach giving priority to the superiority of law. The enlargement process of the EU towards the Balkans and whether or not the Western Balkan States will join the Union will be analyzed.

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Konkovs, Karlis Aleksandrs, Rasa Ikstena, Ilze Zvera, Maris Ozolins et Raimonds Ernsteins. « Lake governance developments in Latvia : lake Lubans governing process studies applying governance system framing model ». Dans 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.019.

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The overall frame of this research was the governance process of surface water resources in Latvia, particularly, public lakes, to be studied by applying triple dimensional governance framing model of complementary dimensions of governance stakeholders, governance content and governance instruments. Studies were realized in the area of Lake Lubans, administratively located on the border areas between two municipalities of Madona and Rezekne in the eastern part of the country. Lake Lubans is the largest lake in Latvia, as well as the largest dammed lake in Europe, included in surrounding NATURA 2000 nature reserve territory as also nationally largest inland protected wetland complex (Lubana Wetland/Ramsar site, 2009). Case Study Research methodology was applied by approaching the study area not only as a nature protection area but especially as a socio-ecological territorial and human system, using indepth semi-structured interviews in the surrounding areas/administrative territories with all main local-regional and also national stakeholder groups, as well as, applying document studies and territorial/objects’ observations. The National Nature Protection Agency’s Latgale region branch as the legal administrator supervises all nature protection territories in the region and also the Lubana Wetland, which is still lacking statutory Nature Protection Plan for the area; and, due to very limited administrative capacities, Agency is to be oriented more towards c ooperation with various other national and regional institutions from very different sectors, being organized under mainly two ministries involved – Environmental and Regional Development Ministry (nature, environmental, municipal and regional development sectors) and Agriculture Ministry (agriculture, forestry, fisheries, water infrastructure sectors), as well as, particularly, with many municipalities in the wetland area. But municipalities have to take into account also interests of local communities, the basic socio-economic development situation and possibilities, having also limited capacities, sometimes also approaches, which all is to be combined with strong nature protection requirements and limitations. This governance landscape requires co-relation of various and diverse interests and creates a rather fragmented and underdeveloped management of the lake. Lake water levels are fully regulated by the national Water infrastructure agency using dams and other hydro-technical systems, while water areas are used not only for highly popular angling, but also for active commercial fishing and various recreational activities, tourism, esp. bird watching etc., thus also keeping strong nature protection status in the same time, which all represent a unique challenge for to be developed multi-stakeholders and socioecological system (SES) approach for lake governance (assessment, planning, collaborative management, monitoring, and communication) developments in Latvia and alike.

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