Bibliographies thématiques / Interface situation

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Interface situation »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 7 septembre 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Interface situation"

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You, Fang, Xu Yan, Jun Zhang et Wei Cui. « Design Factors of Shared Situation Awareness Interface in Human–Machine Co-Driving ». Information 13, no 9 (16 septembre 2022) : 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13090437.

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Automated vehicles can perceive their environment and control themselves, but how to effectively transfer the information perceived by the vehicles to human drivers through interfaces, or share the awareness of the situation, is a problem to be solved in human–machine co-driving. The four elements of the shared situation awareness (SSA) interface, namely human–machine state, context, current task status, and plan, were analyzed and proposed through an abstraction hierarchy design method to guide the output of the corresponding interface design elements. The four elements were introduced to visualize the interface elements and design the interface prototype in the scenario of “a vehicle overtaking with a dangerous intention from the left rear”, and the design schemes were experimentally evaluated. The results showed that the design with the four elements of an SSA interface could effectively improve the usability of the human–machine interface, increase the levels of human drivers’ situational awareness and prediction of dangerous intentions, and boost trust in the automatic systems, thereby providing ideas for the design of human–machine collaborative interfaces that enhance shared situational awareness in similar scenarios.
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Jauk, Werner. « Interfaces – a Musical Situation ». Musicological Annual 43, no 1 (1 décembre 2007) : 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.43.1.43-51.

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An interface may be considered being a (social) situation where information is transferred effecting and affecting both, the communicator and the recipient. There is evidence, that musical performance could be argued to be a paradigm of this situation. As musical performance is part of a communication-process formalized in music an interface is part of a communication-process formalized in a non-mechanistic virtual reality. Musical perfomance as well as interfaces are based on expressive bahavior – by giving access to they “construct” music and virtual realities. These hypotheses are argued on the basis of experimental data of communication-processes as well as theories of music and media-art.
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Burns, Catherine, Greg Jamieson, Gyrd Skraaning, Nathan Lau et Jordanna Kwok. « Supporting Situation Awareness Through Ecological Interface Design ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no 4 (octobre 2007) : 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100413.

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A full-scope simulation study with licensed nuclear power plant operators was conducted to evaluate whether displays designed using Ecological Interface Design (EID) could support improved Situation Awareness over traditional displays. EID demonstrated performance advantages over traditional displays in beyond-design basis scenarios where operators were unable to rely on procedures. The same effects were not seen in within-design basis scenarios where procedures were available. This suggests that EID has the potential to improve SA in unanticipated situations, but that ecological interfaces should be supported with task-based displays in procedure-driven situations.
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Mormul, Mathias, Pascal Hirmer, Matthias Wieland et Bernhard Mitschang. « Situation model as interface between situation recognition and situation-aware applications ». Computer Science - Research and Development 32, no 3-4 (11 novembre 2016) : 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00450-016-0335-2.

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Lu, Jin, Jun Ma et Zaiyan Gong. « Design of Human-Machine Interaction Interface for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Multidimensional Perceptual Context ». Scientific Programming 2021 (25 novembre 2021) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5859800.

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The objective of the study is to provide guidance for automobile human-computer interface design through the research, practice, and evaluation of intelligent driving automobile human-computer interfaces. In this study, the methods of intelligent vehicle automatic cruise control function, theoretical models of the situation analysis, and a three-level information architecture are proposed and designed. During the study, interface space layout is combined with the interactive interface design. The results obtained on the basis of the proposed three levels of perception and prediction of situation awareness are combined with typical application scenarios. The information on AR-HUD and W-HUD in anterior cingulate cortex (or ACC) function is analyzed. The feasibility of the theory is verified through the design practice of information architecture design, key prototype, and typical effect diagram. The human-computer interaction interface based on situational awareness can effectively clarify the display content and process of information and improve the usability of the interface.
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Oliveira, Natália, Fábio Rodrigues, Jessica Souza, Leonardo Botega et Regina Araújo. « Interface de Usuários para o Enriquecimento da Consciência Situacional em Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Emergência ». Journal on Advances in Theoretical and Applied Informatics 1, no 1 (6 octobre 2015) : 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26729/jadi.v1i1.1054.

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Situational Awareness (SAW) is a concept widely used in areas that require critical decision making, such as in the field of emergency management. SAW is related to the level of perception and understanding that an individual has about real events occurring in complex scenarios, which must be managed by critical systems. Such critical systems require specialized user interfaces (UI) to give operators a dynamic understanding of what is happening in the environment. A challenging issue in the design of SAW-oriented interfaces is to determine how the human-computer interface process can be constructed for SAW enrichment, considering environments with heterogeneous data sources, limitations in data quality, and ever-changing situations. The problem increases when information is subject to uncertainties, which may compromise the situation analysis process. In addition, humans make decisions based on their own understanding of the event, which allied with experience and knowledge can be valuable assets to be used to process situational information about emergencies for the acquisition of SAW. The objective of this work is to demonstrate how to include a SAI-oriented UI in the process of evaluating emergency situations and to present the development of a UI that promotes the management of situational information of emergencies to promote the acquisition of SAW. The results present a specified routine for employing specialized UIs in SAW as part of a situation assessment process, which supports a strong integration between the human operator and other phases of the process, such as quality assessment, data fusion and information visualization , As well as a prototype interface that meets the process. A case study with a critical scenario of a theft event is also presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach
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RICE, CURT. « Gaps and repairs at the phonology–morphology interface ». Journal of Linguistics 43, no 1 (27 février 2007) : 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226706004488.

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The paper discusses phonologically motivated gaps in inflectional paradigms. A model is offered in which the appearance of gaps is based on a tension between markedness constraints, faithfulness constraints, and constraints which require the expression of morphological categories. After presenting the model, additional implications are analyzed. Situations in which the same problem has different solutions in different morphological contexts are predicted insofar as constraints requiring the expression of different categories can vary in their ranking relative to some faithfulness constraint. Hence, the same phonotactic problem can yield a gap in one situation and a repair in another. This prediction is illustrated and further details of the prediction are explored, including the identification of a situation requiring a more restrictive version of the model. This is achieved by drawing on Smith's (2001) proposal that faithfulness constraints can be indexed to lexical categories to model this situation.
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Lindemann, Patrick, Tae-Young Lee et Gerhard Rigoll. « Catch My Drift : Elevating Situation Awareness for Highly Automated Driving with an Explanatory Windshield Display User Interface ». Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 2, no 4 (11 octobre 2018) : 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti2040071.

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Broad access to automated cars (ACs) that can reliably and unconditionally drive in all environments is still some years away. Urban areas pose a particular challenge to ACs, since even perfectly reliable systems may be forced to execute sudden reactive driving maneuvers in hard-to-predict hazardous situations. This may negatively surprise the driver, possibly causing discomfort, anxiety or loss of trust, which might be a risk for the acceptance of the technology in general. To counter this, we suggest an explanatory windshield display interface with augmented reality (AR) elements to support driver situation awareness (SA). It provides the driver with information about the car’s perceptive capabilities and driving decisions. We created a prototype in a human-centered approach and implemented the interface in a mixed-reality driving simulation. We conducted a user study to assess its influence on driver SA. We collected objective SA scores and self-ratings, both of which yielded a significant improvement with our interface in good (medium effect) and in bad (large effect) visibility conditions. We conclude that explanatory AR interfaces could be a viable measure against unwarranted driver discomfort and loss of trust in critical urban situations by elevating SA.
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Galiautdinov, Rinat. « Brain Machine Interface ». International Journal of Applied Research in Bioinformatics 10, no 1 (janvier 2020) : 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijarb.2020010102.

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The main purpose of the article is to provide the solution which allows the muscles to work in a situation when neural connection is corrupted either due to illness or injury, which usually causes paralysis. The research is on the interpretation of the brain signals based on the analysis of neurotransmitters and the transformation of this analysis into the electric signals effecting on the muscle in the situation when neural circuit between a sensor/inter neuron and a motor neuron is broken. This method would allow paralyzed people to move their limbs and potentially to walk.
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Soyluçiçek, Seza. « The situation and importance of game interface design education in Turkey and a lesson proposal ». Global Journal of Arts Education 7, no 4 (29 décembre 2017) : 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v7i4.2894.

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Digital gaming industry has been an entertainment area that, since the mid 20th century, has come into prominence and distinguished itself in the game industry. Digital games have come a long way and reached large numbers of users since the time they got into the market. As for the digital game industry, the education of game design, along with the game production, is given high importance especially in USA and Europe. In these countries, game interface design with regards to programming and aesthetically designing is given place in the bachelor and master’s degree education. It can be said that, in Turkey, the number of researches in this field, lessons and game companies has been increasing in recent years. However, it’s clear that as a country, we have to come into prominence more in the international game field. As the necessity of developing more appealing, qualified and unique game interfaces is known, game companies are to act responsibly during the game interface design process. In terms of the creation of scenes, characters, environments, animations and the usage of the game engines, more professional tools and techniques are used and more original game designs are pursued nowadays. With regard to this, it’s clear that the need for qualified graphic designers to design aesthetically successful game interfaces has been increasing and will continue to. It’s seen that game design lessons have started to be given at bachelor and master’s degree programs at Universities in Turkey. Yet, the lessons are mostly on game programming at departments such as computer engineering. Game interface design lessons, on the other hand, are given at certain universities. In this study, the proposal of a game interface design lesson that can take place in the curriculum of Visual Communication Design or Graphic Departments of Fine Arts Faculties at Universities in Turkey is examined. Keywords: Game interface design education, graphic design education, game design, curricula.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Interface situation"

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Marcellin, Louis. « Les membranes foetales humaines : une interface materno-foetale en situation physiologique et physiopathologique ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB159/document.

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Hsu, Hsiao-Ting M. « Design of a tablet sized human-computer interface and its effect on situation awareness ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/84679/1/Hsiao-Ting_Hsu_Thesis.pdf.

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Emergency Response Teams increasingly use interactive technology to help manage information and communications. The challenge is to maintain a high situation awareness for different interactive devices sizes. This research specifically compared a handheld interactive device in the form of an iPad with a large interactive multi-touch tabletop. A search and rescue inspired simulator was designed to test operator situation awareness for the two sized devices. The results show that operators had better situation awareness on the tabletop device when the operation related to detecting of moving targets, searching target locations, distinguishing target types, and comprehending displayed information.
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Findler, Michael James. « Cognitively Sensitive User Interface for Command and Control Applications ». Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1310525314.

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Bressolette, Benjamin. « Manipulations gestuelles d'un objet virtuel sonifié pour le contrôle d'une interface en situation de conduite ». Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDM0009/document.

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Les constructeurs automobiles proposent un vaste éventail de fonctions secondaires à la conduite, en relation avec le GPS, la musique, ou encore la ventilation. L'ensemble de ces fonctions est centralisé sur un écran accessible au centre de l'habitacle, équipé d'une dalle tactile dans nombre de véhicules récents. Cependant, leur manipulation en conduite peut se révéler périlleuse : la sollicitation de la modalité visuelle pour interagir avec l'interface peut entraîner une baisse de vigilance vis-à-vis de la tâche de conduite, ce qui peut mener à des situations dangereuses. Au cours de cette thèse, fruit d'une collaboration entre le Groupe PSA et le laboratoire PRISM, nous nous sommes attachés à proposer une association de gestes et de sons comme alternative à une sollicitation visuelle. Le but est de proposer des interactions réalisables en aveugle, pour permettre au conducteur de focaliser ses yeux sur la route. Pour réaliser conjointement une manipulation de l'interface et une tâche de conduite, une sollicitation multisensorielle peut en effet permettre de faire baisser la charge mentale du conducteur, en comparaison à une situation unimodale visuelle. Pour que le lien entre les gestes et les sons paraisse naturel, un objet virtuel a été introduit, manipulable grâce à des gestes. Cet objet est le support des stratégies de sonification, par analogie aux sons de notre environnement, qui sont la conséquence d'une action sur un objet. L'objet virtuel permet également de structurer différents gestes autour d'une même métaphore, ou encore de redéfinir le menu d'une interface. La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à la mise au point de stratégies de sonification pour transmettre des informations pertinentes sur la dynamique de l'objet virtuel. Deux expériences perceptives ont été mises en place, qui ont conduit à la discrimination de deux stratégies de sonification intéressantes. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons œuvré à la mise en situation automobile par un travail sur les stimuli sonores, sur l'interface, et par l'étude de l'intégration multisensorielle. Un design des stratégies de sonification a été proposé pour permettre de se projeter dans une utilisation en véhicule. Par la suite, les évocations provoquées par le couplage des gestes et des sons ont été au centre d'une troisième expérience perceptive. Cette étude a été effectuée en aveugle, où le concept d'objet virtuel était inconnu et découvert progressivement par les sujets. Ces images mentales véhiculées par les stratégies de sonification peuvent en effet être utiles lors de la familiarisation des utilisateurs avec l'interface. Une quatrième expérience perceptive s'est concentrée sur la prise en main de l'objet virtuel, où l'intégration des stimuli visuels et auditifs a été étudiée, dans le contexte du maniement d'une interface. Les sujets ont été placés dans des conditions similaires à la découverte de l'interface en véhicule à l'arrêt, avec des stimuli audio-visuels ; puis à son utilisation en aveugle grâce aux stratégies de sonification. Les enseignements de ces expériences ont permis de bâtir une interface gestuelle, qui a été comparée à une interface tactile dans une dernière expérience perceptive réalisée en simulateur de conduite. Bien que les résultats montrent une utilisation plus performante de l'interface tactile, l'association des gestes et des sons semble intéressante du point de vue de la charge cognitive des conducteurs. L'interface gestuelle peut donc offrir une alternative prometteuse ou un complément aux interfaces tactiles pour une utilisation simultanée à la conduite en toute sécurité
Car manufacturers offer a wide range of secondary driving controls, such as GPS, music, or ventilation, often localized on a central touch-sensitive screen. However, operating them while driving proves to be unsafe: engaging the sense of sight for interface interaction can lead to vigilance reduction towards the driving task, which can lead to high-risk situations. In this PhD thesis, which is a part of a collaborative research project involving both the PSA Group and the PRISM laboratory, we aim to provide a gesture and sound association as an alternative to the visual solicitation. The goal is to enable blind interface interactions, allowing the driver to focus their eyes on the road. When jointly performing interface manipulations and the driving task, a multisensory solicitation can lower the driver's cognitive load, in comparison with a visual unimodal situation. For the gesture-sound association to feel more natural, a virtual object that can be handled with gestures is introduced. This object is the support for sonification strategies, constructed by analogy with sounds from our environment, which are the consequence of an action on an object .The virtual object also allows to structure different gestures around the same metaphor, or to redefine the interface's menu. The first part of this thesis deals with the development of sonification strategies, with the aim to inform users about the virtual object dynamic. Two perceptual experiments were set up, which led to the discrimination of two valuable sonification strategies. In a second part, the automotive application was addressed by designing new sound stimuli, the interface, and by studying the multisensory integration. Sounds were proposed for each of the two sonification strategies, to progress towards an in-vehicle integration. The evocations brought by the gestures and sounds association were the subject of a third perceptive blinded experiment. The concepts around the virtual object were unknown and gradually discovered by the subjects. These mental images conveyed by the sonification strategies can help users familiarize with the interface. A fourth perceptual experiment focused on the virtual object handling for first-time users, where the integration of audio-visual stimuli was studied, in the context of an interface manipulation. The experiment conditions were similar to the driver first discovering of the interface in a parked vehicle thanks to audio-visual stimuli, and then operating it through sonification strategies only. The results of this experiment lead to the design of a gestural interface, which was compared with the results obtained with a touchscreen interface in a final perceptual experiment, carried out in a driving simulator. Although the results show better performances for the tactile interface, the combination of gestures and sounds proved to be effective from the cognitive load point of view. The gesture interface can therefore offer a promising alternative or complement to tactile interfaces for a safe simultaneous use in driving condition
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Atherton, John A. « Supporting Remote Manipulation : An Ecological Approach ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1895.

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User interfaces for remote robotic manipulation widely lack sufficient support for situation awareness and, consequently, can induce high mental workload. With poor situation awareness, operators may fail to notice task-relevant features in the environment often leading the robot to collide with the environment. With high workload, operators may not perform well over long periods of time and may feel stressed. We present an ecological visualization that improves operator situation awareness. Our user study shows that operators using the ecological interface collided with the environment on average half as many times compared with a typical interface, even with a poorly calibrated 3D sensor; however, users performed more quickly with the typical interface. The primary benefit of the user study is identifying several changes to the design of the user interface; preliminary results indicate that these changes improve the usability of the manipulator.
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Oliveira, Állan César Moreira de. « Model-based design of user interfaces to support situation awareness in maintenance ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8686.

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Situation Awareness (SAW) is a cognitive process defined as the perception of elements and events within a time frame, the understanding of their situation and the projection of their status. SAW is a prerequisite for decision-making in dynamic and complex systems and errors in SAW are an acknowledged source of human errors and accidents. Its study is pivotal in many industries, such as aviation, military, oil, gas and rails, and it is being increasingly considered for maintenance, since this activity is deemed critical for every industry. New technologies to support maintenance, such as E-Maintenance, will provide easier access to the desired information to technicians, but the way new technologies lead to improved SAW is influenced by how information is presented in the User Interface (UI), and many UIs for maintenance technicians support their decision-making regarding procedural and technical criteria, but not economical, legal, ethical and political. Therefore, they only allow a partial development of the user SAW, but not the complete comprehension and projection of a situation. These UIs ignore information requirements such as: risks and conditions of the environment; automations; actions and decisions of team members; rules, regulations and policies of enterprises. Therefore, the design and development of UIs to improve SAW in maintenance is compromised by the few solutions in the state of the art for SAW supportive UI design, for model-based design process and for frameworks and reference architectures. Cognizant to this gap, this thesis proposes a solution for the design and development of Situation Awareness support User Interfaces (SASUI) for maintenance work. For that three contributions are proposed: a conceptual framework of Situation Awareness Aspects (FSA) that assists developers in structuring heterogeneous sources of data into a knowledge representation model, to obtain a state oriented view of SAW; a multiagent architecture that instantiates and controls UIs to improve their support of SAW, by using a blend of SAW and UI agents to express the situation (and its projection) of real world entities in the UI; a methodology to create Model-based SAW User Interfaces (MBSAW-UI), in which designers model agents that will assist users in acquiring the SAW necessary for their decision-making process. These contributions follow a Cognitive Engineering approach to guide software developers in the UI design process and also empower domain experts to model their UIs, enabling an End-User Development (EUD) paradigm that facilitate future updates to the system. A study case of a maintenance activity was developed to evaluate these solutions, with two interfaces: a UI designed using MBSAW-UI; a UI designed using solely a Hierarchical Task Analysis. An experiment was performed and showed a 78% increase in SAW with the UI designed to support SAW, which lead to enhanced efficacy (3,85x less errors) and safety (3,87x less errors regarding unsafe behavior).
Consciência Situacional (SAW) é um processo cognitivo definido como a percepção de elementos e eventos em um volume de tempo e espaço, o entendimento da situação atual e a projeção do seu estado futuro. SAW é um pré-requisito para a tomada de decisão em sistemas complexos e dinâmicos, e os problemas em SAW são uma fonte reconhecida de erros humanos e acidentes. O estudo de SAW não só é fundamental em muitos setores (como, por exemplo, aviação, forças armadas, óleo, gás e ferrovias), como vem sendo considerado, de forma crescente, em áreas como a manutenção, que é uma atividade crítica para todas as indústrias. Novas tecnologias para apoio a manutenção, como a E-Manutenção, vão prover melhor acesso a informações desejadas, porém a SAW de um trabalhador que lida com tecnologia está correlacionada a Interface do Usuário (IU) do sistema, e diversas IUs para manutenção apoiam a tomada de decisão considerando critérios procedurais e técnicos, mas não econômicos, legais, éticos e políticos. Portanto elas somente apoiam um desenvolvimento parcial da SAW de seu usuário, mas não a completa compreensão e projeção da situação. Estas interfaces ignoram requisitos de informação como: riscos e condições do ambiente; automações; ações e decisões de colegas de equipe; regras, regulamentos e políticas das empresas. Dessa forma, o design e desenvolvimento de IUs para aprimorar a SAW na manutenção são comprometidos pelas poucas soluções no estado da arte de design de IU para apoio a SAW, de processos de design baseado em modelos e de frameworks e arquiteturas de referência. Ciente desta lacuna, esta tese propõe uma solução para design e desenvolvimento de Interfaces do Usuário que apoiam o estabelecimento de SAW (SASUI) em trabalhos de manutenção. Três contribuições foram geradas: um framework conceitual de aspectos de SAW (FSA) que auxilia desenvolvedores a estruturar fontes de dados heterogêneas em um modelo de representação do conhecimento, para obter uma visão de SAW orientada a estado; uma arquitetura multiagente que instancia e controla IUs para aprimorar o apoio a SAW, usando uma combinação de agentes de SAW e IU que expressam a situação (e projeção) de entidades do mundo real; e, finalmente, uma metodologia para criar IUs para SAW baseada em modelos (MBSAW-UI), na qual designers modelam agentes que irão auxiliar usuários a adquirir a SAW necessária para seu processo de tomada de decisão. Estas contribuições seguem uma abordagem de Engenharia Cognitiva para guiar desenvolvedores de software no processo de design de IU e para permitir especialistas de domínio a modelar suas IUs, habilitando um paradigma de End-User Development (EUD) que facilita futuras atualizações ao sistema. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso de uma atividade de manutenção para avaliar as soluções propostas, usando duas interfaces: uma projetada usando a metodologia MBSAWUI; e outra usando somente análise hierárquica de tarefas. Experimentos realizados mostram que as interfaces geradas com a metodologia proposta neste trabalho proporcionaram um aumento de 78% na SAW, o que levou a uma melhor eficácia (3,85x menos erros) e segurança (3,87x menos erros relacionados a comportamentos arriscados).
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Gros, Frédérique. « Lien entre satisfaction professionnelle et interface travail-famille chez des marins en situation de célibat géographique ». Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0004/document.

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Cette recherche s’intéresse au vécu des célibataires géographiques dans la marine nationale. Le but de ce travail est, d’une part, de comprendre leur ressenti de l’interface travail-famille et de la satisfaction professionnelle et, d’autre part, d’analyse le lien entre ces deux variables et la relation qu’elles entretiennent avec le turnover volontaire. Nous faisions l’hypothèse que les célibataires géographiques ressentiraient davantage de conflit travail-famille et d’insatisfaction professionnelle que les marins qui n’étaient pas dans cette situation. De plus, la satisfaction professionnelle a été envisagée comme un antécédent du vécu de l’interface travail-famille. Finalement, nous faisions l’hypothèse que le lien entre satisfaction et interface travail-famille aurait une répercussion sur le turnover volontaire. Pour tester ces différentes hypothèses, une étude qualitative et trois études quantitatives ont été réalisées sur 5 787 marins. Il existe bien des différences entre célibataires géographiques et non célibataires géographiques. De plus, la satisfaction professionnelle réduit l’apparition du conflit et augmente l’enrichissement. Indépendamment de la situation maritale, l’insatisfaction professionnelle et le conflit travail-famille augmentent le risque de turnover volontaire chez les marins. Le lien entre insatisfaction et départ volontaire est médié par le conflit travail-famille
This research studies the experience of geographical celibacy in French Navy. The aim of this study is, on the one hand, to understand their perception of work-family conflict and enrichment and job satisfaction, and, on the other hand, to analyze the link between these two variables and the relationship they have with voluntary turnover. We hypothesized that geographical celibates feel more work-family conflict et job dissatisfaction than sailors that weren’t in that situation. Moreover, job satisfaction was considered as an antecedent of the experience of work-family interface. Finally, we hypothesized that the link between satisfaction and work-family interface would cause voluntary turnover. To test these different hypotheses, one qualitative and three quantitative studies were realized on 5 787 sailors. There are differences between geographical celibates and non-geographical celibates. In addition, job satisfaction reduces the appearance of conflict and increases enrichment. Independently of marital situation, job dissatisfaction and work-family conflict raise the risk of voluntary turnover of the sailor. The link between job dissatisfaction and voluntary turnover is mediated by work-family conflict
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Kim, Hyungil. « Augmented Reality Pedestrian Collision Warning : An Ecological Approach to Driver Interface Design and Evaluation ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88886.

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Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to fundamentally change the way we interact with information. Direct perception of computer generated graphics atop physical reality can afford hands-free access to contextual information on the fly. However, as users must interact with both digital and physical information simultaneously, yesterday's approaches to interface design may not be sufficient to support the new way of interaction. Furthermore, the impacts of this novel technology on user experience and performance are not yet fully understood. Driving is one of many promising tasks that can benefit from AR, where conformal graphics strategically placed in the real-world can accurately guide drivers' attention to critical environmental elements. The ultimate purpose of this study is to reduce pedestrian accidents through design of driver interfaces that take advantage of AR head-up displays (HUD). For this purpose, this work aimed to (1) identify information requirements for pedestrian collision warning, (2) design AR driver interfaces, and (3) quantify effects of AR interfaces on driver performance and experience. Considering the dynamic nature of human-environment interaction in AR-supported driving, we took an ecological approach for interface design and evaluation, appreciating not only the user but also the environment. The requirement analysis examined environmental constraints imposed on the drivers' behavior, interface design translated those behavior-shaping constraints into perceptual forms of interface elements, and usability evaluations utilized naturalistic driving scenarios and tasks for better ecological validity. A novel AR driver interface for pedestrian collision warning, the virtual shadow, was proposed taking advantage of optical see-through HUDs. A series of usability evaluations in both a driving simulator and on an actual roadway showed that virtual shadow interface outperformed current pedestrian collision warning interfaces in guiding driver attention, increasing situation awareness, and improving task performance. Thus, this work has demonstrated the opportunity of incorporating an ecological approach into user interface design and evaluation for AR driving applications. This research provides both basic and practical contributions in human factors and AR by (1) providing empirical evidence furthering knowledge about driver experience and performance in AR, and, (2) extending traditional usability engineering methods for automotive AR interface design and evaluation.
Ph. D.
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Luke, Brian L. « Design of a microelectronic controller with a MIL-STD-1553 bus interface for the tactile situation awareness system ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA354463.

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Thesis (Degree of Electrical Engineer) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998.
Thesis advisor(s): Douglas J. Fouts. "September 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-158). Also available online.
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Beka, Be Nguema Marius. « Comportement de l'opérateur humain face à une situation dégradée et imprévue : contribution à la réalisation d'une interface homme-machine tolérante à certaines erreurs humaines ». Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3e915137-f166-4513-adfd-f97943c83baf.

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La complexité de la tâche d'un opérateur humain et la variabilité de sa charge de travail, dans un système homme machine, peuvent le conduire à commettre des erreurs aux conséquences graves. Aussi, l'impossibilité de les éliminer dans leur totalité rend nécessaire la présence d'une interface tolérante à ces erreurs, capable d'empêcher leurs conséquences sur le système homme-machine. Le thème de cette recherche consiste donc à analyser le comportement de l'opérateur humain en surcharge mentale ou face à une dégradation plus ou moins importante des informations d'un procédé simule simple de réglage de température d'eau. L’analyse du comportement des quarante-quatre sujets testés a permis par la suite l'extraction de règles générales à introduire dans la spécification de l'interface tolérante aux erreurs humaines. La modélisation de l'opérateur humain qui constitue une étape importante vers la conception de cette interface a été écrite en logique floue. Cette interface est composée de différents modules tels que la classification de l'action de l'opérateur, la résolution de l'action, et des modèles de l'opérateur humain et du procédé. La validation de la structure d'interface proposée tout comme les résultats de l'analyse des comportements des opérateurs humains ont permis d'énoncer des recommandations générales pour la conduite assistée de procédés.
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Livres sur le sujet "Interface situation"

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Luke, Brian L. Design of a microelectronic controller with a MIL-STD-1553 bus interface for the tactile situation awareness system. Monterey, Calif : Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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Ehrensberger-Dow, Maureen, et Birgitta Englund Dimitrova, dir. Exploring the Situational Interface of Translation and Cognition. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bct.101.

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Exploring the Situational Interface of Translation and Cognition. Benjamins Publishing Company, John, 2018.

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Exploring the Situational Interface of Translation and Cognition. Benjamins Publishing Company, John, 2018.

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De Souza, Jonathan. Idiomaticity ; or, Three Ways to Play Harmonica. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190271114.003.0004.

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How do instrumental interfaces map pitches onto physical locations? And how do these instrumental spaces guide players’ creative action? As a case study, this chapter examines the ten-hole diatonic harmonica. It develops a transformational model of “harmonica space” and juxtaposes it with fretboard and keyboard spaces. This model is then used in a comparative analysis of folk, blues, and jazz harmonica playing, which explores performative moves on the instrument and the resulting pitch patterns. Such analysis shows that instrumental idioms reflect both the interface’s possibilities and the player’s motor habits. This confluence may also explain situations where instruments are experienced as external agents.
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Guelton, Bernard, dir. Digital Interfaces in Situations of Mobility : Cognitive, Artistic, and Game Devices. Common Ground Research Networks, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/978-1-61229-854-2/cgp.

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Digital Interfaces in Situations of Mobility : Cognitive, Artistic, and Game Devices. Common Ground Publishing, 2018.

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Guelton, Bernard. Digital Interfaces in Situations of Mobility : Cognitive, Artistic, and Game Devices. Common Ground Publishing, 2017.

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Grosse Ruse-Khan, Henning. Linkages in International Law Affecting Intellectual Property. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663392.003.0001.

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This chapter gives a cursory review of situations where the rules of international intellectual property (IP) law interface with those of other rule-systems in international law. Mapping these relationships is challenging, given the multitude of rules, institutions, and actors in international law. Those have increased dramatically in number since the foundations of international IP law in the form of the Berne Convention (BC) on the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property. These interfaces, however, give evidence of a wider phenomenon which is commonly referred to as ‘fragmentation’ on the global level. Such fragmentation has provoked a debate in social, political, and legal science on how to perceive and describe this phenomenon and what responses (in particular in terms of ways to resolve conflicts or tensions between branches of international law) it calls for.
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Schouten, Ronald, dir. Mental Health Practice and the Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199387106.001.0001.

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Mental health professionals, more than any other clinicians, encounter legal issues on a regular basis. Mental Health Practice and the Law is written for anyone in the field, at any stage in their training or practice, who has ever found themselves scratching their head in confusion or dreading that they will expose themselves to liability as they navigate the complexities at the interface of law and mental health. Written by established experts and the rising stars of the next generation, the sixteen chapters in this book offer readers a basic understanding of legal principles encountered in clinical practice, as well as practical advice on how to manage situations at the interface of law and clinical practice. Using case examples and clear language, this book will help clinicians understand the underlying principles behind the legal requirements of clinical care. It aims to enhance the reader’s knowledge of legal issues and ability to deliver good clinical care when those issues are encountered.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Interface situation"

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Halme, A. « Common Situation Awareness as Basis for Human-Robot Interface ». Dans Climbing and Walking Robots, 3–18. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26415-9_1.

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Harthoorn, Keisha, et Stephen Hughes. « Interface Design to Support Situation Awareness in Virtual Puppetry ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 112–15. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22095-1_23.

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Elliott, Linda R., Bruce Mortimer, Gina Hartnett-Pomranky, Gary Zets et Greg Mort. « Augmenting Soldier Situation Awareness and Navigation Through Tactile Cueing ». Dans Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Knowledge Design, 345–53. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20612-7_33.

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Herdin, Christian, Christian Märtin et Peter Forbrig. « SitAdapt : An Architecture for Situation-Aware Runtime Adaptation of Interactive Systems ». Dans Human-Computer Interaction. User Interface Design, Development and Multimodality, 447–55. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58071-5_33.

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Zhang, Hao, Fengyi Jiang, Zefan Li, Qingbiao Kuang et Yuan Zhong. « Research on Multi UAV Monitoring Interface Based on “Task-Situation-Operator” ». Dans Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1051–61. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2730-2_98.

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Nishimura, Satoshi, Yuichi Oota et Ken Fukuda. « Ontology Construction for Annotating Skill and Situation of Airline Services to Multi-modal Data ». Dans Human Interface and the Management of Information. Designing Information, 265–78. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50020-7_18.

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Wu, Xiaoli, Chengqi Xue, Yafeng Niu et Wencheng Tang. « Study on Eye Movements of Information Omission/Misjudgment in Radar Situation-Interface ». Dans Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, 407–18. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07515-0_41.

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Zhang, Jiayue, Wenjun Hou, Ximing Zhu et Yufan Wei. « Analysis of Situation Map User Cognitive Characteristics Based on Eye Movement Data ». Dans Human Interface and the Management of Information : Visual and Information Design, 282–94. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06424-1_21.

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Herdin, Christian, et Christian Märtin. « Enabling Situation-Aware User Interface Behavior by Exploiting Emotions and Advanced Adaptation Techniques ». Dans Human-Computer Interaction. Technological Innovation, 352–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05409-9_27.

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Aehnelt, Mario, Sebastian Bader, Gernot Ruscher, Frank Krüger, Bodo Urban et Thomas Kirste. « Situation Aware Interaction with Multi-modal Business Applications in Smart Environments ». Dans Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction for Learning, Culture, Collaboration and Business,, 413–22. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39226-9_45.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Interface situation"

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Tanaka, Shuichi, Shu Nakazato, Keiichiro Hoashi et Katsuhiko Shirai. « Spoken dialogue interface in a dual task situation ». Dans 4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996). ISCA : ISCA, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-61.

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Stubbs, Kristen. « Session details : Situation awareness, interface design and usability ». Dans HRI09 : International Conference on Human Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3247360.

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Kinoshita, Yuta, Kazutaka Kitamori et Yuko Aoyama. « Situation Presumption by Sound Information : Graphical Physical Configuration Interface ». Dans 2013 1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling & Simulation (AIMS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aims.2013.42.

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Nwiabu, Nuka, Ian Allison, Patrik Holt, Peter Lowit et Babs Oyeneyin. « User interface design for situation-aware decision support systems ». Dans 2012 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2012.6188405.

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Sáez, Pablo. « An Interface between the Situation Calculus and Logic Programming ». Dans 2007 Sixth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Special Session MICAI. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/micai.2007.38.

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Si, Tianqi, Yuqi Wang et Yu Du. « Logic Equation of Operating Situations and Man-Machine Interface Design for NPP ». Dans 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-90725.

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Abstract In a nuclear power plant (NPP), the operation process is often very complicated. According to the requirements of operation technical specifications (TS) for event handling, operators should pay more attention to the current state of the unit in order to control NPP, so the plant has set different kinds of operating situations. Based on the definition of operating situations in existing NPPs, if the operator wants to know the current situation of the unit, it needs to check the relevant parameters and then have a judgment, or through other indirect means, which is not conducive to improving work efficiency. In view of the problems mentioned above, for the NPP based on the digital control system (DCS) and advanced main control room (MCR), this paper presents a design strategy of the operating situation logic equation, which include the design principle, calculation method and friendly man-machine interface display. These logic equations are used to automatically calculate current situation by instrumentation and control (I&C) system via selecting and combining typical parameters with logic signals, make the operator be able to know the unit state in any case, improve the work efficiency and reduce the operation burden. The method in this paper also provides a reference for the design of new nuclear power units.
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Wang, Qun, Damin Zhuang, Hengyang Wei et Xiaoru Wanyan. « Evaluation method of cockpit display interface based on situation awareness ». Dans 2012 5th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2012.6512914.

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Jin, Huibin, et Lei Wang. « Applying Situation Awareness to Human-Machine Interface Design of Aviation ». Dans 2009 Second International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kam.2009.75.

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Zaroukian, Erin, Jonathan Z. Bakdash, Alun Preece et Will Webberley. « Automation bias with a conversational interface : User confirmation of misparsed information ». Dans 2017 IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management (CogSIMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2017.7929605.

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Choi, Younhee, Ji Park, Man Na et Jonghyun Kim. « Design of Operation Support System Under the Abnormal Situation in NPPs ». Dans 13th Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control & Human-Machine Interface Technologies (NPIC&HMIT 2023). Illinois : American Nuclear Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/npichmit23-41013.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Interface situation"

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Ianni, John D. Human Interfaces for Space Situational Awareness. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, janvier 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430156.

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Bruce et Fiore. L51629 Users Manual-Field Validation of the Low-Frequency Eddy Current Instrument-Software Listings. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), octobre 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010602.

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When an eddy current probe is placed near a conductive material, the alternating magnetic field from the probe causes electrical currents to flow in the material. These currents have associated with them their own magnetic field, which opposes the original magnetic field from the coil. The result is that the impedance of the probe is greatly reduced by the presence of the conducting material. If the conductor is also magnetic, as is normal steel, the situation is similar though slightly more complicated. Here, the impedance of the probe may be either increased or decreased depending on the permeability of the material and the frequency of the alternating field. Anything that affects the flow of current in the conductive material will also affect the impedance of the eddy current probe. For example, the electrical currents cannot flow through a crack but must flow around it. The alteration in the currents also changes the magnetic field produced by the currents and, consequently, the impedance of the probe. Normally, the impedance change caused by a defect is much smaller than that caused by the presence of the material in the first place, and measuring this small change requires a bridge circuit much like the balanced bridge used with strain gauges. The balanced bridge allows one to amplify the small changes in impedance caused by defects in the presence of the much larger change caused by the presence of the conductive and magnetic pipeline steel. The LFEC instrument is constructed using an� IBM-AT compatible portable computer. Inside the PAC-386 are two plug-in circuit cards that turn the PAC-386 into an eddy current instrument. The first, also commercially available, is a Spectrum DSP56000 digital signal processing card, while the second is a specially-built interface card for the eddy current probe. The PAC-386 is a standard MS-DOS machine and will operate most MS-DOS software. In the discussion below, it is assumed that the user is familiar with the MSDOS operating system.
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Boerema, Eelke, Charleen Malkowsky et Gerrit-Jan van Uffelen. Building food system resilience in protracted crisis situations : food-fodder system interface resilience assessment and facilitation tool (FoSRA-F-FT) Version 1.0. Wageningen : Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/544801.

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Roschelle, Jeremy, et Adam Schellinger. Looking Back to Move Forward. SEERNet, Digital Promise, janvier 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/203.

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SEERNet digital learning platforms (DLPs) are developing new infrastructure to support research in authentic contexts where student learning is happening. In order to contextualize this work within the larger field, we trace historical precedents along four main categories: data repositories, data collection services, research design interfaces, and research communities. By situating this innovative movement alongside its predecessors, we can identify the opportunities for SEERNet and others to progress and sustain the mission of making research more scalable, equitable, and rigorous.
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Pilemalm, Sofie. Hur expanderar vi konceptet civila insatspersoner : Att hantera organisatoriska och IT-relaterade hinder. Linköping University Electronic Press, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179294083.

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För mer än tio år sedan startade kommunal räddningstjänst det första initiativet där civila engagerades som första insatspersoner – Förstärkt Medmänniska i Medelpad. Sedan dess har konceptet – civila insatspersoner (CIP) spridit sig till ett tjugotal räddningstjänster, i glesbygd och på landsbygd men även till urbana miljöer genom ett initiativ taget av Södertörns Brandsvarsförbund. Både de räddningstjänster som tillämpar konceptet och myndigheter som Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) och SOS Alarm är överens om nyttan CIP tillför genom att förkorta responstider, rädda liv och egendom. Trots detta har konceptet inte fått den spridning man hoppats på. Vi vet att hindren är både organisatoriska och specifikt relaterade till utlarmning med hjälp av existerande IT-stöd, appar eller SMS-listor. I den här studien utforskar vi dessa hinder vidare. Vi ger också ett antal förslag på hur de identifierade hindren kan hanteras. Detta genom att genomföra en kvalitativ intervjustudie där vi jämför och kontrasterar perspektiv från myndigheter, räddningstjänst, kommersiella app-utvecklare och de civila insatspersonerna själva (slutanvändare). Vi beskriver både organisatoriska och IT-relaterade hinder och hur de hänger samman. De centrala organisatoriska hindren handlar dels om konkreta utmaningar där det inte finns någon budget eller tid allokerad för att arbeta med CIP-konceptet där det finns viss ovana av förändringsarbete. De handlar också om kulturellt motstånd, det vill säga upplevd konkurrens från CIP vilket gör att initiativen kan sakna stöd både från ledningsnivå i räddningstjänster och från brandmän på operativ nivå. Legala aspekter är också centralt där det för närvarande existerar olika tolkningar av lagstiftning runt ansvar för arbetsmiljö. När det gäller IT-stöden är vissa hinder rent tekniska och relaterar till svårigheter med att få till en korrekt geofencing och att utveckla appar som ska fungera – inte bara på en enhet utan på olika mobila lösningar som ägs av privatpersoner (Iphone, Android i olika versioner). Andra hinder hänger ihop med organisatoriska frågor och konkurrens på den privata marknaden. Exempelvis har SOS Alarm en dubbel roll som privat och statlig aktör och har en app och ett application programming interface (API) under utveckling. De kommersiella leverantörerna kan inte leverera till samma låga kostnad som SOS Alarm och kommer inte åt vissa funktioner (till exempel att dra tillbaka resurser om en situation eskalerar till något farligt). Samtidigt var SOS Alarms app vid tiden för studien inte färdig. Detta sätter räddningstjänsterna i en olycklig situation utvecklingsmässigt och de får fortsätta förlita sig på de SMS-listor som egentligen endast var tänkt som en initial lösning. Vi föreslår ett antal åtgärder för att adressera hindren där de viktigaste är att MSB tar en koordinerande roll, och upprättandet av samverkansgrupper bestående av representanter för samtliga aktörer som ska vara med och driva konceptet, inklusive civila insatspersoner, kommunal räddningstjänst, SOS Alarm, socialtjänst, försäkringsbolag och fastighetsägare. Vi argumenterar också för hur man kan nyttja existerande kunskapsnätverk för CIP mer effektivt erfarenhetsutbyte. När det gäller ett gemensamt API är ett släppande av detta centralt för att utlarmning ska fungera, konceptet expandera – och överleva över tid. Här föreslår vi expertgrupper med representanter för myndigheter, systemutvecklare, app-leverantörer, SOS Alarm och inte minst slutanvändare. Vi ser också att tiden är mogen för dynamisk resursallokering, det vill säga att när CIP:ar blir fler måste det bli möjligt att larma ut på kompetens och specialisering (till exempel för att undvika larmtrötthet i storstadsområden) men att övriga hinder måste adresseras först. Vidare i ett teoretiskt perspektiv diskuterar vi våra resultat i termer av ”digitalized co-production” (digitaliserad samproduktion). Co-production är ett sätt att involvera samhällsmedborgare i tjänsteutveckling i offentlig sektor där expansion och nya former möjliggörs av ökad digitalisering. Här tar vi ett delvis annat perspektiv där vi i stället tittar på när digitalisering och IT blir hinder för samproduktionen. Vi argumenterar också för att CIP är en helt ny, framväxande hybridform av co-production som behöver starkare styrning än traditionell co-production. Här kan vår studie bidra till successiv ackumulering av kunskap.
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Ehlschlaeger, Charles, Jeffrey Burkhalter, Imes Chiu, Igor Linkov, Jeffrey Cegan, Olaf David, Yanfeng Ouyang et al. Resilience modeling for civil military operations with the framework incorporating complex uncertainty systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47562.

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Framework Incorporating Complex Uncertain Systems (FICUS) provides geographic risk analysis capabilities that will dramatically improve military intelligence in locations with the Engineer Research and Development’s (ERDC) demographic and infrastructure models built and calibrated. When completed, FICUS would improve intelligence products by incorporating existing tools from the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, ERDC, and FICUS prototype models, even in places without demographic or infrastructure capabilities. FICUS would support higher-fidelity intelligence analysis of population, environmental, and infrastructure interaction in areas with Human Infrastructure System Assessment (HISA) and urban security models built and calibrated. This technical report will demonstrate FICUS prototype tools that allow Civil Affairs Soldiers to provide situational awareness information via a browser interface.
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Flandreau, Marc. Pari Passu Lost and Found : The Origins of Sovereign Bankruptcy 1798-1873. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp186.

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Verdicts returned by modern courts of justice in the context of sovereign debt lawsuits have upheld a ratable (proportional) interpretation of so-called “pari passu” clauses in debt contracts which, literally, promise creditors they will be dealt with equitably. Such verdicts have given individual creditors the right to interfere with payments to others, in situation where the sovereign had failed to make proportional payments. Contract originalists argue that this interpretation of pari passu clauses has no historical foundation. Historically, they claim, pari passu clauses never granted individual creditors a unilateral right to block payments to other bondholders assenting to a government debt restructuring proposal. This article shows this claim is incorrect. Drawing on novel archival research, it argues that pari passu clauses find one potent historical origin in the operation of a now forgotten sovereign bankruptcy tribunal, the London stock exchange. Under the law of the stock exchange, departure from ratable payments did create a unilateral right for individual creditors to interfere with sovereign debt discharges. In fact, ratable distributions provided the touchstone for the stock exchange sanctioned sovereign debt discharge system. What is more, sophisticated contract drafters availed themselves of the logic. The result was a weaponization of pari passu clauses, and their inscription into sovereign debt covenants in the 19th century. The article concludes that the modern debate on the role of clauses in sovereign debt contracts cannot be held without thorough reconsideration of the history of sovereign bankruptcy.
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Bryndum. L51854 Integrity Assessment Models-Software for Exposed and Unburied Pipelines in River Channels. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), février 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011225.

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This guideline and its associated software River-X present a methodology for the assessment of pipeline integrity under hydrodynamic loads and impact loads from floating or moving debris in the river. The software provides a numerical tool with a user-friendly interface for assessing the risk of pipeline failure following the principles outlined in this guideline. The River-X simulates sections of exposed pipeline including the anchoring in the embankment and plastic material behavior for 2 basically different scenarios; an exposed pipeline on/in riverbed and a free spanning pipeline. A quasi-static analysis of the pipeline exposed to the river-flow is carried out in both situations where the main outcome is maximum values of plastic strain, stress, displacement, bending moment and tension. These values are held up against an acceptance criterion. The maximum allowable impact mass of debris moving with the speed of the river current in combination with the hydrodynamic load is determined. Further, if the exposed pipeline is free spanning a fatigue analysis is performed for a given distribution of river discharge over the year. An example of the use of River-X may be found in the user guide.
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Smith, Jijo K., Howell Li et Darcy M. Bullock. Populating SAE J2735 Message Confidence Values for Traffic Signal Transitions Along a Signalized Corridor. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317322.

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The communication between connected vehicles and traffic signal controllers is defined in SAE Surface Vehicle Standard J2735. SAE J2735 defines traffic signal status messages and a series of 16 confidence levels for traffic signal transitions. This paper discusses a statistical method for tabulating traffic signal data by phase and time of day and populating the SAE J2735 messages. Graphical representation of the red-green and green-yellow transitions are presented from six intersections along a 4-mile corridor for five different time of day timing plans. The case study provided illustrates the importance of characterizing the stochastic variation of traffic signals to understand locations, phases, and time of day when traffic indications operate with high predictability, and periods when there are large variations in traffic signal change times. Specific cases, such as low vehicle demand and occasional actuation of pedestrian phases are highlighted as situations that may reduce the predictability of traffic signal change intervals. The results from this study also opens up discussion among transportation professionals on the importance of consistent tabulation of confidence values for both beginning and end of green signal states. We believe this paper will initiate dialog on how to consistently tabulate important data elements transmitted in SAE J2735 and perhaps refine those definitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of traffic engineers and connected vehicle developers to work together to develop shared visions on traffic signal change characteristics so that the in-vehicle use cases and human-machine interface (HMI) meet user expectations.
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Bieder, Corinne. Bringing together humanity and technology in context : Future challenges for safety in high-risk industries. Fondation pour une Culture de Sécurité Industrielle, avril 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/twp391.

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This “Cahier de la sécurité industrielle” originates from FonCSI’s Strategic analysis “Work and workers in the 2040’s”. This project brought together a core group of academic researchers and scientific experts from industrial companies and organizations sponsoring FonCSI. They met about 15 times with the aim of exploring the impacts on the safety of high-hazard organizations of the megatrends our world and societies are undergoing. This document focuses on the role of humans and their relationship to technology. The fast pace of evolution of digital technologies is shaking up the conventional high-hazard industry landscape, introducing new challenges for safety. This document focuses on the role played by humans in the 2030-2040 timeframe as regards how safety is managed and governed. The results highlight the impact of the implicit framework adopted to appreciate the respective contributions of humans and digital technologies to the safety of high-hazard industries. Whereas a human-centered framework emphasizes specific human capabilities such as empathy, making sense, judgment, as critical to safety, a technology-centered one focuses on computational power and speed as promises to future safety. None of these frameworks opposing humans and digital technologies seems appropriate to account for real situations where they both coexist and are interrelated in more complex ways than just through man-machine interfaces. Furthermore, they are part of a broader social, political, organizational, and cultural context calling for qualifying absolute statements on Technology and Humanity. More generally, high-risk operations are complex. Thinking in terms of dichotomies (e.g., technology/humans; digital/non-digital) is too simplistic to anticipate the safety challenges ahead of us. Exploring the interrelations between humans and digital technologies includes investigating the context in which they evolve to frame possible future safety challenges in a relevant manner. This means involving diverse perspectives and disciplines to bring together humans and technologies in context and reflect the complex reality.
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