Thèses sur le sujet « Interaction des phonons »
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Iskandar, Abdo. « Phonon Heat Transport and Photon-phonon Interaction in Nanostructures ». Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0010.
Texte intégralIn this dissertation, we investigate phonon heat transport and phonon interaction with optical elementary excitations in nanostructures. In the first chapter, we present an introduction to the physics of phonons and optical elementary excitations in nanostructured materials. The second chapter provides a detailed description of the samples growth and fabrication procedures and the various characterization techniques used. In the third chapter, we demonstrate that phonons and photons of different momenta can be confined and interact with each other within the same nanostructure. In the fourth chapter, we present experimental evidence on the change of the phonon spectrum and vibrational properties of a bulk material through phonon hybridization mechanisms. We demonstrate that the phonon spectrum of a bulk material can be altered by hybridization between confined phonon modes in nanostructures introduced on the surface of the material and the underlying bulk phonon modes. Shape and size of the nanostructures made on the surface of the substrate have strong effects on the phonon spectrum of the bulk material itself. In the fifth chapter, we demonstrate that at low temperatures (below 4 K) the nanowire specific heat exhibits a clear contribution from an essentially two-dimensional crystal. We also demonstrate that transitions from specular to diffusive elastic transmission and then from diffusive elastic to diffusive inelastic transmission occur at the interface between nanowires and a bulk substrate as temperature increases. Perspectives include the control of bulk material thermal properties via surface nanostructuring
Poyser, Caroline Louise. « The interaction of coherent acoustic phonons with electrons in semiconductor superlattices ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30591/.
Texte intégralEl-Jallal, Said. « Cristaux phoxoniques et propriétés optomécaniques : interaction des photons et des phonons ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10047/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we study optomechanic interactions in phoxonic crystals which are defined as dual phononic/photonic crystals that can exhibit simultaneously phononic and photonic band gaps. The existence of absolute band gaps allows the simultaneous confinement of both waves that, in turn, can produce the enhancement of their interaction for the purpose of novel and high-performance optomechanical and acousto-optic devices and applications. A main objective is the modulation of light by acoustic waves when both excitations are confined inside the same cavity or propagate with a slow group velocity inside a waveguide. We have studied theoretically the optomechanic interactions in different (2D, slabs and strip) phoxonic crystals cavities. We have demonstrated the dependence of these optomechanic interactions as a function of both the nature of the material and the incoming optical wavelength. The results for strip waveguides have been compared with experimental results performed by our partners. Finally, as a perspective, we began to study the phonon-plasmon coupling
Reigue, Antoine. « Boîte quantique en interaction avec son environnement : excitation résonante pour l'étude des processus de décohérence ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066731/document.
Texte intégralDevelopments in quantum information processes require the use of solid state qubits that would emit on demand single and indistinguishable photons. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) show an atom-like spectrum which makes them attractive in this regard. However, a single QD constitutes an open quantum system coupled to its surrounding solid-state environment, the phonon bath and the fluctuating electrostatic environment. This has important consequences on the coherence properties of the electronic system and the QD is a probe to study these fundamental interactions. Using Fourier spectroscopy and temperature-dependent resonant HOM experiments we show that these two mechanisms occur on very different time scales: spectral diffusion is a slow dephasing process acting on microseconds, while phonon interaction takes place in less than one ns. Then, the loss of ndistinguishability in HOM measurements is only related to dephasing induced by the coupling to the phonon bath. The TPI visibility is preserved around 85 % at low temperature, followed by a rapid loss of coherence. To fully understand the experimental results we developed a mircroscopic model for the electron-phonon interaction which allow to obtain analytic expressions for the dephasing rates. Below 10K the relaxation of the vibrational lattice is the dominant contribution to the loss of TPI visibility. This process corresponds to real phonon transitions resulting in a broad phonon sideband in the QD emission spectra. Above 10K, virtual phonon transitions to higher lying excited states become the dominant dephasing mechanism, leading to broadening of the zero phonon line and a corresponding rapid decay in the visibility
Isaia, Jean-Noël. « Niveaux électroniques et interaction électron - phonons dans les boîtes quantiques d'InAs/GaAs ». Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066443.
Texte intégralGeondzhian, Andrey. « Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering as a probe of exciton-phonon coupling ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY077/document.
Texte intégralPhonons contribute to resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) as a consequence of the coupling between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom. Unlike other techniques that are sensitive to electron-phonon interactions, RIXS can give access to momentum dependent coupling constants. Information about the dispersion of the electron-phonon interaction is highly desirable in the context of understanding anisotropic conventional and unconventional superconductivity.We considered the phonon contribution to RIXS from the theoretical point of view. In contrast to previous studies, we emphasize the role of the core-hole lattice coupling. Our model, with parameters obtained from first principles, shows that even in the case of a deep core-hole, RIXS probes exciton-phonon coupling rather than a direct electron-phonon coupling.This difference leads to quantitative and qualitative deviations from the interpretation of the implied electron-phonon coupling from the standard view expressed in the literature. Thus, our objective is to develop a rigorous approach to quantify electron-phonon coupling within the context of RIXS measurements. The ability to accurately reproduce experimental results from first-principles calculations, without recourse to adjustable parameters, should be viewed as the ultimate test of a proper understanding of the phonon contribution to RIXS.We start by considering only the core-hole--phonon interaction within the context of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We combine an ab initio calculation of the real-space response function with many-body Green's functions techniques to reproduce the vibrational side-bands in SiX4 (X=H, F) molecules. The approach we developed is suitable for application to crystalline materials.We next consider the phonon contribution to X-ray absorption spectra. Unlike the charged excitations generated by X-ray photoemission, X-ray absorption creates a neutral excitation that we approximate as a core-hole and an excited electron. We first solved the electronic part of the problem on the level of the Bethe-Salpeter equation and then dressed the resulting 2-particle excitonic quasiparticle with the exciton-phonon interactions using the cumulant ansatz. The viability of this methodology was tested by calculating the N K-edge XAS of the N2 molecule and the O K-edge of acetone. The resulting vibronic spectra agreed favorably with experimental results.Finally, we construct a hybrid formulation of the RIXS cross section that preserves explicit summation over a small number of final states, but replaces the summation over intermediate states, which might be enormously expensive, with a Green's function. We develop an expansion of the Green's function and derive both analytically exact (in the no-recoil limit) and approximate solutions. The formalism was again tested on the O K-edge of acetone and agrees well with the experiment. To provide an outlook towards future work, we discuss application of the developed formalism to crystalline materials
Preisler, Vanessa. « Interaction porteur-phonons dans les boîtes quantiques InAs / GaAs : polarons électroniques et polarons excitoniques ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090546.
Texte intégralDans un premier temps, l'interaction électron-phonon ainsi que trou-phonon est étudiée expérimentalement par spectroscopie dans l'infrarouge lointain (50-700 cm-1) sous champ magnétique intense (0-28 T). L'intérêt d'un champ magnétique est de déplacer les transitions électroniques, afin de les amener en résonance avec les phonons, là où les effets du couplage sont le plus évidents. Pour interpréter les résultats expérimentaux, nous avons calculé le couplage entre les états électroniques et les états de phonons LO en utilisant l'Hamiltonien de Fröhlich. On détermine ainsi les états polarons et les forces d'oscillateurs, qui sont en bon accord avec les résultats expérimentaux.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudions le couplage des paires électron-trou ou excitons avec les phonons LO. Les transitions interbandes sont sondées dans des expériences de magnetophotoluminescence pour des champs magnétiques allant jusqu'au 28 T. A cause des fluctuations de taille, de composition, et de forme des boîtes quantiques auto-organisées, les pics de photoluminescence sont élargis d'une façon inhomogène. Pour minimiser cet élargissement, des expériences de photoluminescence résonante et d'excitation de la photoluminescence sont effectuées, pour lesquelles un sous-ensemble de boîtes homogènes est sélectionné. Nous calculons les états de polarons excitoniques, ce qui nous permet de déterminer le spectre d'absorption des boîtes quantiques. Un bon accord théorie-expérience est obtenu.
Newton, M. I. N. « Investigation of the interaction between acoustic phonons and the 2DEG of a silicon MOSFET ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380155.
Texte intégralMansuripur, Masud. « Light-matter interaction : conversion of optical energy and momentum to mechanical vibrations and phonons ». SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622541.
Texte intégralLakehal, Massil. « Out of Equilibrium Lattice Dynamics in Pump Probe Setups ». Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7039.
Texte intégralThe study of the out of equilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated systems, using ultrafast pulses, uncovered a plethora of phenomena with no analog in equilibrium physics. In this thesis, we theoretically investigate the out of equilibrium dynamics of the lattice degrees of freedom and their signature in pump-probe spectroscopy. We develop a Hamiltonian-based microscopic description of laser pump induced displacive coherent phonons. The theory captures the feedback of the phonon excitation upon the electronic fluid, which is missing in the state-of-the-art phenomenological formulation. We show that this feedback leads to chirping at short timescales, even if the phonon motion is harmonic. At long times, this feedback appears as a finite phase in the oscillatory signal. We apply the theory to BaFe2As2, explain the origin of the phase in the oscillatory signal reported in recent experiments, and we predict that the system will exhibit redshifted chirping at larger fluence. Our theory also opens the possibility to extract equilibrium information from coherent phonon dynamics. Another interesting phenomenon that have been reported in pump-probe spectroscopy is the oscillation of the lattice fluctuations at double phonon frequency. These oscillations are invariably interpreted as a signature of macroscopic squeezed phonon states. In this work, we identify other mechanisms of double phonon frequency oscillations that do not involve squeezing. We show that a pump induced temperature quench of the bath, to which the phonon is coupled to, or exciting a coherent phonon for which cubic anharmonicity is allowed by symmetry can also produce such oscillations in noise spectroscopy without squeezing the phonon state. We conclude that, in contrast with what is commonly believed, double phonon frequency oscillations in noise spectroscopy are not necessarily a signature of macroscopic phonon squeezing. We point out what can be a reliable criterion to identify a squeezed phonon using pump-probe spectroscopy
Poudel, Yuba R. « Manipulation of Light-Matter Interaction in Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Monolayer through Dressed Phonons (DP) and Plasmons ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609107/.
Texte intégralHUNTZINGER, JEAN-ROCH. « Interaction electrons-phonons dans les puits et boites quantiques de semiconducteurs. Une etude par spectrometries optiques ». Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30094.
Texte intégralPoudel, Yuba R. « Manipulation of Light-Matter Interactions in Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Monolayer through Dressed Phonons (DP) and Plasmons ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609107/.
Texte intégralMehra, Nitin. « Thermal Conduction in Polymer Based Materials by Engineering Intermolecular Interactions ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1578202939238852.
Texte intégralLangot, Pierre. « Etude femtoseconde de la thermalisation des porteurs libres dans l'arseniure de gallium ». Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0021.
Texte intégralSchönhoff, Gunnar [Verfasser], Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Wehling et Gerd [Gutachter] Czycholl. « Coulomb interaction and phonons in doped semiconducting and metallic two-dimensional materials / Gunnar Schönhoff ; Gutachter : Tim Wehling, Gerd Czycholl ; Betreuer : Tim Wehling ». Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133240704/34.
Texte intégralChamberlain, Martyn Paul. « Electrons, phonons, coupled phonon-plasmons and their interactions in semiconductor heterostructures ». Thesis, University of Essex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254491.
Texte intégralMoreira, Leandro Malard. « Raman spectroscopy of graphene : : probing phonons, electrons and electron-phonon interactions ». Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ESCZ-7ZFGDY.
Texte intégralDesde a identificação de uma ou poucas camadas de grafeno em um substrato em 2004, trabalhos intensivos tem sido feitos para se caracterizar esse novo material. Em particular, a Espectroscopia Raman Ressonante tem sido muito importante para elucidar propriedades físicas e químicas em sistemas de grafeno. A Espectroscopia Raman Ressonante também tem se mostrado como uma ferramenta importante para se estudar fônons, elétrons e interações elétron-fônon em grafeno. Nesta tese, ao usarmos diferentes energias de laser de excitação, nós obtivemos propriedades importantes sobre as estruturas eletrônicas e vibracionais para uma e duas camadas de grafeno. Para uma monocamada de grafeno, nós determinamos a dispersão de fônons perto do ponto de Dirac para o modo óptico transversal no plano (iTO) e para o modo acústico longitudinal no plano (iLA). Comparamos nossos resultados experimentais como cálculos teóricos recentes para a dispersao de fônons nas proximidades do ponto K. Para a bicamada de grafeno, nós obtivemos os parâmetros de estrutura eletrônica do modelo de Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure. Nossos resultados mostram que a bicamada de grafeno possue uma forte assimetria elétron-buraco, que por sua vez é mais forte que no grafite. Em experimentos aplicando uma tensão de porta, variamos o nível de Fermi em uma bicamada de grafeno, o que levou uma quebra de simetria, deixando assim ambos os modos de vibração simétricos (S) e anti-simétricos (AS) ativos em Raman. A dependência da energia e do amortecimento desses modos de fônons com a energia de Fermi é explicada através do acoplamento elétron-buraco intra- ou inter- banca. Nossos resultados experimentais deram suporte às previsões teóricas para interações elétron-fónon em uma bicamada de grafeno.
Braithwaite, Glyn. « Characterisation of the hole-acoustic phonon interaction in modulation doped Si/Siâ†1â†-â†xGeâ†x (0.085<=x<=0.28) heterostructures ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364597.
Texte intégralLehmann, Dietmar. « Phonon Spectroscopy and Low-Dimensional Electron Systems ». Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1138734990743-55381.
Texte intégralDie vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Ausbreitung von akustischen Nichtgleichgewichtsphononen und deren Wechselwirkung mit Halbleiter-Nanostrukturen. Güte und Effizienz moderner Halbleiter-Bauelemente hängen wesentlich vom Verständnis der Wechselwirkung akustischer Phononen mit niederdimensionalen Elektronensystemen ab. Traditionelle Untersuchungsmethoden, wie die Messung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit oder der Thermospannung, erlauben nur eingeschränkte Aussagen. Sie mitteln über die beteiligten Phononenmoden und eine Trennung der einzelnen Wechselwirkungsmechanismen ist nur näherungsweise möglich ist. Demgegenüber erlaubt die in der Arbeit diskutierte Methode der winkel- und zeitaufgelösten Phononen-Spektroskopie ein direktes Studium des Beitrags einzelner Phononenmoden, d.h. in Abhängigkeit von Wellenzahlvektor und Polarisation der Phononen. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Fragestellung, wie akustische Anisotropie und Ladungsträger-Confinement die Ergebnisse der winkel- und zeitaufgelösten Phononen-Spektroskopie beeinflussen und prägen. Dazu wird ein umfassendes theoretisches Modell zur Simulation von Phononen-Spektroskopie-Experimenten an niederdimensionalen Halbleitersystemen vorgestellt. Dieses erlaubt sowohl ein qualitatives Verständnis der ablaufenden physikalischen Prozesse als auch eine quantitative Analyse der Messergebnisse. Die Vorteile gegenüber anderen Modellen und Rechnungen liegen dabei in dem konsequenten Einbeziehen der akustischen Anisotropie, nicht nur für die Ausbreitung der Phononen, sondern auch für die Matrixelemente der Wechselwirkung, sowie eine saubere Behandlung des Confinements der Elektronen in den niederdimensionalen Systemen. Dabei werden die Grenzen weit verbreiteter Näherungsansätze für die Elektron-Phonon-Matrixelemente und das Elektronen-Confinement deutlich aufgezeigt. Für den quantitativen Vergleich mit realen Experimenten werden aber auch solche Größen, wie die endliche räumliche Ausdehnung von Phononenquelle und Detektor, die Streuung der Phononen an Verunreinigungen oder die Abschirmung der Elektron-Phonon-Kopplung durch die Elektron-Elektron-Wechselwirkung berücksichtigt.Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird der theoretische Apparat auf typische experimentelle Fragestellungen angewandt. Im Falle der Phonon-Drag-Experimente an GaAs/AlGaAs Heterostrukturen wird der durch akustische Nichtgleichgewichtsphononen in zwei- und eindimensionalen Elektronensystemen induzierte elektrische Strom (Phonon-Drag-Strom) als Funktion des Ortes der Phononenquelle bestimmt. Das in der Arbeit hergeleitete theoretische Modell kann die experimentellen Resultate für die Winkelabhängigkeit des Drag-Stromes sowohl für Messungen mit und ohne Magnetfeld qualitativ gut beschreiben. Außerdem wird der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Confinementmodelle und unterschiedlicher Wechselwirkungsmechanismen studiert. Dadurch ist es möglich, aus Phonon-Drag-Messungen Rückschlüsse auf die elektronischen und strukturellen Eigenschaften der niederdimensionalen Elektronensysteme zu ziehen (Fermivektor, effektive Masse, Elektron-Phonon-Kopplungskonstanten, Form des Confinementpotentials). Als weiteres Anwendungsbeispiel wird das Problem der Energierelaxation (aufgeheizter)zweidimensionaler Elektronensysteme in GaAs Heterostrukturen und Quantentrögen untersucht. Für Elektronentemperaturen unterhalb 50 K werden die Gesamtemissionsrate als Funktion der Temperatur und die winkelaufgelöste Emissionsrate (als Funktion der Detektorposition) berechnet. Für beide Größen wird erstmals eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Experiment gefunden. Es zeigt sich, dass akustische Anisotropie und Abschirmungseffekte zu überraschenden neuen Ergebnissen führen können. Ein Beispiel dafür ist der unerwartet große Beitrag der mittels Deformationspotential-Wechselwirkung emittierten transversalen akustischen Phononen, der bei einer Emission der Phononen näherungsweise senkrecht zum zweidimensionalen System beobachtet werden kann
Valentin, Audrey. « Modélisation de l'effet tunnel à un électron dans les dispositifs à nanocristaux semiconducteurs : effet tunnel à un électron assisté par phonon ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350414.
Texte intégralBabilotte, Philippe. « Génération et détection par impulsion optique femtoseconde de phonons acoustiques cohérents dans le semi-conducteur piézo-électrique d'arséniure de gallium ». Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536049.
Texte intégralLehmann, Dietmar. « Phonon Spectroscopy and Low-Dimensional Electron Systems : The Effect of Acoustic Anisotropy and Carrier Confinement ». Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24636.
Texte intégralDie vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Ausbreitung von akustischen Nichtgleichgewichtsphononen und deren Wechselwirkung mit Halbleiter-Nanostrukturen. Güte und Effizienz moderner Halbleiter-Bauelemente hängen wesentlich vom Verständnis der Wechselwirkung akustischer Phononen mit niederdimensionalen Elektronensystemen ab. Traditionelle Untersuchungsmethoden, wie die Messung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit oder der Thermospannung, erlauben nur eingeschränkte Aussagen. Sie mitteln über die beteiligten Phononenmoden und eine Trennung der einzelnen Wechselwirkungsmechanismen ist nur näherungsweise möglich ist. Demgegenüber erlaubt die in der Arbeit diskutierte Methode der winkel- und zeitaufgelösten Phononen-Spektroskopie ein direktes Studium des Beitrags einzelner Phononenmoden, d.h. in Abhängigkeit von Wellenzahlvektor und Polarisation der Phononen. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Fragestellung, wie akustische Anisotropie und Ladungsträger-Confinement die Ergebnisse der winkel- und zeitaufgelösten Phononen-Spektroskopie beeinflussen und prägen. Dazu wird ein umfassendes theoretisches Modell zur Simulation von Phononen-Spektroskopie-Experimenten an niederdimensionalen Halbleitersystemen vorgestellt. Dieses erlaubt sowohl ein qualitatives Verständnis der ablaufenden physikalischen Prozesse als auch eine quantitative Analyse der Messergebnisse. Die Vorteile gegenüber anderen Modellen und Rechnungen liegen dabei in dem konsequenten Einbeziehen der akustischen Anisotropie, nicht nur für die Ausbreitung der Phononen, sondern auch für die Matrixelemente der Wechselwirkung, sowie eine saubere Behandlung des Confinements der Elektronen in den niederdimensionalen Systemen. Dabei werden die Grenzen weit verbreiteter Näherungsansätze für die Elektron-Phonon-Matrixelemente und das Elektronen-Confinement deutlich aufgezeigt. Für den quantitativen Vergleich mit realen Experimenten werden aber auch solche Größen, wie die endliche räumliche Ausdehnung von Phononenquelle und Detektor, die Streuung der Phononen an Verunreinigungen oder die Abschirmung der Elektron-Phonon-Kopplung durch die Elektron-Elektron-Wechselwirkung berücksichtigt.Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird der theoretische Apparat auf typische experimentelle Fragestellungen angewandt. Im Falle der Phonon-Drag-Experimente an GaAs/AlGaAs Heterostrukturen wird der durch akustische Nichtgleichgewichtsphononen in zwei- und eindimensionalen Elektronensystemen induzierte elektrische Strom (Phonon-Drag-Strom) als Funktion des Ortes der Phononenquelle bestimmt. Das in der Arbeit hergeleitete theoretische Modell kann die experimentellen Resultate für die Winkelabhängigkeit des Drag-Stromes sowohl für Messungen mit und ohne Magnetfeld qualitativ gut beschreiben. Außerdem wird der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Confinementmodelle und unterschiedlicher Wechselwirkungsmechanismen studiert. Dadurch ist es möglich, aus Phonon-Drag-Messungen Rückschlüsse auf die elektronischen und strukturellen Eigenschaften der niederdimensionalen Elektronensysteme zu ziehen (Fermivektor, effektive Masse, Elektron-Phonon-Kopplungskonstanten, Form des Confinementpotentials). Als weiteres Anwendungsbeispiel wird das Problem der Energierelaxation (aufgeheizter)zweidimensionaler Elektronensysteme in GaAs Heterostrukturen und Quantentrögen untersucht. Für Elektronentemperaturen unterhalb 50 K werden die Gesamtemissionsrate als Funktion der Temperatur und die winkelaufgelöste Emissionsrate (als Funktion der Detektorposition) berechnet. Für beide Größen wird erstmals eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Experiment gefunden. Es zeigt sich, dass akustische Anisotropie und Abschirmungseffekte zu überraschenden neuen Ergebnissen führen können. Ein Beispiel dafür ist der unerwartet große Beitrag der mittels Deformationspotential-Wechselwirkung emittierten transversalen akustischen Phononen, der bei einer Emission der Phononen näherungsweise senkrecht zum zweidimensionalen System beobachtet werden kann.
Nicaise, Paul. « Développement de détecteurs à inductance cinétique pour l'infrarouge proche et le visible ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLO013.
Texte intégralMicrowave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are superconductive thin films LCresonators with high quality factors. They can simultaneously record single-photon events and measure their energy without any added optics. Combined with the ease of multiplexing thousands of pixels into a large array, MKIDs are now at the heart of current and upcoming ground-based astronomy applications .Among them is the SpectroPhotometric Imaging for Astronomy with Kinetic InductanceDetectors (SPIAKID) project at Paris Observatory. We are using MKID technologyto build a 20,000 pixels spectrophotometer that will be deployed in 2025 on the 3.6m New Technology Telescope (NTT) in Chile. SPIAKID aims to study the population andmetallicity of stars in Ultra Faint Dwarf (UFD) galaxies in the Local group to have abetter understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. We will present an original design intended to improve the optical coupling between incident photons and the absorber part of the detector
Archambault, Alexandre. « Optique des ondes de surface : super-résolution et interaction matière-rayonnement ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678073.
Texte intégralIntronati, Guido Alfredo. « Relaxation de spin dans les semi-conducteurs dopés et dans les nanostructures à base de semi-conducteurs ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067064.
Texte intégralHamzeh, Hani. « Résolution de l’équation de transport de Boltzmann pour les phonons et applications ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112371/document.
Texte intégralThis work is dedicated to the study of phonon transport and dynamics via the solution of Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for phonons. The Monte Carlo stochastic method is used to solve the phonon BTE. A solution scheme taking into account all the different individual types of Normal and Umklapp processes which respect energy and momentum conservation rules is presented. The use of the common relaxation time approximation is thus avoided. A generalized Ridley theoretical scheme is used instead to calculate three-phonon scattering rates, with the Grüneisen constant as the only adjustable parameter. A method for deriving adequate adjustable anharmonic coupling coefficients is presented. Polarization branches with real nonlinear dispersion relations for transverse or longitudinal optical and acoustic phonons are considered. Zone-center longitudinal optical (LO) phonon lifetimes are extracted from the MC simulations for GaAs, InP, InAs, and GaSb. Decay channels contributions to zone-center LO phonon lifetimes are investigated using the calculated scattering rates. Vallée-Bogani’s channel is found to have a negligible contribution in all studied materials, notably GaAs. A comparison of phonons behavior between the different materials indicates that the previously reported LO phonon lifetimes in InAs and GaSb were quite underestimated in the literature. For the first time, to our knowledge, a coupling of two independent Monte Carlo solvers, one for charge carriers [PhD manuscript, E. TEA], and one for phonons, is undertaken. Hot phonon effect on charge carrier dynamics is studied. It is shown that the relaxation time approximation overestimates the phonon bottleneck effect. The phonon MC solver is extended to solve the phonon’s BTE in real space simultaneously with the reciprocal space, to study phonon and heat transport. Ridley’s generalized theoretical scheme is utilized again with simulation particles interacting directly together. Energy and momentum conservation laws are rigorously implemented. Umklapp processes effect on the total phonon momentum is thoroughly reproduced, as for the anharmonic interactions effect on resulting phonon directions. This is thanks to a procedure taking in consideration the respective vector directions during an interaction, instead of the randomization procedure usually used in literature. Our preliminary results show the limit of the analytic macroscopic heat conduction equation
Burgin, Julien. « Étude femtoseconde de la dynamique électroniqueet vibrationnelle de nano-objets métalliqueset de l'ordre local dans les verres ». Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196959.
Texte intégralLevard, Hugo. « Ingénierie phononique pour les cellules solaires à porteurs chauds ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066013.pdf.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with fundamental issues related to phonons in hot-carrier solar cells, athird generation photovoltaic technology. This concept aims at extracting photogeneratedcharge carriers before their reach a thermal equilibrium with the lattice, and exhibits a the-oretical efficiency close to thermodynamic limit. One of the main issue is to hinder carriercooling, which occurs through LO-phonon emission. In addition to the idea of screeningthe electron-phonon interaction, one approach consists in designing an absorber in which theLO-phonon has an intrinsic lifetime longer than what it is in conventional materials, en-hancing the rate of its reabsorption by the carriers. The LO-phonon decay and lifetimeis first investigated in semiconductors within density functional perturbation theory. Spe-cific criteria for relevant absorbing materials choosing, from a phonon point of view, arederived. A full study of the LO-phonon lifetime is performed on a singular material, andthe possibility to achieve the sufficient phononic requierements is discussed. Secondly, theabove-mentioned electron-phonon interaction is modelled in superlattices. The couplingstrength is related to the LO-phonon induced macroscopic electric field, which allows tostudy the directional dependence of the phonon emission. The latter reveals to differentlyaffect the dimensionality of the electronic and phononic interacting populations. Thisstudy calls for development of these structure in the framewok of hot-carrier solar cells
Lee, Youseung. « Traitement quantique original des interactions inélastiques pour la modélisation atomistique du transport dans les nano-structures tri-dimensionnelles ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0345.
Texte intégralNon-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism during recent decades has attracted numerous interests for studying quantum transport properties of nanostructures and nano-devices in which inelastic interactions like electron-phonon scattering have a significant impact. Incorporation of inelastic interactions in NEGF framework is usually performed within the self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) which induces a numerically demanding iterative scheme. As an alternative technique, we propose an efficient method, the so-called Lowest Order Approximation (LOA) coupled with the Pade approximants. Its main advantage is to significantly reduce the computational time, and to describe the electron-phonon scattering physically. This approach should then considerably extend the accessibility of using atomistic quantum transport codes to study three-dimensional (3D) realistic systems without requiring numerous numerical resources
Statz, Eric R. (Eric Robert). « Phonon polariton interaction with patterned materials ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43770.
Texte intégralVita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-144).
The generation, propagation and detection of THz phonon polaritons are studied through both femtosecond pump-probe techniques, and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations in this thesis. The theory surrounding the driving, propagation and detection of these modes is treated in a consistent notational system for both analytical solutions and approximate simulated responses. FDTD simulations in one, two and three dimensions are designed to best mimic lab experimental parameters, with various approximations of both THz pumping and probing developed. Various improvements on the FDTD method with the goal of more rapid simulations and more accurately described simulations of lab experiments from generation to detection are considered and developed. Experiments on phonon-polaritons interacting with periodicity and confinement in one, two, and three dimensions are all considered, and methods of data processing developed. By comparing FDTD simulation results to experimental results, the full three dimensional fields within these crystals can be investigated, and in many cases fully defined. The methods demonstrated open up new possibilities for THz spectroscopy in waveguides, microfluidics, and related platforms that include THz generation, propagation, interaction with the sample material, and detection in a compact, integrated structure. The methods also enable the proper description of large-amplitude THz generation and applications in nonlinear THz spectroscopy. Finally, linear and nonlinear THz signal processing applications my exploit the experimental and modeling methods described in this thesis.
by Eric R. Statz.
Ph.D.
Lee, Youseung. « Traitement quantique original des interactions inélastiques pour la modélisation atomistique du transport dans les nano-structures tri-dimensionnelles ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0345.
Texte intégralNon-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism during recent decades has attracted numerous interests for studying quantum transport properties of nanostructures and nano-devices in which inelastic interactions like electron-phonon scattering have a significant impact. Incorporation of inelastic interactions in NEGF framework is usually performed within the self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) which induces a numerically demanding iterative scheme. As an alternative technique, we propose an efficient method, the so-called Lowest Order Approximation (LOA) coupled with the Pade approximants. Its main advantage is to significantly reduce the computational time, and to describe the electron-phonon scattering physically. This approach should then considerably extend the accessibility of using atomistic quantum transport codes to study three-dimensional (3D) realistic systems without requiring numerous numerical resources
Levard, Hugo. « Ingénierie phononique pour les cellules solaires à porteurs chauds ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066013/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with fundamental issues related to phonons in hot-carrier solar cells, athird generation photovoltaic technology. This concept aims at extracting photogeneratedcharge carriers before their reach a thermal equilibrium with the lattice, and exhibits a the-oretical efficiency close to thermodynamic limit. One of the main issue is to hinder carriercooling, which occurs through LO-phonon emission. In addition to the idea of screeningthe electron-phonon interaction, one approach consists in designing an absorber in which theLO-phonon has an intrinsic lifetime longer than what it is in conventional materials, en-hancing the rate of its reabsorption by the carriers. The LO-phonon decay and lifetimeis first investigated in semiconductors within density functional perturbation theory. Spe-cific criteria for relevant absorbing materials choosing, from a phonon point of view, arederived. A full study of the LO-phonon lifetime is performed on a singular material, andthe possibility to achieve the sufficient phononic requierements is discussed. Secondly, theabove-mentioned electron-phonon interaction is modelled in superlattices. The couplingstrength is related to the LO-phonon induced macroscopic electric field, which allows tostudy the directional dependence of the phonon emission. The latter reveals to differentlyaffect the dimensionality of the electronic and phononic interacting populations. Thisstudy calls for development of these structure in the framewok of hot-carrier solar cells
Hamzeh, Hani. « Résolution de l'équation de transport de Boltzmann pour les phonons et applications ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778705.
Texte intégralMartiÌnez, Charles E. « Phonon interactions in gallium nitride nanostructures ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430567.
Texte intégralMetzler, Florian. « Experiments to investigate phonon-nuclear interactions ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121824.
Texte intégralCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-107).
This thesis presents a series of experiments conducted by the author between 2016 and 2018 that were designed to test for and investigate a proposed phonon-nuclear coupling interaction and an associated nuclear excitation transfer mechanism. Electric and magnetic interactions of phonons with atomic nuclei have been studied for several decades. However, such second-order interactions are too weak to induce nuclear state changes. Hagelstein and Chaudhary recently identified the possibility of a stronger, first-order phonon-nuclear interaction, based on the boost correction associated with the nucleon-nucleon potential for nuclei embedded in a condensed matter environment. Because the newly proposed interaction follows from the relativistic (Dirac) treatment of nucleons, Hagelstein and Chaudhary refer to this interaction as relativistic phonon-nuclear coupling.
Relativistic phonon-nuclear coupling implies the possibility of phonon-mediated nuclear excitation transfer where in the process of absorbing and emitting phonons, energy can transfer from excited state nuclei to nearby ground state nuclei, analogous to widely studied excitation transfer at the atomic and molecular level. To test for and investigate these theoretical conjectures, we prepared samples with a combination of ground state and excited state Fe-57 nuclei (from beta-decaying Co-57) attached to a steel substrate. Samples then underwent treatment by inducing vibrations via ultrasound or mechanical stress. Simultaneously, time histories of radioactive emission were recorded at different locations. Early experiments with vibrations induced at the MHz level via ultrasound transducers yielded negative results and no variations in radioactive emission were observed. However, in conjunction with mechanical stress, deviations from expected emission were observed.
After applying mechanical stress to a sample, we observed a 19% enhancement above expected levels of 14.4 keV gamma emission from Fe-57 and a 17% enhancement above expected levels of Fe K-alpha emission (which to a large extent is driven by internal conversion from the 14.4 keV nuclear transition). The enhancements decayed away with a time constant of about 2.5 days. At the same time, emission on the Sn K-alpha line (driven by fluorescence of Sn in the steel) was consistent with the expected exponential decay of Co-57 at the 1% level, suggesting detector integrity. Similar deviations from expected emission were observed by two additional detectors in different locations. Further experimentation exhibited a high level of reproducibility of the observed effects. By now, evidence for the effects have been seen in seven different detectors and in six different experimental configurations. In some experiments, reductions instead of enhancements can be observed.
Moreover, we observe differences in the ratio of 14.4 keV gamma and Fe K-alpha emissions across experiments. To explain reported observations, we propose that the temporary enhancements and reductions of emission originate from phonon-mediated nuclear excitation transfer and are caused by resulting delocalization and angular anisotropy effects. Delocalization can result from excitation transferring into the steel substrate and across the Co-57/Fe-57 residue. Angular anisotropy can follow from phase coherence at neighboring sites as a result of resonant excitation transfer. Furthermore, observed differences in the incremental emission of 14.4 keV gamma and Fe K-alpha emission suggests that a new channel for internal conversion is opened in off-resonant states present in excitation transfer. We motivate and discuss the conjectured mechanisms as well as alternative candidate explanations and conclude that the latter do not suffice to account for the reported observations.
Finally, we present limitations of this work to date and point at avenues for further research and clarification. Relativistic phonon-nuclear coupling and nuclear excitation transfer have the potential to form new tools in the toolbox of nuclear engineers. The further pursuit of research in this area could lead to the use of phonons in a wide range of applications: for mixing nuclear states; for generating angular anisotropy or inducing beam formation; and potentially for exciting or de-exciting atomic nuclei in applications otherwise reliant on photons. This, in turn, could lead to many nuclear engineering applications becoming more economical as well as less hazardous.
by Florian Metzler.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering
Yang, Xiaodong. « Effects of Electron-Phonon Interaction in Metals ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/83903.
Texte intégralPh.D.
Phonons and electrons are two types of excitations which are responsible for many properties of condensed matter materials. The interaction between them plays an important role in condensed matter physics. In this thesis we present some theoretical investigations of the effects due to the interactions between phonons and electrons interactions. We show evidence that a structural martensitic transition is related to significant changes in the electronic structure, as revealed in thermodynamic measurements made in high magnetic fields. The effect of the magnetic field is considered unusual, as many influential investigations of martensitic transitions have emphasized that the structural transitions are primarily lattice dynamical and are driven by the entropy due to the phonons. We provide a theoretical frame-work which can be used to describe the effect of a magnetic field on the lattice dynamics in which the field dependence originates from the dielectric constant. The temperature-dependence of the phonon spectrum of alpha-uranium has recently been measured by Manley et al. using inelastic neutron scattering and x-ray scattering techniques. Although there is scant evidence of anharmonic interactions, the phonons were reported to show some softening of the optic modes at the zone boundary. The same group of authors later reported that an extra vibrational mode was observed to form at a temperature above 450 K. The existence of the proposed new mode is inconsistent with the usual theory of harmonic phonons, as applied to a structure composed of a monoclinic Bravais lattice with a two-atom basis. We investigate the effect that the f electron-phonon interaction has on the phonon spectrum and its role on the possible formation of a breathing mode of mixed electronic and phonon character. We examine the model by using Green’s function techniques to obtain the phonon spectral density. Some materials undergo phase transitions from a high temperature state with periodic translational invariance to a state in which the electronic charge density is modulated periodically. The wave vector of the modulation may be either commensurate or incommensurate with the reciprocal lattice vectors of the high temperature structure. In the case of an incommensurate charge density wave, the system supports phason excitation. For an incommensurate state, the new ground state has a lower symmetry than the high temperature state since the charge density does not have long-ranged periodic translational order. If the metal is ideal (with no impurities), a charge density wave should be able to slide throughout the crystal without resistance, resulting in current flow similar to that of a superconductor. The phason is an excitation of the charge density wave which is related to the collective motion of electrons. We estimate the phason density of states, and the phason contribution to the specific heat. Angle-resolved photoemission experiments have been performed on USb2, and very narrow quasiparticle peaks have been observed in a band which local spin-density approximation (LSDA) predicts to osculate the Fermi energy. The observed band is found to be depressed by 17 meV below the Fermi energy. The experimentally observed quasiparticle dispersion relation for this band exhibits a kink at an energy of about 23 meV below the Fermi energy. The kink is not found in LSDA calculations and, therefore, is attributable to a change in the quasiparticle mass renormalization by a factor of approximately 2. The existence of a kink in the quasiparticle dispersion relation of a band which does not cross the Fermi energy is unprecedented. The kink in the quasiparticle dispersion relation is attributed to the effect of the interband self-energy involving transitions from the osculating band into a band that does cross the Fermi energy.
Temple University--Theses
Rösch, Oliver. « Electron phonon interaction in strongly correlated materials ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-24707.
Texte intégralPoinsotte, Fanny. « Son et matière nanostructurée : diffusion Raman et acoustique picoseconde ». Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30157.
Texte intégralElectron-acoustic phonon interaction is a crucial issue in nanophysics, as it determines the properties of many nanostructured devices. In this contribution, two different experimental techniques were originally used to probe phonon-carrier interactions. Raman scattering by acoustical phonons provides a picture of the structure and interactions in reciprocal space. Ultrafast time-resolved pump-probe experiment allows one to investigate acoustic wave propagation and interactions in real space. By comparing systematically experiments and simulations, a thorough and sound understanding of the coupling mechanisms has been achieved. Several systems displaying electronic and/or acoustical confinement were investigated (quantum dots, free standing membranes, SOIs). In particular, it was shown that : semiconductor quantum dots display very effective acoustic phonon generation optical and acoustical cavity effects have to be considered in the inelastic light scattering from thin silicon layers
Sergueev, Nikolai. « Electron-phonon interactions in molecular electronic devices ». Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102171.
Texte intégralIn our formalism, we calculate electronic Hamiltonian via density functional theory (DFT) within the nonequilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) which takes care of nonequilibrium transport conditions and open device boundaries for the devices. From the total energy of the device scattering region, we derive the dynamic matrix in analytical form within DFT-NEGF and it gives the vibrational spectrum of the relevant atoms. The vibrational spectrum together with the vibrational eigenvector gives the electron-phonon coupling strength at nonequilibrium for various scattering states. A self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) allows one to determine the phonon self-energy, the electron Green's function, the electronic density matrix and the electronic Hamiltonian, all self-consistently within equal footing. The main technical development of this work is the DFT-NEGF-SCBA formalism and its associated codes.
A number of important physics issues are studied in this work. We start with a detailed analysis of transport properties of C60 molecular tunnel junction. We find that charge transport is mediated by resonances due to an alignment of the Fermi level of the electrodes and the lowest unoccupied C60 molecular orbital. We then make a first step toward the problem of analyzing phonon modes of the C60 by examining the rotational and the center-of-mass motions by calculating the total energy. We obtain the characteristic frequencies of the libration and the center-of-mass modes, the latter is quantitatively consistent with recent experimental measurements. Next, we developed a DFT-NEGF theory for the general purpose of calculating any vibrational modes in molecular tunnel junctions. We derive an analytical expression for dynamic matrix within the framework of DFT-NEGF. Diagonalizing the dynamic matrix we obtain the vibrational (phonon) spectrum of the device. Using this technique we calculate the vibrational spectrum of benzenedithiolate molecule in a tunnel junction and we investigate electron-phonon coupling under an applied bias voltage during current flow. We find that the electron-phonon coupling strength for this molecular device changes drastically as the bias voltage increases, due to dominant contributions from the center-of-mass vibrational modes of the molecule. Finally, we have investigated the reverse problem, namely the effect of molecular vibrations on the tunneling current. For this purpose we developed the DFT-NEGF-SCBA formalism, and an example is given illustrating the power of this formalism.
Leadley, David Romwald. « Electron-phonon interactions in low dimensional structures ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3e8fe3de-4c61-48ac-a475-050b76901a6f.
Texte intégralMontgomery, M. J. « Ineleastic electron-phonon interactions in atomic wires ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411758.
Texte intégralGalda, Alexey. « Electronic properties of Luttinger Liquid with electron-phonon interaction ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4293/.
Texte intégralDavenport, Anthony. « The electron-phonon interaction in graphitic materials and superconductors ». Thesis, Open University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.663225.
Texte intégralSANGIOVANNI, GIORGIO. « The electron-phonon interaction in strongly correlated electron systems ». Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917137.
Texte intégralHardikar, Rahul Padmakar. « Dynamic electron-phonon interactions in one-dimensional models ». Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11092007-143010.
Texte intégralYe, Zhou. « Mechanism and the Effect of Microwave-Carbon Nanotube Interaction ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4919/.
Texte intégralRizzo, Francesco, Francesco Rizzo, Francesco Rizzo, FRANCESCO RIZZO et Francesco Rizzo. « Transport Properties and Electron-Phonon Interaction in the Normal State of High Temperature Superconductors ». Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917307.
Texte intégralDufåker, Daniel, Karlsson Fredrik, L. O. Mereni, V. Dimastrodonato, G. Juska, E. Pelucchi et Per-Olof Holtz. « Evidence of nonadiabatic exciton-phonon interaction probed by second-order LO-phonon replicas of single quantum dots ». Linköpings universitet, Halvledarmaterial, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90677.
Texte intégralFunding Agencies|Science Foundation Ireland|05/IN.1/I2510/IN.1/I3000|Swedish Research Council (VR)||K. A. Wallenberg Foundation||Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU)|2009-00971|
Persson, Jacob. « Magnon-Phonon Coupling ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377297.
Texte intégral