Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Inter-organizational design optimization »

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the capabilities of 5S program to meliorate the different competitive dimensions of manufacturing organizations and extracts the various significant factors which influence its successful implementation. Design/methodology/approach The paper involves empirical study of responses collected from various manufacturing organizations to investigate the inter-relationships between various 5S implementation success factors and competitive dimensions parameters through different statistical techniques. The study deploys Bonferroni post hoc test to establish the statistical significance of competitive dimensions improvements, progressively accrued over a reasonable period of time, through holistic 5S implementation. Findings The study validates the contributions of 5S program toward realization of significant improvements of various competitive dimensions such as overall organizational achievements, production achievements, quality and continuous improvement achievements, cost optimization achievements, employee-related achievements, effective workplace utilization and safety enhancement achievements accrued by Indian manufacturing organizations. Finally the discriminant validity test has been used in the study for classifying highly successful and moderately successful organizations. Originality/value The research aims to empirically test the relationships among various 5S implementation constructs and competitive dimensions parameters constructs in manufacturing organizations. The research work establishes that 5S initiatives have effectively contributed for realization of significant competitive dimensions, progressively from introduction to maturity phases. The research highlights the key significant implications for manufacturing managers.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and empirically investigate the concept of networking capability (NC) for the management of supplier relationships and their dynamics in order to leverage product innovations. NC in the context of supplier relationships is conceptualized based on dynamic capabilities aimed at relationship initiation, relationship development, and relationship ending. Furthermore, the study tests the interaction of NC with relationship proclivity as an organizational feature, and analyzes latent classes of NC affecting product innovation. Design/methodology/approach This study brings together prior research on company routines related to inter-firm networking, the dynamic capability approach to strategy, and literature on inter-firm innovation. The study utilizes multiple informant survey data gathered from 156 firms operating in the automotive parts industry in Iran. Data are analyzed with partial least square structural equation modeling, as well as latent class analysis using finite mixture modeling (FIMIX-PLS). Findings This research provides evidence for the positive influence of NC with respect to supplier relationships on firm product innovation, as well as overall firm performance. Relationship proclivity is shown to amplify this effect. At the same time, the research illustrates that NC may be applied in different combinations in the context of supplier relationship portfolio management. Two mechanisms are tentatively identified: firms using “static optimization” focus mainly on supplier relationship development capabilities, while those using “dynamic optimization” utilize supplier relationship initiation and ending capabilities. Research limitations/implications This research focuses on one setting (i.e. the automotive parts industry in Iran). Further studies need to broaden these findings to other industries and countries, specifically those which show a different cultural make-up from Iran. Furthermore, this research indicates the existence of two distinct mechanisms as to how different aspects of NC impact product innovation. While it is reasonable to identify these mechanisms as networking “strategies,” this study does not clarify whether this represents intended strategies by firms or relates to emerging capability patterns. Practical implications The study contributes to managerial knowledge by illustrating the need for a dynamic approach with regard to networking-related routines in supplier relationships in the context of product innovation. This study suggests that managers should devote equal attention to strengthening existing supplier relationships as well as to initiating new supplier relationships (e.g. screening for promising partners and signaling firm’s relationship value to attract new counterparts) and managing non-performing supplier relationships (e.g. by developing routines to exit from those supplier relationships). Originality/value The paper contributes to a better understanding of dynamic approaches to networking with suppliers and their impact on product innovation from the perspective of the focal firm. It furthermore provides a fine-grained understanding of different latent classes of firms in terms of how they utilize networking capabilities.

In some circumstances complex adaptive systems composed of numerous self-interested agents can self-organize into structures that enhance global adaptation, efficiency, or function. However, the general conditions for such an outcome are poorly understood and present a fundamental open question for domains as varied as ecology, sociology, economics, organismic biology, and technological infrastructure design. In contrast, sufficient conditions for artificial neural networks to form structures that perform collective computational processes such as associative memory/recall, classification, generalization, and optimization are well understood. Such global functions within a single agent or organism are not wholly surprising, since the mechanisms (e.g., Hebbian learning) that create these neural organizations may be selected for this purpose; but agents in a multi-agent system have no obvious reason to adhere to such a structuring protocol or produce such global behaviors when acting from individual self-interest. However, Hebbian learning is actually a very simple and fully distributed habituation or positive feedback principle. Here we show that when self-interested agents can modify how they are affected by other agents (e.g., when they can influence which other agents they interact with), then, in adapting these inter-agent relationships to maximize their own utility, they will necessarily alter them in a manner homologous with Hebbian learning. Multi-agent systems with adaptable relationships will thereby exhibit the same system-level behaviors as neural networks under Hebbian learning. For example, improved global efficiency in multi-agent systems can be explained by the inherent ability of associative memory to generalize by idealizing stored patterns and/or creating new combinations of subpatterns. Thus distributed multi-agent systems can spontaneously exhibit adaptive global behaviors in the same sense, and by the same mechanism, as with the organizational principles familiar in connectionist models of organismic learning.

Purpose This paper aims to review the application of business process management (BPM) in the port sector. Its objective is to understand whether BPM principles are applied in the port sector, the role of the procedural factor in port performance evaluation and whether electronic data interchange systems have been used for process management purposes. Design/methodology/approach The objective of this research is to conduct a critical review of existing academic literature in the domain of BPM and its application in the ports sector. This paper assessed more than a hundred recent publications, from key journals in the domains of port economics, BPM and information technology. The two principle platforms used are the online databases of the World Bank Group and the University of Antwerp. Findings Academic literature reviewed reveals a partial application of BPM in the port and maritime sector. BPM related research is conducted via the utilization of modeling algorithms or optimization and simulation tools. There exists evidence that electronic data interchange (EDI) data extracted from EDI platforms can be used to model inter-organizational business processes in several industries. Yet, to the best of the author’s knowledge, no research investigates Port Community System (PCS) or single window (SW) data utilization for BPM purposes, although PCS and SW benefits are well documented. Port performance is largely assessed based on the production theory, and limited number of studies use elements of procedural efficiency as variables for their analysis. Originality/value The holistic application of BPM has been researched in numerous industries but in the port sector. This paper constitutes the first section of an original research study to define key components, assumptions and constraints for developing a comprehensive BPM framework in the port sector.

The paper describes a Non-linear Control (ETNC) approach for constrained Networked Feedback Control Systems (NFCS). The real-time controller execution is implemented based on the Event-triggering paradigm. A nonlinear variable structure is used for the controller design. The nonlinear approach is based on the predefined sliding variable defined by the system states with a nonlinear switching function. The system's stability is analyzed regarding the evolution of the sliding variable. The Event-Triggered operation of the nonlinear controller is based on the prescribed triggering rule. The stability boundary of the sliding variable is subject to the preselected triggering condition, whose selection is a tradeoff of system performance, networks constraints and transmission capabilities. The main focus of the Event triggering approach is lowering network resources utilization in the steady-state behavior of the NFCS. The presented approach ensures a non-zero inter-event time of controller execution, which enables scheduling and optimization of the network operation regarding the network constraints and real-time system performance. The efficiency of the presented method is presented with a comparison of the classical time triggering approach. The real measurement supports the results.

Purpose - The present article aims to reveal and summarize key points of the application of information and communication technology (ICT) and Internet technology in the context of modern organization communication, related management processes. Design/methodology/approach - methods of meta-analysis, comparative analysis and systemizing-synthesis are used in this article. A scoping review methodology was chosen as dominant for the research with the purpose of assessing key points in the context of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) usage in modern organizations. The research is based on a qualitative paradigm. Findings – Results of the scoping review suggest that ICT and CMC are compatible and can be successfully applicable to solve the main challenges in management and control contexts of inter-organizational, organizational, group (team) and inter-personal communication and related processes. In addition, this new combination of management methods and technological innovations has a great impact on opinion and behavior of customers and overall society, process improvement in business organizations, and change management. Research limitations/implications - Firstly, a limited scope of organizations especially in Public and Non-governmental sector use CMC in everyday duties. Nevertheless, a usage of ICT and CMC requires not only the understanding of the theoretical background but also strict practical implication guidelines as well as measurement and evaluation indicators, targets, and an overall model for analyzing. Since this article is based on the scoping review where main findings and conclusions are outlined from a meta-analysis, case studies and comparative analysis towards a practical implication are not sufficiently elaborated. The second limitation which can also be called a future implication might be a wide scope and content of the CMC concept as well as the dynamics of the communication process in organizations, increasing demand from business organizations. Practical implications -The research may serve as a starting point to a further scientific discussion regarding the usage ICT and CMC both separately and as a part of other hybrid project and process methods, optimization and continuous improvement of communication, learning, control and other related processes and systems in organization management. Originality/Value - The main value of the presented article can be described as underlying spheres where CMC has the major impact in management of modern organizations: it takes effect in a wide field of internal and external processes as well as in overall process optimization activities and change management. Keywords: Computer Mediated Communication (CMC); organization management; information and communication technology (ICT); Human Resource Management (HRM); leadership; technostress; online learning. Research type: literature review. JEL classification: M15- IT Management, D83 - Information and Knowledge, Communication.

2006/2007
Grazie alle tecnologie capaci di semplificare l'integrazione tra programmi remoti ospitati da differenti organizzazioni, le comunità scientifica ed ingegneristica stanno adottando architetture orientate ai servizi per: aggregare, condividere e distribuire le loro risorse di calcolo, per gestire grandi quantità di dati e per eseguire simulazioni attraverso Internet. I Web Service, per esempio, permettono ad un'organizzazione di esporre, in Internet, le funzionalità dei loro sistemi e di renderle scopribili ed accessibili in un modo controllato. Questo progresso tecnologico può permettere nuove applicazioni anche nell'area dell'ottimizzazione di progetti. Gli attuali sistemi di ottimizzazione di progetti sono di solito confinati all'interno di una singola organizzazione o dipartimento. D'altra parte, i moderni prodotti manifatturieri sono l'assemblaggio di componenti provenienti da diverse organizzazioni. Componendo i servizi delle organizzazioni coinvolte, si può creare un workflow che descrive il modello del prodotto composto. Questo servizio composto puo a sua volta essere usato da un sistema di ottimizzazione inter-organizzazione. I compromessi progettuali che sono implicitamente incorporati per architetture locali, devono essere riconsiderati quando questi sistemi sono messi in opera su scala globale in Internet. Ad esempio: i) la qualità delle connessioni tra i nodi può variare in modo impredicibile; ii) i nodi di terze parti mantengono il pieno controllo delle loro risorse, incluso, per esempio, il diritto di diminuire le risorse in modo temporaneo ed impredicibile. Dal punto di vista del sistema come un'entità unica, si vorrebbero massimizzare le prestazioni, cioè, per esempio, il throughput inteso come numero di progetti candidati valutati per unità di tempo. Dal punto di vista delle organizzazioni partecipanti al workflow si vorrebbe, invece, minimizzare il costo associato ad ogni valutazione. Questo costo può essere un ostacolo all'adozione del paradigma distribuito, perché le organizzazioni partecipanti condividono le loro risorse (cioè CPU, connessioni, larghezza di banda e licenze software) con altre organizzazioni potenzialmente sconosciute. Minimizzare questo costo, mentre si mantengono le prestazioni fornite ai clienti ad un livello accettabile, può essere un potente fattore per incoraggiare le organizzazioni a condividere effettvivamente le proprie risorse. Lo scheduling di istanze di workflows, ovvero stabilire quando e dove eseguire un certo workflow, in un tale ambiente multi-organizzazione, multi-livello e geograficamente disperso, ha un forte impatto sulle prestazioni. Questo lavoro investiga alcuni dei problemi essenziali di prestazioni e di costo legati a questo nuovo scenario. Per risolvere i problemi inviduati, si propone un sistema di controllo dell'accesso adattativo davanti al workflow engine che limita il numero di esecuzioni concorrenti. Questa proposta può essere implementata in modo molto semplice: tratta i servizi come black-box e non richiede alcuna interazione da parte delle organizzazioni partecipanti. La tecnica è stata valutata in un ampio spettro di scenari, attraverso simulazione ad eventi discreti. I risultati sperimentali suggeriscono che questa tecnica può fornire dei significativi benefici garantendo alti livelli di throughput e bassi costi.
Thanks to technologies able to simplifying the integration among remote programs hosted by different organizations, engineering and scientific communities are embodying service oriented architectures to aggregate, share and distribute their computing resources to process and manage large data sets, and to execute simulations through Internet. Web Service, for example, allow an organization to expose the functionality of its internal systems on the Internet and to make it discoverable and accessible in a controlled manner. Such a technological advance may enable novel applications also in the area of design optimization. Current design optimization systems are usually confined within the boundary of a single organization or department. Modern engineering products, on the other hand, are assembled out of components developed by several organizations. Composing services from the involved organizations, a model of the composite product can be described by an appropriate workflow. Such composite service can then be used by a inter-organizational design optimization system. The design trade-offs that have been implicitly incorporated within local environments, may have to be reconsidered when deploying these systems on a global scale on the Internet. For example: i) node-to-node links may vary their service quality in an unpredictable manner; ii) third party nodes retains full control over their resources including, e.g., the right to decrease the resource amount temporarily and unpredictably. From the point of view of the system as a whole, one would like to maximize the performance, i.e. throughput the number of candidate design evaluations performed per unit of time. From the point of view of a participant organization, however, one would like to minimize the cost associated with each evaluation. This cost can be an obstacle to the adoption of this distributed paradigm, because organizations participating in the composite service share they resources (e.g. CPU, link bandwidth and software licenses) with other, potentially unknown, organizations. Minimizing such cost while keeping performance delivered to clients at an acceptable level can be a powerful factor for encouraging organizations to indeed share their services. The scheduling of workflow instances in such a multi-organization, multi-tiered and geographically dispersed environment have strong impacts on performance. This work investigates some of the fundamental performance and cost related issues involved in such a novel scenario. We propose an adaptive admission control to be deployed at the workflow engine level that limits the number of concurrent jobs. Our proposal can be implemented very simply: it handles the service as black-boxes, and it does not require any hook from the participating organizations. We evaluated our technique in a broad range of scenarios, by means of discrete event simulation. Experimental results suggest that it can provide significant benefits guaranteeing high level of throughput and low costs.
XX Ciclo
1974