Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Inter-manual transfer »

The lack of (inter-)laboratory standardization has hampered the application of universal cutoff values for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and their transfer to general clinical practice. The automation of the AD biomarker immunoassays is suggested to generate more robust results than using manual testing. Open-access platforms will facilitate the integration of automation for novel biomarkers, allowing the introduction of the protein profiling concept. A feasibility study was performed on an automated open-access platform of the commercial immunoassays for the 42-amino-acid isoform of amyloid-β (Aβ1–42), Aβ1–40, and total tau in CSF. Automated Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40, and tau immunoassays were performed within predefined acceptance criteria for bias and imprecision. Similar accuracy was obtained for ready-to-use calibrators as for reconstituted lyophilized kit calibrators. When compared with the addition of a standard curve in each test run, the use of a master calibrator curve, determined before and applied to each batch analysis as the standard curve, yielded an acceptable overall bias of −2.6% and −0.9% for Aβ1−42 and Aβ1–40, respectively, with an imprecision profile of 6.2% and 8.4%, respectively. Our findings show that transfer of commercial manual immunoassays to fully automated open-access platforms is feasible, as it performs according to universal acceptance criteria.

Pollen identification is an important task for the botanical certification of honey. It is performed via thorough microscopic examination of the pollen present in honey; a process called melissopalynology. However, manual examination of the images is hard, time-consuming and subject to inter- and intra-observer variability. In this study, we investigated the applicability of deep learning models for the classification of pollen-grain images into 20 pollen types, based on the Cretan Pollen Dataset. In particular, we applied transfer and ensemble learning methods to achieve an accuracy of 97.5%, a sensitivity of 96.9%, a precision of 97%, an F1 score of 96.89% and an AUC of 0.9995. However, in a preliminary case study, when we applied the best-performing model on honey-based pollen-grain images, we found that it performed poorly; only 0.02 better than random guessing (i.e., an AUC of 0.52). This indicates that the model should be further fine-tuned on honey-based pollen-grain images to increase its effectiveness on such data.

The demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships is increasing for various reasons. Despite their enormous size, cargo holds inside freighters transporting LNG have traditionally been constructed by welding to high-quality standards for safety. This process traditionally relies on manual labor or semi-automatic moving devices. In this study, a methodology was designed for robot-based automated laser welding inside large LNG cargo holds. The developed approach offers a practical solution to challenging issues such as the corrugation of the membrane that forms the inner walls of LNG cargo holds and the inter-floor movement of robots. This study analyzes and restructures the work for laser welding using mobile robots inside LNG cargo holds composed of membranes. For realistic constraints, such as inter-floor movement of robots and high-quality welding of membrane corrugations, methods integrated with manual work have been proposed. Additionally, for the overall membrane laser welding of the LNG cargo hold space, an automated method using robots was suggested. The developed methodology has been realized as operational software for the movement of robots for laser welding in LNG cargo holds.

Strong inter-rater reliability has been established for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R), specifically by examiners in research contexts. However, there is less support for inter-reliability in applied settings. This study examined archival data that included a sample of sex offenders ( n = 178) who entered federal custody between 1992 and 1998. The offenders were assessed using the PCL-R on two occasions. The first assessment occurred at Millhaven Institution, the intake unit for federally incarcerated offenders in the province of Ontario. The second assessment took place upon inmates’ transfer to the Regional Treatment Center, which admits federal inmates with intense psychological and psychiatric needs. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for item, total, factor, and facet scores. The ICC absolute agreement for the PCL-R total and factor scores from raters across both settings was slightly better than what has been previously reported by Hare. Results of this study show that the reliability of PCL-R scores in field settings can be comparable to those in research settings. Authors conclude by highlighting the importance of training, consultation, considering different scores for a given item, following the guidelines of the manual in addition to considering measures that enhance neutrality and reliability of findings in the criminal justice system.

Assessing and selecting the most viable embryos for transfer is an essential part of in vitro fertilization (IVF). In recent years, several approaches have been made to improve and automate the procedure using artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning. Based on images of embryos with known implantation data (KID), AI models have been trained to automatically score embryos related to their chance of achieving a successful implantation. However, as of now, only limited research has been conducted to evaluate how embryo selection models generalize to new clinics and how they perform in subgroup analyses across various conditions. In this paper, we investigate how a deep learning-based embryo selection model using only time-lapse image sequences performs across different patient ages and clinical conditions, and how it correlates with traditional morphokinetic parameters. The model was trained and evaluated based on a large dataset from 18 IVF centers consisting of 115,832 embryos, of which 14,644 embryos were transferred KID embryos. In an independent test set, the AI model sorted KID embryos with an area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.67 and all embryos with an AUC of 0.95. A clinic hold-out test showed that the model generalized to new clinics with an AUC range of 0.60–0.75 for KID embryos. Across different subgroups of age, insemination method, incubation time, and transfer protocol, the AUC ranged between 0.63 and 0.69. Furthermore, model predictions correlated positively with blastocyst grading and negatively with direct cleavages. The fully automated iDAScore v1.0 model was shown to perform at least as good as a state-of-the-art manual embryo selection model. Moreover, full automatization of embryo scoring implies fewer manual evaluations and eliminates biases due to inter- and intraobserver variation.

Aims: 1) To measure automatically in stroke survivors and neurologically intact adults, learning, inter-manual transfer (ImT) and retention of learning (Ret.) of a task requiring two sequential actions embedded with-in a video game. 2) To assess the effect of age and side of stroke on learning, ImT, and Ret. of a motor task consisting of two sequentially linked actions. Participants: All participants were right hand dominant and included: A) 112 neurologically intact adults comprising: 72 younger adults (41 females), mean±SD age, 27.06±4.8 years, range 20-36 years and 40 older adults (26 females), mean±SD age 66.2±8.4 years, range 52- 86 years. B) 21 previously right-handed stroke survivors (7 females; 9 left hemiparesis), mean±SD age 66.7±9.3 years, range 54-82 years. Methods: We developed a video game that requires the player to perform two sequential actions to complete a task that mimics natural manipulation tasks. The players must first move a spaceship to a meteor (the Lock-in time phase), using isometric forces applied to game controllers using their hand muscles. The player must then track the trajectory of the meteor; (Hold/Track phase). The Lock-in time phase is assessed as the time from target presentation to achieving the target. The Hold/Track phase is assessed as the accuracy of Tracking within the meteor during the hold/Track phase. Performance is measured as the mean accumulative distance of the centre of the space ship from the outer edge of the target during periods when spaceship is outside the target. For both phases indicators, shorter distances represent higher performance. The Lock-in time and Hold/Track data were recorded for pre-training performance for the non-trained hand (nTH), pre-training performance for the trained hand (TH), training trials of the TH, reassessment after training of both the TH and the nTH, and a reassessment of both the TH and the nTH seven days after the baseline assessment. Statistical Analysis: Repeated-measures ANOVA was used; Time was the within-participant factor to examine learning. Two separate analyses were undertaken; to examine initial learning -Time (Pre, and Post Training) and to examine retention/consolidation - Time (Post- Training and Retention at one week). Age (Young, Older), Training Hand (right or left), and Group (neurologically intact or stroke survivors) were the between-participant factor. The dependent variables were Lock-in Time or Track.

Les enfants prématurés reçoivent des stimulations sensorielles inappropriées lors d'une période critique de leur développement cérébral. Le toucher semble être une modalité clé chez les enfants prématurés. L'enjeu de ce travail de thèse était d'étudier les compétences tactiles manuelles précoces des enfants prématurés. Pour cela, nous nous sommes intéressés au traitement haptique (tactilo-kinesthésique) manuel de la forme des objets sans contrôle de la vision. Ce champ de recherche était resté jusqu'alors inexploré chez les enfants prématurés. Une première étude qui nous a servi d'étude pilote, nous a permis d'explorer les compétences (intra-main) à percevoir d'une main la différence entre deux formes d'objets (prisme vs. Cylindre) chez des enfants prématurés âgés de 33 à 34+6 SA (Semaines d'Aménorrhée). Dans une seconde étude, nous avons examiné l'évolution de ces compétences tactiles manuelles en fonction du degré de prématurité (trois groupes). Enfin, dans une troisième étude, nous avons étudié les compétences (inter-main) des enfants prématurés âgés de 33 à 34+6 SA à percevoir et mémoriser une forme d'objet avec une main et détecter une différence de forme avec l'autre main. Nos résultats révèlent l'existence d'une habituation et d'une discrimination manuelle de la forme des objets chez les enfants prématurés dès 28 SA. De plus, les enfants prématurés âgés de 28 à 34 SA présentent également des compétences de reconnaissance d'un objet familier suite à une interférence (présentation du nouvel objet) contrairement aux enfants âgés de plus de 34 SA. Les résultats particuliers de ce dernier groupe d'âge mettent en évidence des différences qualitatives avec les deux autres groupes de prématurité. Cependant les résultats ne montrent pas de différence quantitative des performances tactiles manuelles entre les trois groupes de prématurité. Enfin, les résultats révèlent qu'un transfert inter-manuel de la forme est présent chez les enfants prématurés témoignant de l'existence d'une communication entre les deux hémisphères cérébraux dès 33 SA. L'ensemble des résultats montre que l'enfant prématuré est déjà doté de compétences tactiles précoces. Ce travail de thèse apporte de nouvelles connaissances concernant le développement de la perception tactile et fournit des pistes de réflexion dans le cadre des soins de développement
Preterm infants receive inadequate sensory stimulations during a critical period of brain development. Touch seems to be a key modality in preterm infants. The aim of this thesis was to investigate early manual abilities in preterm infants. Therefore, we focused on manual haptic processing of object shape without vision control. This field of research remained hitherto unexplored in preterm infants. The first study investigated the abilities (intra-manual) to perceive in one hand the difference between the shape of two objects (prism vs. Cylinder) in preterm infants from 33 to 34+6 GW (Gestational Weeks). In a second study, we examined the development of these manual abilities depending on the degree of prematurity (three groups). Finally, in a third study, we investigated the abilities (inter-manual) of preterm infants from 33 to 34+6 GW to perceive and memorize an object's shape with one hand and to detect differences between two shapes in the opposite hand. Our results reveal that manual habituation and discrimination of object shape are present in preterm infants from 28 GW. In addition, preterm infants from 28 to 34 GW show recognition memory after haptic interference (presentation of a novel object) contrary to infants from 34 GW. This last result indicates qualitative differences between groups of prematurity. However, our results show no quantitative difference in manual performance between the three groups of prematurity. Finally, results reveal that an inter-manual transfer of shape information is present in preterm infants at 33 GW demonstrating the existence of communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. Overall, our results show that the preterm infant is already endowed with early tactile abilities. This thesis provides new theoretical insights concerning the development of tactile perception and opens new perspectives in the context of developmental care

The forestry sector in central Europe aims for a fully mechanized wood harvest. This goal is currently restricted by the limited reach of forest harvesters on the market and legislative specifications on the distance between skid trails. As a consortium of industry and academia, we are developing a novel forestry machine that is designed to fell and skid trees in the inter-field between skid trails and which is equipped with a lightweight boom for an extended reach; to date, felling in the inter-field is not reachable for harvesters and is done in manual labor. As a key risk, overturning the whole forestry vehicle prevents a transfer of current harvester designs to an extended reach. To avoid overturning, we apply a consequent lightweight design for the boom of the new forestry machine. The development of the forestry vehicle will be supported by a versatile use of Experimentable Digital Twins (EDT), which are one promising concept to push the idea of Digital Twins into practice. The EDT allows for interaction in a pure virtual or in a hybrid environment. The tasks of EDT in the context of the new forestry machine will include a virtual prototype in the development phase, a driver assistance system in the operational phase, and a central hub for a strain-based monitoring system in the operational phase. This contribution gives an insight into our present work on the EDT of the novel forestry machine, emphasizing the load monitoring system of the lightweight boom. On a conceptual level, we present the load monitoring system, addressing the challenges specific to this application. We outline the proposed strain sensor distribution and describe the interaction with the EDT.

Foliar litter has an important role in the nutrient cycle of the forest ecosystem. Various litter fractions have different chemical composition and decomposition rate, which determines the dynamics of soil nutrient input. In addition, the proportion of litter fractions varies within the year and inter-annually depending on both biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, knowledge of the composition of litter fractions is important for the accurate modelling of nutrient cycling. This study aimed to evaluate the application of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method for the quantification of litter fractions to increase the efficiency of acquiring such data by avoiding the need for manual sorting of litter fractions. Mid-infrared diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectrometer (MIR-DRIFTS) was calibrated and the elaborated quantification methods were validated by using 152 fine-milled foliar litter samples with a known composition of four fractions: pine needles; all needles and leaves; twigs; rest of litter, including seeds, flowers, and insects. Samples used were collected at three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) dominated stands over eight years. The performance of elaborated MIR-DRIFTS methods was evaluated by estimating bias from reference value and standard deviation of results obtained. The estimated combined uncertainty of litter fraction quantification results by the MIR-DRIFTS method is in a range from 12% to 15%.