Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Inter-branch organizations »

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate extremism as a complex inter-branch concept which complicates law enforcement practice. Methodology: This is an analytic-dialectical research whose data are obtained through the analysis of historical, legal and sociological texts and data. Main Findings: When defining extremism in the basic law of anti-extremist legislation, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that the phenomenon, the concept of which should be formulated, is manifested in different spheres of social and political life. In conclusion, extremism creates an ideological basis for terrorism, but the acts of terrorism go beyond the concept of extremism. Applications: This article can be used by regional schools, cultural organizations and universities. Novelty/Originality: In this study, correlation between the phenomena of terrorism and extremism has been studied on the basis of definition for terrorist act given in part 1 of article 205 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation.

The author of the article explains the advantages of using the method of inter-branch analogy and the use of established civil-law mechanisms to govern unsettled labor relations associated with the need to exercise judicial control over the amount of compensation paid for early dismissal to chief executive officers, their deputies, chief accountants of organizations in cases when dismissal occurs in the absence of any wrongdoing on behalf of an employee due to the change of ownership of the legal entity property or individuals controlling the legal entity. The author argues that lack of clear regulatory criteria applicable to determine the limits of discretion to establish the amount of such payments, legal uncertainty with respect of prior approval necessity and possibility of subsequent challenge of "golden parachutes" agreements on behalf of the beneficiaries of the organization constitute the most significant legal gap in the field in question. Due to the fact that a high degree of similarity was established with respect of the regime of transactions and labor agreements of top managers with regard to "golden parachutes" arrangements and a significant legal similarity was revealed between "golden parachutes" and civil law compensations paid to the creditor when the debtor exercised the right to unilaterally refuse to fulfill of the obligation, the author insists on doctrinal support for the application of rules applied to challenge major transactions and (or) interested party transactions to labor "golden parachutes" agreements, as well as the application of the mechanism of judicial reduction of abusive civil-law compensation to labor disputes in question.

The article deals with the analyzes of foreign investors role in Russian regions based on the data on the investment in fixed assets of organizations with foreign capital and the regions attractiveness for foreign and domestic investors based on non-budgetary investment to GRP. New approaches are suggested to quantitative assessment of branch specialization of regions (first of all for metal and oil and gas industry) and the volume of their markets, which are among the factors explaining inter-regional differences in the role of foreign capital. Also the importance of the state investment policy, the size of regional economy, offshore origin of foreign capital is shown.

The responsibility of states and international organizations is an essential issue of contemporary international law. All other debates in this branch of law seem to follow up on this issue. In fact, whenever a state violates its international obligation, the question of the responsibility of such a state arises. However, in addition to being essential, this issue is also an extremely politically sensitive area, as only some states, guided mainly by demand for respect for their territorial sovereignty and the principle of equality of all states, are willing to accept all the consequences of such behavior in international relations with other subjects of international law, while those that consider themselves more equal than others (primus inter pares), particularly the great world powers, will be largely reluctant to accept legal responsibility for their illegal acts, and especially for the commission of international crimes in the narrow sense, which includes the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. With international organizations, the problems in this regard are perhaps even greater.In this paper we examine the meaning of further survival of the concept of criminal responsibility of states and international organizations, wanting to examine the concept and definition of criminal responsibility of transnational corporations at the international level, while in the second part of the article we try to shed a light on political-legal responsibility. In addition to the fact that this concept is probably unsustainable under international law, it seems that the approach to advocating for the criminal responsibility of the state, as well as international organizations, is unnecessary. Therefore, we should work on building and thoroughly elaborating the concept of international responsibility of the state and the international organization in the conditions of international crimes stricto sensu, in other words, serious breaches of obligations arising from peremptory norms of general international law. In this way, without creating legally unsustainable constructions, essentially the same goal would be achieved.

At present, the possibility of providing qualified medical care anywhere in the world has become a reality thanks to the development of telemedicine technologies. The development and improvement of telemedicine technologies is due to the regulatory and legal regulation and implementation of the national project «Health Care», which was developed on the basis of the Presidential Decree № 204 of 07.05.2018 «On the national goals and strategic objectives of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024». (hereinafter – the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2018 № 204) [9]. The National Medical Research Centers (NMRCs) were tasked with organizing advisory and methodological expert support for specialized regional medical organizations of the 3rd level of RF subjects. Cheboksary branch «The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution» supervises ophthalmological service of 8 subjects of the Russian Federation: Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Ulyanovsk regions, Republics of Mordovia, Udmurtia, Mari-El, Tatarstan and Chuvashia. The article presents the experience of Cheboksary branch «The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution» of Health of Russia on the use of telemedicine technologies to improve the provision of specialized, including high-tech medical care in the profile «Ophthalmology». Over the 3-year period of operation, the number of requests for telemedicine consultations at the «doctor-physician» level has increased significantly. In addition, from January 2021, Cheboksary branch «The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution» provides consultative care at the «doctor-patient» level. Purpose of the study is to present the experience of Cheboksary branch «The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution» of Health of Russia on the use of telemedicine consultations (TMC) performed using the «Telemedicine consultations» component of the federal electronic registry subsystem of the unified state information system in healthcare (USGISZ FER TMC component) from 2019 to 2021 and the «MEDTERA Telemedicine» unified secure technological platform from 2021. Material and Methods. Telemedical consultations on the basis of the Cheboksary branch «The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution» are performed by highly qualified specialists – heads of the departments, research workers, leading specialists in different fields of ophthalmology. Telemedical consultations at the «doctor-physician» level are performed as follows: at the initial stage, a request for a consultation is received from specialized medical organizations of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which is processed by the employees of the Department of Telemedical Consultations. Information about the request is registered in the database, its profile is evaluated, as well as the quality, completeness and relevance of the data of the attached medical documentation. For real-time consultation «doctor-patient» through video or audio conferencing, the patient makes an independent appointment for a convenient date and time with a particular specialist. Results. During 3 years of the TMC functioning at the Cheboksary branch «The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution» the number of requests for telemedicine consultations at the “doctor-physician” level in the field of ophthalmology from 8 subjects of the Russian Federation of the Volga Federal District is progressively increasing. The bulk of telemedicine consultations are scheduled requests. During the 3-year period of telemedicine consultations at the Cheboksary branch «The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution» there were 94 TMK from the Republic of Tatarstan, 79 TMK from the Chuvash Republic, 61 TMK from the Republic of Mariy-El, 53 TMK from the Republic of Udmurtia, 46 TMK from the Kirov region, 37 TMK from the Nizhny Novgorod region, 36 TMK from the Ulyanovsk region, 23 TMK from the Republic of Mordovia. Findings. Summarizing the results of the analysis of the structure of telemedicine consultations performed using the IGISZ FER TMC component, it can be summarized that the IGISZ FER TMC component is a convenient, effective tool, which allows to comply with the Russian legislation in conducting telemedicine consultations, as well as to analyze the structure of telemedicine consultations conducted with its use.

Background: The transport industry is leading in the overall structure of the country's economy. In parts of the regions, this industry can be a branch of specialization. Aim: To forecast further development of the industry in the territory of Ugra. Method: Analysis based on a questionnaire survey of organizations related to the transport industry in Ugra. To analyze the further development of the transport industry of Ugra, the methods of SWOT analysis and rating ranking were used. Results: The study revealed the main and secondary factors of the transport industry of Ugra. The analysis allowed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of transport, opportunities and threats to its development. On the basis of the analysis three rows of the forecast of transport development are given: pessimistic, moderate and optimistic. Conclusion: Thus, based on the analysis of the data presented, the following conclusions can be drawn: First, regional or inter-municipal highways, as well as the federal highway, perform a clearly expressed system-forming, supporting role in the common network of Ugra roads - on 8 km of these roads 8.8 km of private and local roads (for example, in Russia this ratio is 2.8 km); These roads, in comparison with the average indicators for regional or intermunicipal motorways of Russia, have higher loads, both from single types of motor transport, and the total load from all types of motor transport. Secondly, measurements of traffic on the bridge over the Ob River in Surgut showed that 44 % of passenger cars and 69 % of trucks, as well as 54 % of buses in the transport stream, consisted of transport from 32 other regions of the country. Taking into account that Rosstat cites the volumes of cargo transportation by organizations in the place of their registration, it is possible to assume with full justification that the actual volume of transported goods along the roads of Yugra is much larger. Above and the dynamics of growth in the volumes of goods transported by road. Thirdly, the industrial orientation of economic development predetermines the vastness of economic ties between Ugra and other regions of the country, which places regional inter-regional importance for the main regional roads, and therefore the construction and maintenance of such highways should be carried out not only at the expense of the budget of the Autonomous Okrug, but also of the federal budget.

The article focuses on the terminology of English law as a system. It deals with the main specific characteristics of the English legal terminology and studies the systemic nature of the terminology of Criminal Law. Nowadays, an increasing role of the study of professional language (Language for Specific Purposes) is obvious since it is a means of dissemination and exchange of professional information and a means of communication in the professional discourse. It is a system of terms that constitutes the core of the Language for Specific Purposes. The study of terminology is of paramount importance for the legal sphere of human activity where the accuracy of interpretation plays a very substantial part. Legal terms have a number of specific characteristics, such as: abstract nature of legal notions; introduction of new terms by regulatory organizations; an important role of judicial interpretation in constituting shades of meaning of a legal terminological unit; and the fact that a legal term may belong to a particular area of Law, which makes it possible to refer it to the category of general legal, branch-wise, or inter-branch vocabulary. Every term has its particular place among other elements of a system and is related to them in a particular way. A terminological system should be considered as a whole, and there are particular hierarchical relations between its elements. Within a terminological system, it is possible to seta hierarchy of generic and specific terms that can form the so-called semantic field. One of the features demonstrating the systemic links within a terminology is the existence of some typical structural models, according to which terms are coined. An important criterion is the predominance ofterminological word-combinations of a certain type. For example, in the terminology of Criminal Law the models Noun + Preposition + Noun and Adjective + Noun are the most common structural models. Another important criterion of a systemic nature of terminology is the existence of antonymous relations between terminological units. Undoubtedly, systemic approach to terminological studies allows optimizing the learning process.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the global financial crisis on Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) bank regulation and the impact on the region and the policies adopted by the regulators to avoid financial panic and contagion. Design/methodology/approach – The author examines GCC countries’ financial soundness indicators in terms of capital adequacy, non-performing loans and provisioning rates, including central bank liquidity support, deposit guarantees, capital injections and monetary easing and policies to mitigate risk assessment, and the monitoring and elimination of practices promoting excessive risk. GCC compliance regimes through multinational organizations and the exposure of the region to cross-border financial linkages to test for financial soundness are assessed. Findings – Overall, results indicate that comprehensive regulatory oversight exists in the GCC in conformity with international standards, and Basel capital adequacy requirements, and that the GCC regulators have acted prudently to establish high coverage in all measures but that gaps exit concerning cross-border surveillance and a need for imposition of capital surcharges on banks deemed high systemic risk. The supervision of Islamic financial institutions and a lack of inter-GCC liquidity support mechanism for this segment are highlighted. Practical implications – The paper shows that the GCC regulators need to address cross-border surveillance, as local banks branch internationally and foreign banks operate in the region. Originality/value – The author is not aware of any similar work that compares the regulatory policies of the GCC.

Introduction. Formed inter-branch connections in the meat product sub-complex are characterized by complexity and variety of forms and methods, increasing influence on the final results of the functioning of organizations of the meat product sub-complex in general. In addition, the existing inter-industry relations affect the rates of economic growth and prospects for the development of the country's economy. Therefore, the formation of a new system of economic relations in modern conditions necessitates the development of inter-sectoral cooperation in the structure of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted using general scientific methods and techniques: logical and qualitative analysis and synthesis – when substantiating theoretical approaches to the functioning of the meat product sub-complex, system and structural analysis – when analysing the current state of operations of enterprises of the meat product sub-complex; comparative analysis – when comparing foreign and domestic experience of conducting activities in the specified field; the method of cause-and-effect analysis – to identify problems in the development of enterprises of the meat product sub-complex and the industry; logical generalization – for the formation of conclusions and proposals. Results. We believe that the implementation of measures for the development of family livestock farms will contribute to the creation of new permanent jobs. For greater positive dynamics in this direction, it is necessary to develop special credit programs for the creation of both family farms and workshops for the processing of livestock products, which is a measure of the “green basket” and is not subject to restrictions under the terms of Ukraine's membership in the WTO. In our opinion, the amount of grant support for the development of family livestock farms should be directly related to the obligations of the recipients for a certain amount of produced products of the appropriate quality. Only in this case can we talk about the effectiveness of state funds directed to support small businesses. Discussion. Ukraine's membership in the EU will require the development of effective methods of state support for Ukrainian meat producers in order to ensure their competitiveness both on the domestic and global agri-food market in terms of quality and cost indicators, which is the perspective of our further research. Keywords: state support, business entities, meat products, grant support, meat products complex.

The article provides history of setting up the company 'Rostagroexport', one of the biggest producer of dairy produce in Russia. The author shows in detail the evolution of the group strategy development, from aggressive dumping to output of premium produce and offer of exclusive services (sports and recreation) and describes preconditions of their development and conditions of implementation, as well as specific features of designing polar strategies supplementing key lines in the group activity, which are typical of the period of corporate maturity. In its speedy development the group successively passed over from strategy of cost leadership to strategy of vertical integration and differentiation and later to strategy of diversification by minimizing risks, optimizing various business-processes, extending its production and trading potential, creating inter-branch cooperation, including enterprises of agriculture, food industry and trade, sports and tourist sphere, etc. An important place in the article is taken by analyzing rules of doing business, i.e. grounds of efficient management of any enterprise developed by B. Alexandrov, the founder of the group as a result of long experience of developing different corporate businesses and a comparative analysis of 'Rostagroexport' group rules with management principles of other well-known entrepreneurs and their companies. On this basis advantages and shortcomings of their use in management of commercial organizations of a wide sphere of activity were identified. Special attention is paid to study and assessment of such socially important rules of doing business, as 'pay to your employees in good time' and 'motivate people in positive ways'.

У роботі розглянуто специфіку розвитку екскурсійних послуг Одеського морського порту на засадах диверсифікації діяльності. Проаналізовано сферу морського туризму в Україні, світовий досвід створення туристичних кластерів, визначено потенціал створення кластеру морського туризму в м. Одесі. Запропоновано модель кластеру морського туризму м. Одеси, визначено особливості його структури та заходи для його розвитку.
The object of study is the specifics of the development of excursion services of the Odessa seaport on the basis of diversification of activities. Analysis of the maritime tourism in Ukraine, international experience of tourism clusters identified potential clusters in marine tourism Odessa. The model of the cluster of sea tourism of Odessa is offered, features of its structure and measures for its development are defined.

L'obiettivo principale di questo lavoro di ricerca è quello di fornire il quadro e la qualità delle tutele offerte per il lavoro subordinato dalla specifica normativa giuslavoristica e dalla contrattazione collettiva di lavoro, alla luce dell'evoluzione economico-produttiva del settore agricolo. La Thesis che si vuole dimostrare è che nel settore primario le tutele scaturenti dalla normativa legale e pattizia dei rapporti di lavoro subordinato e il sistema di relazioni sindacali non risultano appropriati al sistema economico-produttivo né corrispondono alle esigenze di tutela dei lavoratori, dei datori di lavoro e delle strutture collettive del sistema padronale
The study explores and discusses the specific national framework of Labour Law and Labour relations system in the agricultural sector. The study reveals that the country has a quite exhaustive structure of labour legislation and collective bargaining but practically the labour laws and contractual protections are inappropriate in terms of effective tutelage of workers' needs and does not reflects the evolution of the agricultural sector and its heterogenity of products and markets. The CAP and particular Italian agro-industrial legislation have contributed to all this

У роботі розглянуто специфіку медичного туризму, сутність поняття кластерів, визначення кластерної теорії у туристичній галузі, особливості моделі організації кластерів медичного туризму. Проаналізовано сферу медичного туризму в Україні, світовий досвід створення туристичних кластерів, визначено потенціал створення кластеру медичного туризму в м. Одесі. Запропоновано модель кластеру медичного туризму м. Одеси, визначено особливості його структури та заходи для його розвитку.
The article deals with the specifics of medical tourism, the essence of the concept of clusters, the definition of cluster theory in the tourism industry, features of the model of organization of clusters of medical tourism. The sphere of medical tourism in Ukraine, the world experience of creation of tourist clusters is analysed, the potential of creation of the cluster of medical tourism in Odessa is determined. The model of the cluster of medical tourism of Odessa is proposed, the features of its structure and measures for its development are determined.

Since its founding of the republic, Americans have devised a variety of different ways to reconcile unity with depth, separation with checks, and presidentialism with republicanism. This chapter surveys the succession of informal institutional and organizational improvisations that periodically altered practical working relationships within the American constitutional system. These extra-constitutional contrivances created several distinctive “systems” of administration, each of which preserved the republican idea of inter-branch collaboration. Nineteenth-century remedies were party-based; twentieth-century remedies were administration-based. The move from one system to the next marked a profound change in the operation of government at large, but at every turn, a more powerful presidency was corralled into novel arrangements that reaffirmed collective responsibility. The origins of our beleaguered republic lay in the 1970s, when that spirit of accommodation began to break down. Presidents grew more independent in their political and institutional powers, and they asserted their right to unitary control over the executive branch more vigorously. In the congressional pushback, collaboration gave way to a constitutional face-off.