Articles de revues : « Integrated fertiliser strategies »

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Strapchuk, Svitlana, et Olena Mykolenko. « Algorithm for Selecting Alternative Strategies for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Enterprises ». Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series «Economics» 9, n^o 2 (2022) : 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ.9(2).2022.9-17.

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Growing food shortage encourage businesses to increase yields, mainly through extensive capacity building. However, this path often leads to a negative impact on the environment and does not consider social issues. Increasing yields requires the implementation of strategies for sustainable agricultural development and intensification of production. Selecting such strategies at the level of agricultural enterprises requires their classification and analysis. The purpose of the study is to group agrarian enterprises in Kharkiv Oblast and identify clusters with high potential for the implementation of alternative strategies for sustainable intensification. Based on the concept proposed by J. Pretty, the study classifies enterprises by the ecological and economic, socio-economic and environmental dimensions on the basis of such factors as crop diversity, depreciation, organic fertiliser application, labour costs, use of mineral fertilisers, fuel materials per hectare of land. Data from 514 agricultural production enterprises in Kharkiv Oblast in 2019 and 510 enterprises in 2020 were used for the categorisation. The data were processed through a cluster analysis method using specialised Microsoft Excel and SPSS21 software. The study presents an algorithm for choosing strategies for sustainable development and sustainable intensification of agricultural enterprises based on cluster analysis. Classification of enterprises by the level of diversity of agricultural crops, application of organic fertilisers, labour costs, application of mineral fertilisers, depreciation level, fuel materials per hectare of land allowed identifying agricultural enterprises that have the greatest potential to implement sustainable intensification practices from the proposed alternatives. The introduction of integrated pest management tools has been suggested for companies that consume significant amounts of mineral fertilisers and fuels and lubricants. The practical significance of the findings lies in providing recommendations for selecting sustainable intensification strategies depending on the level of enterprise yields, the amount of mineral fertiliser and fuel and lubricants used, the diversity of crops, etc

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Rancāne, Regīna, Alma Valiuškaitė, Laura Ozoliņa-Pole, Guna Bundzēna, Maksims Fiļipovičs et Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė. « The Effectiveness of Synthetic and Inorganic Substances in Different Apple Scab Control Strategies ». Agriculture 14, n^o 3 (28 février 2024) : 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030383.

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A two-year trial (2021 and 2022) was performed with five different fungicide and foliar fertiliser application strategies to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in integrated apple orchards in Latvia. A strategy of using inorganic fungicides or combining them with synthetic fungicides was compared to a strategy of applications with only synthetic fungicides and untreated control. Furthermore, two strategies included foliar fertilisers to determine whether they may affect apple scab used alone or combined with synthetic fungicides. The timing of the fungicide applications was based on the risk forecasted by the decision support system RIMpro, and fertilisers were used at certain growth stages of the crop. The disease incidence on untreated fruits on cv. Auksis ranged from 38.3% to 59.6%, and on cv. Ligol from 99.3% to 99.5%. Strategies including synthetic fungicides were the most effective against scab on shoot leaves and fruits. The strategy using only inorganic fungicides was effective for low-inoculum orchards. Combining synthetic and inorganic fungicides provided the best apple scab control strategy on fruits, likely helping reduce the resistance selection pressure and residues of synthetic fungicides. Foliar fertilisers were insufficient to control apple scab; they would supplement existing scab fungicide programs.

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Raju, K. Srinivasa, et Lucien Duckstein. « Integrated application of cluster and multicriterion analysis for ranking water resources planning strategies : a case study in Spain ». Journal of Hydroinformatics 6, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2004) : 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2004.0022.

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Integrated application of cluster analysis and Multicriterion Decision-Making (MCDM) is employed for the case study of the Flumen Monegros irrigation area in the Huesca province of Spain. Economic, environmental and social criteria are used to rank alternative strategies. Alternative strategies are formulated by mixing factors such as irrigation systems, water pricing, water allocation, crop distribution, fertiliser use and subsidies received. Cluster analysis is employed to reduce the large size payoff matrix to a manageable subset for further use of the MCDM technique. ELECTRE-3, an MCDM technique of outranking nature, is employed to rank the alternative strategies. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient is employed here to analyse the correlation between the ranking patterns obtained from various scenarios. Results indicate that three representative strategies are to be preferred based on this analysis.

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Chandra, Mandapelli Sharath, R. K. Naresh, Rajan Bhatt, Praveen V. Kadam, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar et Md Atikur Rahman. « Conservation tillage and fertiliser management strategies impact on basmati rice (Oryza sativa L) : crop performance, crop water productivity, nutrient uptake and fertility status of the soil under rice-wheat cropping system ». PeerJ 11 (1 novembre 2023) : e16271. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16271.

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Background The sustainability of paddy production systems in South Asia has recently been affected by a decline in soil health and excessive water usage. As a response to the global energy crisis, escalating costs of synthetic fertilisers, and growing environmental concerns, the utilization of organic plant-nutrient sources has gained considerable attention. Emerging adaptation technologies, including conservation tillage and innovative approaches to fertilizer management, present practical choices that can significantly contribute to the long-term preservation of soil fertility. Methods The two year-long field experiment was completed in sandy loam soil during rainy (Kharif) seasons in 2019 and 2020 at the crop research centre farm of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agricultural & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to analyze the impacts of different tillage establishment of the crop and its methodologies as well as integrated nutritional management approaches on rice growth, yield, productivity of water, nutrient uptake, and fertility status of soil under a rice-wheat rotation system. The experiment was set up in a factorial randomized block design and replicated three times in a semi-arid subtropical environment. Results The conventionally transplanted rice puddled (CT-TPR) grew substantially better taller plants, and higher dry matter buildup leads to increased yields than transplanted rice under raised wide bed (WBed-TPR). WBed-TPR plots had more tillers, LAI, CGR, RGR, and yield characteristics of the rice in two year study. CT-TPR increased grain yield by 4.39 and 4.03% over WBed-TPR in 2019 and 2020, while WBed-TPR produced the highest water productivity (0.44 kg m−3) than CT-TPR, respectively. The 100% RDF+ ZnSO4 25 kg ha−1 + FYM (5 t ha−1) + PSB (5 kg ha−1) + Azotobacter 20 kg ha−1 (N6) treatment outperformed the other fertiliser management practices in terms of crop growth parameters, yields of grain (4,903 and 5,018 kg ha−1), nutrient uptake and NPK availability, organic soil carbon. Among the fertilizer management practices, with the direct applications of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), farm yard manure (FYM), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Azatobactor and zinc worked synergistically and increased grain yields by 53.4, 51.3, 47.9 and 46.2% over their respective control treatment. Conclusions To enhance rice productivity and promote soil health, the study suggests that adopting conservation tillage-based establishment practices and implementing effective fertilizer management techniques could serve as practical alternatives. It is concluded that the rice yield was improved by the inclusive use of inorganic fertiliser and organic manure (FYM). Additionally, the study observed that the combination of conventional puddled transplanted rice (CT-TPR) and N6 nitrogen application resulted in enhanced rice crop productivity and improved soil health.

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Tozer, K. N., D. F. Chapman, P. E. Quigley, P. M. Dowling, R. D. Cousens et G. A. Kearney. « Integrated management of vulpia in dryland perennial pastures of southern Australia ». Crop and Pasture Science 60, n^o 1 (2009) : 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp07445.

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Vulpia (Vulpia species C.C. Gmel.) are annual grass weeds that can reduce pasture quality and stock-carrying capacity of perennial pastures throughout southern Australia. To develop more effective strategies to control vulpia, an experiment was established in western Victoria (average annual rainfall 565 mm) in phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) pastures comparing the effects of control methods [comprising combinations of fertiliser addition (Fert), a single herbicide (simazine) application (Sim), and pasture rest from grazing (Rest)] on vulpia populations. A further herbicide treatment [paraquat-diquat (SpraySeed®)] was imposed on some of these treatments. Measurements included botanical composition, phalaris and vulpia tiller density, seed production, and number of residual seeds in the soil. Vulpia content remained unchanged in the Sim-Rest treatment but increased in all other management treatments over the duration of the 3 year study and especially where paraquat-diquat was applied, despite paraquat-diquat causing an initial reduction in vulpia content. Vulpia content was lowest in the Fert-Sim-Rest treatment. The Fert-Sim treatment and in some cases paraquat-diquat application reduced vulpia tiller production. Vulpia seed production and the residual seed population were not influenced by any of the management treatments, while the single paraquat-diquat application increased vulpia seed production 18 months after application. Phalaris content was enhanced by the Sim-Rest and Fert-Sim-Rest treatments and initially by paraquat-diquat. No treatment affected phalaris tiller production and basal cover. The subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) content declined during the experiment, but to a lesser extent where paraquat-diquat was applied. Volunteer species content was initially suppressed in the year following paraquat-application, although populations recovered after this time. Of the two Vulpia spp. present (V. bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray and V. myuros (L.) C.C. Gmelin), V. bromoides was the most prevalent. Results show how a double herbicide application can increase vulpia fecundity and rate of re-infestation of herbicide-treated sites. Pasture rest shows some promise, but to a lesser extent than in the New South Wales tablelands, where summer rainfall may increase the growth of perennial species. In lower rainfall, summer dry areas, responses to pasture rest may be slower. Despite this, integrated management (which combines strategies such as pasture rest, herbicide application, and fertiliser application) increases the perennial content and reduces vulpia seed production, thus improving vulpia control.

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Wang, Weijin, Glen Park, Steven Reeves, Megan Zahmel, Marijke Heenan et Barry Salter. « Nitrous oxide emission and fertiliser nitrogen efficiency in a tropical sugarcane cropping system applied with different formulations of urea ». Soil Research 54, n^o 5 (2016) : 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15314.

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from sugarcane cropped soils are usually high compared with those from other arable lands. Nitrogen-efficient management strategies are needed to mitigate N2O emissions from sugarcane farming whilst maintaining productivity and profitability. A year-long field experiment was conducted in wet tropical Australia to assess the efficacy of polymer-coated urea (PCU) and nitrification inhibitor (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)-coated urea (NICU). Emissions of N2O were measured using manual and automatic gas sampling chambers in combination. The nitrogen (N) release from PCU continued for >5–6 months, and lower soil NO3– contents were recorded for≥3 months in the NICU treatments compared with the conventional urea treatments. The annual cumulative N2O emissions were high, amounting to 11.4–18.2kg N2O-Nha–1. In contrast to findings in most other cropping systems, there were no significant differences in annual N2O emissions between treatments with different urea formulations and application rates (0, 100 and 140kgNha–1). Daily variation in N2O emissions at this site was driven predominantly by rainfall. Urea formulations did not significantly affect sugarcane or sugar yield at the same N application rate. Decreasing fertiliser application rate from the recommended 140kgNha–1 to 100kgNha–1 led to a decrease in sugar yield by 1.3tha–1 and 2.2tha–1 for the conventional urea and PCU treatments, respectively, but no yield loss occurred for the NICU treatment. Crop N uptake also declined at the reduced N application rate with conventional urea, but not with the PCU and NICU. These results demonstrated that substituting NICU for conventional urea may substantially decrease fertiliser N application from the normal recommended rates whilst causing no yield loss or N deficiency to the crop. Further studies are required to investigate the optimal integrated fertiliser management strategies for sugarcane production, particularly choice of products and application time and rates, in relation to site and seasonal conditions.

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Babanjeet, Gayatri Sinha, Namrata Dwivedi, B. Pavan Kumar Naik, Dinkar, Satyendra Kumar, Nitin Kumar et Jaswant Prajapati. « Breeding Strategies and Biotechnological Approaches to Reduce Nitrate Levels in Vegetables : A Comprehensive Review ». Journal of Advances in Biology & ; Biotechnology 27, n^o 7 (27 juin 2024) : 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i71073.

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Nitrate is a natural chemical compound found in soil and water, which plants absorb and convert into essential nutrients. Elevated concentrations of nitrate in vegetables can pose health risks, particularly when consumed in substantial amounts. Green leafy vegetables, while crucial for human nutrition, unfortunately belong to the category of foods that have the highest impact on nitrate absorption in living organisms. Overuse of nitrogen fertiliser can lead to the accumulation of high levels of nitrate in these plants. Therefore, it is crucial to make efforts to reduce the nitrate levels in leafy vegetables and restrict their use by humans. Plant breeders employ several techniques, such as traditional breeding and genetic modification, to selectively produce plants with lower nitrate levels. The process frequently involves intentionally choosing and crossbreeding plants that naturally have lower levels of nitrates, so transmitting this trait to their offspring. This method is frequently conducted over multiple generations to ensure stable and uniform results. In addition, modern biotechnological techniques, such as genetic engineering or gene editing, can be employed to directly modify the genes responsible for nitrate metabolism in plants. Advanced techniques such as integrated multi-omics, RNAi, gene editing, and genomics-assisted breeding are applied to create crops with fewer undesirable traits and to develop new strategies for regulating these traits in crop improvement projects.

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Wu, Yupeng, Tian Liu, Qi'an Peng, Muhammad Shaaban et Ronggui Hu. « Effect of straw returning in winter fallow in Chinese rice fields on greenhouse gas emissions : evidence from an incubation study ». Soil Research 53, n^o 3 (2015) : 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14261.

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Many studies have been performed to compare different straw-returning methods that could provide environmental benefits. However, few studies have focused on the greenhouse gas emissions from straw returning under winter water-stored fields (flooded conditions) and winter fallow fields (non-flooded conditions), which are the common land use types after the rice harvest in southern China. Thus, in the present microcosm incubation experiment, CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were compared under flooded and non-flooded soil conditions, following straw incorporation. Straw application stimulated CO2 cumulative emission, and this effect was exacerbated by flooding (1818 and 4271 mg kg–1 under non-flooded and flooded conditions, respectively). Although the application of straw can mitigate N2O cumulative emissions under flooded conditions (10 152 μg kg–1 without and –51 μg kg–1 with straw incorporation, respectively), higher CO2 and CH4 production was detected (4271 and 149.20 mg kg–1 for CO2 and CH4 cumulative emissions, respectively). In contrast, straw application under non-flooded conditions had a relatively low global warming potential value (1836 mg CO2 Eq kg–1). Consequently, winter fallow field is recommended after the integrated application of straw and nitrogen fertiliser because of its low global warming potential. However, different strategies may be required for long-term reduction in global warming potential values.

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Sikora, Jakub, Marcin Niemiec, Monika Tabak, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Maciej Kuboń et Monika Komorowska. « Assessment of the Efficiency of Nitrogen Slow-Release Fertilizers in Integrated Production of Carrot Depending on Fertilization Strategy ». Sustainability 12, n^o 5 (5 mars 2020) : 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051982.

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Optimization of plant nutrition is a very important part of primary production quality systems. Crop fertilization is the most important agrotechnical measure because it determines the amount and quality of the yield. Moreover, excess fertilization intensifies the eutrophication processes and the greenhouse effect. The study aimed to assess the suitability of slow-release fertilizers in cultivation of carrot subspecies Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus in the integrated production system. The objective was realized on the basis of a strict field experiment set up on a clay loam soil with low nutrient content. The dose of fertilizer was the experimental factor. The fertilizers were applied during the formation of the ridges. Traditional fertilizers (ammonium phosphate, potassium salt, ammonium nitrate, and a multi-component fertilizer Polifoska 6), as well as a multi-component fertilizer with slow release of nutrients, NPK Mg (18-12-24-4), were used. In individual variants of the experiment, different fertilization strategies were applied: integrated production fertilization, traditional fertilization, and fertilization based on the use of slow-release fertilizers. The control treatment comprised of unfertilized plants. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization was evaluated based on agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity, physiological efficiency, and removal efficiency. Fertilization strategy significantly impacted the quantity of obtained yield. In the control sample, prior to mineral fertilization, the crop yield was 33.53 Mg·ha−1. The largest yield was 82.30 Mg·ha−1.The largest yields were obtained from plants fertilized with a combination of slow-release fertilizers, with nitrogen introduced in the form of ammonium phosphate, and through conventional fertilization. The highest productivity and environmental efficiency were obtained in treatments with fertilization according to the principles of integrated production and with slow-release fertilizers. In terms of environmental efficiency, the best results were obtained through nitrogen fertilization using 400 kg of slow-release fertilizers. The use of slow-release fertilizers in carrot cultivation can significantly improve the efficiency of fertilization, both in terms of production and environmental protection.

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Thi Da, Chau, Phan Anh Tu, John Livsey, Van Tai Tang, Håkan Berg et Stefano Manzoni. « Improving Productivity in Integrated Fish-Vegetable Farming Systems with Recycled Fish Pond Sediments ». Agronomy 10, n^o 7 (16 juillet 2020) : 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10071025.

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The increasing intensification of aquaculture systems requires the development of strategies to reduce their environmental impacts such as pollution caused by the discharge of nutrient rich sediments into local water bodies. Recycling of fish pond sediments (FPS) as fertilizer has been proposed as a possible solution that may also reduce the reliance on synthetic fertilizers. With a case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, we determined suitable mixtures of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) pond sediment (PPS) and locally sourced organic amendments of rice straw (RS), or common water hyacinth (WH) to fertilize cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) in an integrated cucumber–giant gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy) farming system. Highest nutrient concentrations were found when mixing 30% PPS with 70% RS or WH. When used in combination with chemical fertilizer, it was found that a 25% to 75% reduction in chemical fertilizer application could be achieved, while also increasing cucumber yields, with the highest yields found when RS was used in organic amendments. In combination with the additional income from fish production, integrated farming systems such as that demonstrated in this study, may increase both farm income and production diversity.

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Zydenbos, S. M., B. I. P. Barratt, N. L. Bell, C. M. Ferguson, P. J. Gerard, M. R. Mcneill, C. B. Phillips, R. J. Townsend et T. A. Jackson. « The impact of invertebrate pests on pasture persistence and their interrelationship with biotic and abiotic factors ». NZGA : Research and Practice Series 15 (1 janvier 2011) : 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3203.

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New Zealand pastures are host to a range of native and exotic invertebrates. Many of these are pests that feed on the sown plant species, often causing plant death and deterioration in the productivity and persistence of the sward. While most research has focused on pest biology and control, studies of plant productivity show dramatic acute (short-medium term) and chronic (longterm) effects. For example, grass grub has been reported to cause 50% losses to ryegrass swards and Argentine stem weevil can cause a 20% loss of productivity, but the long term effects through loss of the sown species and changes in composition can be even more severe. Insect damage can be exacerbated by other biotic (e.g. weed invasion, grazing animals, plant pathogens) or abiotic factors (e.g. climate, soil fertility) to further reduce plant persistence. Some biotic and abiotic factors may interact with insect pests to have positive effects on pasture persistence, e.g. biocontrol agents that reduce pest density or addition of fertiliser to enable plants to recover from insect damage. For many pasture pests, knowledge of their ecology is based on research from over 20 years ago that, while still valid, needs to be updated to account for modern intensive pasture management practices, such as intensive grazing with a lack of reseeding, and new cultivars. To improve pasture persistence, integrated research programmes are needed that examine the relative importance of all factors contributing to plant survival and develop strategies to mitigate their effects. Keywords: Argentine stem weevil, black beetle, clover root weevil, drought, grass grub, grazing pressure, manuka beetle, nematodes, pasture persistence, pasture quality, pasture yield, porina, soil fertility, striped chafer.

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Hou, Dingmu, Xuanchen Meng, Mengting Qin, Ennan Zheng, Peng Chen, Fanxiang Meng et Chao Zhang. « Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission characteristics of farmland (rice, wheat, and maize) based on different fertilization strategies ». PLOS ONE 19, n^o 7 (8 juillet 2024) : e0305385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305385.

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Fertilizer application is the basis for ensuring high yield, high quality and high efficiency of farmland. In order to meet the demand for food with the increasing of population, the application of nitrogen fertilizer will be further increased, which will lead to problems such as N2O emission and nitrogen loss from farmland, it will easily deteriorate the soil and water environment of farmland, and will not conducive to the sustainable development of modern agriculture. However, optimizing fertilizer management is an important way to solve this problem. While, due to the differences in the study conditions (geographical location, environmental conditions, experimental design, etc.), leading to the results obtained in the literatures about the N2O emission with different nitrogen fertilizer application strategies have significant differences, which requiring further comprehensive quantitative analysis. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application strategies (different fertilizer types and fertilizer application rates) on N2O emissions from the fields (rice, wheat and maize) based on the Meta-analysis using 67 published studies (including 1289 comparisons). For the three crops, inorganic fertilizer application significantly increased on-farm N2O emissions by 19.7–101.05% for all three; and organic fertilizer increased N2O emissions by 28.16% and 69.44% in wheat and maize fields, respectively, but the application of organic fertilizer in rice field significantly reduced N2O emissions by 58.1%. The results showed that overall, the application of inorganic fertilizers resulted in higher N2O emissions from farmland compared to the application of organic fertilizers. In addition, in this study, the average annual temperature, annual precipitation, soil type, pH, soil total nitrogen content, soil organic carbon content, and soil bulk weight were used as the main influencing factors of N2O emission under nitrogen fertilizer strategies, and the results of the study can provide a reference for the development of integrated management measures to control greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils.

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Esmailpour, A., M. Hassanzadehdelouei et A. Madani. « Impact of Livestock Manure, Nitrogen and Biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on Yield and Yield Components Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) ». Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 46, n^o 2 (1 juin 2013) : 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0079-5.

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Abstract Integrated nutrient management strategies involving chemical and biologic fertilizer is a real challenge to stop using the high rates of agrochemicals and to enhance sustainability of crop production. In order to study the effects of livestock manure, chemical nitrogen, and biologic (Azotobacter) fertilizers on yield and yield components of wheat, an agricultural experiment in the form of split factorial design with three replications was conducted in Elam region, Iran. The aim of this research was assessment of the effects of these fertilizers separately and in integrated forms; and setting out the best fertilizer mixture. The results showed that treatment with livestock manure, Azotobacter and chemical nitrogen increased plant height, biological and grain yield. Using livestock manure and Azotobacter increased biologic yield through increase in plant height which cause to increase in grain yield without any significant changes in harvest index and other yield components, but the use of chemical nitrogen caused an increase in plant height, No. of spikelete/spike, No. of grain/spike, one thousand grain weight and harvest index, biologic and grain yield. In the light of the results achieved, we may conclude that using livestock manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer together with the Azotobacter had the maximum impact on yield; and that we can decrease use of chemical fertilizers through using livestock manure and biologic fertilizers and to reach to the same yield when we use only chemical fertilizers.

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Chipomho, Justin, Simbarashe Tatsvarei, Cosmas Parwada, Arnold Bray Mashingaidze, Joyful T. Rugare, Stanford Mabasa et Regis Chikowo. « Weed Types and Dynamics Associations with Catena Landscape Positions : Smallholder Farmers’ Knowledge and Perception in Zimbabwe ». International Journal of Agronomy 2022 (11 octobre 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2743090.

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Weed infestation is considered as one of the major biotic stresses of dryland crop production. Weed species occurrence, abundance, and densities differ due to spatial soil fertility variability, and management practices by farmers. Weed surveys are therefore vital for tracking such changes and in turn developing appropriate weed management strategies for farmers. A weed survey was carried out in Wedza, eastern Zimbabwe to assess farmer knowledge and perceptions of major weeds in maize fields across catena landscape positions. A multistage sampling procedure was used, involving random sampling of six villages within a 20 km radius, divided according to the catena position and economic status of the farmer. Two hundred and forty-nine (249) households were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data were coded and processed using the CSPro software package, and then analysed using the SPSS program. Factors that predicted the spatial distribution of weeds were determined using a binary logistic model. From the survey, 52.8% and 42.3% of farms are on the upper catena and lower catena, respectively, and only 4.8% are on the middle catena. Thirty-one weed species belonging to 15 families were listed by respondents and identified by enumerators in the study area and were categorised into three main groups (broadleaf, grasses, and sedges). Acanthospermum hispidum and Striga asiatica were considered as problem weeds in maize fields on the upper and lower catena, respectively. Xanthium strumarium was perceived as a new invasive weed in low-lying arable fields. The binary logistic model predicted farm location on the landscape and fertiliser use as the main factors affecting weed types, distribution, and abundance. Moreover, farms on lower catena had more Striga infestations compared to upper catena. The results suggested an integrated weed management approach to control A. hispidum, Striga species, and the invasive fast-spreading X. strumarium in the area.

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Devi, B. Rama. « Direct Seeded Rice as Resource Efficient Technology ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n^o 8 (9 juin 2023) : 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82056.

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In Asia, seedlings are typically transplanted into puddled soil to cultivate rice (Oryza sativa L.). Due of the manpower, water, and energy requirements of this manufacturing system, it is becoming less lucrative as these resources become more scarce. Additionally, it impairs the soil's physical qualities, negatively impacts the performance of succeeding upland crops, and increases methane emissions. Different issues, such as a declining water table, a manpower shortage during peak seasons, and worsening soil quality, need the use of alternate establishment techniques to maintain both natural resource and rice yield. Due to its low input requirement, ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and ability to adjust to climatic hazards, the direct seeded rice (DSR) technique has gained a lot of attention and popularity in recent years. Dry seed must be sown into a ready seedbed, while pre-germinated seed must be sown into standing water and puddles of soil. Many farmers have switched from transplanted to DSR culture as a result of the introduction of early maturing cultivars, the application of effective fertiliser management techniques, and increased adoption of integrated weed management strategies. In certain industrialised nations, such the USA, Australia, Japan, China, and Korea, DSR technology is heavily mechanised. By switching from conventional rice to DSR, crop water requirements, soil organic matter turnover, improved nutrient management, carbon sequestration, weed management, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop intensification will all be significantly reduced. The transition from PTR to DSR is hampered by a number of factors, including a high weed infestation, the development of weedy rice, an increase in soil-borne diseases (nematodes), nutritional disorders, poor crop establishment, lodging, the prevalence of blast, brown leaf spot, etc. By addressing these limitations, DSR may show to be a very viable, economically and technically viable substitute for PTR.

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Samad, Md Abdus, Ripon Kumar Sikder, Md Towhidul Karim, Mahbub Iqbal, Munshi Mohammad Sumon, Abdullah All Imtiaz, Sautam Kumar Shil et Md Touhidujjaman. « Integrated Nutrient Management Strategies : Unraveling the Impact of Bio-Fertilizers and Traditional Fertilizers on Soybean (Glycine max) Productivity ». European Journal of Nutrition & ; Food Safety 16, n^o 1 (22 janvier 2024) : 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2024/v16i11378.

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The study investigated the impact of different treatments on soybean growth and productivity, focusing on plant height and various growth parameters. Notably, Treatment T6, incorporating cow dung, Rhizobium, and Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), consistently outperformed other treatments. At 40 days after sowing (DAS), T6 exhibited the highest plant height, a trend sustained at 60 DAS and harvest. This superiority was attributed to the synergistic effect of the bio-fertilizer components. The control (T1) consistently had the shortest plants. In terms of productivity, T6 consistently excelled across parameters such as number of branches (4.12), nodules per plant (29.33), number of pods (33.33), pod length (4.82), seeds per pod (4.29), and seed yield (1.87 t/ha). Additionally, T6 demonstrated the highest protein (39.41%) and oil content (18.60%). While the recommended fertilizer dose (T2) showed improvement over the control, T6 surpassed T2, emphasizing the synergistic benefits of combining organic and microbial inputs. These findings highlight the potential of bio-fertilizers, particularly the combined approach, in enhancing soybean productivity. The study provides valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices and optimizing fertilizer strategies for improved crop yields.

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Zafar, Saima, et Abdul Wahid. « Use of organic fertilizer improves growth and yield of Triticum aestivum irrigated with textile wastewater ». Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing 1, n^o 1 (14 juin 2019) : 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jacm.001.01.3455.

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Water scarcity is one of those issues. Reuse of wastewater from textile industries is a very common strategy to cope with water scarcity. Continuous use of effluent water for agricultural purposes results in negative impacts on physicochemical properties of soil and plant. Organic fertilizers are considered beneficial for soil and crop quality. To exploit the strategies to use this effluent water safely for crop production a pot experiment was conducted with different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers viz. T1= Control (tap water + Recommended dose of NPK (130, 95 and 65 kg ha-1), T2=Wastewater + Recommended dose of NPK, T3=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (200 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer, T4=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (400 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer, T5 =Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (600 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer and T6=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (800 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer. It was observed that integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizer (800 kg ha-1 organic and remaining of recommended dose from inorganic fertilizer + effluent water) enhanced the growth and yield of wheat crop. In a study found that the use of organic fertilizer could help mitigate the negative impact of textile effluent water on wheat growth.

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Tamiru, Gezahign. « Role of Bio-Fertilizers in Improving Soil Fertility and Crop Production ». Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 5, n^o 06 (28 décembre 2023) : 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i06.003.

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Bio-fertilizer are an important component of integrated nutrients management. Microorganisms that are used as bio-fertilizer components include; nitrogen fixers (N-fixer), potassium and phosphorus solubilizers, growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), endo and ecto mycorrhizal fungi, cyanobacteria and other useful microscopic organisms. The use of bio-fertilizers leads to improved nutrients, water uptake, plant growth and plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors. This biological fertilizers would play a key role in productivity and sustainability of soil and also in protecting the environment as eco-friendly and cost effective inputs for the small holder farmers. Adding of the nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances are a good way to sustain our agricultural systems. Soil management strategies today are mainly dependent on inorganic chemical-based fertilizers, which cause a serious threat to human health and the environment. Bio-fertilizer has been identified as an alternative for increasing soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. The exploitation of beneficial microbes as bio-fertilizers has become of paramount importance in agricultural sector due to their potential role in food safety and sustainable crop production.

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Selim, Mostafa Mohamed. « Introduction to the Integrated Nutrient Management Strategies and Their Contribution to Yield and Soil Properties ». International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (13 mai 2020) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2821678.

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Alleviation of poverty and achievement of zero-hunger target and food security are significant challenges faced by agricultural planners worldwide. Improving many agronomic approaches, which have drastic effects on crop growth and yield, is urgently needed to report this aim. Replacement of a part of chemical fertilizers by organic manure through a simple technique of using minimum effective dose of sufficient and balanced quantities of organic and inorganic fertilizers in combination with specific microorganisms, called INM, has a bright solution in this area. Recently, several investigators reported that integrated use of chemical fertilizers with organic manure is becoming a quite promising practice not only for maintaining higher productivity but also for greater stability to crop production. In addition, INM acts as a source of energy, organic carbon, and available nitrogen for the growth of soil microbes and improvement of physical properties of soil, and also have great residual effect on subsequent crops. So, the key component of the INM goal is to reach the eco-friendly practice through the harmonious properties of both sources by making a combination that can be used for decreasing the enormous use of chemical fertilizers and accreting a balance between fertilizer inputs and crop nutrient requirement, maintaining the soil fertility, optimizing the level of yield, maximizing the profitability, and subsequently reducing the environmental pollution. Lastly, INM is a tool that can offer good options and economic choices to supply plants with a sufficient amount of nutrients in need and can also reduce total costs, create favorable soil physiochemical conditions and healthy environment, eliminate the constraints, safeguard the soil nutrient balance, and find safety methods to get rid of agriculture wastes.

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Ryzhkova, S. M., et V. M. Kruchinina. « State regulations the market of fertilizers in Russia ». Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, n^o 1 (3 juin 2021) : 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-410-420.

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The international fertilizer market developing dynamically. Domestic producers of fertilizers are not only the largest exporters of these products to world markets, but also almost completely meet the demand in the domestic market. Following the provisions of sustainable development, the state regulation of the fertilizer market should determine and guarantee the safety of the production, transportation, storage and use of fertilizers for both humans and the environment. The purpose of the study is to study and systematize a set of regulatory documents regulating the market of fertilizers, taking into account the domestic and foreign trade interests of Russia, comparing domestic and foreign legislation on the studied problem. For this purpose, classical methods and economic methods of research were chosen: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction. The law of direct action regulating the turnover of fertilizers has not been adopted in Russia, although such laws are applied in a number of countries, and they are aimed at regulating the chain of passage of fertilizers from the producer to the consumer. The structure of Russian fertilizer legislation is not linear. At the same time, the Russian system of state regulation of fertilizer turnover includes numerous and diverse regulatory and legal acts, including international ones. The analysis of the existing regulatory documents on the regulation of the fertilizer market revealed the need to harmonize legislation in terms of an integrated approach and taking into account intersectoral features: the agricultural sector unites both large and small, and medium-sized participants, while the production of fertilizers is monopolized. The development of the domestic fertilizer market is constrained by the multi-vector standards laid down in the development strategies of the agricultural sector and the chemical industry. The state policy of fertilizer circulation is characterized by inconsistency and incoherent sectoral legislation, the lack of necessary coordination of the regulation of the fertilizer market with the needs of domestic agriculture. It is necessary to introduce the concepts of new types of fertilizers in the national standards in the near future, as well as to launch public-private partnership mechanisms to saturate the domestic market with new innovative fertilizers.

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Mahapatra, Chandan Kumar, Tamalika Bhadra et Swapan Kumar Paul. « NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN SUGAR BEET : A REVIEW ». Pakistan Sugar Journal 35, n^o 2 (17 août 2020) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35380/sugar.035.02.0160.

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Sugar is an important source of energy for the human body although it receives blame for many health problems, without it, the body would cease to function properly. Nearby thirty percent of the world sugar comes from sugar beet. Production of sugar beet globally spans diverse regions with a wide range of climatic and agro-ecological regions which shows exclusive management challenges. Fertilizer or nutrient management is one of the practices that associate with fertilizer use efficiency and production of the crops including sugar beet. As the nutrient management interacts with different agro-ecological areas and soils, the fertilizer recommendations and management have become regional and site-specific. Maximizing beet and sugar yields, the knowledge of the management of the fertilizers or nutrition is very essential. This article is to understand the impact of different fertilizers in different management practices including the major nutrients of the crop, fertilizer rate, timing, and method of application either solely or in a mixture or integrated manner with reviewing diverse research experiments. Moreover, it will help to approach future strategies and needs for making the production of sugar beet as a cost-effective crop with new improving management technologies for the farmers.

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Hafez, E. M., et S. A. Badawy. « Effect of Bio Fertilizers and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Productivity and Quality of Bread Wheat Cultivars ». Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 51, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2018) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2018-0031.

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Abstract Integrated nutrient management strategies involving chemical and biological fertilizer is a real challenge to stop using the high rates of agrochemicals and to enhance sustainability of crop production. In order to study the effects of biofertilizers (Cerialin and Nitrobein) and chemical nitrogen levels (0, 85,170 and 250 kg N ha−1) on yield and yield attributes of two wheat cultivars (Sakha 94 and Gemmeiza 10), an agricultural experiment in the form of strip-split factorial design with three replications was conducted in Kafr El-Sheikh region, Egypt, in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons. The objective of this study was evaluation of the effects of these fertilizers separately and in integrated forms, and setting out the best fertilizer mixture. The results showed that treatment with biofertilizers and chemical nitrogen increased the growth, yield attributes, biological and grain yield. Both grain and biological yield produced a better result during the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers than using either method alone. Using biofertilizers increased biological yield through increase in number of grains spike−1, number of spikes m−2 and 1000 grain weight, which cause to increase in grain yield with significant changes in harvest index, as well as protein content. We may conclude that using biofertilizers (Cerialin or Nitrobein) and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (170 or 250 kg N ha−1) together had the maximum impact on yield. Then, we can decrease use of chemical fertilizers through using biofertilizers.

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EL Sabagh, Ayman, Celaleddin Barutçular, Hirofumi Saneoka et Abd Elhamid Omar. « Role of integrated use of nitrogen fertilizer sources in improving seed quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) ». Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, n^o 2 (16 février 2016) : 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i2.73-78.514.

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It is necessary for developing strategies of integrated fertilization for crops to maximize production of crops and reducing the risk of pollution from chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the objectives of this study to evaluate the impact of bio-organic, chemical nitrogen on seed quality of canola. A study was conducted for two consecutive years (2005 to 2006) at the Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Egypt. Bio fertilizer (control and bio-fertilizer), compost (control, 6, 12 and 18 ton ha-1) and chemical nitrogen (control, 36, 72 and 108 kg N ha-1). The result indicated that, bio-fertilizer was significantly effects on protein % and iodine value except oil percent was decreased. On the other hand, the Maximum values oil and protein were recorded by using compost fertilizer at (18 ton ha-1). In respect to chemical fertilizer, adding nitrogen affected significantly on protein % and the maximum value was obtained at (108 N ha-1) while, oil percent and iodine value were decreased. Interestingly, it is clear that from results that cultivar belongs to canola (LEAR that contains < 2% erucic acid) and a nitrogen source has almost slight effect on oil physical properties. Totally, the interaction among treatments application compost (6ton ha-1) and (72 N kg ha-1) with combined bio- fertilizer was achieved suitable oil percent and could be improve canola seed yield and quality and environment would have a better condition.

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Sharma, Shivam, et Parul Kotiyal. « Effect of combined exposure of chemical fertilizer, bacterial inoculums, and compost on the growth of forest tree species in saline soil ». Indian Journal of Forestry 46, n^o 4 (15 mai 2024) : 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2024-99r7gq.

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Salinity is the leading abiotic stress, especially in India, where saline soil affects 6.727 million hectares. The study investigated the effects of different combinations of chemical fertilizers, bacterial inoculums, and compost on the growth of Prosopis cineraria and Toona ciliata in pot experiments using saline forest soil. Treatments included varying mixes of seeds, compost, bacterial inoculums, and chemical fertilizers. Soil analysis confirmed salinity with pH and electrical conductivity (EC) levels indicating saline conditions. Results showed that treatments incorporating compost and bacterial inoculums significantly enhanced plant growth, increasing shoot, and root lengths, as well as fresh and dry weights. The application of compost increased the root length of Toona ciliata. The dual application of Pseudomonas spp. and compost enhanced the biomass of the root, whereas the application of chemical fertilizer and compost improved the height of the plan. The study indicates that the combined application of compost, bacterial inoculum, and chemical fertilizer is superior in enhancing the growth and development of the vegetative growth of plants. Overall, the study underscores the potential of integrated nutrient management strategies involving compost, bacterial inoculums, and reduced chemical fertilizers to enhance productivity in saline and salt-affected soils.

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Ma, Xiao, Fen Zhang, Fabo Liu, Guangzheng Guo, Taihong Cheng, Junjie Wang, Yuanpeng Shen, Tao Liang, Xinping Chen et Xiaozhong Wang. « An Integrated Nitrogen Management Strategy Promotes Open-Field Pepper Yield, Crop Nitrogen Uptake, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Southwest China ». Agriculture 12, n^o 4 (7 avril 2022) : 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040524.

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Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is a serious issue in intensive vegetable production and can negatively affect vegetable productivity and N use efficiency (NUE). The optimization of the N fertilizer rate and application of enhanced efficiency N fertilizers (EENFs), including nitrification inhibitors (Nis) and controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), are widely recognized as feasible N management strategies to resolve the problem of unreasonable N fertilizer input. Therefore, we conducted a 2-year field experiment (2019–2020) in an open-field vegetable system (pepper, Capsicum annuum L.) in southwest China to investigate the effects of an optimized N application rate and EENFs on vegetable yield, NUE, and crop N uptake. The following N management treatments were established: control without N fertilizer input (CK); optimized N fertilizer rate as urea (OPT); farmers’ fertilizer practice (FP); application of a nitrification inhibitor (NI) within the optimized N fertilizer rate; and application of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) within the optimized N fertilizer rate. The results showed that the OPT treatment based on root zone N management achieved a 37.5% reduction in the N application rate without compromising vegetable yield and increased the recovery efficiency of N (REN) by 31.5% compared to the FP treatment. Furthermore, the combined application of the NI or CRF treatments with the OPT treatment resulted in greater vegetable yields, fruit N uptake, and REN (9.54%, 26.8%, and 27.6%, respectively, for NI; 10.5%, 28.7%, and 28.8%, respectively, for CRF) than the OPT treatment alone. The absorption ratio of fruit N uptake to total crop N uptake was also increased. Our results clearly showed that the combined application of EENFs with the OPT treatment could achieve the win–win benefits of a yield increase and improved REN in Chinese vegetable production.

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Cooter, E. J., J. O. Bash, V. Benson et L. Ran. « Linking agricultural crop management and air quality models for regional to national-scale nitrogen assessments ». Biogeosciences Discussions 9, n^o 5 (29 mai 2012) : 6095–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-6095-2012.

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Abstract. While nitrogen (N) is an essential element for life, human population growth and demands for energy, transportation and food can lead to excess nitrogen in the environment. A modeling framework is described and implemented, to promote a more integrated, process-based and system-level approach to the estimation of ammonia (NH3) emissions resulting from the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers to agricultural soils in the United States. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate plant demand-driven fertilizer applications to commercial cropland throughout the continental US. This information is coupled with a process-based air quality model to produce continental-scale NH3 emission estimates. Regional cropland NH3 emissions are driven by the timing and amount of fertilizer applied, local meteorology, and ambient air concentrations. An evaluation of EPIC-simulated crop management activities associated with fertilizer application at planting compared with similar USDA state-level event estimates shows temporally progressive spatial patterns that agree well with one another. EPIC annual inorganic fertilizer application amounts also agree well with reported spatial patterns produced by others, but domain-wide the EPIC values are biased about 6 % low. Preliminary application of the integrated fertilizer application and air quality modeling system produces a modified geospatial pattern of seasonal NH3 emissions that improves current simulations of observed atmospheric nitrate concentrations. This modeling framework provides a more dynamic, flexible, and spatially and temporally resolved estimate of NH3 emissions than previous factor-based NH3 inventories, and will facilitate evaluation of alternative nitrogen and air quality policy and adaptation strategies associated with future climate and land use changes.

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Cooter, E. J., J. O. Bash, V. Benson et L. Ran. « Linking agricultural crop management and air quality models for regional to national-scale nitrogen assessments ». Biogeosciences 9, n^o 10 (19 octobre 2012) : 4023–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4023-2012.

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Abstract. While nitrogen (N) is an essential element for life, human population growth and demands for energy, transportation and food can lead to excess nitrogen in the environment. A modeling framework is described and implemented to promote a more integrated, process-based and system-level approach to the estimation of ammonia (NH3) emissions which result from the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers to agricultural soils in the United States. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is used to simulate plant demand-driven fertilizer applications to commercial cropland throughout the continental US. This information is coupled with a process-based air quality model to produce continental-scale NH3 emission estimates. Regional cropland NH3 emissions are driven by the timing and amount of inorganic NH3 fertilizer applied, soil processes, local meteorology, and ambient air concentrations. Initial fertilizer application often occurs when crops are planted. A state-level evaluation of EPIC-simulated, cumulative planted area compares well with similar USDA reported estimates. EPIC-annual, inorganic fertilizer application amounts also agree well with reported spatial patterns produced by others, but domain-wide the EPIC values are biased about 6% low. Preliminary application of the integrated fertilizer application and air quality modeling system produces a modified geospatial pattern of seasonal NH3 emissions that improves current simulations of observed atmospheric particle nitrate concentrations. This modeling framework provides a more dynamic, flexible, and spatially and temporally resolved estimate of NH3 emissions than previous factor-based NH3 inventories, and will facilitate evaluation of alternative nitrogen and air quality policy and adaptation strategies associated with future climate and land use changes.

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Singh, U., K. E. Giller, C. A. Palm, J. K. Ladha et H. Breman. « Synchronizing N Release from Organic Residues : Opportunities for Integrated Management of N ». Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001) : 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.361.

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In intensive cropping systems, mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers represent the largest component of the N cycle because the indigenous N supply is not adequate. The requirement for mineral fertilizer may be reduced with the use of organic nutrient sources. A more realistic use of organic matter, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa due to limited amounts and availability, is the combined use of organic nutrient sources and mineral fertilizers. The beneficial effects of integrated use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures on improved nutrient recoveries, soil moisture retention, cation exchange capacity, and erosion control have been reported. However, there are as many reports indicating negligible benefits or even disadvantages of combining nutrient sources on crop production. This is not surprising given the combination of organic residue sources, soils, climatic, crops, and management factors that influence nutrient dynamics. The most widely accepted function of organic materials is improving the nutrient availability to crops by supplying N. The key to both improving efficiency of N use and reducing N losses is synchronization of N supply from soil, biological N2 fixation, organic residues, and inorganic fertilizers with the crop N demand. Organic materials are not magic; N losses also result from their use. Controlling N release from organic sources depends on their nutrient content and quality, soil properties, and the environmental and management factors. This paper will synthesize the information generated from integrated nutrient management trials in sub-Saharan Africa and the Philippines. Management strategies based on an organic resources database and a dynamic soil-crop simulation model are used to identify organic sources as N fertilizers or soil amendments. The decision support tools are also used to attain optimum synchrony between release from organic sources and soils with crop N demand.

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Sinha, S. K., Ajeet Kumar, Amrita Kumari et A. K. Singh. « The Integrated Effect of Organic Manure, Biofertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Properties, Yield and Quality in Sugarcane Plant-ratoon System under Calcareous Soil of Indo-gangetic Plains of India ». Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, n^o 5 (16 mars 2024) : 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i51934.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, to devise nutrient management strategies aimed at sustaining soil health, quality and sugarcane production within the sugarcane plant-ratoon system. The experiment evaluated the efficacy of various fertilizers on the solubility of applied inorganic fertilizer during the spring season in calcareous soil. Results from the combined data analysis showed significant variations in the number of millable cane (NMC), cane yield, and sugar yield due to the integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers along with bio-fertilizers in both the plant and ratoon crops. Treatments combining organic and inorganic fertilizers with bio-fertilizers demonstrated a noteworthy increase in NMC, cane yield, and sugar yield compared to the control group. The treatment that received 75% NPK of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) along with Acetobacter, PSB, and Bio-compost at a rate of 7.5 t ha-1 exhibited the highest NMC (103.0 × 103 ha-1), cane yield (85.8 t ha-1), and sugar yield (11.21 t ha-1). Furthermore, the residual effect of the treatment combining organic and inorganic fertilizers with bio-fertilizers showed a pronounced impact on NMC (92.4 × 103 ha-1), yield (79.6 t ha-1), and sugar yield (9.36 t ha-1) in the ratoon crop under treatment T9. Bio-compost notably enhanced the overall performance of sugarcane. Nutrient uptake by both plant and ratoon followed a similar trend as cane yield. Application of RDF alongside various bio-fertilizers significantly enhanced sugarcane productivity compared to the control group. Notably, the efficacy of bio-fertilizers was more pronounced when used in conjunction with inorganic treatments. Treatment with organic inputs through bio-compost resulted in reduced pH and increased electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, and available nutrients (N,P, and K) in post-harvest soil. Enzymatic activities including glycosidase, urease, acid phosphatase, and dehydrogenase were also recorded.

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Sridevi, G., P. Santhoshkumar et S. Thiyageshwari. « Long Term Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Organic Carbon Status and Yield of Sunflower in Alfisols ». Environment and Ecology 42, n^o 1 (janvier 2024) : 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/ukhx4362.

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Permanent manurial experiment was started from the year 1909 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, in order to assess the impact of continuous addition of organic and mineral fertilizers on crop yield and soil quality. Conducting a long-term experiment at fixed site with continuous cropping will help to monitor the changes in soil quality and crop yields sustainability and also guide in developing strategies for fertilizer management while minimizing the environmental degradation. From the results revealed that the application of 100% NPK + Farmyard manure (FYM) @ 12.5 t ha-1 (INM) increased the seed yield (1879 kg ha-1) and straw yield of sunflower crop (3916 kg ha-1) when compared to control. Highest carbon build up was observed in the application of 100% NPK + Farmyard manure (FYM) @ 12.5 t ha-1 (INM) 9.8 g kg-1when compared to control (5.4 g kg-1).The present hypothesis showed that, the application of chemical fertilizer along with FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 had positively impact on yield sustainability and soil health.

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Schaub, Simon. « Public contestation over agricultural pollution : a discourse network analysis on narrative strategies in the policy process ». Policy Sciences 54, n^o 4 (19 octobre 2021) : 783–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11077-021-09439-x.

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AbstractThe overuse of fertilizers in agriculture and their entry into freshwater has many negative impacts on biodiversity and poses problems for drinking water resources in Germany. In response to exceeding levels of nitrate concentrations in groundwater in parts of the country, an intense public dispute evolved and a significant policy change in fertilizer regulation occurred in 2020. Based on the German case of agricultural water pollution, this study demonstrates in an innovative way how discourse network analysis is a fruitful method for the integrated study of actor coalitions and their use of narrative strategies in public debate. Theoretically, the study draws on the narrative policy framework (NPF) to explain how actor coalitions use narrative strategies to attempt to influence policymaking on water pollution by agricultural activities. The empirical analysis builds on newspaper articles and press releases disseminated between 2010 and 2020. The results demonstrate how two opposing actor coalitions with congruent policy beliefs formed in the struggle over fertilizer regulation. These not only diverged in their policy beliefs but also differed in their use of narrative strategies to try to expand or contain the policy issue. More precisely, the coalitions adapted their narratives over time in response to changes in the likelihood to win or lose. Furthermore, the results suggest the coalition in favor of stricter fertilizer regulation was more sophisticated in its effort to mobilize specific target groups. Overall, the article provides a valuable contribution to the literature on the NPF by combining research on coalition formation and policy narratives.

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Duffy, Colm, Remi Prudhomme, Brian Duffy, James Gibbons, Cathal O'Donoghue, Mary Ryan et David Styles. « GOBLIN version 1.0 : a land balance model to identify national agriculture and land use pathways to climate neutrality via backcasting ». Geoscientific Model Development 15, n^o 5 (16 mars 2022) : 2239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2239-2022.

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Abstract. The Paris Agreement commits 197 countries to achieve climate stabilisation at a global average surface temperature less than 2 ∘C above pre-industrial times using nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to demonstrate progress. Numerous industrialised economies have targets to achieve territorial climate neutrality by 2050, primarily in the form of “net zero” greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, particular uncertainty remains over the role of countries' agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sectors for reasons including the potential trade-offs between GHG mitigation and food security, a non-zero emission target for methane as a short-lived GHG, and the requirement for AFOLU to act as a net sink to offset residual emissions from other sectors. These issues are represented at a coarse level in integrated assessment models (IAMs) that indicate the role of AFOLU in global pathways towards climate stabilisation. However, there is an urgent need to determine appropriate AFOLU management strategies at a national level within NDCs. Here, we present a new model designed to evaluate detailed AFOLU scenarios at national scale using the example of Ireland, where approximately 40 % of national GHG emissions originate from AFOLU. GOBLIN (General Overview for a Backcasting approach of Livestock INtensification) is designed to run randomised scenarios of agricultural activities and land use combinations within biophysical constraints (e.g. available land area, livestock productivities, fertiliser-driven grass yields, and forest growth rates). Using AFOLU emission factors from national GHG inventory reporting, GOBLIN calculates annual GHG emissions out to the selected target year for each scenario (2050 in this case). The long-term dynamics of forestry are represented up to 2120 so that scenarios can also be evaluated against the Paris Agreement commitment to achieve a balance between emissions and removals over the second half of the 21st century. Filtering randomised scenarios according to compliance with specific biophysical definitions (GHG time series) of climate neutrality will provide scientific boundaries for appropriate long-term actions within NDCs. We outline the rationale and methodology behind the development of GOBLIN, with an emphasis on biophysical linkages across food production, GHG emissions, and carbon sinks at a national level. We then demonstrate how GOBLIN can be applied to evaluate different scenarios in relation to a few possible simple definitions of “climate neutrality”, discussing opportunities and limitations.

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Tolson, Josh A., J. D. Green, William W. Witt, Greg J. Schwab et Joseph A. Omielan. « Integrated Management Strategies Reduced Tall Ironweed (Vernonia altissima) Populations and Weed Biomass and Improved Tall Fescue Pasture Productivity ». Weed Science 60, n^o 1 (mars 2012) : 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00067.1.

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Field studies were used to examine the management strategies of mowing, herbicide, fertility, and all possible combinations on tall ironweed populations, weed biomass, and pasture yield at three Kentucky locations. Mowing was performed in July 2008 and 2009, herbicide was applied in August 2008, and fertilizer was applied in September 2008 and 2009 at all locations. Weed populations were measured in 2008, 2009, and 2010, and forage grass, clover, and weed biomass was collected in May or early June of 2009 and 2010. All treatments with herbicide reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% or greater in 2009 at all locations. Mowing alone, fertilizer alone, and mowing plus fertilizer did not reduce tall ironweed populations, except at one location where mowing alone reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% in 2009. Tall ironweed stems were not reduced in 2010 with any treatment at two locations, but herbicide combined with mowing or fertilizer reduced tall ironweed stems by 78% at the other location. Tall goldenrod population was reduced up to 100% by all treatments with herbicide or mowing alone, and mowing with fertilizer reduced tall goldenrod from 59 to 89%. Treatments did not reduce horsenettle populations. Herbicide-containing treatments reduced weed biomass at all locations. Weed biomass did not differ when comparing all treatments with and without mowing or treatments with or without fertilizer. Forage grass biomass was greatest with herbicide plus fertilizer and with the combination of mowing plus herbicide plus fertilizer at all locations in both years.

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González, María Alejandra, Cindy Natalia Arenas, José Adrián Ríos, Juliana Miranda, Ana Patricia Bello, Jaime Botero et Mariluz Betancur. « Life-Cycle Assessment in Hydrangea Cultivation in Colombia and Their Cleaner Production Strategies ». Sustainability 16, n^o 2 (20 janvier 2024) : 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020887.

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In the subregion of La Paz Province in eastern Antioquia, Colombia, hydrangea floriculture has boosted economic and social development, generating high value in the territory; however, there are still environmental gaps to be resolved to make it a sustainable activity. This study analyzed some environmental aspects of cultivation based on life-cycle assessment under ISO 14040/14044 standards. The functional unit defined was 1 kg of hydrangea stems grown on a small farm of 0.45 ha, and the limits selected were gate-to-gate. The environmental impacts were evaluated using the CML methodology, Umberto LCA + 10.0.03 software, and the Ecoinvent 3.8 database. The most significant contributors to these impacts were ozone depletion, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and photochemical oxidant formation, which come from the application and pretreatment of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, plant residue generation, and fossil resource materials, such as polymers and fuels. In addition, two cleaner production initiatives were considered: composting plant residues for fertilizer (the use of 100% and 50% composting) and integrated pest management with biological control and natural agents to reduce pesticide use (30% and 50% of chemical pesticides). And the integration of both actions, with 50% composting and 30% substitution of chemical pesticides, was considered. The environmental impacts were reduced by 19.63% and 9.97%, respectively, for composting, 6.62% and 11.03%, respectively, for biological control, and 16.59% for the integration of actions. The two alternatives allowed for improving the crop, contributing to the minimization of environmental impacts, optimizing the use of inputs and fertilizers, and contributing to the sustainable development of floriculture.

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Dowling, P. M., D. L. Michalk, D. R. Kemp, G. D. Millar, S. M. Priest, W. McG King, I. J. Packer, P. J. Holst et J. A. Tarleton. « Sustainable grazing systems for the Central Tablelands of New South Wales. 2. Effect of pasture type and grazing management on pasture productivity and composition ». Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, n^o 4 (2006) : 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04040.

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This paper reports results from a large-scale field experiment conducted on a naturalised pasture at Carcoar, New South Wales, during the period 1997–2002. Here we describe the effect of pasture type and management on pasture productivity and composition, and discuss implications for long-term productivity. Four different pasture types (unfertilised naturalised, UN; fertilised naturalised, FN; fertilised introduced species, SP; and fertilised chicory, CH) were each subjected to 2 management strategies (continuously grazed, CG; and tactically grazed, TG). Stocking rate was set at a conservative level initially and then adjusted periodically based on ewe performance and minimum values of herbage mass (HM) in winter. TG involved a summer deferment when required and a lower stocking rate than on the CG treatment. CH was managed under a 4-paddock rotation. SP and CH also had 2.5 t/ha lime surface applied before introduced species being sod-sown. Available herbage mass tended to peak during spring and summer and was lowest in late autumn–early winter. Under CG, application of superphosphate to the naturalised pasture increased herbage mass by up to 60%, but most of the response came from annual grasses (mainly vulpia and soft brome), and subterranean clover during spring. Fertiliser initially increased the herbage mass of perennial grasses relative to the unfertilised continuously grazed control, but this component decreased over time. TG increased the perennial grass content. Annual grass herbage mass was greater where fertilised and continuously grazed, but over time declined where unfertilised and/or tactically managed. Legumes were a minor component of these pastures, but were higher where fertilised and lower where tactically grazed. Net pasture growth rate (NGR) varied with seasonal conditions, and was higher where fertiliser was applied. The data suggest that replanting perennial grasses is an effective process for increasing perenniality in this environment providing that it is economic. Further, the implementation of TG over summer has proved to be a useful approach for maintaining or increasing perennial content in existing pastures. However, there is a need to integrate TG with the timing of superphosphate application to maximise the effect on the perennial component and minimise dominance by annual species.

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Papadopoulos, A. P., J. L. Shipp, W. R. Jarvis, T. J. Jewett et N. D. Clarke. « The Harrow Expert System for Greenhouse Vegetables ». HortScience 30, n^o 4 (juillet 1995) : 846F—847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.846f.

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Greenhouse crop production technology is advancing rapidly, and the management of greenhouse crops has become increasingly difficult. Computerized environment and fertigation control of greenhouse crops grown in soilless media offer opportunities for unparalleled manipulation of crop growing conditions. However, the optimization of crop growing conditions for maximum productivity must be practiced with an eye on environmental regulations; worker health concerns; consumer demands for safe food; and ultimately on energy, water, fertilizer, and pesticide use economy. Managing the complex greenhouse cropping system requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates pest and disease protection strategies with routine cultural practices and environmental and fertigation regimes into a common decision-making process or Integrated Crop Management strategy. This poster describes an Expert System for greenhouse cucumber management based on a general model of Integrated Crop Management for greenhouse crops.

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Papadopoulos, A. P., J. L. Shipp, W. R. Jarvis, T. J. Jewett et N. D. Clarke. « The Harrow Expert System for Greenhouse Vegetables ». HortScience 30, n^o 4 (juillet 1995) : 846F—847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.846.

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Greenhouse crop production technology is advancing rapidly, and the management of greenhouse crops has become increasingly difficult. Computerized environment and fertigation control of greenhouse crops grown in soilless media offer opportunities for unparalleled manipulation of crop growing conditions. However, the optimization of crop growing conditions for maximum productivity must be practiced with an eye on environmental regulations; worker health concerns; consumer demands for safe food; and ultimately on energy, water, fertilizer, and pesticide use economy. Managing the complex greenhouse cropping system requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates pest and disease protection strategies with routine cultural practices and environmental and fertigation regimes into a common decision-making process or Integrated Crop Management strategy. This poster describes an Expert System for greenhouse cucumber management based on a general model of Integrated Crop Management for greenhouse crops.

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Abid, Muhammad, Tahira Batool, Ghulam Siddique, Shafaqat Ali, Rana Binyamin, Munazzam Jawad Shahid, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli et Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. « Integrated Nutrient Management Enhances Soil Quality and Crop Productivity in Maize-Based Cropping System ». Sustainability 12, n^o 23 (7 décembre 2020) : 10214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310214.

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Soil quality deterioration, especially in intensive cropping systems, has become a serious problem for crop productivity; consequently, strategies for sustainable crop production and soil health are urgently required. Experiments on fields were organized to investigate the impact of organic manures on crop productivity, soil physiochemical properties and soil water availability in a maize-based cropping system. The experiment consisted of five treatments, including organic manures (OM) and inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers applied separately and in combinations: NPK = 250-150-125 Kg/ha (recommended rate), farmyard manure (FYM) = 16 t/ha, poultry manure (PM) = 13 t/ha, NPK + FYM = 150-85-50 Kg/ha + 8.5 t/ha and NPK + PM = 150-85-50 Kg/ha + 7.0 t/ha. The results showed that the combination of OM with mineral fertilizers increased crop productivity, fertilizer use efficiency and yield sustainability indices over the treatments amended with sole application of mineral fertilizers and OM. The analysis of undisturbed soil samples during different crop growth stages revealed that the addition of OM decreased the bulk density and increased the pore volume of soil at the beds of 0–20 and 20–40 cm. The application of OM to the soil not only increased saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil but also improved total available and readily available water contents to the plants, especially when FYM was included at 16 t ha−1. Soil-water retention properties recorded over the entire seven-day monitoring period following irrigation in the OM-amended treatments were consistently higher than the sole mineral NPK application treatments. When testing the soil nutrient status during different crop growth stages, it was noted that by adding OM into the soil not only the status of the organic carbon of soil, extractable N and K and available P contents is increased, but the duration of their availability to the plants are also enhanced. The results of the study show that organic manures addition is of major significance for maintaining soil quality and crop production sustainably, and should be advocated in the nutrient management strategies of intensive water- and nutrient-demanding cropping systems.

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Pandey, Chitra, et Hema Diwan. « Integrated approach for managing fertilizer intensification linked environmental issues ». Management of Environmental Quality : An International Journal 29, n^o 2 (12 mars 2018) : 324–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-09-2017-0093.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the critical factors associated with growing fertilizer usage culminating in contamination of soil/water in agriculturally intensive regions of Uttar Pradesh, India. The agriculture sector is seen as one of the major contributors in ensuring food security, however adoption of sustainable agriculture to protect water resources from contamination due to fertilizers and pesticides is becoming pressing to achieve long term environmental security. Design/methodology/approach A two staged study aimed at monitoring the soil quality status followed by stakeholder survey has been attempted. Attitude-behavior framework based on the theory of reasoned action has been tried to explain the fertilizer use behavior in the study. The results are analyzed through Analysis of variance. Findings Soil monitoring data showed nitrate and total nitrogen loadings beyond the permissible limit in the identified regions. A questionnaire aimed at determining farmer’s attitude toward fertilizer usage showed a significant influence of factors like net farm income, overall farm yield, extension services, farmer characteristics on one hand and risks associated with changing farming practices, costs of substitutes available, market-based instruments like subsidies and loans on the other. Divergent responses were observed with respect to farmer’s perceived risks from adopting to organic substitutes, linkages of fertilizer application with environmental degradation and the level of adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Research limitations/implications The study can be scaled up to study the inter-regional differences by benchmarking regional responses. It would be interesting to extend the work to find solutions from the farmers as alternative fertility management strategies. The items used in questionnaire are self-made; hence there is still a possibility of enhancing the robustness of scale by applying advanced statistical techniques. Practical implications Results of the study indicate excessive nitrogen loadings in farm soils which is an indicator of potential future nitrate contaminated zones or vulnerable zones emerging in agricultural intensive regions. Findings reinforce the role of education, knowledge transfer and awareness for long-term agricultural sustainability. The paper highlights the urgency for reorientation of the support system by the government and policymakers. Originality/value The paper attempts to understand the linkage between the agricultural productivity and the environmental implications followed by the reasons culminating in the agri-environmental imbalance. On-site monitoring study followed by assessment of reasons culminating in this scenario has not been attempted earlier and this paper contributes to understanding at dual level. This paper emphasizes on the insights of stakeholder which is instrumental in ensuring agricultural sustainability or otherwise. It takes the position that the farmer’s farm management behavior is strongly influenced by factors like food security and income, keeping environmental quality at second place. It also identifies the barriers for organic farming and other alternative systems as well as explores the economic, social, and philosophical aspects of sustainable agriculture.

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Kobir, Md Shahriar, Md Harun-Or-Rashid et Sharif Ahmed. « Development of Integrated Fertilizer Management Strategies in Lentil for Higher Productivity in the South-Western Region of Bangladesh ». Agricultural Science 2, n^o 1 (12 juin 2020) : p275. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p275.

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Due to the lack of optimum fertilizer management in low organic matter content soil is one of the limiting factors to the lower yield and productivity of lentil in Bangladesh.To increase the yield and maintain the sustainability of lentil production in the highly intensive cropping areas of Bangladesh the development of integrated fertilizer management is urgent. An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore, Bangladesh during the rabi season of 2018-2019 to develop an integrated fertilizer management strategies for lentil in low organic matter content soil. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design where different fertilizer management techniques were allocated in the main-plots and different varieties were allocated in the sub-plots. There were five fertilizer management (FM) techniques such as FM1- Vermicompost 1t ha-1+ (inorganic P:K:S @ 23:6:10 kg ha-1) + 2% DAP foliar spray, FM2- Vermicompost 1t ha-1+(inorganic P:K:S @ 24:6:10 kg ha-1)+ 1% DAP foliar spray, FM3- (inorganic N:P:K:S @ 20:40:20:10 kg ha-1) and no DAP foliar spray, FM4- Vermicompost 1t ha-1+ (inorganic P: K: S @ 25:6:10 kg ha-1) and no DAP foliar spray, FM5- control and there were three varieties such as V1-BARI Masur-6, V2-BARI Masur-7 and V3-BARI Masur-8. The highest plant height (cm), plant density at harvest, leaf chlorophyll index, grain yield and the lowest days to 50% flowering and Stemphyliumblight disease score was observed from the treatment combination FM1V3 (vermicompost 1t ha-1+ (inorganic P:K:S @ 23:6:10 kg ha-1) + 2% DAP foliar spray with lentil variety BARI Masur-8). The next best treatment combinations were FM1V2 (vermicompost 1t ha-1 + (inorganic P:K:S @ 23:6:10 kg ha-1) + 2% DAP foliar spray with lentil variety BARI Masur-7) and FM1V1 (vermicompost 1t ha-1 + (inorganic P:K:S @ 23:6:10 kg ha-1) + 2% DAP foliar spray with lentil variety BARI Masur-6), respectively. Integrated fertilizer management technique such as vermicompost 1t ha-1+ inorganic P:K:S @ 23:6:10 kg ha-1 + 2% DAP foliar spray with variety BARI Masur-8 may be recommended to farmers for sustainable lentil production.

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Hassan, Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Aamer, Athar Mahmood, Masood Iqbal Awan, Lorenzo Barbanti, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Ghous Bakhsh et al. « Management Strategies to Mitigate N2O Emissions in Agriculture ». Life 12, n^o 3 (17 mars 2022) : 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12030439.

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The concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere has been increasing since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the mightiest GHGs, and agriculture is one of the main sources of N2O emissions. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms triggering N2O emissions and the role of agricultural practices in their mitigation. The amount of N2O produced from the soil through the combined processes of nitrification and denitrification is profoundly influenced by temperature, moisture, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contents. These factors can be manipulated to a significant extent through field management practices, influencing N2O emission. The relationships between N2O occurrence and factors regulating it are an important premise for devising mitigation strategies. Here, we evaluated various options in the literature and found that N2O emissions can be effectively reduced by intervening on time and through the method of N supply (30–40%, with peaks up to 80%), tillage and irrigation practices (both in non-univocal way), use of amendments, such as biochar and lime (up to 80%), use of slow-release fertilizers and/or nitrification inhibitors (up to 50%), plant treatment with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (up to 75%), appropriate crop rotations and schemes (up to 50%), and integrated nutrient management (in a non-univocal way). In conclusion, acting on N supply (fertilizer type, dose, time, method, etc.) is the most straightforward way to achieve significant N2O reductions without compromising crop yields. However, tuning the rest of crop management (tillage, irrigation, rotation, etc.) to principles of good agricultural practices is also advisable, as it can fetch significant N2O abatement vs. the risk of unexpected rise, which can be incurred by unwary management.

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Dolmans, N. G. M. « Integrated nursery stock production. » Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 40, n^o 3 (1 septembre 1992) : 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v40i3.16512.

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Integrated nursery stock production involves developing efficient and reliable systems for the production of quality stock while using reduced amounts of pesticides and fertilizers. Its aims are described and strategies for its introduction and development are set out. Three prototype integrated production systems are described, one for field-grown seedlings for forests, hedges and rose rootstock, another for field-grown ornamental shrubs and conifers, and a 3rd for container-grown ornamental shrubs and conifers in a specially-designed greenhouse. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Omokanye, Akim, Yamily Zavala, Dianne Westerlund, Liisa Jeffrey et Buthaina Al-Maqtari. « Strategies to Reduce Inorganic Fertilizer Inputs in Crop Production through Integrated Crop-livestock Systems ». Sustainable Agriculture Research 11, n^o 1 (26 janvier 2022) : 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v11n1p45.

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Adequate nutrition is essential for crop growth, production, and profit potential for farmers, but chemical fertilizer costs alone can constitute a greater portion of the total variable costs for wheat and canola. The present study evaluated seven cropping treatments (CT) in a 3-year crop rotation under two different soil types. Five of the CTs consisted of a one-time application (year 1) of beef cattle manure, and growing of cover crop cocktails (CCC) for annual pasture, swath grazing, green manure, and green feed. Canola and wheat were respectively grown in years 2 and 3 of the 3-year crop rotation. In year 2, CTs impacted canola seed yield and seed protein (only at site 2). Wheat had similar protein content in year 3 at both sites. At both sites, the application of beef cattle manure in year 1 seemed to encourage higher plant tissue P at the expense of plant tissue Zn. Overall, beef cattle manure and CCCs based CTs improved soil N, P, and K, but beef cattle manure application consistently improved crop yield and significantly reduced the need for additional in-organic fertilizer application to canola and wheat in subsequent years.

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Wulandari, S., Y. Ferry et A. M. Hasibuan. « Strategies to optimize the use of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantation ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 974, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 012106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012106.

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Abstract The demand for organic coffee is increasing in line with increasing competition and consumer preferences for healthier products. On the other hand, the application of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantations is still low. The research aims to map the constraints of organic fertilizers usage and develop strategies to accelerate organic fertilizers application in smallholder coffee plantations. Data analysis was performed using the scoring method. The results showed that farmers applied more inorganic fertilizers. Constraints of organic fertilizers application are related to technical, economic, and institutional aspects. Strategies to optimize the use of organic fertilizers in smallholder coffee plantations include providing capital and financial support with subsidized interest rates and strengthening farmer institutions as the priority. Other strategies include introducing an integrated coffee livestock system and providing local government incentives for promoting and organic certification assistance. Institutions involved in implementing the strategy include local governments, research institutes, financial institutions, coffee processing industries, exporters, extension officers, certification bodies, farmers’ groups, cooperatives, and associations. The strategies are essential to overcome the existing problems and constraints in organic coffee farming development and increase farmers’ interest in applying organic fertilizers.

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K.C., Niraj, Diwas Bhugai, Keshar Bahadur Khatri et Prashant Rijal. « Effect of Integrated Nitrogen Management on Growth and Yield of Okra at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal ». Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 9, n^o 4 (18 août 2023) : 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2023/v9i4192.

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Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a crucial approach to improving the sustainable yield of crops in an environmentally friendly manner. In this study, a field experiment was conducted at Lamjung Campus, Sundarbazar, Lamjung, from March 2022 to June 2022 to evaluate the effect of integrated nitrogen management on the growth and yield parameters of okra and to find out the suitable nitrogen management system in okra. A randomized full-block design was utilized in the investigation, with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of a control (T1) and six other combinations of nitrogen sources, with each treatment receiving 50% of its nitrogen from chemical fertilizers and 50% from organic sources. The amount of organic manure was calculated based on the nitrogen content of the manures. Farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure, vermicompost, mustard cake, and goat manure were tested as organic sources. The effect of treatment combinations was evaluated in terms of plant height, stem diameter, leaf numbers, days to first flower opening, days to first fruit maturity, number of pods per plant, length, and diameter of pods, and yield ha-1. The findings revealed that integrated nitrogen management strategies had a substantial impact on okra growth and output. Among all the treatments, 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure (T4), which gave the highest number of pods per plant (19.87), yield per ha (13.59 t/ha), and shortest days taken to first flowering (46.54 days) and plant height (54.80 cm), followed by T2, while the control treatment (T1) yielded the lowest. These findings suggest that the application of 50% recommended N through chemical fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure is an effective strategy for obtaining a high yield of okra in the study area.

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Bernardi, A. C. C., G. M. Bettiol, G. G. Mazzuco, S. N. Esteves, P. P. A. Oliveira et J. R. M. Pezzopane. « Spatial variability of soil fertility in an integrated crop livestock forest system ». Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, n^o 2 (1 juin 2017) : 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017001145.

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Knowledge on spatial variability of soil properties is useful for the rational use of inputs, as in the site specific application of lime and fertilizer. Crop-livestock-forest integrated systems (CLFIS) provide a strategy of sustainable agricultural production which integrates annual crops, trees and livestock activities on a same area and in the same season. Since the lime and fertilizer are key factors for the intensification of agricultural systems in acid-soil in the tropics, precision agriculture (PA) is the tool to improve the efficiency of use of these issues. The objective of this research was to map and evaluate the spatial variability of soil properties, liming and fertilizer need of a CLFIS. The field study was carried out in a 30 ha area at Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste in São Carlos, SP, Brazil. Soil samples were collected at 0–0.2 m depth, and each sample represented a paddock. The spatial variability of soil properties and site-specific liming and fertilizer needs were modeled using semi-variograms, the soil fertility information were modeled. Spatial variability soil properties and site specific liming and fertilizer need were modeled by kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW) techniques. Another approach used was based on lime and fertilizer recommendation considering the paddocks as the minimum management unit. The results showed that geostatistics and GIS were useful tools for revealing soil spatial variability and supporting management strategies. Soil nutrients were used to classify the soil spatial distribution map and design site-specific lime and fertilizer application zones. Spatial analyses of crop needs and requirement can provide management tools for avoiding potential environmental problems, caused by unbalanced nutrient supplies.

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Cole, D. E., J. R. King, D. A. Oyarzun, T. H. Dietzler et A. S. McClay. « Experiences with invasive plant management and ecology in Alberta ». Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, n^o 5 (1 décembre 2007) : 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07119.

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A number of invasive plant management strategies, including competition, fertilizer, herbicide, combination of fertilizer and herbicide, biological control, mowing, grazing management, prevention, eradication and education have been investigated and employed in Alberta. The integrated weed management (IWM) strategies are overlapping, interconnected and based on ecological principles. Research on several invasive plant species, including ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.), scentless chamomile [Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Laínz] and white cockle [Silene pratensis (Raf.) Godr. & Gren.] has provided ecological information showing the importance of maintaining healthy, competitive plant communities. Key words: Invasive plants, management, ox-eye daisy, competition, Alberta

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Juniartiningsih, Baiq Maya, Khairil Anwar et Sari Novida. « Organic Fertilizer Marketing Strategy ». Kompartemen : Kumpulan Orientasi Pasar Konsumen 1, n^o 2 (20 octobre 2023) : 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56457/kompartemen.v1i2.425.

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The issue of waste management is a significant concern in the NTB Province, Indonesia. Mataram City produces 314 tons of waste per day, with the majority (273 tons) being sent to landfills. Similarly, West Lombok Regency generates 175.4 tons of waste daily, with only 01.76 tons allocated for landfill disposal. Notably, Kebon Kongok landfill serves as a disposal site for both areas. In addressing this waste issue, the Lingsar Regional Integrated Waste Processing Site (TPST) has emerged as a vital player, employing Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Bioconversion Technology to process organic waste. This aligns with the government's flagship program of achieving zero waste in West Nusa Tenggara by efficiently managing, reducing, and utilizing waste, ultimately contributing to economic development. One key aspect of the study pertains to the organic fertilizer market strategy at the UPTD Regional Waste Landfill of NTB Province. It aims to understand the Price Effect (X1), the Promotion Effect (X2), and their combined influence on demand (Y) for organic fertilizer. The research employs a quantitative descriptive method conducted at the UPTD TPA Regional Waste province BSF Lingsar Unit, involving 30 farmer respondents. Data is analyzed using Regression Analysis and Multiple Correlation (Multiple Regression Analysis) through the SPSS Program. Results indicate that respondents exhibit a high perception of demand for organic fertilizer. The Multiple Linear Regression model showcases the effects of Price and Promotion strategies on Demand. The F Test (Anova) confirms that both strategies significantly impact demand. Further analysis reveals that the Price strategy (X1) has no significant individual effect on demand, while the Promotion strategy (X2) partially influences demand. The Coefficient of Determination Test (R2) indicates that Price and Promotion strategies jointly contribute 40.5% to the demand for organic fertilizer, leaving the remaining 59.5% influenced by other independent variables. This research underscores the importance of strategic pricing and promotion in driving demand for organic fertilizer in Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency, and the broader implications for waste management and economic development in the NTB Province.

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Fracchiolla, Mariano, Massimiliano Renna, Miriana Durante, Giovanni Mita, Francesco Serio et Eugenio Cazzato. « Cover Crops and Manure Combined with Commercial Fertilizers Differently Affect Yield and Quality of Processing Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Organically Grown in Puglia ». Agriculture 11, n^o 8 (9 août 2021) : 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080757.

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Nitrogen is crucial for the productivity of agricultural systems, although there is a growing demand for alternative cultural practices that reduce the off-farm inputs of this fertilizer. Cover crops provide a suite of services; among these, they can affect soil nitrogen content. In addition, the use of manure can contribute to a decrease in nitrogen loads from external inputs. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in processing tomato grown under an organic system, the combined use of cover crops (i.e., Vicia faba var. minor, Triticum aestivum, and Raphanus sativus) or cattle manure, with reduced rates of commercial nitrogen fertilizers. The yield and some important qualitative characteristics of the tomato fruits were considered. V. faba was able to enhance the effects of the external input of nitrogen with respect to the yield. External inputs increased tocopherol content with respect to the control but only when it was integrated with manure. The content of carotenoids was not affected by commercial fertilizer alone; however, when it was supplied in addition to cattle manure or incorporation of R. sativus, a decrease in β-carotene was observed. Moreover, lycopene also decreased when T. aestivum or R. sativus were used as cover crops. We conclude that the sowing of nitrogen-fixing cover crops or the use of manure are good strategies for combining internal and external inputs for the sustainable production of processing tomato.

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Jama, Bashir, et Peter Van Straaten. « Potential of East African phosphate rock deposits in integrated nutrient management strategies ». Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 78, n^o 4 (décembre 2006) : 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652006000400012.

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Phosphorus deficiency affects around 80% of the acid soils of western Kenya, but fertilizer use is limited due to high prices. This paper explores the potential of local phosphate rocks (PR) as a remedy within the context on an integrated soil fertility management approach. A promising phosphate rock is Minjingu PR (MPR, Tanzania), a sedimentary/biogenic deposit which contains about 13% total P and 3% neutral ammonium citrate (NAC) soluble P. On-farm trials in P-deficient soils in western Kenya demonstrate MPR to be as effective as triple superphosphate (TSP, 20% P) at equal P rates. The benefits are most pronounced with the integration of agroforestry technologies that improve soil fertility. Besides Minjingu PR, Busumbu PR from Uganda (BPR) is potentially another source of P. It is typical of the abundant but unreactive igneous PRs in eastern, central and southern Africa. Agronomic performance of BPR is poorer, though its lower cost and location near to P-deficient areas in western Kenya make it attractive in some situations. The policy implications of these findings are discussed further in the paper.

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