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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Insurance, Unemployment – European Union countries »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Insurance, Unemployment – European Union countries"

Espuelas, Sergio. « FALLOS DE MERCADO Y SEGURO DE PARO EN ESPAÑA ANTES DE 1936 ». Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 31, n^o 3 (29 novembre 2013) : 387–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610913000189.

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ABSTRACTBefore 1936, private insurance against unemployment was mostly run by trade unions. Commercial companies, meanwhile, did not penetrate into this insurance branch, which is probably due to the advantages that trade unions had when dealing with adverse selection and moral hazard problems. Nevertheless, union-based unemployment insurance reached a lower level of development than other private social insurance schemes, like sickness insurance, perhaps because of the financial difficulties that economic crisis involved for unemployment funds. Also, unemployment insurance spread specially among urban and high-wage workers, although coverage rates in Spain were below those of other European countries with higher income levels. However, even in the latter private coverage against unemployment did not reach 10% of the working population. As in other European countries, Spanish unemployment union-funds implemented strict economic incentives to deal with moral hazard, but precisely this hindered the spreading of private unemployment insurance.

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Hoogenboom, Marcel. « Transnational Unemployment Insurance : The Inclusion and Exclusion of Foreign Workers in Labour Unions’ Unemployment Insurance Funds in the Netherlands (c.1900–1940) ». International Review of Social History 58, n^o 2 (7 juin 2013) : 247–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859013000199.

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AbstractIn the early twentieth century, like many of their European counterparts, labour unions in the Netherlands established mutual unemployment insurance funds for their members. Various funds made agreements with labour unions in a number of European countries to recognize each other's insurance schemes, enabling union members to work in the Netherlands without losing their entitlement to benefits accumulated in their home countries, and vice versa. Whereas up until the 1930s some of the alliances between Dutch and foreign funds had flourished, in the 1930s the number of non-Dutch workers in the Netherlands making use of such agreements decreased drastically. This article analyses those transnational alliances and explores various causes for their demise, concluding that in the 1930s formal regulation of foreign labour by the Dutch government substantially reduced the number of potential foreign members of insurance funds while government interference in unemployment insurance abroad, and especially in Germany, made the transnational agreements effectively void.

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Vanthemsche, Guy. « Unemployment Insurance in Interwar Belgium ». International Review of Social History 35, n^o 3 (décembre 1990) : 349–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900001004x.

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SUMMARYIn 1900, a special type of unemployment insurance was set up in Belgium: the so-called “Ghent system”, which had some influence on the development of unemployment insurance in many European countries. This particular system was characterized by the important role played by the trade-union unemployment societies. The public authorities (in Belgium, from 1920 onwards, the central government next to the towns and provinces) encouraged the affiliation of the labourers to these societies by granting different sorts of financial support to the unemployed society members and to the societies themselves. During the crisis of the 1930s, this led to an important growth of Belgian trade-union membership. On the other hand, the quantitative growth of the labour movement due to this particular organization of unemployment insurance, led to many negative sideeffects for the trade unions (administrative chaos, financial problems, loss of combativity). Moreover, the employers' organizations strongly opposed this system of unemployment insurance, because they thought it reinforced the labour movement's power in society (strengthening of union membership, influence on wage formation, obstruction of deflation policy). This article examines the heated debates waged in the labour movement itself and between this actor, the employers' organizations and the government, to solve the many important problems posed by this type of social insurance. The Belgian pre-Second World War debate concerning unemployment insurance was of great importance for the shaping of the Welfare State in Belgium, which took its present-day form in 1944.

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Nergaard, Kristine, et Torgeir Aarvaag Stokke. « The puzzles of union density in Norway ». Transfer : European Review of Labour and Research 13, n^o 4 (novembre 2007) : 653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890701300409.

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The level of union density in Norway is medium high, in contrast to the other Nordic countries where high density levels are supported by unemployment insurance funds. Developments in union density over time are stable in Norway, contrary to developments in most western European countries outside the Nordic region. This article traces the effects of unemployment insurance funds by comparing density levels in Norway with those in Finland and Sweden. In addition, the stability witnessed in union density in Norway over time is a particularly puzzling phenomenon, and the authors seek to explain it on the basis of specific institutional and labour market factors.

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Yuvalı, Ertuğrul, et Nihan Gizem Kantarcı. « Unemployment Insurance for Labour Migrants according to the European Court of Justice ». Göç Dergisi 9, n^o 3 (30 novembre 2022) : 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v9i3.857.

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In the study, the decisions of the European Court of Justice regarding the unemployment insurance of migrant workers were examined. In decisions; It has been stated that migrating to benefit from unemployment insurance cannot be interpreted against the worker. It has been stated that immigrating from the country of citizenship to another country and residing there will not prevent him from receiving unemployment benefits. A migrant worker must be insured for a certain period of time to benefit from unemployment insurance. Each country regulates this period of employment with its own domestic laws. The length of service in different member states of the European Union, excluding the domestic law rules in the countries of employment, by the Court of Justice, It has been determined that it has been interpreted that it can be combined to benefit from unemployment insurance.

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Popa, Adriana Florina, Stefania Amalia Jimon, Delia David et Daniela Nicoleta Sahlian. « Influence of Fiscal Policies and Labor Market Characteristics on Sustainable Social Insurance Budgets—Empirical Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries ». Sustainability 13, n^o 11 (31 mai 2021) : 6197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116197.

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Social protection systems are a key factor for ensuring the long-term sustainability and stability of economies in the European Union, their reform being nowadays present in the political agenda of member states. Aging and the dependence on mandatory levies applied to the employed population on the labor market represent a threat for the sustainability of public social protection systems. In terms of sustainability, our purpose was to highlight the factors influencing social insurance budgets, considering the fiscal policies implemented in six countries of Central and Eastern Europe and their particular labor market characteristics. Therefore, a panel study based on a regression model using the Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS) with cross section random effects was used to determine the correlations between funding sources and labor market specific indicators. The data analyzed led to relevant results that emphasize the dependence of social insurance budgets on positive factors such as the average level of salaries, the share of compulsory social contributions, the unemployment rate, and the human development index, suggesting the continuing need for professional and personal development of the workforce.

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PETRUSHKA, Olena. « Foreign experience of financial support of citizens in case of unemployment ». Economics. Finances. Law, n^o 10 (26 octobre 2020) : 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.10.4.

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Introduction. Unemployment, as one of the world's economic problems today, significantly affects the material, social and professional level of the working population. Payment of unemployment benefits is one of the measures of social support of citizens by the state. Such social benefits are twofold, as on the one hand they replace lost earnings, and on the other one they will be perceived by the state regulation of labor resources. The purpose of the paper is to study and borrow positive experience of social insurance in case of unemployment in different countries of the world in accordance with their affiliation to labor market models and employment promotion. Results. The American Unemployment Insurance System is formed solely by employers' contributions (except in 3 states where employees also pay contributions) and provides benefits for 26 weeks. Each state has its own social security program, according to which contributions are formed and unemployment benefits are paid. If we talk about the European model of employment, its characteristic feature is that it is focused on reducing employment by increasing productivity and increasing the income level of working citizens. The Swedish model of social insurance in the event of unemployment is characterized by an active employment policy, in particular, preference is given to vocational training and professional development. In addition, the emphasis is on providing employment by creating jobs in the public sector with average and satisfactory working and pay conditions. The Japanese model of employment incentives has a number of characteristic features: the country has a widespread system of lifelong employment; the amount of remuneration for work is set depending on the length of service of the employee, his age and marital status; trade unions (unions) are not created on a sectoral basis, but directly at the level of economic entities. Conclusion. Building a multi-level social insurance system enables insured persons to receive high-level social benefits, insurers to create favorable working conditions and select highly qualified workers, and insurers to regulate the labor market and reduce unemployment.

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Volkov, A., A. Gutnick, Y. Kvashnin, V. Olenchenko et A. Shchedrin. « Experience of Overcoming of Crisis Phenomena in Some EU Countries ». World Economy and International Relations, n^o 3 (2015) : 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-3-35-47.

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The article analyses the most recent experience of anti-recessionary policies in several EU member nations, such as UK, Nordic countries (especially Sweden), Ireland, Baltic countries and Greece. As for Great Britain, its government implemented traditional package of anti-crisis measures aimed at support of national financial system and stimulation of economic growth. By 2010 the nation reached relative economic stability and then proceeded into a slow recovery. Still, the crisis highlighted serious risks of ongoing financialization and de-industrialization in the UK. So, the government began to develop a long-term program of modernization and structural reshaping of national economy. Nordic countries also actively used Keynesian-type anti-crisis measures. The most interesting is Swedish case. The nation passed the global financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 smoother than other EU members due to deep institutional reforms undertaken after the acute crisis of 1991-1993. Then Sweden experienced a deep fall of GDP combined with a crisis of local banks, surge of interest rates and unemployment level, weakening of national currency. This pushed Riksbank to introduce strict measures for limiting the inflation rate, Riksdag – caps for state budget expenditure. State sector of national economy was substantially decreased. These measures proved to have long-term positive implications. In contrast, Ireland that enjoyed an impressive economic growth before 2008 was badly prepared to external shocks. The Irish government’s reactions to financial and economic turmoil were rather spontaneous. The main task was to stabilize the local financial system that suffered from excessive dependency on foreign markets. Only by 2014 Ireland showed signs of economic recovery. Similarly, Baltic countries found themselves to be ill prepared for functioning under economic crisis conditions. Neither national governments nor EU Commission succeeded to propose efficient anti-crisis actions. As a result, population of Baltic nations most heavily suffered from the crisis. In Greece crisis made inevitable substantial revision of national social and economic model, as well as the political parties’ system. Under strong pressures from the EU Greece at last started to implement long-needed reforms in such spheres as budget planning, labor legislation, social insurance, healthcare and education. Acknowledgments. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation. Project № 14-07-00047a “European Union as a Testing Site of New Anti-Crisis Technologies under Conditions of Globalization”.

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Solaz, Anne, Marika Jalovaara, Michaela Kreyenfeld, Silvia Meggiolaro, Dimitri Mortelmans et Inge Pasteels. « Unemployment and separation : Evidence from five European countries ». Journal of Family Research 32, n^o 1 (1 avril 2020) : 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-368.

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Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced high union dissolution risk as well as high unemployment rates. The extent to which adverse economic conditions are associated with union instability is still unknown. This study explores the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk in five European countries before the recent economic crisis. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, the empirical analysis, based on discrete-time event history models, shows that male unemployment consistently increases the risk of union dissolution. While a strong association is observed between male unemployment and separation at the micro level, no association is found between male unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level. The results for female unemployment are mixed, and the size of the impact of female unemployment is smaller in magnitude than that of male unemployment. In Germany and Italy, where until very recently work is less compatible with family life than in other countries, female unemployment is not significantly associated with union dissolution.

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Economou, Athina, et Iacovos N. Psarianos. « Revisiting Okun’s Law in European Union countries ». Journal of Economic Studies 43, n^o 2 (9 mai 2016) : 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-05-2013-0063.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine Okun’s Law in European countries by distinguishing between the transitory and the permanent effects of output changes upon unemployment and by examining the effect of labor market protection policies upon Okun’s coefficients. Design/methodology/approach – Quarterly data for 13 European Union countries, from the second quarter of 1993 until the first quarter of 2014, are used. Panel data techniques and Mundlak decomposition models are estimated. Findings – Okun’s Law is robust to alternative specifications. The effect of output changes to unemployment rates is weaker for countries with increased labor market protection expenditures and it is more persistent for countries with low labor market protection. Originality/value – The paper provides evidence that the permanent effect of output changes upon unemployment rates is quantitatively larger than the transitory impact. In addition, it provides evidence that increased labor market protection mitigates the adverse effects of a decrease in output growth rate upon unemployment.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Insurance, Unemployment – European Union countries"

Leschke, Janine. « Unemployment insurance and non-standard employment four European countries in comparison ». Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2006. http://d-nb.info/987831569/04.

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Akdere, Özlem. « Analyse du surcroît de la population agricole en Pologne et en Turquie : une étude comparative ». Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0102.

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La Pologne et la Turquie témoignent depuis plusieurs années d’une transition économique semblable à travers une forte croissance du PIB, une augmentation des exportations et surtout une hausse des flux internationaux de capitaux. Malgré la transformation économique, le secteur agricole demeure encore une activité importante dans leur économie respective. Comparée aux autres pays européens, le décalage important entre la contribution de l’agriculture au PIB et le nombre des personnes employées révèle une très faible productivité de la main-d’œuvre. L’agriculture représente une source principale d’emploi notamment dans la zone rurale. En dépit de la diminution constante de l’emploi agricole de ces dernières années, il existe une surpopulation dans le secteur et un problème du chômage déguisé. La Pologne, membre de l’Union européenne (UE) depuis mai 2004, a bénéficié fortement des fonds structurels afin d’améliorer et de moderniser son agriculture. Quant à la Turquie, pays candidat à l’UE depuis octobre 2005, elle tente d’adapter son agriculture à la politique agricole commune (PAC). Notre recherche est essentiellement basée sur une étude comparative des pays présentant de nombreuses similitudes mais aussi de réelles divergences quant au niveau de leur structure agraire. À travers des réformes mises en vigueur pendant et après la période d’adhésion en Pologne, on cherche à répondre à la question si les réformes appliquées en Pologne sont ou non transposables au cas de la Turquie
Poland and Turkey have been demonstrating for several years now a similar economic transition through a strong growth of GDP, a boost in exports and especially an increase in the flow of international capitals. Despite the economic transformation, the agricultural sector remains an important activity in their respective economies. Compared to other European countries, the large gap between the contribution of agriculture to GDP and the number of employees shows a very low productivity of labor. Agriculture is a main source of employment especially in the rural areas. Despite the steady decline in agricultural employment in recent years, the field is overpopulated and the hidden unemployment problem is conceals. Poland, a member of the European Union (EU) since May 2004, has greatly benefited from the Structural Funds to improve and modernize its agriculture. As for Turkey, an EU candidate since October 2005, it tries to adapt its agriculture to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Our research is mainly based on a comparative study of countries with many similarities but also real differences in the level of their agrarian structure. With the help of reforms that came into effect during and after the period of accession of Poland to the EU, we will try to find whether the reforms implemented in Poland are transferable or not to the case of Turkey

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NEMETH, Kristin. « European insurance law : a single insurance market ? » Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5667.

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EVERSON, Michelle. « Laws in conflict : a rationally integrated European insurance market ? » Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4618.

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ASHIAGBOR, Diamond. « Soft harmonisation : labour law, economic theory and the European employment strategy ». Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4546.

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Defence date: 28 June 2002
Examining board: Prof. Simon Deakin, University of Cambridge ; Prof. Christian Joerges, European University Institute ; Prof. Karl Klare, Northeastern University, Boston (co-supervisor) ; Prof. Silvana Sciarra, European University Institute (supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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Shiou-Ling, Shih, et 師秀玲. « An Comparative Study on the Unemployment Insurance system of European Union and its Implications for Taiwan ». Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22093315343657176553.

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ORLANDO, Emanuela. « Liability for environmental harm : towards the mutual supportiveness of international law and European Union law ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14526.

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Defence date: 25 June 2010
Examining Board: Prof. Francesco Francioni, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Prof. Bruno De Witte, European University Institute; Prof. Ludwig Kramer, University of Bremen ; Prof. Massimiliano Montini, University of Siena
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The present study examines how the question of reparation for environmental damage that occurred during the operation of economic and industrial activities has been dealt with in international law and within the European Union legal system. In particular, the thesis endeavours to provide a comparative analysis of the Directive 35/2004/EC on Environmental Liability with regard to the Prevention and Remedying of Environmental Damage with relevant developments on the international level, and tries to define a conceptual framework with which to examine the relationship between the two legal systems. The need to find concrete and effective responses to the problem of environmental degradation has prompted the recourse to a plethora of legal instruments and determined the emergence of different approaches to the question of environmental liability. More specifically, the integration of environmental concerns into liability systems has determined a revision of the ultimate goals traditionally assigned to liability and an adjustment of its classic structures to new realities. Therefore, the overall legal framework on environmental liability in Europe and on the international level is gradually evolving towards the coexistence of traditional schemes of civil liability with new regulatory models for prevention and reparation of environmental damage. The starting point for the analysis is the recognition that appropriate and effective responses to the problem of environmental harm require a coherent and coordinated application of different legal tools, private and public, international and European. By looking at the interface between international law and EU law in the field of environmental liability, this study identifies different conceptual and regulatory approaches to the question of prevention and reparation for environmental damage. It explores potential synergies and interactions among them with a view to achieving the ultimate goal of providing effective responses to the problem of environmental harm.

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Livres sur le sujet "Insurance, Unemployment – European Union countries"

Unemployment insurance and non-standard employment : Four European countries in comparison. Wiesbaden : VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008.

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Duncan, Gallie, dir. Resisting marginalization : Unemployment experience and social policy in the European Union. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2004.

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Dullien, Sebastian. A European unemployment benefit scheme : How to provide for more stability in the euro zone. Gütersloh : Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2014.

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1950-, Padoan Pier Carlo, et Centro Europa ricerche (Rome, Italy), dir. Monetary union, employment and growth : The impact of the Euro as a global currency. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar, 2001.

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Beschäftigungspolitik im Gemeinschaftsrecht : Die Kompetenzen der Europäischen Gemeinschaft im Kampf gegen die Arbeitslosigkeit. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2009.

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Höch, Dorothee. Beschäftigungspolitik im Gemeinschaftsrecht : Die Kompetenzen der Europäischen Gemeinschaft im Kampf gegen die Arbeitslosigkeit. Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2009.

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Kieselbach, Thomas. Coping with occupational transitions : An empirical study with employees facing job loss in five European countries. Wiesbaden : VS, Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften, 2009.

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Centre for Economic Policy Research (Great Britain), dir. Unemployment : Choices for Europe. [London : CEPR, 1995.

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Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha. Market Integration Through Data Protection : An Analysis of the Insurance and Financial Industries in the EU. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Richard, North, dir. The castle of lies : Why Britain must get out of Europe. London : Duckworth, 1996.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Insurance, Unemployment – European Union countries"

Meyer, Dirk. « European Unemployment Insurance ». Dans European Union and Monetary Union in Permanent Crisis II, 41–52. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38646-7_4.

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Gür, Betül. « The Relationship Between R&D Expenditures and Youth Unemployment in the European Union Countries : A Comparison of the Old and New Member States ». Dans Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics, 133–50. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71869-5_9.

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Kerschen, Nicole. « Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Luxembourg ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 285–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_19.

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Abstract For over 100 years, Luxembourg has been an immigration country. In 2019, 93% of the resident population are European citizens. Luxembourg nationals represent 53% of the entire population, nationals from other European Union (EU) Member States 40% and non-EU foreigners 7%. These three groups have different rights regarding residence and access to work in Luxembourg. All persons engaged in a professional activity in Luxembourg, whatever their nationality or residence, are covered by a compulsory social security system. The essence of the Welfare State, whose origins date back to the Customs Union with Germany, is Bismarckian. It protects workers against the following social risks: unemployment, sickness and maternity, long-term care needs, family, invalidity and old age. Family members are entitled to derived rights. Regarding health-care and old age pensions, it is possible to subscribe a voluntary insurance under specific conditions. A guaranteed minimum income, recently reformed, is accessible to everybody residing legally in Luxembourg under specific conditions. For non-EU foreigners, a residence for at least 5 years during the last 20 years or the possession of a long-term resident status is required.

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Boado-Penas, María del Carmen, Gustavo Demarco, Julia Eisenberg, Kristoffer Lundberg et Şule Şahin. « All-Hands-On-Deck!—How International Organisations Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic ». Dans Springer Actuarial, 127–42. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78334-1_7.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is affecting all countries. Since the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2021, governments across the world have mobilised on a tremendous scale and put in place different policies to contain the spread of the virus and its negative effects on society. International organisations have supported these efforts through evidence-based policy recommendations and emergency financing packages. This chapter presents a brief overview of the responses made by international organisations and European Union towards COVID-19. Special attention is given to the guidance of these organisations on the changes in social insurance and pension plans to protect the most vulnerable population groups.

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Wojtyńska, Anna, et Unnur Dís Skaptadóttir. « (Im)mobility Patterns among Polish Unemployed Migrants in Iceland Navigating Different Welfare Regimes ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 161–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_10.

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AbstractBased on fieldwork among unemployed Polish migrants in Iceland, this chapter examines how they negotiate and adapt to the social risks and changing circumstances encountered in the countries of emigration and immigration as well as how they navigate the available ‘resource environments’ emerging in conjunction with different welfare regimes. We particularly look at the European Union (EU) regulations for social-security protection vis-à-vis national welfare-protection policies on unemployment in Iceland and Poland and their possible ramifications for the mobility and immobility of Polish workers. Furthermore, we highlight some problematic interactions between the internationalisation of the labour market and concomitant transnational livelihoods, EU social policy and the welfare-assistance environment of member states. In so doing, we apply a critical approach to the commonly assumed high flexibility and extensive geographical mobility of migrant workers that tends to overlook counterfactors that influence different forms of immobility.

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Obinger, Herbert, Carina Schmitt et Laura Seelkopf. « Mass Warfare and the Development of the Modern Welfare State : An Analysis of the Western World, 1914–1950 ». Dans International Impacts on Social Policy, 21–34. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_3.

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AbstractThe impact of war on the development of welfare states in the Western world has recently attracted growing attention (Castles, Journal of European Social Policy, 20, 91–101, 2010; Rehm, Risk Inequality and Welfare States. Social Policy Preferences, Development, and Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 2016; Obinger et al., Warfare and Welfare. Military Conflict and Welfare State Development in Western Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018). The horrors caused by both world wars, military demobilisation, post-war economic and political crises and war-induced institutional transformations created a huge demand for social protection that states were well-placed to fill. This chapter examines the impact of both world wars on the development and reshaping of social policies in the Western world. The immense costs of mass warfare also led to the introduction of new taxes such as the income tax and massive tax hikes of existing taxes. These new revenue sources were not only needed to pay for the war debt, but also brought the fiscal resources to pay for newly introduced programmes such as unemployment insurance and for the extensions of existing welfare schemes. In addition to policy innovations and reforms, both world wars also led to institutional innovations such as the establishment of welfare ministries. By using a sample of twenty-one Western countries, we present social policy trends and developments during and in the short aftermath of World Wars I and II.

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Csillag, Márton, et Anna Adamecz-Völgyi. « Early Activation in European Union Unemployment Insurance Programs ». Dans Work and the Social Safety Net, 38—C3.P107. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190241599.003.0003.

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Abstract In this chapter the authors first briefly show how early activation, intensive service provision, and access to active labor market policies (ALMPs) in the first six months of a job seeker’s unemployment spell gained increasing important in the years following the Great Recession in the countries of the European Union. They then go on to review the evidence on these instruments, with special attention paid to experimental studies. While the evidence on timing of participation in active measures is weak and inconclusive, the authors show that intensive meetings between job seekers and employment counselors speeds up return to work. It seems that this approach is cost-efficient but is no panacea because it might lead to negative spillover effects in slack local labor markets.

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Kuruvilla, Sarosh. « Conclusion ». Dans Private Regulation of Labor Standards in Global Supply Chains, 272–74. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754517.003.0011.

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This concluding chapter reviews the key findings and arguments of this book regarding private regulation. It also looks at other suggestions to reform and improve private regulation which are not canvassed extensively in this book. An important one is to reform the buyer–supplier contract to make the contract “work both ways” — that is, level the playing field so suppliers and workers can sue for buyer compliance. A second concerns institutionalizing unemployment insurance for supply chain workers. Meanwhile, a third suggestion is that global buyers reform their sourcing to source only from countries with good labor standards, or at a minimum, clearly indicate to those country's governments that they will stop sourcing if labor laws are not enforced. Ultimately, private regulation is not a panacea, and researchers have pointed to other steps that could improve working conditions in supply chains. For one thing, national governments need to do a better job enforcing existing labor laws; indeed, it was governments' failure to do so that gave rise to private regulation. Another step is regionalization — harmonizing national labor standards within regional trade blocs through arrangements similar to those employed by the European Union. Moreover, labor standards could be improved if the International Labour Organization (ILO) could be more forceful with its members with respect to adhering to ILO conventions.

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« Institutions and Unemployment in OECD Countries : A Panel Data Analysis ». Dans Growth and Cohesion in the European Union, 130–56. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781781956366.00015.

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Kuhn, Theresa, Francesco Nicoli et Frank Vandenbroucke. « Preferences for European unemployment insurance : a question of economic ideology or EU support ? » Dans Domestic Contestation of the European Union, 48–66. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003168539-4.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Insurance, Unemployment – European Union countries"

Hurbánková, Ľubica. « ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT USING FOUR-FACTOR MODEL IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES ». Dans 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management : How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.1.

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The paper deals with the analysis of unemployment in European Union countries on the basis of data of the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed. The data are obtained from the Eurostat website. The aim of the paper is to find out how the number of unemployed in individual EU countries changed in 2018 compared to 2009, in which country the number of unemployed increased the most, in which the least. Appropriate tools of economic statistics are used for the analysis. Based on a four-factor model of the analysis of the number of unemployed, we find out how this indicator has changed depending on the change in the unemployment rate, the economic activity rate, the share of the working age population in the total population, and the total population. The application of statistical method is implemented through the programme Microsoft Office Excel.

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FERUNI, Nerajda. « MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS OF HAPPINESS : CASE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES ». Dans Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2021.23.

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The aim of this paper is to test empirically the relationship between life satisfaction, another term used for happiness, and macroeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita, which is a proxy for economic growth, unemployment, inflation, income distribution and government expenditure in the European Union countries during the period of 2005-2017. The chosen variables are some of the most significant determinants of economic growth as well. Using the Fixed Effects model, which falls under the Panel Generalized Least Square method, the empirical results are in accordance with the literature review and suggest that unemployment and inflation have negative significant impacts on life satisfaction. Additionally, higher government expenditures and a higher level of economic growth lead to a higher level of life satisfaction in the EU countries, while unfair income distribution leads to a lower level of life satisfaction. Keywords: life satisfaction, macroeconomic indicators, economic growth, EU

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Özdemir, Zekai, İlkay Noyan Yalman et Çağatay Karaköy. « Effects of Openness on Employment in Turkey and EU Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01135.

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According to the general theory, it is recognized that exports increase employment. Recently, in the world economy, increasing unemployment, foreign trade of the impact on employment has led to new research. Many of the aforementioned studies validating the theory, some of them have different results. In recent studies in Turkey was a different result. In this study, Turkey and the European Union countries in terms of trade effect on employment will be examined. For this purpose, employment and foreign trade data for the years 2000-2012 using a panel data analysis will be done. Exports, imports, wages, and production depending on the change in employment and the interaction will be investigated. Depending on available data at the sectoral level, there will be a distinction. Especially in the last ten years, the recession and rise in unemployment in Europe will be discussed with the relevant dynamics. In Turkey, the current account deficit, growth, unemployment issues are noteworthy. European Union accession process, Turkey and the European Union countries in the comparison will be significant in the economic indicators.

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Göl, Vildan, et Betül Yüce Dural. « Youth Unemployment and Youth not in Employment, Education or Training : An Assessment in Terms of The EU and Turkey ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02594.

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Today, the European Union aims to integrate young people into the labour market and provide employment support. However, youth unemployment figures in the European Union are very serious. In addition to youth unemployment, NEET (Not in Education, Employment and Training) rates, which we hear frequently today and which is closely related to youth unemployment, have high rates both in the European Union and in Turkey. If these two main problems that countries have to deal with are not successful, they will impose serious costs on countries both socially and economically. Although education policies are often used for the solution, factors such as gender perception and patriarchal social structure must be left behind. In addition, strong economic growth should not be ignored to combat the problems of the young unemployed. The first aim of the study is to examine the factors that cause young unemployed and NEETs in the EU and Turkey at the macro and micro level and to present them comparatively. The second aim of the study is to empirically analyse Okun's Law, which argues that there is a negative correlation between unemployment and economic growth, for young unemployed and NEETs in Turkey between 2000 and 2020. The data used in the study was obtained from the OECD and Eurostat databases. The empirical findings obtained as a result of causality analysis show that there is a one-way relationship between economic growth, youth unemployment and NEETs.

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Gümüş, Sevilay. « A Comparison of European Union and Turkey from the Perspective of Social Parafiscal Burden (1995-2008) ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00283.

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While the need for human to protect themselves againist dangers they may face all through their lifes has introduced the social security concept; reducing the harm caused to humans faced with dangers has conceived the social insurance concept. In time, the context of social security broadend and following World War II it has became an increasingly important issue around the world. The main area of the study regarding this issue is to make a comparison between the social security subsidies paid by EU member countries and Turkish Republic citizens between 1995-2008 in terms of social parafiscal burden on the citizens of that country. İn this context, the data of EuroStat, OECD, SPO and Turkish Republic Social Security Institution has been benefited from in order to make an assessement. In conclusion, the EU shows a more balanced profile in terms of social parafiscal burden and social expenditure compare to Turkey and even though the social parafiscal burden depending on the observed high informal economy, seems low in terms of numbers; it can be said that the social parafiscal burden on Turkish citizens quite heavy.

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Tan, Sibel, Mehmet Hasdemir et Bengü Everest. « Agricultural Support Policies in Turkey ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01444.

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Agriculture is the leading strategic sector of Turkey as it was in entire world. Despite this strategic significance, risks and uncertainties because of the dependency on natural conditions turn agriculture into a disadvantaged sector. Just because of those disadvantages, agriculture is protected with various support policies throughout the world. Agricultural policies of Turkey have initiated with institutionalization policies of the Republican period and progressed through product supports, input supports and low-interest credit implementations of the planned period. These policies experienced serious reforms at the beginning of 2000s. Within the scope of Agricultural Reforms Implementation Project (ARIP), agricultural supports were tried to be gathered under a single roof and Direct Income Support (DIS) implementations have started. The DIS implementations lasted for 8 years and terminated in 2008. Current agricultural policy tools are implemented as area-based supports, subsidiary payments, rural development and agricultural insurance supports. The budget allocated to agriculture and the share of agricultural supports in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Turkey did not exhibit much change in years. Considering the policies and supports provided in developed countries and especially in European Union (EU) countries, it is recommended for Turkey that share of agricultural supports in total budget should be increased to levels in those countries.

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Felcan, Miroslav. « Historical Cross-Section of Arson ». Dans Safe and Secure Society. The College of European and Regional Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36682/ssc_2020/1.

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This work was supported by the Agency for Research and Development under the contract no. APVV-17-0217.Every year fires cause big damage to society, property, environment, buildings and infrastructure and pose a threat to life and health of persons in endangered areas. In most cases arson serves as insurance fraud or cover up any crime (e.g. robbery, embezzlement). However, there may be other reasons, e.g. in the case of the Commission of the European Union, the use of the product in envy, hatred, threats, blackmail, competitive struggle. Or social, political, or ethnic differences. In several cases, arson was used as a so-called 'arson attack'. The false flag, that is, the arsonist used the fire to accuse his enemy and took advantage of the wave of recourse that subsequently was raised against him. The circumstances of the cause and the fire are under investigation. After extinguishing a fire, it is standard procedure to seek and then either confirm, refute or further examine the possibility of intentional formation. In most countries of the world, arson is treated as a crime and seen as harming a stranger or a threat to life.

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Boháčiková, Andrea, et Tatiana Bencová. « THE ROLE OF CAP RISK MANAGEMENT IN INCOME STABILISATION : EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF IST IN SLOVAKIA ». Dans Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0003.

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In the European Commission (EC) proposals for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) post2020 is emphasized the aim to better support the resilience of agricultural systems in the European Union (EU). This resilience is based on the concern that the agricultural sector should be supported in responding to current and future economic, societal, and environmental challenges and risks. Managing risk in farming includes number of activities and strong effort of farms and policy makers. One part of risk management refers to income stabilisation, aimed at decreasing the unstable financial situation and high level of income volatility in European agriculture. In the EU, every year at least 20% of farmers experience an income loss of more than 30% compared with their average income in the three previous years. The public instruments to mitigate the income risk of farmers included under the Pillar II (insurance premiums, mutual funds, and the Income stabilisation tool) have been implemented only by very low number of EU countries. In the paper, we analyze the ability to decrease the instability of Slovak farmers with the use of Income stabilisation tool of CAP. The Income stabilisation tool (IST) can be used to indemnify the farmers, who experienced a “severe drop” in income, reflecting the income loss of more than 20% or 30% compared to the 3-years average annual income, or the 5-years average annual income, excluding highest and lowest entry (Olympic average). The IST has not been used in the Slovakia, or any other European country operationally so far.

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KANASHVILI, Tamar. « RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION AND HAPPINESS ». Dans Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.19.

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The aim of this paper is to explain the relationship between education and happiness. Are higher levels of education related to higher levels of happiness or does education rather harm our well-being by raising aspirations? The “researchers” of the ancient times were not ready to turn the question of how education and happiness are related into an empirical matter, on the other hand interest in the “the good life” is not any less present in our days as its seen from the large amount of research on the subject of happiness across a spread of various disciplines. A 2018 study using data from the European Union and World Values Surveys, which encompass data from 85 countries, showed that the connection between education and happiness is distinct from the connection between income and happiness. Furthermore, while the positive link between income and happiness tends to disappear after a specific point -educational activity and happiness seem to always go further. Veenhoven (1996) suggests that the foremost educated people within societies will only be happier as long as their education yields them a transparent status advantage. In a survey conducted by us in Georgia in 2019, it had been found that if educational activity levels are associated with higher expectations and these don't coincide with outcomes within the market, the individual will eventually feel dissatisfied and a negative relationship between education and satisfaction are going to be observed. This outcome is especially likely for people with higher levels of education who tend to figure under more competitive conditions. 1990s found by Clark and Oswald (1996), furthermore as Clark (2003) suggest that in economic downturns, emotional well-being of the higher-educated is more heavily affected since they experience bigger disutility from unemployment. Having made an even bigger investment in their human capital, these individuals also hold bigger expectations towards the task market. On the positive side, having awell-paying job is after all important, because it reduces distress induced by economic hardships, but people also derive meaning out of their professional employment which tends to be easier for those with education. Happiness refers to positive emotions (McMahon, Darrin, 2004). However, Martin Seligman's welfare theory also shows that happiness is greater than just a good mood. Happiness is having a meaning in life. A person should believe that his life is important and therefore the research hypothesis may be that an educated person will be significantly happier if he or she is in an environment where he or she is valued (Lyubomirsky, 2008). In the framework of the paper we found one of the most interesting studies which showed that eight weeks training has been shown to be more effective in reducing depression than a strong antidepressant (Kuyken, 2008). The connection between education and happiness is important for the education system. As far back as 1932, Hersey noted that a satisfied employee works better and that this construct is very important (Hersey, 1932). Based on scientific as well practical studies we can develop recommendations how to link happiness and education in the workplace- by suggesting and implementing such trainings that will help companies in process of:  Managing employee stress levels;  Development of talents  Increase employee engagement and reduce fatigue;  Assisting employees in adapting to organizational change; In the postgraduate study, in which employees from80 organizations were involved, the widespread form of education - namely training - was named as an important issue for motivation and job satisfaction. Training is not enough for job satisfaction, but it is the least that companies need to do today. Key words: Happiness, Education, Job-Satisfaction

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