Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Instrumental profile »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Instrumental profile"
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Cervellino, Antonio, Cinzia Giannini, Antonietta Guagliardi et Massimo Ladisa. « Disentangling instrumental broadening ». Journal of Applied Crystallography 38, no 4 (13 juillet 2005) : 685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889805017206.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A new procedure aimed at disentangling the instrumental profile broadening and the relevant X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) profile shape is presented. The technique consists of three steps: de-noising by means of wavelet transforms, background suppression by morphological functions and deblurring by a Lucy–Richardson damped deconvolution algorithm. Real XRPD intensity profiles of ceria samples are used to test the performance. Results show the robustness of the method and its capability of efficiently disentangling the instrumental broadening affecting the measurement of the intrinsic physical line profile. These features make the whole procedure an interesting and user-friendly tool for the pre-processing of XRPD data.
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Murakezi, J., Istvan Vince et A. Ludmanj. « Instrumental profile of the Debrecen solar spectrograph ». Serbian Astronomical Journal, no 167 (2003) : 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj0367081m.
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The solar spectrograph of the Heliophysical Observatory at Debrecen, Hungary was investigated to determine its instrumental profile. The measurements were made by using a HeNe laser beam. The widths and asymmetries of the profiles decrease toward higher spectral orders, the most advantageous orders being the third and the fourth ones. To eliminate the broadening of solar lines on account of the instrumental profile, the straightforward iteration method of Gurtovenko has been applied. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by the simulation of the broadened and corrected spectral line profiles.
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Peleg, Micha. « The instrumental texture profile analysis revisited ». Journal of Texture Studies 50, no 5 (28 février 2019) : 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12392.
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Welch, Renate, Meg Gerrard et Aletha Huston. « Gender-Related Personality Attributes and Reaction to Success/Failure : An Examination of Mediating Variables ». Psychology of Women Quarterly 10, no 3 (septembre 1986) : 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1986.tb00748.x.
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The effects of success and failure on task performance, and attributions about performance, were compared for high and low instrumental college women. For the high instrumental group, success facilitated task performance, whereas failure had no debilitating effect; for the low instrumental group, success had no effect on subsequent performance, whereas failure interfered with it. High instrumental women attributed their success primarily to internal factors and their failures to external tactors (the “egotistical” attribution profile), whereas low instrumentar women revealed the opposite profile. The gender-appropriateness of the task had little effect on performance or attribution. Four potential mediators of these differences were investigated: self-esteem, perceived ability, expectancy of success, and attainment value. High-instrumental women's higher perceived ability and performance expectations accounted for their superior task performance, but none of the four mediators accounted for the relationship of instrumentality to attributions.
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Vince, Istvan, et A. Lalovic. « Characteristics of the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory's stellar spectrograph ». Serbian Astronomical Journal, no 171 (2005) : 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj0571055v.
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In this paper the main features of the new SpectraPro-750 spectrograph of Belgrade Astronomical Observatory are described. The instrumental profile of the spectrograph for the 1200 l/mm grating is determined using a fiber optic bundle with fibers arranged in a pseudo-slit pattern. This instrumental profile is compared to the instrumental profiles obtained when the same fiber optic bundle illuminates the entrance slit with different widths. From appropriate instrumental profiles the practical spectral purities and the spectral resolutions for different entrance slit widths are obtained. The variation of the reciprocal linear dispersion with wavelength in the spectral range 350 - 600 nm is determined. A proposal for a link between telescope and the spectrograph is given.
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Scardi, P., L. Lutterotti et P. Maistrelli. « Experimental determination of the instrumental broadening in the Bragg–Brentano geometry ». Powder Diffraction 9, no 3 (septembre 1994) : 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600019187.
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A simple procedure was devised for the preparation of a standard KCl powder to be used for the experimental determination of the instrumental profile in the Bragg–Brentano geometry. The standard was tested on several diffractometers, and narrow Bragg reflections in the range 28°–132° were recorded adopting various experimental conditions. Profiles were modeled with analytical functions, to describe the trend of width and shape of the instrumental profile as a function of the diffraction angle. Some indications were given to perform reliable profile fitting and line broadening analysis; a high resolution setup, obtained by employing narrow slits, large goniometer radius, and a monochromator in the diffracted beam, gives narrow reflections, even though the intensity of the diffracted beam is considerably reduced. The choice of these experimental conditions, which can be achieved using the majority of the commercial instruments, leads to symmetrical profiles, even at relatively low angle (2Θ=28°), which are highly recommended for reliable profile fitting and line broadening analysis.
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Ida, T., H. Hibino et H. Toraya. « Peak profile function for synchrotron X-ray diffractometry ». Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no 2 (1 avril 2001) : 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889800021105.
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A formula of the instrumental function for a high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffractometer, equipped with a flat crystal analyser and a set of Soller slits for limiting the axial divergence of the diffracted beam, has been derived. The formula incorporates the effects of (i) the axial divergence of the diffracted beam limited by the Soller slits, (ii) the Bragg angle of the flat crystal analyser, and (iii) the tilt angle defined as the deviation of the normal direction of the analyser face from the goniometer plane. The model profile function given by the convolution of a Lorentzian function with the instrumental function has been applied to fit the experimental diffraction peak profiles of standard Si powder (NIST SRM640b) measured with a high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffractometer, MDS, on beamline BL4B2 at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba. The convolution has been calculated by applying an efficient algorithm for numerical integration. The profile function reproduces not only the experimental profiles measured with a well aligned crystal analyser, but also significantly distorted profiles arising from misalignment of the analyser, withRpvalues within 1.4%, by varying only the instrumental parameter for the tilt angle. It is suggested that further convolution with a Gaussian distribution is practically not necessary for the model instrumental function to fit the data collected with MDS. More rapid computation can be achieved by applying an analytical formula of the profile function, when the tilt angle of the crystal analyser is within about 0.2°.
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Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Koji Miyagawa, Audra McClure-Beegle, Bryan Johnson, Jeannette Wild, Susan Strahan, Krzysztof Wargan et al. « Optimized Umkehr profile algorithm for ozone trend analyses ». Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no 6 (28 mars 2022) : 1849–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1849-2022.
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Abstract. The long-term record of Umkehr measurements from four NOAA Dobson spectrophotometers was reprocessed after updates to the instrument calibration procedures. In addition, a new data quality-control tool was developed for the Dobson automation software (WinDobson). This paper presents a comparison of Dobson Umkehr ozone profiles from NOAA ozone network stations – Boulder, the Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP), the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), Lauder – against several satellite records, including Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; ver. 4.2), and combined solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) and Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) records (NASA aggregated and NOAA cohesive datasets). A subset of satellite data is selected to match Dobson Umkehr observations at each station spatially (distance less than 200 km) and temporally (within 24 h). Umkehr Averaging kernels (AKs) are applied to vertically smooth all overpass satellite profiles prior to comparisons. The station Umkehr record consists of several instrumental records, which have different optical characterizations, and thus instrument-specific stray light contributes to the data processing errors and creates step changes in the record. This work evaluates the overall quality of Umkehr long-term measurements at NOAA ground-based stations and assesses the impact of the instrumental changes on the stability of the Umkehr ozone profile record. This paper describes a method designed to correct biases and discontinuities in the retrieved Umkehr profile that originate from the Dobson calibration process, repair, or optical realignment of the instrument. The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) Global Modeling Initiative (M2GMI) and NASA Global Modeling Initiative chemistry transport model (GMI CTM) ozone profile model output matched to station location and date of observation is used to evaluate instrumental step changes in the Umkehr record. Homogenization of the Umkehr record and discussion of the apparent stray light error in retrieved ozone profiles are the focus of this paper. Homogenization of ground-based records is of great importance for studies of long-term ozone trends and climate change.
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MEULLENET, JEAN-FRANCOIS, B. G. LYON, JOHN A. CARPENTER et C. E. LYON. « RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENSORY AND INSTRUMENTAL TEXTURE PROFILE ATTRIBUTES ». Journal of Sensory Studies 13, no 1 (avril 1998) : 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459x.1998.tb00076.x.
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Strong, J. V., B. Mast, A. Midden et E. Leritz. « THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF OLDER ADULT INSTRUMENTAL MUSICIANS ». Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (1 novembre 2018) : 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.1240.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Instrumental profile"
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Corollaro, Maria Laura. « Sensory and instrumental profiling of apples : a new tool for quality assessment ». Doctoral thesis, country:IT, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/23791.
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Food suppliers currently measure apple quality considering basic pomological descriptors. Sensory analysis is expensive, does not permit to analyse many samples, and cannot be implemented for measuring quality properties in real time. However, sensory analysis is the best way to precisely describe food eating quality, since it is able to define, measure, and explain what is really perceivable by human senses and using a language that closely reflects the consumers’ perception. On the basis of such observations, we developed a detailed protocol for apple sensory profiling by descriptive sensory analysis and instrumental measurements. The collected sensory data were validated by applying rigorous scientific criteria for sensory analysis. The method was then applied for studying sensory properties of apples and their changes in relation to different pre- and post-harvest factors affecting fruit quality, and demonstrated to be able to discriminate fruit varieties and to highlight differences in terms of sensory properties. The instrumental measurements confirmed such results. Moreover, the correlation between sensory and instrumental data was studied, and a new effective approach was defined for the reliable prediction of sensory properties by instrumental characterisation. It is therefore possible to propose the application of this sensory-instrumental tool to all the stakeholders involved in apple production and marketing, to have a reliable description of apple fruit quality.
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Cadena, Rafael Silva 1983. « Sorvete sabor creme tradicional e "light" : perfil sensorial e instrumental ». [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254229.
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Orientador: Helena Maria Andre BoliniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O sorvete é uma matriz altamente complexa de alimento contendo proteínas, gordura, açúcares, ar, minerais, etc. e relações incontáveis entre os diferentes constituintes. No Brasil, o consumo per capita de sorvete é de 3,5 litros ao ano, menos de um quarto do volume dos países nórdicos, como Finlândia, Dinamarca e Noruega, onde o consumo per capita de sorvete é de, aproximadamente, 20 litros por ano, demonstrando que há espaço para o crescimento da indústria sorveteira no Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar análise de aceitação, análise descritiva quantitativa, análise tempointensidade e análise físico-químicas em sorvetes sabor creme tradicional e ¿light¿ comercializados na região de Campinas/SP. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com auxílio do programa estatístico SAS. Foi aplicado Análise de variância (ANOVA) e Teste de Média de Tukey. O Mapa de Preferência Interno foi feito através do programa XLStat. No teste de aceitação as amostras tradicionais foram melhores aceitas que as amostras ¿light¿, com exceção de uma amostra de sorvete ¿light¿. O método Análise Descritiva Quantitativa diferenciou as amostras pelos atributos cor amarela, brilho, aroma doce, aroma de chocolate branco, aroma de gordura hidrogenada vegetal, gosto doce, sabor de chocolate branco e sabor de gordura vegetal. A análise de tempo-intensidade revelou gosto amargo em uma amostra tradicional e residual amargo nas amostras ¿light¿, gosto residual doce na amostra ¿light¿ preferida pelos consumidores e intensidade de sabor de nata maior nas amostras mais aceitas. As amostras mais aceitas pelos consumidores foram os sorvetes que apresentaram nos testes descritivos mais cor amarela, aroma e gosto doce, aroma e sabor de chocolate branco e espalhabilidade. As amostras mais rejeitadas pelos consumidores foram os sorvetes com maior grau de residual amargo e menor grau de aroma e gosto doce. Em conclusão, o desenvolvimento do perfil sensorial descritivo e os dados do teste de aceitação obtidos na avaliação dos sorvetes de creme tradicional e ¿light¿ comercializados poderão auxiliar a indústria nacional de sorvetes a adotar procedimentos para a melhoria na qualidade e delinear novas estratégias de publicidade
Abstract: Ice cream is a highly complex food matrix, containing proteins, fat, sugars, air, minerals, etc. and countless interfaces between the different constituents. The ice cream per capita consumption in Brazil is 3,5 liters/year, lower than a quarter of the volume consumed in Nordic countries, as Finland, Denmark and Norway, where it is about 20 liters/year, demonstrating that it is possible for the Brazilian ice cream industry to grow. The objective of this study is to carry out acceptation analysis, quantitative-descriptive analysis, time-intensity analysis, physicalchemical analysis in traditional vanilla ice creams and light vanilla ice creams commercialized in Campinas, São Paulo. The quantitative descriptive analysis, time-intensity analysis and acceptance test data were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey¿s Test and the principal component analysis. The results were statistically analyzed based on the statistical program SAS. The Internal Preference Map was based on XLStat program. The Quantitative Descriptive Analysis method distinguished the brand through attributes as yellow color, shininess, white chocolate aroma, hydrogenated fat, white chocolate flavour and hydrogenated fat taste. Time-intensity analysis revealed a bitter taste in a traditional sample and residual bitter taste in light samples, sweet residual taste in the consumer's favorite light sample and a bigger butterfat intensity taste on the most accepted samples. Consumer's most accepted ice creams samples were those that presented an intense yellow color, aroma and taste of sweet, aroma and taste of white chocolate and spreadability. Consumer's most rejected samples were ice creams with a higher degree of bitter residual and lower degree of aroma and taste of sweet. To conclude, the development of the descriptive sensorial profile and the data of the acceptation test obtained on the light and traditional vanilla ice creams evaluation commercialized may aid the national ice cream industry to adopt new proceedings for quality improvement and would delineate new publicity strategies
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Mautner, Helene. « A Cross-System Instrumental Voice Profile of the Aging Voice : With Considerations of Jaw Posture Effects ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5183.
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Purpose: An open mouth approach is used in voice therapy for enhancing speech and voice production and relaxing the laryngeal musculature. The acoustic and physiological consequences of an open jaw posture, however, have not been clearly understood due to a paucity of cross-system studies taking the age effect into consideration. The major aims of this study are twofold (1) to examine if the geriatric voice may be improved using an “open jaw” posture and (2) if an aging effect on the voice of normal healthy adults can be detected through acoustic and physiological measures
Method: The main part of this study involved simultaneous multi-channel voice recordings obtained from 85 healthy adults aged between 38 and 93 years. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit at least five females and five males in each of four age groups, 35-59 years (35+), 60-69 (60+), 70-79 (70+), and above 80 (80+). For simultaneous acoustic, electroglottographic (EGG), and jaw displacement recordings, participants were asked to perform two tasks which included a sustained vowel task and a sentence production task. The sustained vowel task involved sustaining the vowel /a/ in five different conditions, an isolated vowel /a/ produced at normal, low, and high pitch levels and the vowel /a/ initiated with a consonant (/m/ and /h/). The sentence production task involved production of the sentence 'We saw two cars,' containing the vowels /i, ɔ, u, a/. For simultaneous airflow-EGG recordings, participants were asked to sustain the vowel /a/ at normal pitch. For simultaneous airflow-air pressure-EGG recordings, participants were asked to repeat /pa/ five times in one breath. Participants were asked to perform all of the tasks using two jaw postures (normal and open). A series of univariate analysis of variances were used to identify instrumental measures sensitive for discriminating between the four age groups and the two jaw postures. A follow-up perceptual study was conducted to determine the effect of an open jaw posture on vowel intelligibility and voice clarity. A quota sampling strategy was used to recruit 40 normal hearing participants, including 20 females (age range = 18-42 years, mean = 25.3, SD = 7.9) and 20 males (age range = 18-47, mean = 23.6, SD = 6.7). These listeners were presented with vowels segmented from the sentences recorded in the first experiment and asked to perform a vowel identification and a voice clarity discrimination task. The vowel samples were taken from 40 speakers, with five females and five males in each of the four age groups (35+, 60+, 70+, and 80+). The percentages of correct vowel identification for voices produced with normal and open jaw postures were compared. The percentages of vowels judged as 'clearer' in a normal-open jaw contrast pairs were also calculated for comparison.
Results: Significant age group effects were found in this study for both genders on fundamental frequency (F0), voice onset time (VOT) (/ka/), open quotient (OQ), and speed quotient (SQ), with additional age differences detected for females on %jitter, %shimmer, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the second formant frequency (F2), and for males a significant age group effect was found on VOT (/tu/). Results for both females and males revealed significant open jaw posture effects on F0, F2, VOT (/ka/), MFR, SPL and vowel space area. In addition, for females significant posture effects were found on F1, subglottal pressure and the H1-H2 amplitude difference, and for males, significant posture effects were found on %jitter and VOT-/tu/. Results from the follow-up perceptual study revealed that an open jaw posture was associated with better vowel identification and better voice clarity.
Conclusions: A selection of instrumental measures was shown to be useful for detecting voice changes due to aging. Instrumental and perceptual evidence was found that an open jaw posture was associated with positive changes in vocal behaviours, including improved phonatory stability, vocal power, and voice clarity.
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Baricich, Alessio. « Clinical and instrumental evaluation of Botulinum Toxin type A safety profile in post stroke spasticity rehabilitation treatment ». Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/97207.
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Post stroke spasticity (PSS) occurs approximately in 30% of stroke survivors. Spasticity varies from a subtle neurological sign to a gross increase in tone causing immobility of joints. PSS is associated with several complications, increasing care needs and utilisation of healthcare resources. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been considered as an effective and safe treatment for focal spasticity in stroke survivors, with low prevalence of complications, reversibility of effect, and efficacy in reducing spastic hypertonia. Recent studies estimated that a significant percentage of patients affected by PSS could benefit from higher doses than those permitted by current country directives. However, at present time, there is no general consensus on the maximum dose of BoNT-A in terms of safety and clinical interchangeability among the three commercially approved products (abobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, incobotulinumtoxinA).
In light of these considerations, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the safety profile of BoNT-A high doses in the treatment of post stroke spasticity.
In our research activity we investigated the clinical effect of this treatment in severely affected patients, focusing on both clinical and instrumental assessment of systemic effects of BoNT-A.
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Merlo, Frauca Gabriela. « ¿Qué motiva a los alumnos en Suecia a elegir español como idioma moderno ? » Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52641.
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The popularity of the Spanish language, as a modern language, has been increasing the last years in Sweden causing the number of study groups in schools to rise. This event led us to question, what motivated the students to choose this language? Perhaps it's because it is considered to be easy to learn? Or that the students are under pressure from their friends that have already chosen it? Why not choose Spanish because the students have it as their mother tongue. For this reason we have decided to realize this comparative dissertation in the three educational levels using the quantitative method by taking a poll of almost 200 students to collect the necessary information. In each poll the students have answered 30 questions or assumptions, grouped according to the type of motivation and student profile. As a result of our work we can mention that we only managed to confirm the first of the three assumptions since the second and the third one couldn’t be substantiated. Keywords: Motivation, intrinsic instrumental motivation, integrative instrumental motivation, extrinsic instrumental motivation, student profile. Palabras clave: Motivación, motivación intrínseca instrumental, motivación intrínseca integradora, motivación extrínseca, perfil del alumno.
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Andrade, Juliana Cunha de. « Aspectos de qualidade para caracterização de salsichas comerciais ». [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254246.
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Orientador: Helena Maria André BoliniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A industria de embutidos representa um importante segmento no setor de carnes. O preco acessivel, a praticidade no preparo, e o valor proteico desses produtos contribuem para a evolucao significativa do consumo, tornando-os parte do habito alimentar de uma parcela consideravel de consumidores brasileiros. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de salsichas comerciais com maior representatividade no mercado varejista na cidade de Campinas/SP, a fim de encontrar atributos fisicos, quimicos e sensoriais associados a aceitacao do produto pelos consumidores. Foram selecionadas seis marcas de salsicha (A, B, C, D, E e F) e avaliadas quanto ao teor de sodio, amido, nitrito, nitrato, composicao centesimal, pH, analises instrumentais de cor (sistema CIE Lab) e textura, Analise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) e teste de aceitacao. Foi aplicado Analise de Variancia (ANOVA) e Teste de Media de Tukey pelo programa estatistico SAS. Utilizando o programa XLStat foram gerados o Mapa de Preferencia Interno e a Correlacao dos Quadrados Minimos Parciais. As analises fisico-quimicas indicaram que somente duas amostras (E e F) atenderam aos requisitos de amido, carboidratos totais, umidade, gordura e proteina estabelecidos pela legislacao brasileira sobre os padroes de identidade e qualidade de salsicha. Os resultados das medidas objetivas de cor indicaram que as amostras C, E e F apresentaram maiores valores de luminosidade, coloracao vermelha menos intensa, tanto na superficie externa quanto na interna. Na avaliacao instrumental de textura, os valores medios da forca de cisalhamento foram menores para as amostras C, D e F. A analise de perfil de textura evidenciou que a amostra F apresentou menores dureza e mastigabilidade. A amostra A apresentou o menor valor medio de forca de compressao. Na ADQ, 24 descritores caracterizaram as seis amostras de salsicha. As amostras D, E e F caracterizaram-se principalmente por apresentarem aroma e sabor caracteristico de salsicha e menores intensidades de aroma e sabor de frango. Por outro lado, a amostra C caracterizou-se por apresentar aroma e sabor de frango e soja. A amostra B destacou-se das demais amostras por apresentar sabor de tempero mais intenso e coloracao artificial. E a amostra A destacou-se por apresentar as maiores intensidades de aroma de frango, de soja, cor laranja, cor característica de curado, maciez, arenosidade, sabor de pimenta e de soja, e menores intensidades de aroma e sabor característico de salsicha, suculência, elasticidade e gosto salgado. A Análise de Componentes Principais segmentou as amostras em três grupos, um formado pelas amostras D, E e F, outro formado pela amostra B e o terceiro formado pelas amostras A e C. Os resultados do teste de aceitação indicaram que todas as amostras apresentaram boa aceitação, com exceção da amostra A, enquanto o Mapa de Preferência Interno revelou que as amostras D, E e F foram as preferidas. Por meio da Correlação dos Quadrados Mínimos Parciais observou-se que os aspectos positivos mais importantes para a aceitação de uma amostra de salsicha foram o aroma e o sabor característico de salsicha, enquanto os aspectos negativos foram a maciez e o sabor de pimenta, sendo o sabor de pimenta considerado o mais importante para não estar presente em salsichas. O atributo arenosidade contribuiu negativamente para a aceitabilidade dos produtos
Abstract: The sausage industry represents an important segment in the meat sector. The accessible price of some brands, the convenient preparation and the protein amount in this type of product contribute to the significant increase in the consumption and has made it part of the eating habits of a considerable amount of the Brazilian consumers. This research aimed to evaluate the quality of commercial frankfurter type sausage with greater representativeness in the retail market in the city of Campinas/SP to select physical, chemical and sensory characteristics related to its acceptability by the consumers. Six sausage brands were selected and the amount of sodium, starch, nitrite, nitrate, pH value and proximate composition determined. Instrumental color (CIE Lab system), texture profile analysis, Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and acceptability were carried on. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between mean values were evaluated by Tukey¿s multiple range test using SAS software. Using XLStat the Internal Preference Map and Partial Least Squares correlations were obtained. The physical and chemical analysis indicated that only two samples (E and F) met the requirements of starch, total carbohydrates, moisture, fat and protein within the Brazilian Legislation on standards of identity and quality of the sausage. Objective measures of color (CIE Lab System) indicated that samples C, E and F presented the highest levels of lightness, less intense red coloring, on its external surface as well as internally. In the instrumental evaluation of texture the mean values of shear force were smaller for samples C, D and F. The texture profile analysis showed that sample F presented the lowest values for hardness and chewiness, while sample A presented the lowest average of compression force among samples. In the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) 24 attributes characterized the six samples of sausages. Samples D, E and F, were mainly characterized by its aroma, typical sausage flavor, less intensity of chicken aroma and flavor. However, sample C was characterized by its chicken and soybean aroma and flavor. Sample B stood out due to its intense seasoning flavor and artificial color, while sample A stood out due to its intensity of the aroma of chicken, soybean, orange color, cured color, softness, sandiness (perception of tiny hard bone particles), pepper, soybean flavor and less intensity of aroma and flavor of typical sausage, juiciness, springiness and salty taste. The Principle Components Analysis divided the samples in three groups, one formed by sample D, E and F, another formed by sample B and the third formed by sample A and C. The results of the acceptance test revealed that samples D, E and F were the most preferred. All samples presented a good acceptance except for sample A. By correlation of Partial Least Squares between the samples, regarding the attributes of QDA and overall impression of the acceptance test, it was observed that the most important characteristics for the acceptance of a sample of sausage were the typical aroma and flavor of sausage, meanwhile the negative aspects were softness and the pepper flavor, which was the most important to not be present in the sausage. The attribute sandiness contributed negatively for the samples acceptance
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Iborra, Bernad María del Consuelo. « Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32953.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron comparar el efecto de tres técnicas de cocción en
varios vegetales y su selección para cada producto estudiado. Para ello, los trabajos realizados
han considerado los cambios en las propiedades físico-químicas, nutricionales, sensoriales y la
microestructura. Asimismo, como respuesta al reto de aplicar tratamientos equivalentes en
firmeza con diferentes técnicas de cocción se ha propuesto una metodología que combina los
diseños experimentales de superficie respuesta (RSM) con análisis instrumentales y
sensoriales.
Los tratamientos térmicos estudiados fueron la cocción tradicional (TC¿ agua hirviendo a 100
°C) junto con dos tratamientos que utilizan el vacío en el procesado: el cook-vide (CV¿ cocción
a vacío continuo donde los alimentos están en contacto con agua hirviendo a baja presión) y el
sous-vide (SV¿ cocción de alimentos previamente embolsados a vacío donde el alimento está
separado del agua de cocción). Los vegetales objeto de estudio fueron la patata morada
(Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte), la judía verde (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Estefania), la
zanahoria (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantesa) y la col lombarda (o repollo colorado) (Brassica
oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata f. rubra).
Considerando muestras con firmeza instrumental similar y las propiedades nutricionales y
sensoriales (especialmente aroma y sabor), incluyendo la aceptación del consumidor, se
recomienda la cocción SV para los vegetales estudiados, excepto para la zanahoria. En el caso
de este vegetal el cocinado tradicional (100 °C) mantiene la aceptabilidad del consumidor y
aumenta la extracción de los ß-carotenos por lo que se considera más recomendable que el
SV.Iborra Bernad, MDC. (2013). Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32953
TESIS
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Deus, Kátia Oliveira de. « Qualidade de pão-de-forma sem glúten a base co-produtos de arroz e soja, com hidrocolóides e ou transglutaminase ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5932.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The search for baked goods without gluten good physical, chemical and microbiological, and acceptance have provided various surveys. In order to replace the gluten in breads consumer medium for celiac disease patients, various strategies have been employed such as the use of hydrocolloids and enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a technological standpoint, nutritional, microbiological and acceptance of gluten-free bun obtained from different proportions soy by-products (okara) and rice (bran and grain flour broken), type and dose of hydrocolloids, and dose of transglutaminase enzyme, seeking alternatives to supply the growing market for products for coeliacs, as well as enhancement of agro-industrial subproutos rice and soybeans. All formulations had good sensory acceptance by the tasters, but with 65 g 100 g-1 rice flour, 10 g 100 g-1 rice bran and 25 g 100 g-1 okara flour presented the best physical quality, obtaining the greater desirability compared to commercial standard, and was accepted sensory, with average grade above 6 (like slightly). Use of hydrocolloids increased the specific volume of loaves of bread and improved textural characteristics. The form of gluten bread with 2 g 100g-1 of xanthan gum showed the highest specific volume (1.82 cm3 g-1). The transglutaminase of microbial origin increased by 9 %, the specific volume of gluten loaves with 10 U of transglutaminase per g of protein, 16 % lower hardness, indicating softness of bread, which showed 5 % more cohesive than those without transglutaminase. Regarding the commercial form of the selected bread specific volume was obtained 11 % higher and 110 % softer than bread trade marks. The gluten form of bread made with 65 g 100 g-1 of rice flour, 10 g 100 g-1 of rice bran and 25 g 100 g-1 okara flour with the addition of 2 g 100 g-1 xanthan gum and 10 U transglutaminase per g protein, showed the best results in texture with 16 % less hardness, 5 % more cohesiveness, 9 % more bulk, more elastic 2 % and 10 % decrease in chewiness. The loaf of bread obtained sensory acceptance indicating their potential for marketing of food with 45.83 g 100g-1 protein, rich in dietary fiber (10.17 g 100 g-1), and 1.61 g 100 g-1 in soluble fiber and 8.57 g 100 g-1 in insoluble fiber, providing a healthier alternative for consumers of celiac disease patients.
A busca por produtos de panificação sem glúten de boa qualidade física, química e microbiológica, e aceitação vêm proporcionado várias pesquisas. No sentido de se substituir o glúten em pães-de-forma para consumidores portadores de doença celíaca, várias estratégias tem sido empregadas, tais como o uso de hidrocolóides e enzimas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do ponto de vista tecnológico, nutricional, microbiológico e aceitação do pão-de-forma sem glúten obtido a partir de diferentes proporções de co-produtos de soja (okara) e de arroz (farelo e farinha de grãos quebrados), tipo e dose de hidrocolóides, e dose de enzima transglutaminase, buscando alternativas para suprir o crescente mercado de produtos para celíacos, além da valorização dos subproutos agroindustriais do arroz e da soja. Todas as formulações tiveram boa aceitação sensorial por parte dos provadores, mas a com 65 g 100 g-1 de farinha de arroz, 10 g 100 g-1 de farelo de arroz e 25 g 100 g-1 de farinha de okara foi a que apresentou melhor qualidade física, obtendo a maior desejabilidade comparada com padrão comercial, e foi aceita sensorialmente, com nota média acima de 6 (gostei ligeiramente). O uso de hidrocolóides aumentou o volume específico dos pães-de-forma e melhorou as características texturais. O pão-de-forma sem glúten com 2 g 100 g-1 de goma xantana obteve o maior volume específico (1,82 cm3 g-1). A transglutaminase de origem microbiana aumentou 9 % o volume específico dos pães-de-forma sem glúten com 10 U de transglutaminase por g de proteína, 16 % menos dureza, indicando maior maciez do pão, que se mostraram 5 % mais coesos que os sem transglutaminase. Em relação aos comerciais o pão-de-forma selecionado obteve volume específico 11 % maior e 110 % mais macio que o pão comercial da marca A. O pão-de-forma sem glúten feito com 65 g 100 g-1 de farinha de arroz, 10 g 100 g-1 de farelo de arroz e 25 g 100 g-1 de farinha de okara com adição de 2 g 100 g-1 de goma xantana e 10 U de transglutaminase por g de proteína, foi o que apresentou melhores resultados em textura com 16 % menos dureza, 5 % mais coesividade, 9 % a mais de volume específico, 2 % mais elástico e 10 % de diminuição na mastigabilidade. O pão-de-forma obteve aceitação sensorial indicando o seu potencial para comercialização deste alimento, com 45,83 g 100 g-1 de proteínas, alto conteúdo de fibra alimentar (10,17 g 100 g-1), sendo 1,61 g 100 g-1 de fibra solúvel e 8,57 g 100 g-1 de fibra insolúvel, constituindo uma alternativa saudável para os consumidores portadores de doença celíaca.
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Peixoto, Isabella Faria da Cunha. « Caracterização dimensional e comportamento mecânico de instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi PROFILE GT e PROFILE GT Series X ». Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ZMRO-877K5F.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural fatigue and torsional resistance of ProFile GT (Dentsply-Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland) and ProFile GT Series X (GTX) (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Oklahoma, USA) instruments, taking into account their
structural and dimensional characteristics. The instrument diameter at each millimeter from the tip and pitch length were the dimensional parameters measured. Chemical composition was determined by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and phase constitution by x-ray diffraction. Vickers microhardness measurements were performed
to assess instrument strength. One group of 20/.06 GT and GTX instruments (n = 10 each) was tested until failure in a flexural fatigue test device, whereas another group of 20/.04 files (n = 10 each) was tested in torsion based on ISO 3630-1. GT and GTX instruments showed approximately the same chemical composition, namely 51at%Ni-
49at%Ti (56wt%Ni-44wt%Ti) and contained mainly the â-phase. GTX instruments showed higher intensity x-ray diffraction peaks and a statistically higher Vickers microhardness. There was a significant decrease in the diameter of GTX in relation to GT instruments from D6 to D9 for 20/.04 instruments and from D4 to D7 for 20/.06 instruments. Pitch length increased along the active part of both instruments, with a
steeper increase in GTX. In general, GT Series X instruments were significantly more resistant to flexural fatigue than were similar GT instruments (p < 0.001) but exhibited lower torsional strength (p < 0.001). Different structural and dimensional characteristics were found in GTX instruments in comparison with GT instruments; this is probably the
cause for their higher flexural fatigue resistance and lower torsional strength.Neste trabalho foi avaliada, a resistencia a fadiga e o comportamento em torcao de instrumentos ProFile GT (Dentsply-Maillefer, Baillagues, Suica) e ProFile GT Series X (GTX) (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Oklahoma, USA). A composicao quimica da liga NiTi foi analisada semi-quantitativamente por espectroscopia de energia de raios-X (EDS), as fases presentes foram identificadas atraves de analises por difratometria de raios-XDRX, as temperaturas de transformacao identificadas por calorimetria exploratoria diferencial (DSC) e o acabamento superficial foi avaliado por microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). A avaliacao dimensional foi realizada atraves de fotografias dos instrumentos pelo software Image-Pro Plus 6.0. Os instrumentos foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo experimental de fadiga, com 20 instrumentos novos GT e GTX de calibre 20 e taper .06 (n=10) ensaiados ate a ruptura em dispositivo de bancada de fadiga, para determinacao do numero de ciclos ate a fratura (NCF). Grupo experimental de torcao com 20 instrumentos novos GT e GTX de calibre 20 e taper .04 (n=10) ensaiados em torcao ate a ruptura, para determinacao dos valores medios de torque maximo e de deflexao angular ate a fratura. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA (95% de confiabilidade). Todos os instrumentos apresentaram caracteristicas superficiais satisfatorias. A composicao quimica foi a mesma em todos os instrumentos analisados, aproximadamente 50,5%Ni-49,5%Ti atomica. Os difratogramas, de GT e GTX, apresentaram apenas a presenca da austenita (fase À, de estrutura B2) e as temperaturas de transformacao variaram, sugerindo possiveis diferencas nos tratamentos termicos dos fios. Os instrumentos GTX 20/.06 apresentaram resistencia a fadiga significativamente maior, quando comparados aos instrumentos GT 20/.06. Os instrumentos GT 20/.04 apresentaram valores de torque maximos significativamente maiores que os instrumentos GTX, embora menores valores de deflexao angular ate a fratura. Considerando que os dois instrumentos apresentam geometria e diametros similares, e possivel que o tratamento termico utilizado na liga (M-Wire) tenha influenciado o comportamento mecanico dos instrumentos analisados neste estudo.
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Salum, Graziela. « Avaliação da capacidade de corte e resistência à fadiga cíclica dos instrumentos Profile Vortex e ProTaper ». Universidade de Taubaté, 2012. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=604.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objetivo: Analisar in vitro a capacidade de corte e a resistência à fadiga cíclica dos sistemas rotatórios ProFile Vortex (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, USA) e ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Suíça). Metodologia: Para a análise da capacidade de corte, pesou-se em balança analítica digital cem blocos de resina fenólica que continham canais simulados com 75 de curvatura, obtendo-se os pesos iniciais (P0) e após a instrumentação dos canais, estes blocos foram novamente pesados obtendo-se os pesos finais (P1). Dividiram-se quarenta instrumentos em dois grupos. Grupo A: vinte instrumentos ProFile Vortex n25; 25mm; taper.06 e Grupo B: vinte instrumentos ProTaper F1; 25mm. Subdividiu-se em dois subgrupos com dez amostras cada, de acordo com o número de usos, sendo estabelecidos da seguinte maneira: grupos A0 e B0, instrumentos sem nenhum uso e grupos A5 e B5, instrumentos de cinco usos. Avaliou-se a resistência à fadiga cíclica submetendo-se todos os instrumentos a ensaio dinâmico, utilizando-se dispositivo desenvolvido para tal, até a ocorrência da fratura que foi constatada visualmente. O número de ciclos até a fratura assim como o tempo expresso em segundos foram registrados e realizou-se estatística descritiva, o teste `t de Student e o teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Em todos os blocos houve perda de peso, porém sem significado estatístico (Pvalor>0,05). Os instrumentos Profile Vortex removeram mais material e completaram maior número de ciclos até a fratura, com significância estatística (Pvalor>0,05) quando comparados com os instrumentos Protaper. Conclusão: A capacidade de corte em função do número de uso e a resistência à fadiga cíclica, nos parâmetros utilizados neste estudo, foram maiores para os instrumentos Profile Vortex quando comparados com os instrumentos Protaper.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the ability to cut and cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary systems ProFile Vortex (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, USA) and ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). Methods: To analyze the ability to cut weight in analytical scale digital block one hundred made of phenolic resin containing simulated channels 75 curvature obtaining to the initial weights (P0) and following the instrumentation of canals, these blocks were weighed again obtaining is the end weight (P1). Instruments forty were divided into two groups. Group A: twenty ProFile Vortex instruments n25, 25mm; taper.06 and Group B: twenty ProTaper instruments F1, 25mm. Subdivided into two subgroups with ten samples each, according to the number of uses, is established as follows: A0, B0 groups, without using tools and groups A5 and B5, five uses instruments. To evaluate the fatigue resistance cyclic submitting all the dynamic test instruments using device developed for this purpose, until the occurrence of fracture was observed visually. O number of cycles fracture to and the time in seconds were recorded and analysis descriptive, the `t Student test and Mann-Whitney. Results: In every block there was weight loss, however no statistical significance (Pvalor> 0.05). The Vortex Profile instruments removed more material and completed a greater number of cycles to fracture, with statistical significance when compared with the instruments Protaper (Pvalor> 0.05). Conclusions: The cutting ability the number of use and cyclic fatigue resistance, the parameters used in this study were higher for the Vortex Profile instruments when compared with Protaper instruments.
Livres sur le sujet "Instrumental profile"
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Specialists in Business Information, inc., dir. SBI market profile. New York : Specialists in Business Information, 1996.
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J, Murphy Patrick, FWG Associates et George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., dir. Analysis of wind profile measurements from an instrumented aircraft : Interim final report. Tullahoma, Tenn : FWG Associates, Inc., 1991.
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J, Lataitis R., Wilson J. J et Wave Propagation Laboratory, dir. Theory and performance of the WPL Crosswind Profiler Model II. Boulder, Colo : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Wave Propagation Laboratory, 1992.
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Nürnberg, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, dir. Atlas der Profile an Tasteninstrumenten vom 16. bis zum frühen 19. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M., West-Germany : Bochinsky, 1985.
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Montgomery, Ellyn T. The High Resolution Profiler (HRP) : User's guide and software modifications documentation. Woods Hole, Mass : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1991.
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Fiore, Lucio. Il mercato dei capitali : Profili istituzionali e strumenti operativi. Napoli : Liguori, 2004.
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Deines, Brad. Instrument pilot flight maneuvers : Step by step procedures plus profiles. Prescott, AZ (420 South Marina, #2, Prescott 86303) : Aero Tech Publications, 1992.
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FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health : A profile. [Washington, D.C.?] : The Center, 1995.
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Roe, Wayne I. A profile and assessment for manufacturers of medical devices and diagnostics : Preliminary report. Washington, DC (1030 15th St., N.W., Washington 20005) : The Association, 1985.
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Morlock, Scott E. Evaluation of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler measurements of river discharge. Indianapolis, Ind : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Instrumental profile"
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Rahman, Mohammad Shafiur, Zahir Humaid Al-Attabi, Nasser Al-Habsi et Mohammed Al-Khusaibi. « Measurement of Instrumental Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Foods ». Dans Techniques to Measure Food Safety and Quality, 427–65. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68636-9_17.
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Pikalov, K. N. « Correction of High Spatial Resolution Solar Surface Images for the Instrumental Profile and Atmospheric Function ». Dans Motions in the Solar Atmosphere, 263–66. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9331-1_24.
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Zuev, Alexander. « Chapter 6. Instrumental Contributions to the Line Profile in X-Ray Powder Diffraction. Example of the Diffractometer with Bragg–Brentano Geometry ». Dans Powder Diffraction, 166–205. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847558237-00166.
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Metcalfe, Mike. « Question Instruments ». Dans Forecasting Profit, 89–103. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2255-3_5.
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Westwater, E. D. R. « Profile Retrieval Estimation Techniques ». Dans Remote Sensing of Atmosphere and Ocean from Space : Models, Instruments and Techniques, 35–47. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48150-2_3.
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Grewal, Aditi Mehta, Sartaj Singh Grewal, Anchal Thakur, Amit Gupta et Chintan Malhotra. « Refractive Surgery : Basics of Laser Consoles and Ablation Profiles ». Dans Ophthalmic Instruments and Surgical Tools, 175–84. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7673-3_13.
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Reichmann, Thomas. « Instruments of Cost and Profit Controlling ». Dans Controlling, 93–131. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60769-1_13.
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Lasko, Wolf. « Nur ein präzises Angebot ist ein hochgradiges Akquisitions-Instrument ». Dans Akquisition - Auftrag - Profit, 113–26. Wiesbaden : Gabler Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-4361-3_7.
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Lasko, Wolf W., et Peter Busch. « Nur ein präzises Angebot ist ein hochgradiges Akquisitions-Instrument ». Dans Akquisition Auftrag Profit, 113–26. Wiesbaden : Gabler Verlag, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82403-5_8.
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Taudt, Christopher. « Related Works and Basic Considerations ». Dans Development and Characterization of a Dispersion-Encoded Method for Low-Coherence Interferometry, 5–37. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35926-3_2.
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AbstractThe characterization and measurement of surface profiles is one of the most basic metrology tasks in industrial manufacturing. What started with mechanical stylus profilometers has developed with ultrasonic transducers towards optical instruments. These are capable of appropriate resolutions to enable nanometrology, [14].
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Instrumental profile"
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Verdes, Carmen, Stefan Buehler et Klaus Kuenzi. « Derivation of molecular species profiles, atmospheric temperature profile, and instrumental pointing from SMILES instrument ». Dans International Symposium on Remote Sensing, sous la direction de Klaus P. Schaefer, Olga Lado-Bordowsky, Adolfo Comeron et Richard H. Picard. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.462393.
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Winkler, Roland, Genoveva Micheva, Steffen Frey, Olga Bellido-Tirado et Roelof S. de Jong. « The instrumental profile of the 4MOST facility ». Dans Modeling, Systems Engineering, and Project Management for Astronomy IX, sous la direction de George Z. Angeli et Philippe Dierickx. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2562998.
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Abrams, Mark C., Sumner P. Davis et James W. Brault. « Resolution enhancement in high resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy ». Dans OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.wi3.
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Fourier transform spectroscopy dominates the field of infrared high resolution spectroscopy; however, in many low temperature sources the line profile can be smaller than the instrumental profile producing heavily distorted spectra. The instrumental profile of FT IR instruments is a modified sine function and can greatly complicate the reduction of data taken with Fourier transform spectrometers. A technique for achieving modest resolution enhancement has been developed by modifying a nonlinear line profile fitting algorithm to fit only the spectral components present in the spectrum.
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Rebuffi, Luca, et Paolo Scardi. « Calculation of the instrumental profile function for a powder diffraction beamline used in nanocrystalline material research ». Dans SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, sous la direction de Manuel Sanchez del Rio et Oleg Chubar. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2063745.
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Korb, C. Laurence, et Chi Y. Weng. « Simulation of Lidar Pressure and Temperature Profile Measurements from the Earth Observing System (EOS) Satellite ». Dans Laser and Optical Remote Sensing : Instrumentation and Techniques. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.mc5.
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The atmospheric pressure and temperature fields are two of the basic variables of fundamental importance in meteorology, climate studies, and for all scales of weather forecasting. The pressure field is used to describe the state of the atmosphere, frontal characteristics and to determine mass movement. The temperature field is needed for determining tropopause height, the depth and structure of the planetary boundary layer, and frontal and air mass characteristics. This paper presents an analysis of the sensitivity and instrumental parameters needed for lidar differential absorption (DIAL) measurements of pressure and temperature from the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite. The proposed Lidar Atmospheric Sounder and Altimeter (LASA) facility on the EOS platform will allow global measurements of pressure and temperature profiles from a 700 km polar orbit.
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Murthy, S. V. Ramana, et S. Kishore Kumar. « Parametric Study of Axial Flow Turbine for Mean-Line Design and Blade Elements ». Dans ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9589.
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A parametric study is carried out for aerodynamic performance of turbines including geometrical requirements, thermal requirements, mechanical integrity and manufacturing requirements. Life cycle costs, product cycle time and weight are additional, possible criteria during the parametric study. Preliminary design plays an important role in reaching the final design of the turbine. Preliminary design steps calculate the mean dimensions of the machine. The main step in the aerodynamic design which is instrumental in providing desired performance is blade element profile generation. During the profile generation, in addition to aerodynamic performance, additional constraints for castability, structural requirements and thermal requirements need to be considered. Thus profile generation is a trade-off between contradicting requirements of aerodynamic performance, structural and thermal performance.
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Beuzit, J. L., N. Hubin, L. Demailly, E. Gendron, P. Gigan, F. Lacombe, D. Rouan et al. « ADONIS A user-friendly adaptive optics system for the ESO 3.6 m telescope ». Dans Adaptive Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/adop.1995.mc1.
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The first astronomical results obtained at the ESO 3.6 m telescope with the Come-On adaptive optics system demonstrated the impressive potential of this technique [1,2,3], A second generation of this system [4], called Come-On-Plus, has since been developed and tested at La Silla observatory [5], It is now the only system of this kind offered as a standard instrument to the European astronomical community. Nevertheless, adaptive optics remains a high technology technique which uses complex technology. Although the Come-On and Come-On-Plus systems have operated very smoothly during numerous observing runs since 1990, a fairly large team of qualified personnel was required to operate the whole system. Several instrumental parameters have to be optimised according to astronomical requirements and prevailing atmospheric conditions. These include the magnitude and colour of the reference star, the wavelength of the observed object and its angular separation from the reference, and the atmospheric turbulence profile. With the previous Come-On-Plus system this optimisation was difficult to achieve and has given rise to somewhat inefficient use of telescope time. The experience gained with this system has led to the concept of ADONIS (ADaptive Optics Near Infrared System), which is intended to improve the performance, versatility and operational efficiency. A further general objective is to develop operational procedures and to test technical concepts that can be later applied to the adaptive optics system for the ESO Very Large Telescope.
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Bennett, Jean M., J. Merle Elson, Philip C. Archibald, Charles L. Schaub, Hugh L. Garvin, Virgil Elings et Kevin Kjoller. « Comparison of scanning tunneling microscope profiles and Talystep mechanical profiler measurements of gratings and low-scatter surfaces ». Dans OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fq5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Several low-scatter optical surfaces and ion-etched gratings have been profiled by using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) or atomic force microscope (AFM) and a conventional Talystep mechanical surface profiler with a diamond stylus. Lateral resolution was not a problem with the low-scatter optical surfaces; the polished fused silica surface had about the same roughness on an atomic lateral resolution scale as it did on the macroscopic scale of the diamond stylus profiler. The ion-etched gratings had a period of 0.7 μm and a groove depth of ~2500 Å. The groove shape and depth could not be measured with the diamond-stylus profiler because the grooves were only partially resolved with a "shovel-shaped" stylus having a short radius (~0.2 μm). However, once the true shape was measured with the STM, the approximate profile that would be recorded by a diamond stylus profiler could be calculated. This calculation showed that it is not possible to guess the shape of the part of the groove that is not contacted by the diamond stylus by means of a mechanical-profiler measurement alone. Representative profiles taken with both types of instruments will be shown and compared.
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Loychik, Neil, Mathieu Barraja, Afzal Khan, R. Ryan Vallance, Eric R. Marsh et Dave A. Arneson. « Mechanical Design of a Precision Instrument for Measuring the Roundness Profiles of Micro Shafts ». Dans ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21101.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper presents a new instrument for measuring roundness profiles of axially symmetric micro shafts with diameters below 250 micrometers. The instrument will measure form error in cutting tools used for micro machining, small-hole metrology probes, and other high aspect ratio micro structures. This instrument operates on the same physical principle as scanning tunneling microscopes, which measure surface topography using fluctuations in tunneling of electrons between probe and sample. The instrument will measure roundness profiles using a fixed-sensitive-direction arrangement of the detector, similar to macro scale metrology instruments. Challenges resulting from dimensional scaling necessitate an entirely new instrument compared to conventional instruments. We describe the need for this instrument, its working principle, architecture, the design of the traction drive mechanism, and the design of the nano positioning stages.
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Bennett, Jean M., Thomas C. Bristow, Kevork Arackellian et James C. Wyant. « Surface Profiling With Optical and Mechanical Instruments ». Dans Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1986.thb4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Two types of interferometers and a mechanical stylus-type instrument have been used to make surface profile measurements on the same samples. All had comparable height sensitivities, of the order of 1 Å rms, but different lateral resolutions. The Optel profilometer1 is based on the principle of the Nomarski differential interference contrast microscope in which two beams of light separated by 0.3 μm are measured by two detectors. Values of the surface slope are calculated from the detector signals; integration yields a surface profile. The Wyko heterodyne profilometer2 is based on the Mireau interferometer. One light beam is reflected from the sample while a second beam is diverted by a beam splitter to a reference mirror located between the microscope objective lens and the sample. A 1024 element linear diode array measures the phase of the interference fringe pattern which is then transformed into a surface profile. In the Talystep instrument3 a 1 μm radius diamond stylus contacts the surface with a 1-2 mg loading that is light enough not to damage the surface. The vertical motion of the stylus as it moves across the surface is converted into a digitized electrical signal that directly gives the surface profile. Results of measurements made on different types of surfaces using the three instruments will be compared to show repeatability, height sensitivity, and lateral resolution. Special features of each instrument will also be discussed.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Instrumental profile"
1
Steenhuis, Tammo S., Israela Ravina, Jean-Yves Parlange, Rony Wallach et Larry D. Geohring. Improving Preferential Flow Modules by Experimentation. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570552.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Preferential flow is the process whereby water and solutes move by preferred pathways. During preferential flow, local wetting fronts propagate to considerable depths in the soil profile, essentially bypassing the matrix pore space. Under such conditions classical methods, such as the convective-dispersive equation, for quantifying flow of water and solutes in uniform soils are not valid. This project set out to develop methods to predict fast and early breakthrough of solutes. To facilitate understanding of these processes, several field drainage studies were conducted in the United States and Israel. In both countries, solutes moved rapidly down and could be found below 1 m depth soon after application. Based on these experiments, we developed and validated a number of modules to predict the solute concentration of the preferentially moving water in the vadose zone. We also successfully simulatd the initial high solute concentration in agriculturel tile lines shortly after the chemical was applied. The understanding gained on fast transport of agri-chemicals is instrumental in developing management practices to reduce the nonpoint sources and to increase the leaching efficiency of salt affected soils.
2
Cadeddu, Maria P., et Jim Liljegren. Microwave Radiometer Profiler (MWRP) Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1424403.
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Gu, Yuanyuan, et Jhorland Ayala-García. Emigration and Tax Revenue. Banco de la República de Colombia, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.312.
Texte intégralRésumé :
According to the World Migration Report 2020, the number of international migrants increased from 84 million in 1970 to 272 million in 2019, accounting for 3.5% of the world’s population. This paper investigates the aggregated effect of emigration on the tax revenue of sending countries with a focus on developing nations. Using a gravity approach, we construct a time-varying exogenous instrument out of geographic time-invariant dyadic characteristics that allow us to estimate the predicted emigration rate for every country. Then, we follow an instrumental variable approach where we use our predicted emigration rate as an instrument of the observed migration rate. The results show that the predicted emigration rate is a good instrument of the current emigration rate for developing countries, and that there is a positive aggregated effect of emigration on tax revenue of sending countries. The results vary depending on the type of tax: emigration increases goods and services tax revenue, but it decreases income, profit, and capital gains tax revenue.
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Coulter, Richard L. Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) Wind Profiler Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1251389.
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Toole, John M., et Daniel E. Frye. Acquisition of Moored Velocity Profiler Instruments in Support of Finescale Studies of the Littoral Ocean. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628613.
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Toole, John M., Richard A. Krishfield et Fredrik T. Acquisition of Ice-Tethered Profilers with Velocity (ITP-V) Instruments as a contribution to the Marginal Ice Zone DRI. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601322.
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Wehr, Tobias, dir. EarthCARE Mission Requirements Document. European Space Agency, novembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.earthcare-mrd.2006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ESA's EarthCARE (Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer) mission - scheduled to be launched in 2024 - is the largest and most complex Earth Explorer to date and will advance our understanding of the role that clouds and aerosols play in reflecting incident solar radiation back into space and trapping infrared radiation emitted from Earth's surface. The mission is being implemented in cooperation with JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). It carries four scientific instruments. The Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID), operating at 355 nm wavelength and equipped with a high-spectral resolution and depolarisation receiver, measures profiles of aerosols and thin clouds. The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR, contribution of JAXA), operates at 94 GHz to measure clouds and precipitation, as well as vertical motion through its Doppler functionality. The Multi-Spectral Imager provides across-track information of clouds and aerosols. The Broad-Band Radiometer (BBR) measures the outgoing reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation in order to derive broad-band radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere. The Mission Requirement Document defines the scientific mission objectives and observational requirements of EarthCARE. The document has been written by the ESA-JAXA Joint Mission Advisory Group for EarthCARE.
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Sanz, E., P. Alonso, B. Haidar, H. Ghaemi et L. García. Key performance indicators (KPIs). Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/prodphd.2021.9.002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The project “Social network tools and procedures for developing entrepreneurial skills in PhD programmes” (prodPhD) aims to implement innovative social network-based methodologies for teaching and learning entrepreneurship in PhD programmes. The multidisciplinary teaching and learning methodologies to be developed will enable entrepreneurship education to be introduced into any PhD programme, providing students with the knowledge, skills, and motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, the use of the output of the project will depend on the nature and profile of the research or scientific field. In this context, key performance indicators (KPIs) form the base on which the quality and scope of the methodologies developed in the project will be quantified and benchmarked. The project’s final product will be an online tool that higher education students can use to learn entrepreneurship from a social network perspective. Performance measurement is one of the first steps of any project and involves the choice and use of indicators to measure the effectiveness and success of the project’s methods and results. All the KPIs have been selected according to criteria of relevance, measurability, reliability, and adequacy, and they cover the process, dissemination methods, and overall quality of the project. In this document, each KPI is defined together with the units and instruments for measuring it. In the case of qualitative KPIs, five-level Likert scales are defined to improve indicator measurability and reliability. The KPIs for prodPhD are divided into three main dimensions, depending on the stage of the project they evaluate. The three main dimensions are performance and development (which are highly related to the project’s process), dissemination and impact (which are more closely correlated with the project’s output), and overall project quality. Different sources (i.e., European projects and papers) have been drawn upon to define a set of 51 KPIs classified into six categories, according to the project phase they aim to evaluate. An Excel tool has been developed that collects all the KPIs analysed in the production of this document. This tool is shared in the Scipedia repository.
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Toole, John M., Richard A. Krishfield, Sylvia T. Cole, Fredrik T. Thwaites et Mary-Louise Timmermans. Autonomous Observations of the Upper Ocean Stratification and Velocity Fields About the Seasonally-Retreating Marginal Ice Zone. Acquisition of Ice-Tethered Profilers with Velocity (ITP-V) Instruments as a Contribution to the Marginal Ice Zone DRI. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572579.
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Lazonick, William, et Matt Hopkins. Why the CHIPS Are Down : Stock Buybacks and Subsidies in the U.S. Semiconductor Industry. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp165.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) is promoting the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for America Act, introduced in Congress in June 2020. An SIA press release describes the bill as “bipartisan legislation that would invest tens of billions of dollars in semiconductor manufacturing incentives and research initiatives over the next 5-10 years to strengthen and sustain American leadership in chip technology, which is essential to our country’s economy and national security.” On June 8, 2021, the Senate approved $52 billion for the CHIPS for America Act, dedicated to supporting the U.S. semiconductor industry over the next decade. As of this writing, the Act awaits approval in the House of Representatives. This paper highlights a curious paradox: Most of the SIA corporate members now lobbying for the CHIPS for America Act have squandered past support that the U.S. semiconductor industry has received from the U.S. government for decades by using their corporate cash to do buybacks to boost their own companies’ stock prices. Among the SIA corporate signatories of the letter to President Biden, the five largest stock repurchasers—Intel, IBM, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, and Broadcom—did a combined $249 billion in buybacks over the decade 2011-2020, equal to 71 percent of their profits and almost five times the subsidies over the next decade for which the SIA is lobbying. In addition, among the members of the Semiconductors in America Coalition (SIAC), formed specifically in May 2021 to lobby Congress for the passage of the CHIPS for America Act, are Apple, Microsoft, Cisco, and Google. These firms spent a combined $633 billion on buybacks during 2011-2020. That is about 12 times the government subsidies provided under the CHIPS for America Act to support semiconductor fabrication in the United States in the upcoming decade. If the Congress wants to achieve the legislation’s stated purpose of promoting major new investments in semiconductors, it needs to deal with this paradox. It could, for example, require the SIA and SIAC to extract pledges from its member corporations that they will cease doing stock buybacks as open-market repurchases over the next ten years. Such regulation could be a first step in rescinding Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b-18, which has since 1982 been a major cause of extreme income inequality and loss of global industrial competitiveness in the United States.