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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Insects production »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Insects production"

Patouma, Lewa, Elias Nchiwan Nukenine, Ibrahima Adamou et Champlain Djieto-Lordon. « Caractérisation de l’entomofaune de la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) en champ dans la localité de Meskine, région de l’Extrême-nord, Cameroun ». International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n^o 6 (6 octobre 2020) : 2069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.11.

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La localité de Meskine à Maroua, longtemps considérée comme une zone céréalière de l’Extrême-nord du Cameroun, est devenue, de nos jours, une région de production de tomate par excellence. Les producteurs de cette culture font face à plusieurs contraintes parmi lesquelles les activités des insectes ravageurs. Dans le but de contribuer à l’amélioration de la production de cette culture, la présente étude a permis d’établir une liste des insectes ravageurs et utiles pullulant dans les champs de tomate. Les insectes, collectés par aspiration et par fauchage, ont été identifiés dans les laboratoires de Zoologie appliquée des universités de Ngaoundéré et Yaoundé I au Cameroun. L’inventaire a montré que les insectes inféodés à la culture de la tomate dans la localité de Meskine à Maroua sont représentés par huit (8) ordres, vingt-une (21) familles et vingt-deux (22) genres. Ces insectes. Bien que la majorité de ces insectes soit des ravageurs, on note la présence de quelques prédateurs et pollinisateurs. La détermination de l’entomofaune de la culture de tomate dans cette localité est un outil qui peut ainsi servir à la conception de stratégies de lutte contre les ravageurs. Mots clés: Lycopersicon esculentum, insectes ravageurs, insectes prédateurs, Maroua. English Title: Entomofauna associated to the tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in the locality of Meskine, Far North region, Cameroon Meskine in the Far North region, Cameroon has long been considered as cereal zone production. This locality has become today a region of tomato production per excellence. Farmers in this locality are faced to many constrains among which activities of insect pests. In order to improve the production of this crop, the present study allows us to establish a list of potential insect pests and benefit insects of tomato crops. Insects collected using aspirator and sweep net were identified in the laboratories of applied Zoology at the Universities of Ngaoundéré and Yaoundé I, Cameroon. The results of our study showed that, insects associated to tomatoes in the locality of Meskine were from eight (8) orders, twenty-one (21) families and twenty-two (22) genera. Although the majority of these insects were represented by potential insect pests, some predators and pollinators were recorded. The establishment of the lists of harmful and benefits insects associated to the tomato crop in this locality can therefore be used to design strategies for the management of insect pests.Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum, insect pests, predator insects, Maroua

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Styer, E. L., et J. J. Hamm. « Detection and Identification of Viruses in Economically Important Insects ». Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (août 2000) : 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600035820.

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Economically important insects include pests of plants, animals and stored products as well as insects produced commercially (honey bees, silkworms, insects for fish bait and food for birds and zoo animals). Other insects are produced in large numbers for experimental purposes, biological control of insect pests and weeds and the production of sterile insects for population suppression. Insect viruses may affect morphology, physiology and behavior, often reducing longevity and reproductive potential. Thus insect viruses can be used as biological control agents of pest insects. Insect viruses may also interfere with the production or function of biological control agents (e.g., parasitoids and predators) and insects used for research purposes. Therefore, it is advantageous to screen commercial and research colonies and imported insects for viruses.Electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens (NS EM) offers a relatively rapid and inexpensive means of screening populations of insects for the presence of viruses or viruslike particles and to monitor the progress of virus control programs.

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Pinotti, L., et M. Ottoboni. « Substrate as insect feed for bio-mass production ». Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, n^o 5 (13 août 2021) : 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0110.

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Insects are able to convert organic material (i.e. waste and by products) into high-quality biomass, which can be processed into animal feed. Several studies have investigated the influence of growing substrates on the nutritional value of different insect species, particularly black soldier fly larvae and prepupae. This article reviews studies on how insects bioconvert different substrates, the effect of the substrate on the composition of insect meals, and on the development time (time needed to reach the harvesting state). All these studies indicate that insects convert low and high quality organic material (i.e. waste, by products, compound feeds) into high-quality insect biomass. The role and effects of selected nutrients, such as ether extract/fats, carbohydrates and fibre in the substrate, seem to be key factors in defining the features of the biomass as well as the time needed to reach the harvesting state.

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DiGiacomo, K., H. Akit et B. J. Leury. « Insects : a novel animal-feed protein source for the Australian market ». Animal Production Science 59, n^o 11 (2019) : 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19301.

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The increasing demands on natural resources to provide food and feed has led to increased global initiatives to improve production sustainability and efficiency. The use of insects as an alternate source of protein for human food and production-animal feed is one such avenue gaining attention. With there being a large variety of insect species endemic to each region, there is likely to be an ideal candidate for each specific production system and region. Insects require less land and water than do terrestrial animals, have high feed-conversion efficiency (FCE) and emit low levels of greenhouse gases (GHG). Insect species currently investigated for mass production include black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), mealworms and crickets. In western societies, it is less likely that wide-scale adoption of insects as a food source will occur, although speciality products with ‘hidden’ insects, such as cricket flour, are commercially available. It is likely to be more achievable for insects to be included into the diets of production and companion animals. While there has been significant investment in research and development of large-scale insect-production systems, such facilities are yet to start producing at a significant scale. The safety and efficacy of insects as a food or feed must be established in conjunction with the development of mass rearing facilities and the optimisation of insect-rearing substrates. Insects also have nutraceutical properties that may have beneficial impacts on animal health and growth, with scope for these properties to be exploited as feed or food additives. The present review will explore the following question: ‘are insects a future livestock industry for Australia?’.

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Moon, Tasfia Tasnim, Ishrat Jahan Maliha, Abdullah Al Moin Khan, Moutoshi Chakraborty, Md Sharaf Uddin, Md Ruhul Amin et Tofazzal Islam. « CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Insect Pest Stress Management in Crop Plants ». Stresses 2, n^o 4 (7 décembre 2022) : 493–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses2040034.

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Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects. Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on hazardous synthetic insecticides. Using the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas technology to develop insect-resistant plants appears to be highly efficient at lowering production costs and increasing farm profitability. The genomes of both a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, and major phytophagous insect genera, viz. Spodoptera, Helicoverpa, Nilaparvata, Locusta, Tribolium, Agrotis, etc., were successfully edited by the CRISPR-Cas toolkits. This new method, however, has the ability to alter an insect’s DNA in order to either induce a gene drive or overcome an insect’s tolerance to certain insecticides. The rapid progress in the methodologies of CRISPR technology and their diverse applications show a high promise in the development of insect-resistant plant varieties or other strategies for the sustainable management of insect pests to ensure food security. This paper reviewed and critically discussed the use of CRISPR-Cas genome-editing technology in long-term insect pest management. The emphasis of this review was on the prospective uses of the CRISPR-Cas system for insect stress management in crop production through the creation of genome-edited crop plants or insects. The potential and the difficulties of using CRISPR-Cas technology to reduce pest stress in crop plants were critically examined and discussed.

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Indriati, G., Susilawati, M. Puspitasari, F. Soesanthy et C. Tresniawati. « Insect diversity on toxic candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) plantation in Bajawa, East Nusa Tenggara ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 974, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 012131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012131.

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Abstract Toxic candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) is an important plantation commodity that serves as barrier to prevent erosion, as main material for bio-pesticides and as renewable source of biofuel production. It has been studied that toxic candlenut development in post-mining field can restore soil structure while also influencing environment surrounding, including insects. The study examined insect diversity in the R. trisperma plantation aged ±7 years in Bajawa field, East Nusa Tenggara from July 2018 until February 2019. Insect were collected by installed malaise traps, yellow traps, and pitfall traps in 5 different plots A, B, C, D, and E for 24 hours. Collected insects were then identified in the laboratory using identification book. The results showed there were 13 orders of insects were collected by traps. The diversity index (H’) of insect in the area were 4.053; 3.305; 3.521; 2.973 and 2.611 while the Evenness index (E) of insect were 0.872; 0.836; 0.780; 0.665 and 0.614 respectively. Insect diversity in the Bajawa plantation was high and the dominan individual was Hymenopteran and Dipteran. Several insects were in R. trisperma plant, as herbivores, predators, parasitoids, and pollinators. Further research is needed to determine each family of insect’s role in the R. trisperma plantation.

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Nguyen, Hoang Chinh, Ngoc Tuan Nguyen, Chia-Hung Su, Fu-Ming Wang, Tuyet Nhung Tran, Ying-Tzu Liao et Shih-Hsiang Liang. « Biodiesel Production from Insects : From Organic Waste to Renewable Energy ». Current Organic Chemistry 23, n^o 14 (16 octobre 2019) : 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190422125120.

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The conversion of organic wastes into biodiesel has become an attractive solution to address waste surplus problems and energy depletion. Oleaginous insects can degrade various organic wastes to accumulate fat-based biomass, thus serving as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, the use of insects fed on organic waste for biodiesel production has increasingly attracted considerable investigations. In recent years, different insect species have been studied for their efficiency in converting various organic wastes and for producing biodiesel from their fat. Several methods have been developed for biodiesel production from insects to improve yields and reduce production costs and environmental impacts. This review summarizes the latest findings of the use of insects for converting organic wastes into biodiesel. The production processes and fuel properties of biodiesel produced from insects are also discussed.

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Rumpold, B. A., et A. van Huis. « Education as a key to promoting insects as food ». Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, n^o 6 (11 septembre 2021) : 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2021.x007.

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Children in tropical countries have always eaten insects but are now often discouraged from doing so. Recently, the idea of the consumption of insects has been re-introduced as an answer to malnutrition since edible insects are a potential alternative and sustainable protein and food source. However, in countries where the consumption of insects is not traditional, there is a lack of acceptance as well as skills when it comes to preparing a meal with insects. Examples of experiments from different parts of the world are given, where children in schools are educated about the nutritional and environmental benefits of eating insects. In general, after the experience, children are more positive about the idea of eating insects. It is stipulated that insects as food could be a very good entry point for the discussion about our future food supply. Furthermore, with the increasing commercial production of edible insects, there is an increasing demand for skilled workers in the insect production industry. Essential to the promotion of insect consumption are the development of curricula and educational materials for vocational education, training of insect farmers, and general education in primary and secondary schools as well as tertiary education.

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Eilenberg, J., J. M. Vlak, C. Nielsen-LeRoux, S. Cappellozza et A. B. Jensen. « Diseases in insects produced for food and feed ». Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1, n^o 2 (1 janvier 2015) : 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2014.0022.

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Increased production of insects on a large scale for food and feed will likely lead to many novel challenges, including problems with diseases. We provide an overview of important groups of insect pathogens, which can cause disease in insects produced for food and feed. Main characteristics of each pathogen group (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes) are described and illustrated, with a selection of examples from the most commonly produced insect species for food and feed. Honeybee and silkworm are mostly produced for other reasons than as human food, yet we can still use them as examples to learn about emergence of new diseases in production insects. Results from a 2014 survey about insect diseases in current insect production systems are presented for the first time. Finally, we give some recommendations for the prevention and control of insect diseases.

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Berggren, Å., A. Jansson et M. Low. « Using current systems to inform rearing facility design in the insect-as-food industry ». Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 4, n^o 3 (30 août 2018) : 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2017.0076.

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As wild harvesting of insects gives way to mass rearing, there is an urgent need to develop expertise and methods in insect animal husbandry and facility design. In order to advance the science of animal husbandry and production in this field, comparisons and contrasts of different insect rearing facilities currently in production are likely to be beneficial. Here we initiate this discussion by suggesting a focus on insect rearing facilities at the two ends of the production scale spectrum (small-scale rearing and mass rearing) that have different end products (insects-as-food and insects for other purposes). We suggest that organisations with a philosophy of information sharing (e.g. universities) need to play an active role in this developing production system, by bridging gaps between academia, industry and traditional knowledge to ensure a rapid and societally acceptable development of wide-scale entomophagy.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Insects production"

Rethwisch, Michael D. « Insects Affecting Commercial Jojoba Production in Arizona ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215741.

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Jacobi, David Ira. « Life histories and secondary production of mayflies in a southeastern US blackwater stream ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25391.

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Bandani, Ali Reza. « Production and function of metabolites by the entomopathogenous fungi, Tolypocladium spp ». Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270304.

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Stout, Benjamin Mortimer. « Effects of forest disturbance on shredder production in headwater streams ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39796.

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McNett, Gabriel Dion. « Noise and signal transmission properties as agents of selection in the vibrational communication environment ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4677.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 25, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Webb, Karen Lynn. « The quantitative genetics of sound production in Gryllus firmus / ». Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59905.

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The species-specific calling songs of male crickets are used by females for species recognition and mate choice. Heritabilities of variation of morphological structures involved in song production, components of the calling song, and body size were estimated for G.firmus. All morphological structures were shown to possess significant additive genetic variation (h$ sp2 sb{ rm S+D} > 0.42)$. One of the five song components examined, pulse rate, was shown to have a significant heritability (h$ sp2 sb{ rm S+D}$ = 0.35). Due to the low correlation between body size and song components, it is unlikely that female G.firmus could use the calling song to assess male body size or wing morph (micropterous or macropterous).

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Beckers, Oliver M. Schul Johannes. « The evolutionary significance of developmental plasticity in the communication system of Neoconocephalus triops (Orthoptera : tettigoniidae) ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7202.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Johannes Schul. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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McBride, James Alexander. « Factors influencing the honeydew production of Ultracoelostoma scale insects in New Zealand beech forests ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8106.

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In New Zealand Nothofagus forests Ultracoelostoma spp. scale insects produce abundant honeydew which is an important food for native birds, invertebrates, sooty mould, and invasive wasps. Previous models have underestimated honeydew production, potentially because they do not allow for the flow rate of honeydew to vary between insects based on characteristics such as insect size. This research focused on honeydew production rates at the level of the individual insect, how insect characteristics influence production, and whether the strongest predictor of production, ambient air temperature, acts directly on insects or indirectly via effects on trees. Finding out how temperature acts to increase honeydew production will better reveal the physiological processes involved. The study site was Mt. Richardson, Canterbury. In the first part of this study, during March-April 2012, daily mean ambient temperature (range 7.2 – 15.1 °C) had a positive relationship with honeydew production. Insect size positively influenced production at high temperatures, with the largest insects producing 0.296 µg insect⁻¹ h⁻¹ and the smallest insects 0.115 µg insect⁻¹ h⁻¹ at the highest temperature, 15.1 °C. In the second part of this study, during October 2012-January 2013, I manipulated temperature on areas of tree trunk using reflective or clear plastic covers, creating a mean temperature difference of 1.1 °C. However, the effects of tree and insect temperature could not be separated as there was no relationship between either manipulated or ambient temperature and honeydew production. These results show that honeydew production is influenced by individual insect characteristics. This will be important for future models of production. The results also show contradictory effects of temperature on honeydew production, perhaps because of interactions with other unknown factors, which bears further investigation.

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Rethwisch, Michael D., et Jessica L. Grudovich. « Evaluation of Mustang Max 0.8 EW on insects associated with bermudagrass seed production, 2003 ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203875.

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Two rates of the insect active ingredient zetacypermethrin (MustangMax) were evaluated for control of summer insect pests on bermudagrass, with application made about one month prior to harvest. Crop was 22 inches tall when treatments were applied and had a dense stand, which also intercepted much of the treatment. Little difference existed between the two rates of zetacypermethrin in this study. Treatments reduced planthopper numbers by slightly over 50% for the first 9 days after application. Reduction of bermudagrass mirid populations was 45% at two days post treatment, but numbers of this insect were numerically higher in MustangMax treated plants than in untreated plots at subsequent sample dates. Treatments also resulted in significantly lower numbers of damsel bugs and minute pirate bugs at two days post treatment, while only reducing grass thrips numbers by about 20% through 13 days after application. Bark lice were more prevalent in the treated plots, thought due to a reduction of predatory beneficial insects. More effectiveness from this chemistry would be expected earlier in the growing season when plants are shorter, therefore allowing greater coverage and contact with insects as this chemistry is not systemic.

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Palumbo, John C. « Review of New Insecticides Under Field Development for Desert Vegetable and Melon Production ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221606.

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The efficacy and field performance of new insecticides for control of insects on vegetables and melons under desert growing conditions has been investigated in small plot trials for the past several years at the Yuma Agricultural Center. Our objective has been to determine how new chemistries will fit into the growers management programs in Arizona. Thus, our research programs have been focused on studies to determine how to integrate these new chemicals into our local management programs in the most cost/effective way possible. This document was created to provide you with an overview of new insecticide chemistries being developed by the Agrichemical Industry for use in vegetables. The first part of this report concisely describes the new types of chemistries being developed The tabular information presented is a summary of the efficacy and activity of the new compounds based on research we have conducted at the Yuma Agricultural Center.

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Livres sur le sujet "Insects production"

West, Allen. A review of insects affecting production of willows. St. John's, Newfoundland : Canadian Forestry Service, Newfoundland Forestry Center, 1985.

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Churcher, J. J. Insects affecting seed production of spruce in Ontario. [Toronto] : Ontario, Ministry of Natural Resources, 1985.

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van Huis, Arnold, et Jeffery K. Tomberlin, dir. Insects as food and feed : from production to consumption. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-849-0.

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Montanari, Francesco, Ana Pinto de Moura et Luís Miguel Cunha. Production and Commercialization of Insects as Food and Feed. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68406-8.

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Eldridge, Jan Louise. Aquatic invertebrates important for waterfowl production. [Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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Sakis, Drosopoulos, et Claridge Michael F, dir. Insect sounds and communication : Physiology, behaviour, ecology, and evolution. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Hakubutsukan, Ōsaka Shiritsu Shizenshi, et Ōsaka Shizenshi Sentā, dir. Naku mushi serekushon : Oto ni kiku mushi no sekai. Kanagawa-ken Hadano-shi : Tōkai Daigaku Shuppankai, 2008.

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Hakubutsukan, Ōsaka Shiritsu Shizenshi, et Ōsaka Shizenshi Sentā, dir. Naku mushi serekushon : Oto ni kiku mushi no sekai. Kanagawa-ken Hadano-shi : Tōkai Daigaku Shuppankai, 2008.

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D, Butler M., et Oregon State University. Extension Service., dir. Insects and ergot in Kentucky bluegrass seed production fields in the Pacific Northwest. [Corvallis, Or.] : Oregon State University Extension Service, 2002.

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Insect musicians and cricket champions cultural history of singing insects in China and Japan. San Francisco, CA : China Books, 1996.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Insects production"

Oonincx, Dennis G. A. B. « Environmental impact of insect rearing. » Dans Insects as animal feed : novel ingredients for use in pet, aquaculture and livestock diets, 53–59. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245929.0007.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the environmental impact of insect rearing. Direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from insects used as feed or food are discussed and data from life cycle assessments (LCAs) on commercially farmed insects are discussed per species. The relevance of the utilized feed on the environmental impact of insects and their derived products, including suggestions to lower this impact are also discussed. It is concluded that land use associated with insect production generally seems low, compared to conventional feed and food products. The EU (expressed as fossil fuel depletion) of insect production is often high compared to conventional products. To a large extent this is because several LCAs have been conducted for systems in temperate climates, which require extensive climate control.

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Bjone, Hanna, et Elaine C. Fitches. « Which insect species and why ? » Dans Insects as animal feed : novel ingredients for use in pet, aquaculture and livestock diets, 8–16. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245929.0002.

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Abstract This chapter describes the common features determining the suitability of insects for small- and industrial-scale farming, the main insect species currently being produced on a large scale for feed production and other potential candidate species. Natural consumption of insects by animals and which insects are suitable for which animal feed is also briefly discussed.

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Kuney, Douglas R. « External Parasites, Insects,and Rodents ». Dans Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production, 169–84. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0811-3_12.

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Montanari, Francesco, Ana Pinto de Moura et Luís Miguel Cunha. « Insects as Food and Feed ». Dans Production and Commercialization of Insects as Food and Feed, 3–18. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68406-8_2.

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Maillard, Frédéric, Catherine Macombe, Joel Aubin, Hedi Romdhana et Samir Mezdour. « Mealworm Larvae Production Systems : Management Scenarios ». Dans Edible Insects in Sustainable Food Systems, 277–301. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74011-9_17.

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van der Meijden, Eddy. « Herbivorous Insects—A Threat for Crop Production ». Dans Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions, 103–14. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_12.

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Akram, Rida, Khizer Amanet, Javed Iqbal, Maham Fatima, Muhammad Mubeen, Sajjad Hussain, Musaddiq Ali et al. « Climate Change, Insects and Global Food Production ». Dans Climate Change and Ecosystems, 47–60. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003286400-3.

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Heckmann, Lars-Henrik, Jonas Lembcke Andersen, Natasja Gianotten, Margje Calis, Christian Holst Fischer et Hans Calis. « Sustainable Mealworm Production for Feed and Food ». Dans Edible Insects in Sustainable Food Systems, 321–28. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74011-9_19.

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Kenis, Marc, Bawoubati Bouwassi, Hettie Boafo, Emilie Devic, Richou Han, Gabriel Koko, N’Golopé Koné et al. « Small-Scale Fly Larvae Production for Animal Feed ». Dans Edible Insects in Sustainable Food Systems, 239–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74011-9_15.

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Kenis, Marc, Sètchémè C. B. Pomalégni, Fernand Sankara, Emmanuel K. Nkegbe et Gabriel K. D. Koko. « Insect production and utilization of insect products in Africa. » Dans Insects as animal feed : novel ingredients for use in pet, aquaculture and livestock diets, 75–78. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245929.0010.

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Abstract This chapter describes the production, processing, nutritive value and use of termites, houseflies, black soldier flies, locusts, grasshoppers and other insects as fish and livestock feed in Africa.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Insects production"

Foster, Rick. « Managing Insects on Fresh Market Sweet Corn ». Dans Proceedings of the 1992 Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-469.

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Rice, Marlin E. « Field Crop Insects- Research Results and Management Recommendations ». Dans Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-365.

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Higley, Leon G., et Thomas E. Hunt. « Early Season Soybean Insects : Past Problems and Future Risk ». Dans Proceedings of the 1992 Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-465.

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Rice, Marlin E. « The Insects of 1993 : A Review of Problems and Management Strategies ». Dans Proceedings of the 1992 Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-449.

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Rice, Marlin E. « The Insects of 1992 : A Review of Problems and Management Strategies ». Dans Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-386.

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Pulsifer, Drew P., Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Jayant Kumar, Thomas C. Baker et Raúl J. Martín-Palma. « Toward pest control via mass production of realistic decoys of insects ». Dans SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, sous la direction de Akhlesh Lakhtakia. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.915924.

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Hansen, L. S., S. F. Laursen, S. Bahrndorff, M. Kargo, T. N. Kristensen, G. Sahana, J. G. Sørensen et H. M. Nielsen. « 614. Towards selective breeding in insects – estimating genetic parameters with individual-level phenotypes and pedigree ». Dans World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_614.

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McEachern, Travis R., et Morgan D. Hayes. « Technical Note : Building a Gradient Calorimeter for Measuring Heat Production in Insects ». Dans 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018. St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201800026.

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Yazici, Gamze Nil, et Mehmet Sertac Ozer. « Using Edible Insects in the Production of Cookies, Biscuits, and Crackers : A Review ». Dans Foods 2021. Basel Switzerland : MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods2021-10974.

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Moradi-Vajargah, Mona. « Measuring the ‘health’ of beneficial insects : Linking pest control services and sustainable crop production ». Dans 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113373.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Insects production"

Gaines, W. L. Secondary production of benthic insects in three cold-desert streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juillet 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6361630.

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Morin, Shai, Gregory Walker, Linda Walling et Asaph Aharoni. Identifying Arabidopsis thaliana Defense Genes to Phloem-feeding Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, février 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699836.bard.

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The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a serious agricultural pest that afflicts a wide variety of ornamental and vegetable crop species. To enable survival on a great diversity of host plants, whiteflies must have the ability to avoid or detoxify numerous different plant defensive chemicals. Such toxins include a group of insect-deterrent molecules called glucosinolates (GSs), which also provide the pungent taste of Brassica vegetables such as radish and cabbage. In our BARD grant, we used the whitefly B. tabaci and Arabidopsis (a Brassica plant model) defense mutants and transgenic lines, to gain comprehensive understanding both on plant defense pathways against whiteflies and whitefly defense strategies against plants. Our major focus was on GSs. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulating high levels of GSs. At the first step, we examined how exposure to high levels of GSs affects decision making and performance of whiteflies when provided plants with normal levels or high levels of GSs. Our major conclusions can be divided into three: (I) exposure to plants accumulating high levels of GSs, negatively affected the performance of both whitefly adult females and immature; (II) whitefly adult females are likely to be capable of sensing different levels of GSs in their host plants and are able to choose, for oviposition, the host plant on which their offspring survive and develop better (preference-performance relationship); (III) the dual presence of plants with normal levels and high levels of GSs, confused whitefly adult females, and led to difficulties in making a choice between the different host plants. These findings have an applicative perspective. Whiteflies are known as a serious pest of Brassica cropping systems. If the differences found here on adjacent small plants translate to field situations, intercropping with closely-related Brassica cultivars could negatively influence whitefly population build-up. At the second step, we characterized the defensive mechanisms whiteflies use to detoxify GSs and other plant toxins. We identified five detoxification genes, which can be considered as putative "key" general induced detoxifiers because their expression-levels responded to several unrelated plant toxic compounds. This knowledge is currently used (using new funding) to develop a new technology that will allow the production of pestresistant crops capable of protecting themselves from whiteflies by silencing insect detoxification genes without which successful host utilization can not occur. Finally, we made an effort to identify defense genes that deter whitefly performance, by infesting with whiteflies, wild-type and defense mutated Arabidopsis plants. The infested plants were used to construct deep-sequencing expression libraries. The 30- 50 million sequence reads per library, provide an unbiased and quantitative assessment of gene expression and contain sequences from both Arabidopsis and whiteflies. Therefore, the libraries give us sequence data that can be mined for both the plant and insect gene expression responses. An intensive analysis of these datasets is underway. We also conducted electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings of whiteflies feeding on Arabidopsis wild-type and defense mutant plants in order to determine the time-point and feeding behavior in which plant-defense genes are expressed. We are in the process of analyzing the recordings and calculating 125 feeding behavior parameters for each whitefly. From the analyses conducted so far we conclude that the Arabidopsis defense mutants do not affect adult feeding behavior in the same manner that they affect immatures development. Analysis of the immatures feeding behavior is not yet completed, but if it shows the same disconnect between feeding behavior data and developmental rate data, we would conclude that the differences in the defense mutants are due to a qualitative effect based on the chemical constituency of the phloem sap.

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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka et Daniel Segal. Isolation, Purification and Sequence Determination of Pheromonotropic-Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695850.bard.

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Moths constitute a major group of pest insects in agriculture. Pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates, which is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). Our working hypothesis was that, since the emission of sex-pheromone is necessary to attract a mate, then failure to produce and emit pheromone is a potential strategy for manipulating adult moth behavior. The project aimed at identifying, characterising and determining the sequence of specific receptors responsible for the interaction with pheromonotropic neuropeptide/s using two related moth species: Helicoverpa armigera and H. lea as model insects. We established specific binding to a membrane protein estimated at 50 kDa in mature adult females using a photoaffinity-biotin probe for PBAN. We showed that JH is required for the up-regulation of this putative receptor protein. In vitro studies established that the binding initiates a cascade of second messengers including channel opening for calcium ions and intracellular cAMP production. Pharmacological studies (using sodium fluoride) established that the receptor is coupled to a G-protein, that is, the pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide receptor (PBAN-R) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)'s. We showed that PBAN-like peptides are present in Drosophila melanogaster based on bioassay and immunocytochemical data. Using the annotated genome of D. melanogaster to search for a GPCR, we found that some were similar to neuromedin U- receptors of vertebrates, which contain a similar C-terminal ending as PBAN. We established that neuromedin U does indeed induce pheromone biosynthesis and cAMP production. Using a PCR based cloning strategy and mRNA isolated from pheromone glands of H. zea, we successfully identified a gene encoding a GPCR from pheromone glands. The full-length PBAN-R was subsequently cloned and expressed in Sf9 insect cells and was shown to mobilize calcium in response to PBAN in a dose-dependent manner. The successful progress in the identification of a gene, encoding a GPCR for the neurohormone, PBAN, provides a basis for the design of a novel battery of compounds that will specifically antagonize pheromone production. Furthermore, since PBAN belongs to a family of insect neuropeptides with more than one function in different life stages, this rationale may be extended to other physiological key-regulatory processes in different insects.

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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael E. Adams, Boaz Shaanan, Oren Froy, Dalia Gordon, Daewoo Lee et Yong Zhao. Interacting Domains of Anti-Insect Scorpion Toxins and their Sodium Channel Binding Sites : Structure, Cooperative Interactions with Agrochemicals, and Application. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585190.bard.

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Integrated pest management in modern crop protection may combine chemical and biological insecticides, particularly due to the risks to the environment and livestock arising from the massive use of non-selective chemicals. Thus, there is a need for safer alternatives, which target insects more specifically. Scorpions produce anti-insect selective polypeptide toxins that are biodegradable and non-toxic to warm-blooded animals. Therefore, integration of these substances into insect pest control strategies is of major importance. Moreover, clarification of the molecular basis of this selectivity may provide valuable information pertinent to their receptor sites and to the future design of peptidomimetic anti-insect specific substances. These toxins may also be important for reducing the current overuse of chemical insecticides if they produce a synergistic effect with conventional pesticides. Based on these considerations, our major objectives were: 1) To elucidate the three-dimensional structure and toxic-site of scorpion excitatory, "depressant, and anti-insect alpha toxins. 2) To obtain an initial view to the sodium channel recognition sites of the above toxins by generating peptide decoys through a phage display system. 3) To investigate the synergism between toxins and chemical insecticides. Our approach was to develop a suitable expression system for toxin production in a recombinant form and for elucidation of toxin bioactive sites via mutagenesis. In parallel, the mode of action and synergistic effects of scorpion insecticidal toxins with pyrethroids were studied at the sodium channel level using electrophysiological methods. Objective 1 was achieved for the alpha toxin, LqhaIT Zilberberg et al., 1996, 1997; Tugarinov et al., 1997; Froy et al., 2002), and the excitatory toxin, Bj-xtrIT (Oren et al., 1998; Froy et al., 1999; unpublished data). The bioactive surface of the depressant toxin, LqhIT2, has been clarified and a crystal of the toxin is now being analyzed (unpublished). Objective 2 was not successful thus far as no phages that recognize the toxins were obtained. We therefore initiated recently an alternative approach, which is introduction of mutations into recombinant channels and creation of channel chimeras. Objective 3 was undertaken at Riverside and the results demonstrated synergism between LqhaIT or AaIT and pyrethroids (Lee et al., 2002). Furthermore, negative cross-resistance between pyrethroids and scorpion toxins (LqhaIT and AaIT) was demonstrated at the molecular level. Although our study did not yield a product, it paves the way for future design of selective pesticides by capitalizing on the natural competence of scorpion toxins to distinguish between sodium channels of insects and vertebrates. We also show that future application of anti-insect toxins may enable to decrease the amounts of chemical pesticides due to their synergism.

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Brice, Jeremy. Investment, power and protein in sub-Saharan Africa. Sous la direction de Tara Garnett. TABLE, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/d8817170.

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The place of protein in sub-Saharan Africa’s food system is changing rapidly, raising complex international development, global health and environmental sustainability issues. Despite substantial growth in the region’s livestock agriculture sector, protein consumption per capita remains low, and high levels of undernourishment persist. Meanwhile sub-Saharan Africa’s population is growing and urbanising rapidly, creating expectations that demand for protein will increase rapidly over the coming decades and triggering calls for further investment in the expansion and intensification of the region’s meat and dairy sector. However, growing disquiet over the environmental impacts of further expansion in livestock numbers, and growing sales of alternative protein products in the Global North, has raised questions about the future place of plant-based, insect and lab-grown proteins in African diets and food systems. This report examines financial investment in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins from the position that investors play an important role in shaping the development of diets and food systems because they are able to mobilise the financial resources required to develop new protein products, infrastructures and value chains, or to prevent their development by withholding investment. It therefore investigates which actors are financing the production in sub-Saharan Africa of: a) animal proteins such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products; b) ‘protein crops’ such as beans, pulses and legumes; and c) processed ‘alternative proteins’ derived from plants, insects, microbes or animal cells grown in a tissue culture. Through analysing investment by state, philanthropic and private sector organisations – as well as multilateral financial institutions such as development banks – it aims to establish which protein sources and stages of the value chain are financed by different groups of investors and to explore the values and goals which shape their investment decisions. To this end, the report examines four questions: 1. Who is currently investing in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa? 2. What goals do these investors aim to achieve (or what sort of future do they seek to bring about) through making these investments? 3. Which protein sources and protein production systems do they finance? 4. What theory of change links their investment strategy to these goals? In addressing these questions, this report explores what sorts of protein production and provisioning systems different investor groups might be helping to bring into being in sub-Saharan Africa. It also considers what alternative possibilities might be marginalised due to a lack of investment. It thus seeks to understand whose priorities, preferences and visions for the future of food might be informing the changing place of protein in the region’s diets, economies and food systems.

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Ullman, Diane E., Benjamin Raccah, John Sherwood, Meir Klein, Yehezkiel Antignus et Abed Gera. Tomato Spotted Wilt Tosporvirus and its Thrips Vectors : Epidemiology, Insect/Virus Interactions and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573062.bard.

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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to study thrips-TSWV relationships and their role in the epidemiology of the virus with the aim of using this knowledge to reduce crop losses occurring due to epidemics. Our specific objectives were: To determine the major factors involved in virus outbreaks, including: a) identifying the thrips species involved in virus dissemination and their relative role in virus spread; b) determining the virus sources among wild and cultivated plants throughout the season and their role in virus spread, and, c) determining how temperature and molecular variations in isolates impact virus replication in plants and insects and impact the transmission cycle. Background to the topic. Tospoviruses are among the most important emerging plant viruses that impact production of agricultural and ornamental crops. Evolution of tospoviruses and their relationships with thrips vector species have been of great interest because of crop damage caused world wide and the complete absence of suitable methods of control. Tospoviruses threaten crops in Israel and the United States. By understanding the factors contributing to epidemics and the specific relationships between thrips species and particular tospoviruses we hope that new strategies for control can be developed that will benefit agriculture in both Israel and the United States. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We determined that at least three tospoviruses were involved in epidemics in Israel and the United States, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). We detected and characterized INSV for the first time in Israel and, through our efforts, IYSV was detected and characterized for the first time in both countries. We demonstrated that many thrips species were present in commercial production areas and trap color influenced thrips catch. Frankliniella occidentalis was the major vector species of INSV and TSWV and populations varied in transmission efficiency. Thrips tabaci is the sole known vector of IYSV and experiments in both countries indicated that F. occidentalis is not a vector of this new tospovirus. Alternate plant hosts were identified for each virus. A new monitoring system combining sticky cards and petunia indicator plants was developed to identify sources of infective thrips. This system has been highly successful in the U.S. and was used to demonstrate to growers that removal of plant sources of infective thrips has a dramatic impact on virus incidence. Finally, a putative thrips receptor mediating acquisition of TSWV was discovered. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Our findings have contributed to new control measures that will benefit agriculture. Identification of a putative thrips receptor for TSWV and our findings relative to thrips/tospovirus specificity have implications for development of innovative new control strategies.

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Elissen, Hellen, Stefan Hol et Rommie van der Weide. Methane production from insect, worm and mushroom waste streams and combinations. Wageningen : Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business Unit Field Crops, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/515048.

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Hol, Stefan, Hellen Elissen et Rommie van der Weide. Combined digestion of insect frass and cow manure for biogas production. Wageningen : Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business unit Open Teelten, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/584607.

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Rafaeli, Ada, et Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species : Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.

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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.

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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall et Dalia Gordon. face of interaction of anti-insect selective toxins with receptor site-3 on voltage-gated sodium channels as a platform for design of novel selective insecticides. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699857.bard.

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Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) play a pivotal role in excitability and are a prime target of insecticides like pyrethroids. Yet, these insecticides are non-specific due to conservation of Navs in animals, raising risks to the environment and humans. Moreover, insecticide overuse leads to resistance buildup among insect pests, which increases misuse and risks. This sad reality demands novel, more selective, insect killers whose alternative use would avoid or reduce this pressure. As highly selective insect toxins exist in venomous animals, why not exploit this gift of nature and harness them in insect pest control? Many of these peptide toxins target Navs, and since their direct use via transformed crop plants or mediator microorganisms is problematic in public opinion, we focus on the elucidation of their receptor binding sites with the incentive of raising knowledge for design of toxin peptide mimetics. This approach is preferred nowadays by agro-industries in terms of future production expenses and public concern. However, characterization of a non-continuous epitope, that is the channel receptor binding site for such toxins, requires a suitable experimental system. We have established such a system within more than a decade and reached the stage where we employ a number of different insect-selective toxins for the identification of their receptor sites on Navs. Among these toxins we wish to focus on those that bind at receptor site-3 and inhibit Nav inactivation because: (1) We established efficient experimental systems for production and manipulation of site-3 toxins from scorpions and sea anemones. These peptides vary in size and structure but compete for site-3 on insect Navs. Moreover, these toxins exhibit synergism with pyrethroids and with other channel ligands; (2) We determined their bioactive surfaces towards insect and mammalian receptors (see list of publications); (3) We found that despite the similar mode of action on channel inactivation, the preference of the toxins for insect and mammalian channel subtypes varies greatly, which can direct us to structural features in the basis of selectivity; (4) We have identified by channel loop swapping and point mutagenesis extracellular segments of the Navinvolved with receptor site-3. On this basis and using channel scanning mutagenesis, neurotoxin binding, electrophysiological analyses, and structural data we offer: (i) To identify the residues that form receptor site-3 at insect and mammalian Navs; (ii) To identify by comparative analysis differences at site-3 that dictate selectivity toward various Navs; (iii) To exploit the known toxin structures and bioactive surfaces for modeling their docking at the insect and mammalian channel receptors. The results of this study will enable rational design of novel anti-insect peptide mimetics with minimized risks to human health and to the environment. We anticipate that the release of receptor site-3 molecular details would initiate a worldwide effort to design peptide mimetics for that site. This will establish new strategies in insect pest control using alternative insecticides and the combined use of compounds that interact allosterically leading to increased efficiency and reduced risks to humans or resistance buildup among insect pests.

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