Articles de revues : « Informatique spatiale »

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Châtaignier, Christine, et Michel Plateaux. « Analyse spatiale des habitats rubanés et informatique ». Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 83, n^o 10 (1986) : 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1986.8707.

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Nyandue Ompola, José. « La cartographie numérique et son apport dans l’organisation du recensement en République Démocratique du Congo ». Revue Congolaise des Sciences & ; Technologies 01, n^o 02 (20 novembre 2022) : 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59228/rcst.022.v1.i2.14.

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La cartographie assisté par l’ordinateur (CAO) repose sur l’utilisation des systèmes d’information géographique, des images à haute résolution ainsi que des récepteurs GPS (systèmes de positionnement universel) pour le levé des coordonnées géographiques x et y. Ce qui conduit à une analyse spatiale à partir des images acquises et à l’utilisation des technologies géo-spatiales, ceux-ci entrainent la production des cartes, pour qu’elles soient produites par des moyens informatisés, il faut disposer des couches des données standards tels que le shape file de limite administrative, des routes, des villes, des territoires et des hydrographies qui constituent la base des activités de cartographie de recensement et de collecte des données. Le traitement automatique des données issues des activités en amont de cartographie de recensement présente à la fois deux avantages, le premier est lié à l’efficacité, qui se traduit par la quantité de résultats pouvant être obtenus par unité d’intrants, cela montre que l’on peut en faire plus en moindre coût, d’une part, l’avantage lié à l’utilité se traduit par des effets des programmes qui bénéficient d’informations améliorées, d’autre part. La cartographie numérique de recensement est ainsi une cartographie assistée par ordinateur, elle fait appel à une technologie informatique et en tire parti des nouvelles technologies géo-spatiales pour réaliser plus rapidement de meilleures cartes et améliorer la qualité globale des données de recensement que sa mise à jour. Mots clés: Télédétection, analyse spatiale, imagerie satellite et aérienne

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DABILGOU, Téré, Oumar SANOGO, S. Augustin Zongo, Tizane Daho, Belkacem Zeghmati, Jean KOULIDIATI et Antoine BERE. « Modélisation thermodynamique de combustion mono-zone de biodiesels dans un moteur diesel et estimation théorique des émissions potentielles ». Journal de Physique de la SOAPHYS 2, n^o 1a (13 février 2021) : C20A10–1—C20A10–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46411/jpsoaphys.2020.01.10.

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Dans le présent travail, un modèle thermodynamique de combustion à zone unique pour le carburant diesel et le biodiesel a été mis en oeuvre pour prédire la pression du cylindre afin de mieux comprendre la combustion caractéristique des différents carburants testés dans un moteur diesel et d’analyser les performances caractéristiques d'un même moteur fonctionnant avec différents types de carburants. Il s’est agi également d’évaluer les émissions potentielles de ces carburants lors de leurs combustions dans le moteur diesel. L'évaluation du modèle est faite en fonction de la complexité temporelle, de la complexité spatiale et de la précision de la prédiction à l'aide du programme informatique développé sous MATLAB. Les résultats du présent modèle montrent que les évolutions de la pression du cylindre ainsi que la température du cylindre ont été reproduites avec une bonne précision. En outre, la comparaison entre les paramètres de performance simulés et expérimentaux du moteur a montré une bonne concordance. Les resultatas montrent également des réductions des émissions polluantes avec l’utilisation des carburants alternatifs comparés au diesel.

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Secretan, Y., M. Leclerc, S. Duchesne et M. Heniche. « Une méthodologie de modélisation numérique de terrain pour la simulation hydrodynamique bidimensionnelle ». Revue des sciences de l'eau 14, n^o 2 (12 avril 2005) : 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705417ar.

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L'article pose la problématique de la construction du Modèle Numérique de Terrain (MNT) dans le contexte d'études hydrauliques à deux dimensions, ici reliées aux inondations. La difficulté est liée à l'hétérogénéité des ensembles de données qui diffèrent en précision, en couverture spatiale, en répartition et en densité, ainsi qu'en géoréférentiation, notamment. Dans le cadre d'un exercice de modélisation hydrodynamique, toute la région à l'étude doit être documentée et l'information portée sur un support homogène. L'article propose une stratégie efficace supportée par un outil informatique, le MODELEUR, qui permet de fusionner rapidement les divers ensembles disponibles pour chaque variable qu'elle soit scalaire comme la topographie ou vectorielle comme le vent, d'en préserver l'intégrité et d'y donner accès efficacement à toutes les étapes du processus d'analyse et de modélisation. Ainsi, quelle que soit l'utilisation environnementale du modèle numérique de terrain (planification d'aménagement, conservation d'habitats, inondations, sédimentologie), la méthode permet de travailler avec la projection des données sur un support homogène de type maillage d'éléments finis et de conserver intégralement l'original comme référence. Cette méthode est basée sur une partition du domaine d'analyse par type d'information : topographie, substrat, rugosité de surface, etc.. Une partition est composée de sous-domaines et chacun associe un jeu de données à une portion du domaine d'analyse par un procédé déclaratoire. Ce modèle conceptuel forme à notre sens le MNT proprement dit. Le processus de transfert des données des partitions à un maillage d'analyse est considéré comme un résultat du MNT et non le MNT lui-même. Il est réalisé à l'aide d'une technique d'interpolation comme la méthode des éléments finis. Suite aux crues du Saguenay en 1996, la méthode a pu être testée et validée pour en démontrer l'efficacité. Cet exemple nous sert d'illustration.

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Baccino, Thierry. « Contrôle d'un pointage avec souris informatique et codage spatial ». L'année psychologique 94, n^o 1 (1994) : 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/psy.1994.28731.

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Ma, Qingyu, Hong Yang, Kun Xie, Zhenyu Wang et Xianbiao Hu. « Taxicab crashes modeling with informative spatial autocorrelation ». Accident Analysis & ; Prevention 131 (octobre 2019) : 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.07.016.

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Jones, Chanon M., Rob Gray, Charles Spence et Hong Z. Tan. « Directing visual attention with spatially informative and spatially noninformative tactile cues ». Experimental Brain Research 186, n^o 4 (26 janvier 2008) : 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1277-0.

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Charbonneau, Nathalie, Léon Robichaud et Joanne Burgess. « Le modèle numérique 4D : un outil de diffusion et de communication au service de l’historien ». Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 25, n^o 2 (2 septembre 2015) : 233–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032847ar.

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Le modèle numérique 4D constitue depuis quelques années un nouvel outil de recherche, de communication et de diffusion pour les historiens dont les travaux incluent une composante relative au patrimoine bâti. Ce type de modèle prend en considération la dimension temporelle du cadre bâti, c’est à dire l’évolution de la morphologie du lieu. Il permet par ailleurs de rendre compte de la multiplicité des hypothèses de restitution et des liens existant entre informations spatiales et sources documentaires. Le modèle 4D peut être accessible par le biais d’un environnement numérique interactif. Nous nous intéressons à la réponse de l’humain face à de tels systèmes informatiques. Nous cherchons à vérifier dans quelle mesure le modèle 4D pourrait contribuer à bonifier la communication d’une part entre l’historien et l’apprenant et, d’autre part, entre des historiens appartenant à un groupe de chercheurs. Notre intérêt porte également sur une optimisation des modalités de communication entre l’historien et le développeur informatique, afin que le chercheur en histoire soit en mesure de s’approprier les technologies numériques de façon plus probante. Une étude de cas nous amène à développer et à mettre à l’essai un environnement numérique 4D afin d’examiner ces divers types de communication.

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Shu, Wen, Peng Liu, Guojin He et Guizhou Wang. « Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Spectral-Spatial Features With Informative Samples ». IEEE Access 7 (2019) : 20869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2894766.

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Haksar, Ravi N., Sebastian Trimpe et Mac Schwager. « Spatial Scheduling of Informative Meetings for Multi-Agent Persistent Coverage ». IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 5, n^o 2 (avril 2020) : 3027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2974715.

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Reich, Brian J., et Dipankar Bandyopadhyay. « A latent factor model for spatial data with informative missingness ». Annals of Applied Statistics 4, n^o 1 (mars 2010) : 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-aoas278.

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Vukosav, Branimir, et Borna Fuerst-Bjeliš. « Medijska percepcija prostornih identiteta : konstrukcija imaginativne karte dalmatinske unutrašnjosti ». Geoadria 20, n^o 1 (4 mars 2015) : 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.29.

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The aim of the paper is to use the selected informative medium as a source of data about spatial perceptions of five areas in the dalmatian hinterland – Zagora, Bukovica, Ravni kotari, Zabiokovlje, Neretva area. Analysing the archives of the selected media source, a detailed set of criteria is used to extract and spatially classify the relevant geographic names in order to define the extents of perception of the mentioned regions as cognitive models (the concept of vernacular region). The acquired results for the five vernacular regions, standardized on the level of administrative units, are used to construct an imaginative map of the Dalmatian hinterland as a reflection of the collective imagery of the regions’ spatial extent.

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Jeffery, Kate J. « Cognitive representations of spatial location ». Brain and Neuroscience Advances 2 (janvier 2018) : 239821281881068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212818810686.

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Spatial memory has fascinated psychologists ever since the discipline began, but a series of findings beginning in the middle of last century propelled its study into the domain of neuroscience and helped bring about the cognitive revolution in psychology. Starting with the discovery that the hippocampus plays a central role in memory, particularly spatial memory, studies of the mammalian hippocampus and related regions over the latter half of the century slowly uncovered an extensive neural system involved in processing place, head direction, objects, speed and other spatially informative parameters. Meanwhile, the concurrent discovery of hippocampal synaptic plasticity allowed theoreticians and experimentalists to collaborate in linking spatial perception and memory, and genetic techniques developed towards the end of the century opened the door to circuit dissections of these processes. Building on these discoveries, spatial cognition and episodic memory may be the first cognitive competences understood across all levels from molecules to behaviour.

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Harris, Paul, Bruno Lanfranco, Binbin Lu et Alexis Comber. « Influence of Geographical Effects in Hedonic Pricing Models for Grass-Fed Cattle in Uruguay ». Agriculture 10, n^o 7 (15 juillet 2020) : 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070299.

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A series of non-spatial and spatial hedonic models of feeding and replacement cattle prices at video auctions in Uruguay (2002 to 2009) were specified with predictors measuring marketing conditions (e.g., steer price), cattle characteristics (e.g., breed) and agro-ecological factors (e.g., soil productivity, water characteristics, pasture condition, season). Results indicated that cattle prices produced under extensive production systems were influenced by all of predictor categories, confirming that found previously. Although many of the agro-ecological predictors were inherently spatial in nature, the incorporation of spatial effects into the estimation of the hedonic model itself, through either a spatially-autocorrelated error term or allowing the regression coefficients to vary spatially and at different scales, was able to provide greater insight into the cattle price process. Through the latter extension, using a multiscale geographically weighted regression, which was the most informative and most accurate model, relationships between cattle price and predictors operated at a mixture of global, regional, local and highly local spatial scales. This result is considered a key advance, where uncovering, interpreting, and utilizing such rich spatial information can help improve the geographical provenance of Uruguayan beef and is critically important for maintaining Uruguay’s status as a key exporter of beef with respect to the health and safety benefits of natural, open-sky, grass-fed production systems.

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Wang, Xianyue, Longxia Qian, Mei Hong et Yifan Liu. « Dual Homogeneous Patches-Based Band Selection Methodology for Hyperspectral Classification ». Remote Sensing 15, n^o 15 (1 août 2023) : 3841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15153841.

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Homogeneous band- or pixel-based feature selection, which exploits the difference between spectral or spatial regions to select informative and low-redundant bands, has been extensively studied in classifying hyperspectral images (HSIs). Although many models have proven effective, they rarely simultaneously exploit homogeneous spatial and spectral information, which are beneficial to extract potential low-dimensional characteristics even under noise. Moreover, the employed vectorial transformation and unordered assumption destroy the implicit knowledge of HSIs. To solve these issues, a dual homogeneous pixel patches-based methodology termed PHSIMR was created for selecting the most representative, low-redundant, and informative bands, integrating hybrid superpixelwise adjacent band grouping and regional informative mutuality ranking algorithms. Specifically, the adjoining band grouping technique is designed to group adjacent bands into connected clusters with a small homogeneous pixel patch containing several homolabeled adjacent spatial points. Hence, the processing is efficient, and the superpixelwise adjoining band grouping can perceptually and quickly acquire connected band groups. Furthermore, the constructed graph and affiliated group avoid vectorial transformation and unordered assumption, protecting spectral and spatial contextual information. Then, the regional informative mutuality ranking algorithm is employed on another larger pixel patch within each homogeneous band group, acquiring the final representative, low-redundant, and informative band subset. Since the employed dual patches consist of homolabeled spatial pixels, PHSIMR is a supervised methodology. Comparative experiments on three benchmark HSIs were performed to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed PHSIMR.

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Chan, Jason S., et Fiona N. Newell. « The effect of non-informative spatial sounds on haptic scene recognition ». International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems 6, n^o 4 (2013) : 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaacs.2013.056820.

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Cerasti, Erika, et Alessandro Treves. « How Informative Are Spatial CA3 Representations Established by the Dentate Gyrus ? » PLoS Computational Biology 6, n^o 4 (29 avril 2010) : e1000759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000759.

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Mayer, Andrew R., Alexandre R. Franco et Deborah L. Harrington. « Neuronal modulation of auditory attention by informative and uninformative spatial cues ». Human Brain Mapping 30, n^o 5 (mai 2009) : 1652–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20631.

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Singh, A., A. Krause, C. Guestrin et W. J. Kaiser. « Efficient Informative Sensing using Multiple Robots ». Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 34 (27 avril 2009) : 707–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2674.

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The need for efficient monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics in large environmental applications, such as the water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes, motivates the use of robotic sensors in order to achieve sufficient spatial coverage. Typically, these robots have bounded resources, such as limited battery or limited amounts of time to obtain measurements. Thus, careful coordination of their paths is required in order to maximize the amount of information collected, while respecting the resource constraints. In this paper, we present an efficient approach for near-optimally solving the NP-hard optimization problem of planning such informative paths. In particular, we first develop eSIP (efficient Single-robot Informative Path planning), an approximation algorithm for optimizing the path of a single robot. Hereby, we use a Gaussian Process to model the underlying phenomenon, and use the mutual information between the visited locations and remainder of the space to quantify the amount of information collected. We prove that the mutual information collected using paths obtained by using eSIP is close to the information obtained by an optimal solution. We then provide a general technique, sequential allocation, which can be used to extend any single robot planning algorithm, such as eSIP, for the multi-robot problem. This procedure approximately generalizes any guarantees for the single-robot problem to the multi-robot case. We extensively evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on several experiments performed in-field for two important environmental sensing applications, lake and river monitoring, and simulation experiments performed using several real world sensor network data sets.

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Malcolm, Brenda, Karen Reilly, Jérémie Mattout, Roméo Salemme, Olivier Bertrand, Michael S. Beauchamp, Tony Ro et Alessandro Farnè. « The hands have it : Hand specific vision of touch enhances touch perception and somatosensory evoked potential ». Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646659.

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Our ability to accurately discriminate information from one sensory modality is often influenced by information from the other senses. Previous research indicates that tactile perception on the hand may be enhanced if participants look at a hand (compared to a neutral object) and if visual information about the origin of touch conveys temporal and/or spatial congruency. The current experiment further assessed the effects of non-informative vision on tactile perception. Participants made speeded discrimination responses (digit 2 or digit 5 of their right hand) to supra-threshold electro-cutaneous stimulation while viewing a video showing a pointer, in a static position or moving (dynamic), towards the same or different digit of a hand or to the corresponding spatial location on a non-corporeal object (engine). Therefore, besides manipulating whether a visual contact was spatially congruent to the simultaneously felt touch, we also manipulated the nature of the recipient object (hand vs. engine). Behaviourally, the temporal cues provided by the dynamic visual information about an upcoming touch decreased reaction times. Additionally, a greater enhancement in tactile discrimination was present when participants viewed a spatially congruent contact compared to a spatially incongruent contact. Most importantly, this visually driven improvement was greater for the view-hand condition compared to the view-object condition. Spatially-congruent, hand-specific visual events also produced the greatest amplitude in the P50 somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). We conclude that tactile perception is enhanced when vision provides non-predictive spatio-temporal cues and that these effects are specifically enhanced when viewing a hand.

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Pandey, Biraj, Marius Pachitariu, Bingni W. Brunton et Kameron Decker Harris. « Structured random receptive fields enable informative sensory encodings ». PLOS Computational Biology 18, n^o 10 (10 octobre 2022) : e1010484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010484.

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Brains must represent the outside world so that animals survive and thrive. In early sensory systems, neural populations have diverse receptive fields structured to detect important features in inputs, yet significant variability has been ignored in classical models of sensory neurons. We model neuronal receptive fields as random, variable samples from parameterized distributions and demonstrate this model in two sensory modalities using data from insect mechanosensors and mammalian primary visual cortex. Our approach leads to a significant theoretical connection between the foundational concepts of receptive fields and random features, a leading theory for understanding artificial neural networks. The modeled neurons perform a randomized wavelet transform on inputs, which removes high frequency noise and boosts the signal. Further, these random feature neurons enable learning from fewer training samples and with smaller networks in artificial tasks. This structured random model of receptive fields provides a unifying, mathematically tractable framework to understand sensory encodings across both spatial and temporal domains.

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Yazdi, Maryam, Roya Kelishadi, Volker Schmid, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh, Ramin Heshmat et Marjan Mansourian. « Geographic risk of general and abdominal obesity and related determinants in Iranian children and adolescents : CASPIAN-IV Study ». Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 26, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2020) : 1532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.054.

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Background: Obesity, as a risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases, is a common public health problem in developed and developing countries. Among Iranian children and adolescents, the prevalence of being overweight has increased by almost 50% in the past two decades. Aims: To visualize the geographic differences in general and abdominal obesity risks and related determinants among Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: Participants consisted of 14 880 students, aged 7–19 years, living in urban and rural areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Spatial patterns of obesity and its association with related risk factors were identified using Bayesian spatial modeling. Results: The highest spatial risks of general obesity (odds ratio 1.21–1.66 for males and 1.81–2.02 for females) and abdominal obesity (odds ratio 1.20–1.82 for males and 1.25–1.78 for females) were observed in the north, northwest and southwest of the country. Risk of obesity was significantly higher in areas with a higher rate of urban residence, active current smokers and prolonged screen time. Conclusion: Identification of high-risk regions for obesity and spatially related risk factors can be used as informative tools for decision-making and planning in health systems at national and subnational levels.

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Sun, Alexander, Paul A. Parker et Scott H. Holan. « Analysis of Household Pulse Survey Public-Use Microdata via Unit-Level Models for Informative Sampling ». Stats 5, n^o 1 (7 février 2022) : 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats5010010.

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The Household Pulse Survey, recently released by the U.S. Census Bureau, gathers information about the respondents’ experiences regarding employment status, food security, housing, physical and mental health, access to health care, and education disruption. Design-based estimates are produced for all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC), as well as 15 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Using public-use microdata, this paper explores the effectiveness of using unit-level model-based estimators that incorporate spatial dependence for the Household Pulse Survey. In particular, we consider Bayesian hierarchical model-based spatial estimates for both a binomial and a multinomial response under informative sampling. Importantly, we demonstrate that these models can be easily estimated using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo through the Stan software package. In doing so, these models can readily be implemented in a production environment. For both the binomial and multinomial responses, an empirical simulation study is conducted, which compares spatial and non-spatial models. Finally, using public-use Household Pulse Survey micro-data, we provide an analysis that compares both design-based and model-based estimators and demonstrates a reduction in standard errors for the model-based approaches.

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Kravtsova, N. S., R. A. Paringer et A. V. Kupriyanov. « PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFORMATIVE AREAS GENERATION METHOD IN THE SPATIAL SPECTRUM DOMAIN ». Computer Optics 41, n^o 4 (1 janvier 2017) : 585–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2017-41-4-585-587.

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Volcic, Robert, Joram J. van Rheede, Albert Postma et Astrid M. L. Kappers. « Differential effects of non-informative vision and visual interference on haptic spatial processing ». Experimental Brain Research 190, n^o 1 (14 juin 2008) : 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1447-0.

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Cardini, Flavia, Patrick Haggard et Elisabetta Ladavas. « Seeing and feeling for self and other : Proprioceptive spatial location determines multisensory enhancement of touch ». Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012) : 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647469.

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In the Visual Enhancement of Touch (VET), simply viewing one’s hand improves tactile spatial perception, even though vision is non-informative. While previous studies had suggested that looking at another person’s hand could also enhance tactile perception, no previous study had systematically investigated the differences between viewing one’s body and someone else’s. The aim of this study was to shed light on the relation between visuo–tactile interactions and the self-other distinction. In Experiment 1 we manipulated the spatial location where a hand was seen. Viewing one’s hand enhanced tactile acuity relative to viewing a neutral object, but only when the image of the hand was spatially aligned with the actual location of the participant’s unseen hand. The VET effect did not occur when one’s hand was viewed at a location other than that experienced proprioceptively. In contrast, viewing another’s hand produced enhanced tactile perception irrespective of spatial location. In Experiment 2, we used a multisensory stimulation technique, known as Visual Remapping of Touch, to reduce perceived spatial misalignment of vision and touch. When participants saw an image of their own hand being touched at the same time as the tactile stimulation, the reduction in perceived misalignment caused VET effect to return, even though the spatial location of the images was not consistent with the actual body posture. Our results suggest that multisensory modulation of touch depends on a representation of one’s body that is fundamentally spatial in nature. In contrast, representation of others is free from this spatial constraint.

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Tsutsumida, N., S. Nagai, P. Rodríguez-Veiga, J. Katagi, K. Nasahara et T. Tadono. « MAPPING SPATIAL ACCURACY OF FOREST TYPE CLASSIFICATION IN JAXA’s HIGH-RESOLUTION LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAP ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3/W1 (1 mars 2019) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-3-w1-57-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Accuracy assessment of forest type maps is essential to evaluate the classification of forest ecosystems quantitatively. However, map users do not understand in which regions those forest types are well classified from conventional static accuracy measures. Hence, the objective of this study is to unveil spatial heterogeneities of accuracies of forest type classification in a map. Four forest types (deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF), deciduous needleleaf forest (DNF), evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF), and evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF)) found in the JAXA’s land use / cover map of Japan were assessed by a volunteered Site-based dataset for Assessment of Changing LAnd cover by JAXA (SACLAJ). A geographically weighted (GW) correspondence matrix was applied to them to calculate the degree of overall agreements of forest type classes (forest overall accuracy), and the degree of accuracy for each forest class (forest user’s and producer’s accuracies) in a spatially varying way. This study compared spatial surfaces of these measures with static ones of them. The results show that the forest overall accuracy of the forest map tends to be relatively more accurate in the central Japan, while less in the Kansai and Chubu regions and the northern edge of Hokkaido. Static forest user’s accuracy measures for DBF, DNF, and ENF are better than forest producer’s accuracy ones, while the GW approach tells us such characteristics vary spatially and some areas have opposite trends. This kind of spatial accuracy assessment provides a more informative description of the accuracy than the simple use of conventional accuracy measures.</p>

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Worschech, Franziska, et Ulrich Ansorge. « Top-Down Search for Color Prevents Voluntary Directing of Attention to Informative Singleton Cues ». Experimental Psychology 59, n^o 3 (1 janvier 2012) : 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000138.

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Visuo-spatial attention can be directed in a top-down controlled way to search for color targets and it can be captured by color contrasts, regardless of color identity. Here we tested whether participants can both search for a particular color target (e.g., red) and make use of a color-contrast cue that predicted the target’s most likely position to direct their attention voluntarily. Our results show that this was impossible for the participants. Results support that top-down search for particular colors is incommensurate with directing attention to just any color contrast. The results are discussed in light of the current debates concerning the roles of color and color contrast for visuo-spatial attention.

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Gallagher, Molly, Christopher Brooke, Ruian Ke et Katia Koelle. « Causes and Consequences of Spatial Within-Host Viral Spread ». Viruses 10, n^o 11 (13 novembre 2018) : 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10110627.

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The spread of viral pathogens both between and within hosts is inherently a spatial process. While the spatial aspects of viral spread at the epidemiological level have been increasingly well characterized, the spatial aspects of viral spread within infected hosts are still understudied. Here, with a focus on influenza A viruses (IAVs), we first review experimental studies that have shed light on the mechanisms and spatial dynamics of viral spread within hosts. These studies provide strong empirical evidence for highly localized IAV spread within hosts. Since mathematical and computational within-host models have been increasingly used to gain a quantitative understanding of observed viral dynamic patterns, we then review the (relatively few) computational modeling studies that have shed light on possible factors that structure the dynamics of spatial within-host IAV spread. These factors include the dispersal distance of virions, the localization of the immune response, and heterogeneity in host cell phenotypes across the respiratory tract. While informative, we find in these studies a striking absence of theoretical expectations of how spatial dynamics may impact the dynamics of viral populations. To mitigate this, we turn to the extensive ecological and evolutionary literature on range expansions to provide informed theoretical expectations. We find that factors such as the type of density dependence, the frequency of long-distance dispersal, specific life history characteristics, and the extent of spatial heterogeneity are critical factors affecting the speed of population spread and the genetic composition of spatially expanding populations. For each factor that we identified in the theoretical literature, we draw parallels to its analog in viral populations. We end by discussing current knowledge gaps related to the spatial component of within-host IAV spread and the potential for within-host spatial considerations to inform the development of disease control strategies.

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Lemieux, C. L., E. A. Nelson et C. A. Collin. « Eye Movement Patterns Suggest Different Facial Features are Most Informative at Different Spatial Frequencies ». Journal of Vision 13, n^o 9 (25 juillet 2013) : 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.399.

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Yu, Qiangyi, Liangzhi You, Ulrike Wood-Sichra, Yating Ru, Alison K. B. Joglekar, Steffen Fritz, Wei Xiong, Miao Lu, Wenbin Wu et Peng Yang. « A cultivated planet in 2010 – Part 2 : The global gridded agricultural-production maps ». Earth System Science Data 12, n^o 4 (21 décembre 2020) : 3545–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3545-2020.

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Abstract. Data on global agricultural production are usually available as statistics at administrative units, which does not give any diversity and spatial patterns; thus they are less informative for subsequent spatially explicit agricultural and environmental analyses. In the second part of the two-paper series, we introduce SPAM2010 – the latest global spatially explicit datasets on agricultural production circa 2010 – and elaborate on the improvement of the SPAM (Spatial Production Allocation Model) dataset family since 2000. SPAM2010 adds further methodological and data enhancements to the available crop downscaling modeling, which mainly include the update of base year, the extension of crop list, and the expansion of subnational administrative-unit coverage. Specifically, it not only applies the latest global synergy cropland layer (see Lu et al., submitted to the current journal) and other relevant data but also expands the estimates of crop area, yield, and production from 20 to 42 major crops under four farming systems across a global 5 arcmin grid. All the SPAM maps are freely available at the MapSPAM website (http://mapspam.info/, last access: 11 December 2020), which not only acts as a tool for validating and improving the performance of the SPAM maps by collecting feedback from users but is also a platform providing archived global agricultural-production maps for better targeting the Sustainable Development Goals. In particular, SPAM2010 can be downloaded via an open-data repository (DOI: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PRFF8V; IFPRI, 2019).

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Hu, Lianyu, Liqing Gao, Zekang Liu et Wei Feng. « Self-Emphasizing Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognition ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, n^o 1 (26 juin 2023) : 854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i1.25164.

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Hand and face play an important role in expressing sign language. Their features are usually especially leveraged to improve system performance. However, to effectively extract visual representations and capture trajectories for hands and face, previous methods always come at high computations with increased training complexity. They usually employ extra heavy pose-estimation networks to locate human body keypoints or rely on additional pre-extracted heatmaps for supervision. To relieve this problem, we propose a self-emphasizing network (SEN) to emphasize informative spatial regions in a self-motivated way, with few extra computations and without additional expensive supervision. Specifically, SEN first employs a lightweight subnetwork to incorporate local spatial-temporal features to identify informative regions, and then dynamically augment original features via attention maps. It's also observed that not all frames contribute equally to recognition. We present a temporal self-emphasizing module to adaptively emphasize those discriminative frames and suppress redundant ones. A comprehensive comparison with previous methods equipped with hand and face features demonstrates the superiority of our method, even though they always require huge computations and rely on expensive extra supervision. Remarkably, with few extra computations, SEN achieves new state-of-the-art accuracy on four large-scale datasets, PHOENIX14, PHOENIX14-T, CSL-Daily, and CSL. Visualizations verify the effects of SEN on emphasizing informative spatial and temporal features. Code is available at https://github.com/hulianyuyy/SEN_CSLR

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Macfarlane, Fraser, Paul Murray, Stephen Marshall et Henry White. « Investigating the Effects of a Combined Spatial and Spectral Dimensionality Reduction Approach for Aerial Hyperspectral Target Detection Applications ». Remote Sensing 13, n^o 9 (23 avril 2021) : 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091647.

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Target detection and classification is an important application of hyperspectral imaging in remote sensing. A wide range of algorithms for target detection in hyperspectral images have been developed in the last few decades. Given the nature of hyperspectral images, they exhibit large quantities of redundant information and are therefore compressible. Dimensionality reduction is an effective means of both compressing and denoising data. Although spectral dimensionality reduction is prevalent in hyperspectral target detection applications, the spatial redundancy of a scene is rarely exploited. By applying simple spatial masking techniques as a preprocessing step to disregard pixels of definite disinterest, the subsequent spectral dimensionality reduction process is simpler, less costly and more informative. This paper proposes a processing pipeline to compress hyperspectral images both spatially and spectrally before applying target detection algorithms to the resultant scene. The combination of several different spectral dimensionality reduction methods and target detection algorithms, within the proposed pipeline, are evaluated. We find that the Adaptive Cosine Estimator produces an improved F1 score and Matthews Correlation Coefficient when compared to unprocessed data. We also show that by using the proposed pipeline the data can be compressed by over 90% and target detection performance is maintained.

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Fattoruso, Grazia, Martina Nocerino, Domenico Toscano, Luigi Pariota, Giampiero Sorrentino, Valentina Manna, Saverio De Vito, Armando Cartenì, Massimiliano Fabbricino et Girolamo Di Francia. « Site Suitability Analysis for Low Cost Sensor Networks for Urban Spatially Dense Air Pollution Monitoring ». Atmosphere 11, n^o 11 (11 novembre 2020) : 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111215.

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Urban air pollution continues to represent a primary concern for human health, despite significant efforts by public authorities for mitigating its effects. Regulatory monitoring networks are essential tools for air pollution monitoring. However, they are sparse networks, unable to capture the spatial variability of the air pollutants. For addressing this issue, networks of low cost stations are deployed, supplementing the regulatory stations. Regarding this application, an important question is where these stations are installed The objective of this study was to generate a site suitability map for the development of a network of low cost multi-sensor stations across a city for a spatially dense urban air quality monitoring. To do that, a site suitability analysis was developed based on two geographical variables properly selected for representing the impact of urban pollutant sources and urban form on the pollutant concentrations. By processing information about emissions patterns and street canyon effects, we were able to identify air quality hotspot areas supposed to show high spatial variability. Low cost monitoring stations, there located, are able to provide that informative content, which is lacking for both regulatory monitoring networks and predictive modelling for high resolution air quality mapping.

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Wu, Yuxuan, Le Wang, Sanping Zhou, Jinghai Duan, Gang Hua et Wei Tang. « Multi-Stream Representation Learning for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, n^o 3 (26 juin 2023) : 2875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i3.25389.

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Forecasting the future trajectory of pedestrians is an important task in computer vision with a range of applications, from security cameras to autonomous driving. It is very challenging because pedestrians not only move individually across time but also interact spatially, and the spatial and temporal information is deeply coupled with one another in a multi-agent scenario. Learning such complex spatio-temporal correlation is a fundamental issue in pedestrian trajectory prediction. Inspired by the procedure that the hippocampus processes and integrates spatio-temporal information to form memories, we propose a novel multi-stream representation learning module to learn complex spatio-temporal features of pedestrian trajectory. Specifically, we learn temporal, spatial and cross spatio-temporal correlation features in three respective pathways and then adaptively integrate these features with learnable weights by a gated network. Besides, we leverage the sparse attention gate to select informative interactions and correlations brought by complex spatio-temporal modeling and reduce complexity of our model. We evaluate our proposed method on two commonly used datasets, i.e. ETH-UCY and SDD, and the experimental results demonstrate our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance. Code: https://github.com/YuxuanIAIR/MSRL-master

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Dutta, Ayan, Amitabh Bhattacharya, O. Patrick Kreidl, Anirban Ghosh et Prithviraj Dasgupta. « Multi-robot informative path planning in unknown environments through continuous region partitioning ». International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, n^o 6 (1 novembre 2020) : 172988142097046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420970461.

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We consider the NP-hard problem of multirobot informative path planning in the presence of communication constraints, where the objective is to collect higher amounts of information of an ambient phenomenon. We propose a novel approach that uses continuous region partitioning into Voronoi components to efficiently divide an initially unknown environment among the robots based on newly discovered obstacles enabling improved load balancing between robots. Simulation results show that our proposed approach is successful in reducing the initial imbalance of the robots’ allocated free regions while ensuring close-to-reality spatial modeling within a reasonable amount of time.

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Ro, Tony, Liana Machado, Nancy Kanwisher et Robert D. Rafal. « Covert orienting to the locations of targets and distractors : Effects on response channel activation in a flanker task ». Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, n^o 3 (août 2002) : 917–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000514.

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The role of covert orienting of attention in response channel activation was examined using the flanker interference and precueing paradigms. Four experiments assessed the influence of distractors on the discrimination of a target colour patch under cueing conditions (three with non-informative, exogenous cues and one with informative, endogenous cues) that modulated attention at the flanker or target locations. Across all of the experiments, the amount of interference generated by the distractors was not modulated by the facilitation and inhibition of return induced by spatial attention precues. These results are consistent with previous reports of patients with neglect, which demonstrated that flanker interference proceeds at unattended locations (Audet, Bub, & Lecours, 1991; Cohen, Ivry, Rafal, & Kohn, 1995), and they suggest that response channel activation can occur independently from spatial attention.

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Schreuder, Martijn, Benjamin Blankertz et Michael Tangermann. « A New Auditory Multi-Class Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm : Spatial Hearing as an Informative Cue ». PLoS ONE 5, n^o 4 (1 avril 2010) : e9813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009813.

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Westerholt, Rene, Heinrich Lorei et Bernhard Höfle. « Behavioural Effects of Spatially Structured Scoring Systems in Location-Based Serious Games—A Case Study in the Context of OpenStreetMap ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n^o 2 (22 février 2020) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020129.

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Location-based games have become popular in recent years, with Pokémon Go and Ingress being two very prominent examples. Some location-based games, known as Serious Games, go beyond entertainment and serve additional purposes such as data collection. Such games are also found in the OpenStreetMap context and playfully enrich the project’s geodatabase. Examples include Kort and StreetComplete. This article examines the role of spatially structured scoring systems as a motivational element. It is analysed how spatial structure in scoring systems is correlated with changes observed in the game behaviour. For this purpose, our study included two groups of subjects who played a modified game based on StreetComplete in a real urban environment. One group played the game with a spatially structured scoring system and the other with a spatially random scoring system. We evaluated different indicators and analysed the players’ GPS trajectories. In addition, the players filled out questionnaires to investigate whether they had become aware of the scoring system they were playing. The results obtained show that players who are confronted with a spatially structured scoring system are more likely to be in areas with high scores, have a longer playing time, walk longer distances and are more willing to take detours. Furthermore, discrepancies between the perception of a possible system in the scoring system and corresponding actions were revealed. The results are informative for game design, but also for a better understanding of how players interact with their geographical context during location-based games.

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Minet, J., N. E. C. Verhoest, S. Lambot et M. Vanclooster. « Temporal stability of soil moisture patterns measured by proximal ground-penetrating radar ». Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, n^o 4 (3 avril 2013) : 4063–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-4063-2013.

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Abstract. We analyzed the temporal stability of soil moisture patterns acquired using a proximal ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in a 2.5 ha agricultural field at five different dates over three weeks. The GPR system was mounted on a mobile platform, allowing for real-time mapping of soil moisture with a high spatial resolution (2–5 m). The spatio-temporal soil moisture patterns were in accordance with the meteorological data and with soil moisture measurements from soil core sampling. Time-stable areas showing the field-average moisture could be revealed by two methods: (1) by the computation of temporal stability indicators based on relative differences of soil moisture to the field-average and (2) by the spatial intersection of the areas showing the field-average. Locations where the mean relative difference was below 0.02 m3 m−3 extended up to 10% of the field area whereas the intersection of areas showing the field-average within a tolerance of 0.02 m3 m−3 covered 5% of the field area. Compared to most of the previous studies about temporal stability of soil moisture, time-stable areas and their spatial patterns could be revealed instead of single point locations, owing to the advanced GPR method for real-time mapping. It is believed that determining spatially coherent time-stable areas is more informative rather than determining time-stable points. Other acquisitions over larger time periods would be necessary to assert the robustness of the time-stable areas.

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He, Li, Antonio Páez, Jianmin Jiao, Ping An, Chuntian Lu, Wen Mao et Dongping Long. « Ambient Population and Larceny-Theft : A Spatial Analysis Using Mobile Phone Data ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n^o 6 (26 mai 2020) : 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060342.

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In the spatial analysis of crime, the residential population has been a conventional measure of the population at risk. Recent studies suggest that the ambient population is a useful alternative measure of the population at risk that can better capture the activity patterns of a population. However, current studies are limited by the availability of high precision demographic characteristics, such as social activities and the origins of residents. In this research, we use spatially referenced mobile phone data to measure the size and activity patterns of various types of ambient population, and further investigate the link between urban larceny-theft and population with multiple demographic and activity characteristics. A series of crime attractors, generators, and detractors are also considered in the analysis to account for the spatial variation of crime opportunities. The major findings based on a negative binomial model are three-fold. (1) The size of the non-local population and people’s social regularity calculated from mobile phone big data significantly correlate with the spatial variation of larceny-theft. (2) Crime attractors, generators, and detractors, measured by five types of Points of Interest (POIs), significantly depict the criminality of places and impact opportunities for crime. (3) Higher levels of nighttime light are associated with increased levels of larceny-theft. The results have practical implications for linking the ambient population to crime, and the insights are informative for several theories of crime and crime prevention efforts.

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Wu, Siqi, Antony Joseph, Ann S. Hammonds, Susan E. Celniker, Bin Yu et Erwin Frise. « Stability-driven nonnegative matrix factorization to interpret spatial gene expression and build local gene networks ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n^o 16 (6 avril 2016) : 4290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521171113.

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Spatial gene expression patterns enable the detection of local covariability and are extremely useful for identifying local gene interactions during normal development. The abundance of spatial expression data in recent years has led to the modeling and analysis of regulatory networks. The inherent complexity of such data makes it a challenge to extract biological information. We developed staNMF, a method that combines a scalable implementation of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) with a new stability-driven model selection criterion. When applied to a set of Drosophila early embryonic spatial gene expression images, one of the largest datasets of its kind, staNMF identified 21 principal patterns (PP). Providing a compact yet biologically interpretable representation of Drosophila expression patterns, PP are comparable to a fate map generated experimentally by laser ablation and show exceptional promise as a data-driven alternative to manual annotations. Our analysis mapped genes to cell-fate programs and assigned putative biological roles to uncharacterized genes. Finally, we used the PP to generate local transcription factor regulatory networks. Spatially local correlation networks were constructed for six PP that span along the embryonic anterior–posterior axis. Using a two-tail 5% cutoff on correlation, we reproduced 10 of the 11 links in the well-studied gap gene network. The performance of PP with the Drosophila data suggests that staNMF provides informative decompositions and constitutes a useful computational lens through which to extract biological insight from complex and often noisy gene expression data.

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Mitchell, Danielle E., K. Wayne Forsythe, Chris H. Marvin et Debbie A. Burniston. « Assessing statistical and spatial validity of sediment survey design and sampling densities : examples from Lake Erie ». Water Quality Research Journal 53, n^o 3 (11 mai 2018) : 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2018.029.

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Abstract Spatial interpolation methods translate sediment contamination point data into informative area-based visualizations. Lake Erie was first sampled in 1971 based on a survey grid of 263 locations. Due to procedural costs, the 2014 survey was reduced to 34 sampling locations mostly located in deep offshore regions of the lake. Using the 1971 dataset, this study identifies the minimum sampling density at which statistically valid, and spatially accurate predictions can be made using ordinary kriging. Randomly down-sampled subsets at 10% intervals of the 1971 survey were created to include at least one set of data points with a smaller sample size than that of the 2014 dataset. Regression analyses of predicted contamination values assessed spatial autocorrelation between kriged surfaces created from the down-sampled subsets and the original dataset. Subsets at 10% and 20% of the original data density accurately predicted 51% and 75% (respectively) of the original dataset's predictions. Subsets representing 70%, 80% and 90% of the original data density accurately predicted 88%, 90% and 97% of the original dataset's predictions. Although all subsets proved to be statistically valid, sampling densities below 0.002 locations/km2 are likely to create very generalized contamination maps from which environmental decisions might not be justified.

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Lai, Yani, Lin Jiang et Xiaoxiao Xu. « Exploring Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Urban Village Redevelopment : The Case of Shenzhen, China ». Land 10, n^o 9 (16 septembre 2021) : 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090976.

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The redevelopment of urban villages is a prominent part of urban renewal in China, which has attracted much attention from the academic community. However, the understanding of when and where the redevelopment of urban villages occurs is still limited partly because of the lack of empirical analysis. Through exploratory spatial data and overlay analyses, this study examines the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics based on data from 277 urban village redevelopment projects in Shenzhen, China, between 2010 and 2018. Results demonstrate that the redevelopment of urban villages occurs in central and suburban areas but rarely occurs in the periphery of the city. The overall spatial distribution is spatially clustered, having become increasingly significant from 2010 to 2018. In the beginning, the redevelopment of urban villages was dispersed in diverse areas and partly expanded into adjacent neighbourhoods. A majority of redevelopment took place in areas near the planning urban centres and the planning subway stations, which are almost in Density Zones I–III. The findings of this study contribute to new spatio-temporal perspectives in the global process mechanism of urban village redevelopment and call for special attention to the significant influences of state intervention, which is an informative reference for future sustainable urban development.

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McAdam, D. Steven O. « Retrospective weight-of-evidence analysis identifies substrate change as the apparent cause of recruitment failure in the upper Columbia River white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, n^o 8 (août 2015) : 1208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0423.

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A weight-of-evidence evaluation of the potential cause of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) recruitment failure in the upper Columbia River evaluated 12 recruitment-failure hypotheses based on nine criteria. Recruitment-failure timing was estimated by identifying breakpoints in the hindcasted recruitment time series for three of four spatially distinct groups. Observed spatial and temporal recruitment decline patterns were then compared with expected patterns for each hypothesis (e.g., flow, temperature, turbidity, contaminants, and changes to the riverine fish community). The weight-of-evidence evaluation also considered criteria including coherence with theoretical, factual, and biological evidence and responses to impact reversal. Recruitment failure began about 1968, coincident with the initiation of upstream mainstem flow regulation. An 8- or 9-year lag in the recruitment decline of the Waneta group was particularly informative for hypothesis evaluations. The identification of increased fine substrates at spawning sites as the most plausible explanation for chronic recruitment failure has important implications regarding the apparent life stages affected and potential restoration approaches.

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Falahatnejad, S., et A. Karami. « A SPECTRAL-SPATIAL AUGMENTED ACTIVE LEARNING METHOD FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION ». ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W1-2022 (13 janvier 2023) : 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w1-2022-151-2023.

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Abstract. In this paper, a new classification technique for hyperspectral images (HSIs) based on an augmented active learning (AL) is introduced. The proposed method consists of two main steps: first, a 2-D non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) is applied to each spectral band of HSIs to extract the spatial features. After that, the kernel minimum noise fraction (KMNF) is used to reduce the spectral dimension. Second, the classification task using an augmented active learning technique is performed. For this purpose, an iterative process is considered. At each iteration, a discriminative sample selection and augmentation are used to create the training set. Then, the support vector machine (SVM) is iteratively applied to the training set. In the proposed method, the most informative samples are selected by a new query function combination of a posterior probability-based uncertainty and angle-based diversity criteria. The augmentation strategy during the training process is chosen by two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the existing outliers are removed by k-means clustering. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to the real datasets and compared with three state-of-the-art AL algorithms. The obtained results show that the proposed method significantly increases accuracy considering the most informative samples.

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Lee, Wonjung, Yiqun Sun et Shuai Lu. « Hierarchical sparse observation models and informative prior for Bayesian inference of spatially varying parameters ». Journal of Computational Physics 422 (décembre 2020) : 109768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109768.

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Parneta, Mariana. « LANDSCAPE AND SPATIAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE MEDIA FORMATION OF ARCHITECTURE AND CITY SPACES OF LVIV ». Current problems of architecture and urban planning, n^o 64 (31 août 2022) : 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.64.105-118.

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Media formation as an informative essence of architecture and urban spaces is formed under the influence of a number of factors. Throughout history, the landscape has always been a determining factor in creation of an architectural environment, therefore landscape and spatial factors are primary ones for the media formation of architecture and spaces. The media formation of the landscape directly relates to its ability to influence on human consciousness. The identification and systematization of landscape and spatial factors allow us to set up criterias for their influence on the media formation of architecture and urban spaces. In order to find out the role of landscape and spatial factors on the media formation of urban spaces, their analysis was carried out on the example of Lviv city. The assessment of the interrelationships of the landscape and spatial factors of Lviv's environment with its media formation was carried out on the basis of a multidimensional matrix of interrelationships, which made it possible to determine the main informative identifiers of the city's spaces. It was determined that the natural components of Lviv landscape (relief, water network, greenery) establish the natural and aesthetic potential of the urban environment, and the characteristics of anthropogenic elements (planning and functional city structure, silhouette of the city) strengthen them. The complex action of natural and anthropogenic landscape and spatial factors creates the physical and mental media formation of the city that consists in the uniqueness of Lviv's character and ensures its recognizability.

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Miletic, G., B. Hughes et P. Bach-y-Rita. « Vibrotactile Stimulation : An Educational Program for Spatial Concept Development ». Journal of Visual Impairment & ; Blindness 82, n^o 9 (novembre 1988) : 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8808200909.

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The potential of vibrotactile stimulation to enrich the perceptual world of congenitally and early blinded children was evaluated through an educational program developed to introduce spatial concepts typically associated with visual perception. The vibrotactile device used was a modified Optacon of Telesensory Systems, Incorporated. The program was evaluated using 30 blind children, ranging in age from 8 to 14 years, who possessed no more than minimal light perception. It has been suggested that vibrotactile stimulation is perceptually informative and could serve congenitally and early blinded children as a potential basis for an extended understanding of three-dimensional space.

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Murynin, A. B., A. A. Richter et M. A. Shakhramanyan. « Selection of informative features to highlight areas of waste disposal on high spatial resolution satellite imagery ». Исследования Земли из Космоса, n^o 2 (21 mai 2019) : 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-96142019229-44.

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The paper deals with the problem of integrated interpretation of waste disposal facilities according to satellite imagery and ground truth monitoring, features of space images of landfills from various points of view: texture analysis, statistical properties, fractal analysis, color features, and the possibility of using machine learning methods. The main visual interpretive signs of landfills on optical and radar images of high spatial resolution are given. The fractal dimension of landfills was calculated for high resolution images using two models.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Informatique spatiale »

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