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Hailliwell, Emma Louise. « Sociocultural influences on body image concerns through adulthood ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250169.
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Mentzer, Jennifer Kay. « How sociocultural influences impact young women‘s body image ». Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/11999.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
Karen S. Myers-Bowman
Young women are influenced by a variety of different messages as they are transitioning from being viewed as little girls to being viewed as young women. While women of all ages can experience dissatisfaction with their bodies and appearance, this is especially common during the time when girls are entering into adolescence, adjusting to their changing bodies, and trying to develop a sense of who they are as an individual. Our society today has placed a significant importance on thinness and young women are bombarded with messages presenting them with an unattainable level of thinness as society‘s ideal. This paper describes adolescent development, looks at the sociocultural influences (family, peers, and media) that impact young women‘s body image, presents prevention and intervention programs that have been used with young women, and provides recommendations for family life educators on how to educate parents on the messages their daughters are being sent and provides them with suggestions on how to talk with their daughters about these messages.
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Halliwell, E. « Sociocultural influences on body image concerns through adulthood. (BL : DXN057341) ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521046.
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This thesis focuses on body image concerns throughout adulthood, specifically on the impact of sociocultural attitudes concerning appearance on adults'body image concerns. To date research has concentrated on body image amongst young women and eating disordered populations. Little is known about the body image concerns of men, or adult women. Research indicates that sociocultural attitudes concerning appearance are transmitted to girls and young women through a variety of sources. However, the role of these in influencing adults' body image has not been investigated. Qualitative and quantitative methods are employed to address these gaps in the literature. The empirical programme consists of an in-depth interview study (N=42), two surveys - one with students (N=158) and one with a general population sample (N=366) - and an experimental study (N=203). The interview study indicates that adult body-focused concerns are highly gendered Also that ageing has a complex influence on body image concerns. The first quantitative study applies self-discrepancy theory to an investigation of body image. The findings suggest that ideal, but not ought, self-discrepancies have utility in explaining body image concerns. This is followed up in a questionnaire study of adults'body image concerns. In addition to internalised sociocultural attitudes towards appearance romantic relationships were found to constitute an important interpersonal influence on body image concerns. Also results from the experimental study suggest that average size models could be successful in advertising and, potentially, could decrease body anxiety in a large proportion of adult women relative to viewing thin models. Body image concerns continue to be relevant to women, and men, throughout adulthood. Gender differences are evident in conceptualisations of the body, as well as levels of body satisfaction Further more gendered conceptualisations of the body may explain differences in the consequences of body dissatisfaction of or women and men. This research suggests that existing measures may not reflect adequately gender and age differences in body image concerns.
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Willis, Lynyetta G. « African American Baptist church community influence of sociocultural factors on faith development / ». mixed, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06082007-115624/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title page. Gregory Brack, committee chair; Asa Hilliard III , Kenneth B. Matheny, Julie Ancis, committee members. Electronic text (154 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 8, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-140).
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Willis, Lynyetta Gittens. « African American Baptist Church Community : Influence of SocioCultural Factors on Faith Development ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/11.
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When describing faith development, established models often fail to incorporate the effects of an individual’s sociocultural context and control for additional dimensions of their identity such as ethnicity, gender and religious denomination (Mattis, 2001; Myers, 1991; Willis, 2005). This study involved 18 African American women and men between the ages of twenty and seventy-seven who identified as Baptist Church goers within the Southeastern region of the United States. A mixed methods design informed by interpretive and emerging social network paradigms was used (Hanson, 2005; LeCompte & Schensul, 1999). There were two phases of this study. Within phase one, twelve participants completed one semi-structured interview and the Optimal Theory and Identity Development-Revised (OTAID-R) instrument (Haggins, 1996) which was designed to evaluate identity development along multiple dimensions, including spirituality. Within phase two, six participants took part in a follow-up focus group to validate the emergent themes. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). A circular socioculturally informed model of faith development was devised. The current model was most congruent with African centered models of faith development and revealed non-linear process of faith development. The OTAID-R survey was not significantly correlated with the age of the participants. Implications for research and practice include the importance of considering sociocultual context and experience when conceptualizing developmental processes within a culturally informed framework.
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Russo, Charles M. « Influence of Individual and Sociocultural Characteristics on Ethical Decision-making among Students ». Thesis, Capella University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10845349.
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The goal of this quantitative non-experimental, correlational research study was to examine what individual characteristics correlated with the decision-making processes of students pursuing an undergraduate degree in criminal justice. The sample was drawn from students at several traditional (brick and mortar) degree programs, and once institutional review boards approval were gained, data collection commenced. The Congruent and Incongruent Moral Dilemma’s test of dual-process, developed by Conway and Gawronski (2013), was used to collect data concerning ethical decision-making. The survey was collected through Survey Monkey and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 24 software. Of the 313 responses collected, 138 were usable. The participants were asked to choose between what was an acceptable (congruent dilemmas showing utilitarianism) or unacceptable harm (incongruent dilemmas showing deontology) in a series of ethical decision-making scenarios. The differences between the two dilemmas were found to have significance. The results indicated that age and education (criminal justice versus other majors) were significant, but not as predictors of ethical decision-making; with criminal justice majors having a higher selection of deontology than non-majors. Gender was the significant predictor of ethical decision-making. Women, having higher levels of deontology than men. Results found that with increased religious attendance, and those without military experience had higher levels of deontology but were not significant predictors of ethical decision-making. Furthermore, as individuals increased their socio-economic status there was a decrease in deontological inclinations. Finally, the results of traditional on-campus program and non-traditional program students was not a significant predictor of ethical decision-making. These findings are evidence that individual characteristics influence deontological and utilitarian inclinations and help resolve some of the theoretical ambiguities in prior research. This research can help inform academic institutions, criminal justice organizations, and students preparing for a career in public safety to be better prepared to make quick and ethical decisions in the field and help focus training and educational programs to assist with this process.
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Cherfi, Sofiane. « L'influence des paramètres socioculturels dans la décision d'achat de la famille française d'origine maghrébine ». Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0101/document.
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Cette recherche contribue à la compréhension du comportement d'achat de la famille française d’origine maghrébine. Elle étudie l’influence des paramètres socioculturels dans la prise de décision d’achat familiale. Notre hypothèse principale de travail repose sur l'existence d'une relation entre les pratiques culturelles, cultuelles et la prise de décision d’achat de ce type de famille. Pour explorer cette relation, des variables endogènes et exogènes qui jouent un rôle ont été isolé, dans la probabilité du choix d’un bien précis. Pour cela nous avons mené une étude de terrain sur un échantillon de 120 couples. L’analyse des résultats nous a permet de répondre aux principales interrogations et d’instaurer un modèle décisionnelThis research contributes to understanding the purchasing behavior of the French family of North African origin. She studies the influence of socio-cultural parameters in the decision to purchase family. Our main working hypothesis is based on the existence of a relationship between cultural, religious practices and the decision to purchase that type of family. To explore the relationship of endogenous and exogenous variables that play a role have been isolated in the probability of choosing a specific property. To do this we conducted a field study on a sample of 120 couples. The analysis of results allows us to answer the main question and create a decision model
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Hallam, Teresa Alberte. « Sociocultural Influences on Computer Anxiety Among Preservice Teachers : An Exploratory Study ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1207847227.
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Omori, Kinuko. « Sociocultural influences on child health and nutritional status in Karen highlanders of Thailand ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060885628.
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Huxley, Caroline Joanne. « An exploration of the sociocultural influences affecting lesbian and bisexual women's body image ». Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525197.
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Mackenzie, Jacqueline Zaleski. « Sociocultural Influences : Evaluations of Indigenous Children for Special Needs in Rural Central Mexico ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193916.
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This study examined indigenous infants, children, and youth in rural central Mexico for developmental delays by using a mixed methods approach. A two-person team consisting of a researcher and a translator completed this study. They conducted observations of 665 minors and interviews with their caregivers. A self-designed rubric was the guide to evaluate children using standards previously researched, developed and tested during the researcher's employment as director of a bilingual school in the United States (USA). This tool was used to evaluate the children, ninety-five percent of which were of Mexican heritage. The tool was modified to meet the needs of indigenous participants within this study in Central Mexico. This study found that the identification of developmental delays or special needs using traditional assessments might fail to take into account sociocultural factors (Baez, 2002; Cattey, 1980; Kelly, Sacker, Schoon, and Nazroo, 2006; Ogbu, 1992b; Rogoff, 2003) present in indigenous rural Mexican farm or ranch communities (`campos'). Data suggested that Native Indian or indigenous (`campesino') parents or other caregivers struggle with self-esteem issues related to class status thus failing to advocate for themselves or their children. Data additionally implied that caregivers lack access to social services including those aimed at working with developmental delays, special needs, (Fletcher, 1999; Forlin, Cedillo, Romero-Contreras, Fletcher, and Rodriguez, in press) and children without disabilities. Cultural factors maintained the status quo: the upper class held power, the middle class struggled, and the `campesino' continued to lose vital assets necessary to meet basic human needs. The findings identified a disproportionate number of developmentally delayed children, mainly due to malnutrition or other environmental influences; resulting from class status and/or lack of access to information. `Campesino' participants from in eighteen rural Central Mexican facilities were studied. Participants represented over one hundred `campos.' This study utilized an emic ethnographic approach (researcher being an "insider" researcher-participant) employing both qualitative and quantitative methodology. Results indicated that factors related to social status affected rural Mexican children's ability to acquire the basic nutritional intake necessary to achieve academic success and/or social elevation in Mexico or elsewhere due to the caregivers limited ability to improve the quality of life for his/her `campesino' children.
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Phillips, Cindy D. « Psychological and Sociocultural Influences of Current and Historical Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3005.
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1.5 million women are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) each year, and 324,000 of these women are pregnant (2013). Research on the predictability of certain factors and their relationship to current and historical IPV is limited. In order to better understand IPV as it related to a sample of 1,016 Appalachian pregnant women selected for the Tennessee Interventions for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS), it was important to evaluate various influences that may predict the prevalence of IPV in this population when compared to the State of Tennessee and the U.S. (Aim 1). An evaluation of psychological, sociocultural, and socioeconomic variables as they relate to both current and historical IPV in pregnant women presenting for prenatal care was conducted (Aim 2), and the results from this evaluation were used to model significant IPV influences to determine pregnancy predictors in the study sample when historical and current IPV is present (Aim 3). Percent prevalence of self-reported IPV was higher in the TIPS sample for Carter, Greene, Hawkins, Johnson, Sullivan, Washington, and Unicoi counties, when compared to criminal reports for State of Tennessee IPV victimization rates, and the rate per 1,000 IPV victimization rate was also higher in the TIPS sample when compared to the criminal report for the U.S. Self-esteem, social, support, stress, substance abuse, and alcohol were positive as independent effects for predicting IPV via ordinal regression; however, when evaluated via multinomial logical regression with controls for age, race, income, education, marital status, whether or not a pregnancy was planned, and parity, this effect was no longer noted. Unplanned pregnancies and lower education were significant control variables in these evaluations. The lack of support for predictive ability of those selected psychological and sociocultural variables for IPV only underscores the importance of taking into consideration the uniqueness of various populations and across various regions such as Appalachia. The influences of unplanned pregnancy and lower education may be significant predictors if IPV in pregnant women in Appalachia and warrant further research.
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Edvalson, Sherri Ivy. « Sociocultural Influences on Undergraduate Students' Conversations on Race at a Predominantly White Institution ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4842.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the sociocultural influences on dialogues about race of undergraduate students from various racial backgrounds at a Predominantly White Institution (PWI). This qualitative study included 16 undergraduate students from various racial backgrounds at a small, private university in the Midwest who participated in semi-structured focus group interviews. A data analysis addressed how the interplay of narratives and counter-narratives within dialogues on race revealed common themes within the framework of Critical Race Theory. Findings from the interview data suggest that race does not occur solely in the moment of a particular conversation or incidence. Rather, there are three sociocultural influences on undergraduates' conversations on race: The collective history related to race in the United States, students' personal experiences related to race, particularly discrimination, and the way they describe themselves as racial beings. Findings also revealed the possible benefits of providing spaces for students from various racial backgrounds to engage in dialogues on the construct of race.
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Khaleefa, Omar Haroon. « The influence of some sociocultural factors on creativity among Sudanese students : a cross-cultural study ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287829.
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Lum, Sharilyn Kay. « Sociocultural influences on body dissatisfaction in Asian American women : an examination of critical consciousness / ». view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400960771&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-196). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Abild, Miranda L. « Kin selection and male androphilia : sociocultural influences on the expression of kin-directed altruism ». Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3213.
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The Kin Selection Hypothesis proposes that the genes associated with male androphilia (i.e., sexual attraction/arousal to adult males) may be maintained over evolutionary time if the fitness costs of not reproducing directly are offset by increasing one’s indirect fitness. Theoretically, this could be accomplished by allocating altruism toward kin which would increase the recipient’s ability to survive and reproduce. Evidence for this hypothesis has been garnered through research conducted in Samoa however, no support has been garnered from research conducted in more industrialized cultures (i.e., USA, UK, Japan). In this thesis, I use a Canadian population to examine: (1) the role geographic proximity plays in the expression of androphilic male avuncularity and (2) whether androphilic males direct altruism toward the children of friends who might represent proxies for nieces and nephews in more industrialized cultures. Other sociocultural factors that potentially influence the expression of androphilic male avuncularity are also discussed.ix, 81 leaves ; 29 cm
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Girard, Marilou. « Troubles de l'image du corps et de l'alimentation chez les jeunes adultes : la recherche de musculature dans les modèles socioculturels ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20030.
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Etude 1 : L’objectif de cette étude était d’étendre la littérature existante en testant un modèle tripartite à deux voies du développement de l’image du corps masculin et des préoccupations alimentaires chez des jeunes hommes français. Le modèle final présentait un bon ajustement aux données et comprenait des voies distinctes de préoccupations musculaires et de préoccupations liées à la masse graisseuse.Etude 2 : L’objectif de cette étude était d’explorer différents profils de recherche de musculature et de minceur chez des jeunes femmes françaises. Le groupe de jeunes femmes avec « recherche de musculature et de minceur » présentait des scores significativement plus élevés pour la pression des amis et du partenaire, l’intérêt pour les médias, l’internalisation de l’idéal mince et tonique, la comparaison de l’apparence, les symptômes boulimiques et un fonctionnement psychologique moins bon.Etude 3 : Le but de cette troisième étude était d’explorer un modèle socioculturel longitudinal de l’influence des médias, des pairs et du partenaire amoureux sur l’insatisfaction corporelle, la recherche de minceur, et la recherche de musculature dans un échantillon de jeunes femmes françaises. Le modèle final présentait un bon ajustement aux données et a montré que les pressions médiatiques et interpersonnelles étaient associées, par le biais de la comparaison de l’apparence, à une augmentation de l’insatisfaction corporelle, de la recherche de minceur et de musculature un an plus tardStudy 1: The aim of the present study was to extend the extant literature by testing a modified Tripartite dual pathway model of the development of male body image and eating concerns among French young men. The revised and final model was an adequate fit to the data and included separate pathways for muscularity- and leanness-related concerns.Study 2: The aim of this study was to explore different patterns of drive for muscularity and thinness among French young women. The group of young women with “drive for muscularity and thinness” displayed the highest means of friend and partner pressures, interest in the media, thin-and-toned ideal internalization, appearance comparison, bulimic symptoms and the poorest psychological functioning.Study 3: The aim of the current study was to explore a prospective sociocultural model of the influence of media, peer, and partner pressures on body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity in a sample of French young women. The final model presented a good fit to the data, and highlighted that media and interpersonal pressures were associated over time with increased body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and drive for muscularity one year later, via appearance comparison
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Hubble, Winona Gaye. « Reader-Reported Influences on a Fifth Grader's Transaction With Extended Text ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3049/.
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This study was designed to investigate the question of what goes on in a reader's mind as she transacts with extended text. It was a case study with one respondent, a ten year old girl. She reported, in writing, her thoughts during teacher read aloud, subsequent silent reading of the same text, and group discussions about the text. The findings support and flesh out Rosenblatt.s transactional theory, Vygotsky.s Zone of Proximal Development theory, and Lipman.s Philosophy for Children theory. Conclusions were that there are numerous sociocultural influences on a reader's transaction with text and that these influences must be taken into account in the classroom.
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Bengtsson, Ellen. « "Barn är viktigare nu på något vis" : En kvalitativ studie om hur fem pedagoger resonerar och praktiskt arbetar med barns inflytande och delaktighet i förskolan ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5318.
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Hilpert, Martin [Verfasser], Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Brockmeier et Alcázar Miguel Angel [Akademischer Betreuer] Alejandre. « Sociocultural influence on obesity and lifestyle in children / Martin Hilpert ; Akademische Betreuer : Konrad Brockmeier, Miguel Angel Alejandre Alcázar ». Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188416839/34.
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Bradford, Jennifer Wolf. « Attachment Processes, Stress Processes, and Sociocultural Standards in the Development of Eating Disturbances in College Women ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5477/.
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Minimal empirical research using longitudinal data to explore integrative models of eating disorder development exists. The purpose of this study was to further explore multidimensional models incorporating parental attachment, history of stress, appraisal/coping processes, internalization of the thin-ideal, negative affect, body image, and eating disordered behavior using prospective, longitudinal data. The models were evaluated using 238 participants who completed an initial series of self-report questionnaires during their first semester in college and completed follow-up questionnaires 6 months and 18 months later. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships among the factors. Analyses confirmed that college freshman with insecure parental attachment relationships and those with a history of previous stressful experiences appraised the adjustment to college as more stressful and reported feeling less able to cope with the transition; these conditions predicted increased negative affect and increased eating disturbances. Women who reported experiencing negative affect and those that endorsed internalization of the thin-ideal also reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction; these women engaged in more disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. A second model investigating negative affect as mediating the relationship between the appraisal/coping process and eating disturbances also revealed that experiencing difficulties with the transition to college predicted later negative mood states. Further, women who reported increased negative affect also reported increased eating disturbances. Finally, cross-lagged and simultaneous effects between selected factors were evaluated. Results from these analyses are mixed, but they provide additional information about the predictive relationships among factors that play a role in the development of eating disorders. The results of this study provide valuable information about the development of eating disorders that can be used to aid prevention and treatment. Examination of these models in a large independent sample might provide confirmation of these relationships, and investigation of the models during different developmental periods might also provide important information about the development of eating disturbances and those individuals who are most at risk.
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Coyne, Lucy C., et n/a. « The Relationship Between Sociocultural Influences and Disordered Eating Behaviours : Age-Related Differences in an Integrated Theoretical Model ». Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20071114.081853.
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This thesis contributes to a growing body of research examining the relationship between sociocultural influences and disordered eating behaviour. The aim of the current research was to extend on previously developed theoretical models to more closely examine agerelated differences in an integrated sociocultural model of disordered eating behaviour. The proposed model was informed by components of the dual-pathway model and the tripartite influence model. Nine-hundred and ninety-five women, from four different age groups (i.e., preadolescent, early adolescent, late adolescent and young adult), completed self-report measures of perceived pressure to be thin, modelling of disordered eating behaviour, media exposure, internalisation of the thin-ideal, social comparison, body dissatisfaction, body mass index, and disordered eating behaviour. Using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques, a sociocultural model of disordered eating was tested and found to have good fit to the data. A number of age-related differences in the strength of the relationship between variables were found. Interestingly, modelling of disordered eating behaviour was a direct predictor of disordered eating behaviour regardless of age group. As expected internalisation of the thin-ideal mediated between perceived pressure to be thin and body dissatisfaction for all age groups. Surprisingly, media exposure had few effects on internalisation, but was more strongly related to social comparison for the late adolescent and young adult age groups. Social comparison played a less significant role in predicting body dissatisfaction in preadolescent girls. However, for all other participants, social comparison predicted internalisation of the thin-ideal, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviour. As expected, BMI predicted body dissatisfaction, and body dissatisfaction predicted disordered eating behaviour. The models accounted for between 60-64% of the variance in disordered eating behaviour. Implications for prevention programs are discussed in light of these findings.
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Coyne, Lucy C. « The Relationship Between Sociocultural Influences and Disordered Eating Behaviours : Age-Related Differences in an Integrated Theoretical Model ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367733.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis contributes to a growing body of research examining the relationship between sociocultural influences and disordered eating behaviour. The aim of the current research was to extend on previously developed theoretical models to more closely examine agerelated differences in an integrated sociocultural model of disordered eating behaviour. The proposed model was informed by components of the dual-pathway model and the tripartite influence model. Nine-hundred and ninety-five women, from four different age groups (i.e., preadolescent, early adolescent, late adolescent and young adult), completed self-report measures of perceived pressure to be thin, modelling of disordered eating behaviour, media exposure, internalisation of the thin-ideal, social comparison, body dissatisfaction, body mass index, and disordered eating behaviour. Using structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques, a sociocultural model of disordered eating was tested and found to have good fit to the data. A number of age-related differences in the strength of the relationship between variables were found. Interestingly, modelling of disordered eating behaviour was a direct predictor of disordered eating behaviour regardless of age group. As expected internalisation of the thin-ideal mediated between perceived pressure to be thin and body dissatisfaction for all age groups. Surprisingly, media exposure had few effects on internalisation, but was more strongly related to social comparison for the late adolescent and young adult age groups. Social comparison played a less significant role in predicting body dissatisfaction in preadolescent girls. However, for all other participants, social comparison predicted internalisation of the thin-ideal, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviour. As expected, BMI predicted body dissatisfaction, and body dissatisfaction predicted disordered eating behaviour. The models accounted for between 60-64% of the variance in disordered eating behaviour. Implications for prevention programs are discussed in light of these findings.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Faculty of Health
Full Text
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Rodgers, Rachel. « Les influences parentales dans les modèles socioculturels des troubles de l’image du corps et de l’alimentation ». Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20077.
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Ce travail visait à explorer le rôle des influences parentales au sein des modèles socioculturels. -Les 2 parents sont d’important agents dans la communication des pressions socioculturelles. Les influences parentales actives avaient un impact sur les préoccupations corporelles et alimentaires de leurs enfants, supérieur à celui des effets de modelage. - La fréquence des commentaires parentaux ainsi que des variables associées à l'image du corps et de l'alimentation ont été évalués chez 338 étudiants. La relation entre ces 2 dimensions était partiellement médiée par l'internalisation des normes médiatiques et la tendance à la comparaison. Le modèle expliquait une part supérieure de la variance chez les filles. - Les influences parentales, l'insatisfaction corporelle, la recherche de la minceur et la boulimie ont été évalués chez 601 lycéens (63% féminin). Les variables parentales expliquaient une part supérieure de la variance de l'insatisfaction corporelle et les troubles de l'alimentation chez les filles. Ceci apporte un soutien partiel au modèle lié au genre ainsi qu'au modèle cumulatif de la transmission des attitudes et comportements. - La dépression, l'insatisfaction corporelle, la recherche de la minceur, la symptomatologie boulimique et les influences socioculturelles envers l'apparence ont été évalués chez 509 adolescents (56% féminin). Les sujets à haut niveau de dépression percevaient d'avantage d'influences socioculturelles. La dépression jouait un plus grand rôle modérateur chez les garçons. Les influences parentales sont d' important prédicteurs des troubles de l'image du corps et de l'alimentation et doivent être la cible d'interventions préventivesBody dissatisfaction and disordered eating are particularly prevalent among adolescents and young adults. This aim of this research was to further explore the role of parental influences within a sociocultural framework. - Both mother and fathers are strong communicators of sociocultural pressures and their active influences have been shown to have more impact on offspring's body concerns and eating behaviors than modeling effects. - Questionnaires regarding parental comments and body- and eating-related variables were completed by 338 undergraduates. Internalization and appearance comparison only partially mediated the relationship between parental comments and the outcome variables. The final model explained a larger proportion of the variability in body shape and eating concerns among females. - Participants were 601 (63% female) adolescents who completed a survey exploring parental influences, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Parental variables explained a larger amount of the variance in girls' body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Findings support both a cumulative and a gender-linked model of the transmission of parental attitudes and behaviors. - A sample of 509 adolescents (56% female) completed questionnaires assessing depression, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, bulimia and sociocultural influences on appearance from family, peers and the media. Participants displaying high levels of depression perceived stronger media and peer influences on appearance. Depression had a greater moderating effect among boys. Parental influences play an important role in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating and should be targeted in prevention
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Almutairi, Neamah Habbas. « The influence of educational and sociocultural factors on the learning styles and strategies of female students in Saudi Arabia ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10217.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study investigates the learning styles and strategies of female university students in Saudi Arabia in relation to their educational and sociocultural backgrounds. Its main aim is to explore the implications of the findings for instructional design, student orientation and teacher training to help improve the cognitive skills and competencies of Saudi women and enhance their role in society. A two-stage, sequential mixed methodology incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods of collecting and analysing the data was used. The participants were 209 first-year female students at King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia, studying English as a foreign language. The data collection instruments consisted of questionnaires, focus groups and observations. Data analysis provided a description of the students’ overall approaches to learning and revealed a number of educational and sociocultural variables that predicted a pattern of learning style and strategy use. In the students’ educational experience, greater priority was given to memorising information than to self-expression, speculation, or analytical skills. Some similarities were identified between the students’ educational experiences and their social activities that corresponded to a reduction in their active involvement in the learning process and influenced their thinking and behaviour. Two major conclusions were drawn from the results. Firstly, cultural background has a strong effect on the students’ preferred learning styles and strategies. Secondly, there is a need to pay more corrective attention to many educationally relevant variables in order to meet the changing and increasing demands of Saudi society. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the obstacles that could possibly influence the successful application of a more communicative/collaborative approach to teaching, learning and personal development are discussed, along with implications for future research.
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Murray, Janet Derosier. « TESTING AN INTERVENTION TO ADDRESS THE SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCE OF MASS MEDIA ON BODY IMAGE : CAN WE REVERSE THE CURSE ? » Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3604.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The adverse effects of exposure to unrealistic ideals in the media are well documented, however, this is the first study to explore the possibility that women may experience improvement in body image and affect via social comparison to women with realistic, non-ideal body shape and size. Using material from The Century Project©, the impact of exposure to nude, non-pornographic photographs of women of varied shape, size, age, and physical condition, and the photographed women's personal commentaries about how they successfully cope with body image concerns was tested using an experimental design. It was hypothesized that exposure to the photographs and their associated commentaries would lead to an improvement in body image, mood, and self-esteem, and that this effect would be moderated by preexisting levels of internalization of the thin ideal and strong core beliefs about the importance of appearance (schematicity). Women exposed to the photos and comments condition experienced significantly less appearance-related anxiety than those exposed to photo-only and comments-only conditions, and internalization, but not schematicity, moderated this effect. Findings suggest women who have a greater tendency to internalize sociocultural body image standards may be more receptive to positive changes in these standards when presented with a persuasive visual and cognitive stimulus. However, without both aspects (visual and commentary) high internalizers appear to experience greater negative reactions to these stimuli.Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Arts and Sciences
Psychology
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Howell, Britteny M. « HEALTHY AGING IN THE NORTH : SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCES ON DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN ANCHORAGE, ALASKA ». UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/24.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Increasing rates of overweight, obesity, and related cardiovascular diseases among older adults in the United States present unique public health challenges. Cross-cultural research has shown marked variation in health across the world’s elder populations because aging is a biological process rooted in sociocultural context. The sociocultural environment contributes to complex negotiations of food and physical activity patterns for older adults. It is well established in the literature that urban residents report low levels of physical activity and have easy access to fast food outlets, which tend to be concentrated in lower-income neighborhoods. I utilize a biocultural framework, integrating nutritional anthropology with healthy aging perspectives to recognize the role of the social determinants of health throughout the lifespan. This anthropological study integrates qualitative and quantitative methods to answer the following research question: What is the relationship between the sociocultural factors that shape diet, physical activity, and nutritional status among Alaskan elders in Anchorage? The results indicate that diet and physical activity practices in this sample do not meet national recommendations and that diet differs adversely from national reference samples. Statistical analyses indicate that the media and friends positively influenced older adults to increase their energy expenditure. Family influences increased fruit consumption, while participation in cultural and social events increased intake of fats and sweets. Cultural identity was an important factor for Alaska Native participants’ dietary selections. Social supports increased access to healthy foods and safe physical activities. This research suggests that trying to reach older adults with diverse needs through a variety of channels, including the media, social networks, and social events, can help alleviate some of the barriers to healthy diet and exercise patterns. These data indicate a need for culturally-responsive programs that maintain relationships with family members and make connections between elders with similar healthy aging goals in order to improve diet and physical activity practices.
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Liang, Jenie Ching-hua. « The influence of role activation and sociocultural factors on the mental health attitudes and coping practices of Asian Pacific Americans / ». view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190530.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-158). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Noll, Brandi Lee. « The Influence of Experiential and Sociocultural Factors on Efficacy and Instructional Practices : Four Case Studies of Primary Teachers of Writing ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1279047280.
Texte intégral
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Wood, Simon. « The Impact of Sociocultural Factors on the Behaviour, Learning Expectations, and Attitudes to Learning of Australian Primary School Students with Chinese-Born Parents ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The educational systems of many Asian countries, and in the context of this project China in particular, are widely perceived by governments and their citizens as superior to the Australian educational system. This perception is due in part to the analysis of successive studies undertaken by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA publish performance tables which demonstrate that the performance of students who took the test in China appears higher than that of students who took the test in Australia. Included in the PISA report is a direct comparison of the levels of Mathematics achievement between non-immigrant students and immigrant students who completed the PISA Mathematics test in several countries, including Australia. The PISA comparison of mathematics test results reveals that students in Australian schools who have Chinese-born parents outperform Chinese students studying in China; the analysis would therefore seem to contradict the perception that the educational system of China is superior to the educational system in Australia. Previous research into the specific practices and involvement of Chinese-born parents in Australia is very limited. Research has also been mainly quantitative with many studies relying on mass PISA data or using data from high school students or older. This study makes a key contribution by focusing on primary age students at the earliest stage of their formal education. Using sociocultural theory as a framework, the purpose of this research study was to examine the attitudes and behaviour of Chinese students and their parents in Australia, to test whether these may be responsible in some part for the comparatively high achievement levels of students with Chinese-born parents. By using an exploratory qualitative case study approach, it aimed to provide an understanding of the nature of the possible social-cultural influences. Data were collected by way of semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with individual participants, including parents, students, and a specialist tutor of Chinese students. This study also establishes that the families in this study express what might be considered traditional culturally Chinese attitudes and beliefs. As a result of these cultural influences it is perhaps the key finding from this study that even primary school students at the earliest stage of their formal education engage in the types of behaviour, and express attitudes, which have been demonstrated to impact most on student achievement. The findings support the Cultural-Historical Assumption which posits that cultural values and beliefs are responsible for student behaviour and performance. The Policies and Structures Assumption, which suggests that educational systems and education policies are the best explanation for differences in student achievement between countries and regions, is not supported. This is important because the broader implication is that non-Chinese students in Australia can achieve similarly if they and their parents approach learning with the same levels of expectation and engagement as their Chinese counterparts.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Education and Professional Studies Research (MEdProfStRes)
School Educ & Professional St
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
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Valdez, Luis A., et Luis A. Valdez. « Exploring the Intersected Influences of Sociocultural Norms and the Social Context on Alcohol and Substance Abuse in Hispanic Men ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625578.
Texte intégralRésumé :
BACKGROUND: Maladaptive patterns of alcohol consumption can lead to clinically significant impairment or distress and have been established as a partial cause of a wide variety of health conditions, including neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic inflammations, certain cancers, and infectious diseases. In the United States, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) men have comparable rates of moderate alcohol consumption, however, Hispanic men are more likely to consume higher volumes of alcohol and with more frequency and experience disproportionate levels of adverse health and social consequences of alcohol abuse when compared to NHW men. Further, Hispanic men face greater barriers than NHW men in accessing, engaging, and completing alcohol abuse treatment services despite the contrasting burden of alcohol-related consequences they face. OBJECTIVES: This dissertation is composed from three studies addressing the following aims to: 1) synthesize the culturally- and gender-responsive components of alcohol and substance abuse and dependence treatment programs designed for Hispanic males in the United States; 2) explore Hispanic male perspectives and opinions regarding alcohol use and abuse patterns that may lead to disparate rates of alcohol abuse in Hispanic males in the United States; and 3) examine U.S. Hispanic male perspectives regarding the barriers to alcohol abuse treatment-seeking related behaviors that lead to disparate treatment engagement and completion rates. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted for Aim 1 in which articles reporting on culturally- and/or gender-adapted alcohol and/or substance abuse interventions designed exclusively for Hispanic males were identified. Aim 2 and Aim 3 used semi-structured interviews to elicit Hispanic male perspectives of alcohol abuse and alcohol abuse treatment seeking behaviors. Separate thematic analyses were conducted as per the objectives of Aims 2 and 3. Data analysis was based on a deductive process including a preliminary codebook that was supplemented with inductive codes that surfaced during iterative thematic analyses. RESULTS: Regarding Aim 1, literature searches yielded 2685 titles, resulting in 12 articles that fit the parameters of the review. The most scientifically rigorous findings suggest that cultural adaptations may outperform standard treatment for Hispanic men (n=6). Nevertheless, a fraction of the included interventions (n=4) did not improve outcomes compared to standard treatment. Considering the scarce number of publications, it is difficult to discern how much findings reflect ineffective interventions or methodological limitations. Findings for Aim 2 indicate that there are intersected effects of machismo, a culture of normalized overconsumption, social context stressors, and poor coping strategies that may influence maladaptive relationships with alcohol use. Findings for Aim 3 suggest that treatment seeking behaviors are highly influenced by; a) structural factors related to treatment accessibility, and linguistic and cultural-responsiveness of available treatment, b) sociocultural factors related to difficulties problematizing alcohol abuse due to lack of knowledge and cultural normalization of consumption, and societal stigmatization of alcohol abuse treatment, and c) individual factors related to machismo-bound pride as well as lack of knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Given the rapid expansion of the Hispanic population in the United States, and the parallel growth of alcohol abuse implications in this population, it is imperative that we learn where these problems may be rooted to better understand how to diminish the existing gaps. Collectively, these findings point to the need for treatment providers to disseminate accurate information about treatment availability and eligibility, and the treatment process. This work also illustrates the need to for consciousness building efforts targeting the Hispanic male community regarding the detrimental effects of alcohol-related problems and treatment, in order to diminish the stigma. Increased or redistributed funding for linguistically and culturally responsive programs is also needed in communities with large Hispanic populations in order to meet the growing demand, particularly for the uninsured. Further research is needed to identify other potential barriers and recovery resources for this population and other Hispanic subgroups in other parts of the United States.
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Vuckovic, Nancy Helen. « You do what you have to do : Cultural and sociocultural influences on self-medication behavior in the United States ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187108.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation is about the self-medication practices of 40 women in the Southwestern United States, and about the beliefs and practical exigencies which influence those practices on a day-to-day basis. I document cultural knowledge about health, illness, and medicines present in the contemporary U.S. Coexisting models of health are revealed the first of which advocates avoidance of medicines and views medicines as potentialy harmful. The second reflects a dependence on medicine to provide a quick fix for social as well as physical ills. I then examine the changing cultural social, and economic conditions which affect household medication decisions. The effects of time pressures changing gender roles, and lack of health insurance are considered in particular. Findings of this study suggest that these factors lead women to aggressively treat symptoms with medications in an effort to provide for their families within the constraints of time famine, multiple responsibilities, and restricted access to medical care. The narratives women tell about self-medication efforts are integral to their strategies for survival because they enable women to transform situations of "making do" into esteem-building episodes. I conclude by discussing the implications of my findings for anthropological theory as well as for health care policy.
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Fountain, Hollie Elizabeth. « An investigation into the nature of psychological resilience in junior athletes ». Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/output/979005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Psychological resilience has been described as a multidimensional, context specific concept, and has been defined in numerous ways that attempt to encapsulate the process by which individuals positively adapt following stress or significant adversity. Research within competitive sport has highlighted several components that influence this process, which include; meta-cognitions and challenge appraisals, coping strategies, personal risk and protective factors, and sociocultural influences (Brown et al., 2015; Galli & Vealey, 2008; Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012; Sarkar & Fletcher, 2014a). Significantly, resilience is described as a dynamic process that is developed through exposure to challenge within the competitive environment (Galli & Vealey, 2008); however, little is known about the nature of psychological resilience at a junior level. The understanding of how resilience is conceptualised at this level is important as this knowledge can help to foster the appropriate protective and promotive factors required to thrive in a competitive junior environment, and best equip athletes for future periods of unrest. The aims of the current research program were to investigate the nature of psychological resilience within a junior sport context, and to explore appropriate measures or methodological approaches by which to achieve this. To achieve these, eight research objectives are presented. To address these objectives, five research investigations were proposed: Study 1. This study aimed to explore the psychometric qualities of the original 25-item CD-RISC (Connor & Davidson, 2003) amongst a sample of junior athletes. Three hundred and forty seven athletes (M age=15.42, SD=1.72) completed the original CD-RISC questionnaire. Participants represented a range of individual and team sports. Internal consistency and factor structure were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analyses (EFA). CFAs did not support the original 5-factor or unitary factor structure of the 25-item CD-RISC, but did support a unidimensional shortened 10-item measure (Cambell-Sills & Stein, 2007). Subsequently, an EFA and CFA also supported a valid and reliable 2-factor sport specific version of the CD-RISC, which was favoured based on stronger conceptual and theoretical support. This study supports the contention that resilience is not consistent across all populations and context specific measures may be required e.g., sport specific. The emergent 2-factor measurement model suggests an underlying structure of resilience in sport that represents an individual's control through adversity and growth mindset. Study 2. The aim of this study was to explore the nature of resilience within junior sport, with a specific focus on sport type, gender and age differences, and the association between resilience and sensation seeking characteristics. Participants completed the modified version of the CD-RISC, which emerged in the previous study and the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS; Hoyle at al., 2002), which measures dispositional risk taking behaviours. The results suggested that male and team athletes have significantly higher resilience scores than their female and individual sport counterparts. In general, protective factors associated with resilience positively relate to sensation seeking characteristics. Specifically, feelings relating to ‘control through adversity' more broadly relate to tendencies leading to greater risk exposure. These findings may suggest that those with a greater perception of control take more calculated risks and set goals that are more challenging. This may offer the opportunity to increase personal mastery through developed interpersonal relations, emotional expression, problem solving skills and coping resources. Nevertheless, our understanding of resilience seems limited by the capacity of a psychometric questionnaire to encapsulate such a complex construct. Study 3. This study aimed to provide a review of the literature concerning resilience in athletes, with a specific focus on identifying the differing methodological approaches to examine the nature of the construct in sport. Fourteen research articles that attempted to directly measure psychological resilience with an athlete sample were identified using both quantitative (n=8) and qualitative (n=6) approaches. Quantitative research has increased conceptual understanding of resilience in sport, relating to its positive associations with similar constructs (e.g., mental toughness), and its moderation qualities. This approach permits statistical analyses to track development, however is unlikely to offer sufficient depth to understanding given the complexities surrounding both the construct of psychological resilience and the nature of an elite sporting environment. Qualitative studies have helped to develop theoretical understanding of psychological resilience amongst athletes through adopting phenomenological methodologies, however, the application of knowledge relies on user generalisability alone and does not offer an objective measure of the construct. The review proposes an exploration of novel methodological approaches that consider the positive elements of both qualitative and quantitative research, but does not consolidate their pitfalls. Study 4. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel tool to measure psychological resilience using a Q-method approach. Specifically, this study aimed to construct a Q-set, by identifying the subjective viewpoints of junior rugby league players, associated with how they would respond to stress or adversity and their perceptions of the resilience process. Twenty-nine junior rugby league players (aged 13-14) were recruited to take part in one of two focus groups designed to generate statements relating to responses to adversity. Thirty statements emerged following inductive thematic analysis, and were retained for the Q-set. There are commonalities between these statements and characteristics of theoretical models and previous research concerning psychological resilience in sport. Study 5. The purpose of this study was to use the Q-set developed in the previous study to explore the nature of psychological resilience in the context of junior Rugby League, using a novel Q-sort method. Sixty junior rugby league players (aged 13-14) completed a standard Q-sort protocol, ranking the previously developed 30-item Q-set using a fixed quasi normal distribution, with anchors of +5 (most like me) to -5 (least like me). PQ Method statistical analysis software was used to analyse the data. Principle component analysis with varimax rotation identified four distinct subgroups that explained 72% of the total variance. These groups were distinguished through patterns relating to: social support, emotional control, unpleasant emotions, personal resources, and cognitive strategies. Shared qualities across the four subgroups were also identified, and included low ratings for evasion strategies, and seeking support, whilst generally high ratings for perseverance. The results from this study showed that junior rugby league players display a range of psychological responses when experiencing adversity and four subgroups with both defining and shared characteristics emerged. This study provides preliminary evidence for the potential usefulness of a Q-method approach for understanding the process of resilience in junior sport. Q-methodology provides an alternative to previous research designs attempting to understand the nature of resilience, and offers an engaging activity to participants, encouraging analytical reflections of their experiences. In summary, the data collected within the current research program has presented an original contribution to knowledge concerning the nature of psychological resilience in junior sport.The thesis has delivered the first study of its kind, by employing Q-methodology to understand psychological resilience, revealing previously untapped complexities associated with the construct. This approach offers future researchers and practitioners the depth of insight and level of objectivity associated with qualitative and quantitative measures respectively, and recommends this as a viable alternative to psychometric measures of resilience.
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Liu, Ying Popkin Barry M. « Sociocultural perspectives of physical activity patterns in American adolescents 1. Association patterns of health risk behaviors 2. Effects of peer influence / ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1268.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 26, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Nutrition." Discipline: Nutrition; Department/School: Public Health.
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Perkins, Amanda M. « Influence of Demographic, Psychosocial, Physiological and Sociocultural Variables on Exercise Adherence Among African Americans Enrolled in the Fit 4 Life Study ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/165901.
Texte intégralRésumé :
KinesiologyPh.D.
Exercise adherence is fundamental in the management of hypertension and other chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first purpose was to examine patterns of adherence and to describe the influences of demographic, psychosocial, physiological, and sociocultural variables on adherence among African Americans enrolled in the Fit 4 Life study. The second purpose was to determine follow-up exercise behaviors of participants previously enrolled in the Fit 4 Life study. A mixed-methods approach was used with questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A total of 75 African Americans (mean age = 51.8) who were previously enrolled in the Fit 4 Life study completed a several measures, which included a demographic questionnaire, psychosocial measures (SOC - Short Form; EBBS; BARSE; MHLC - Form C; SLS), and physiological tests (e.g., BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose, cholesterol). Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with exercise adherers (n = 5) and non-adherers (n = 4) who returned the questionnaires. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and resulted in the emergence of four themes, and 10 associated subthemes, which described the participants' perceptions of exercise, their environment, and how these elements influence exercise behavior. The major themes were: benefits, barriers, facilitators, African American. Analysis revealed that adherers were able to identify greater physical activity benefits, and developed strategies to overcome barriers to exercise, including finding sources of social support outside of their friends and family. Adherers were also more likely to view self-efficacy as a benefit of exercise, as well as view exercise as an opportunity to focus on themselves. Through a series of chi-square analyses and independent samples t-tests, quantitative results revealed that adherers lived in smaller households and worked part-time. Adherers also had lower diastolic blood pressures, weighed less, had lower resting metabolic rates, less fat mass, and lower BMIs than non-adherers. Finally, adherers perceived fewer barriers to exercise, and had greater life satisfaction than non-adherers.
Temple University--Theses
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Moberg, Peggy-sue. « - Hej ! Jag är lite early ! : En vetenskaplig essä om kommunikation och samarbete mellan förskola och hem med svenska som andraspråk ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41022.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This scientific essay is about communication and collaboration between the preschool and a home with Swedish as a second language and has its foundation based on two dilemmas. The first dilemma describes a parent-teacher conference that I have with a guardian who has Swedish as their second language. In the conversation, I feel that the communication is failing, even though I get help from an interpreter. The second dilemma is also about a conversation with a guardian who has Swedish as their second language, but this conversation takes place more spontaneously. The second conversation also leads to misunderstanding as communication between us fails. My aim with this essay is to investigate how communication affects the collaboration between the preschool and home. As well as whether the language has any significance for communication and how it affects the children's right to influence and participation in the preschool. The method I use in the degree project is essay writing as I reflect on my role as a teacher and try to understand my thoughts from the guardians' perspectives. I reflect on my issues that have emerged from my designs with the help of the socio-cultural and intercultural perspective and other relevant literature. This essay has made me reflect on my cultural identity, both in my professional role and as an individual, and how I use my experiences in social contexts. My hope for this essay is to increase my understanding of others' perspectives more than I have experienced before.
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Highley, Thomas A. « Agents of Influence : A Metaphor Analysis of Middle Level Students’ and Teachers’ Conceptualizations Surrounding Blended Learning ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535702776334066.
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Payler, Jane Katherine. « Exploring foundations : sociocultural influences on the learning processes of four year old children in a pre-school and reception class ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419138.
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Tramm, Ralph. « Prevalence and determinants of the health promotion and risk reduction practices of younger female survivors of breast cancer ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/39300/1/Ralph_Tramm_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis describes a discrete component of a larger mixed-method (survey and interview) study that explored the health-promotion and risk-reduction practices of younger premenopausal survivors of ovarian, breast and haematological cancers. This thesis outlines my distinct contribution to the larger study, which was to: (1) Produce a literature review that thoroughly explored all longer-term breast cancer treatment outcomes, and which outlined the health risks to survivors associated with these; (2) Describe and analyse the health-promotion and risk-reduction behaviours of nine younger female survivors of breast cancer as articulated in the qualitative interview dataset; and (3) Test the explanatory power of the Precede-Proceed theoretical framework underpinning the study in relation to the qualitative data from the breast cancer cohort. The thesis reveals that breast cancer survivors experienced many adverse outcomes as a result of treatment. While they generally engaged in healthy lifestyle practices, a lack of knowledge about many recommended health behaviours emerged throughout the interviews. The participants also described significant internal and external pressures to behave in certain ways because of the social norms surrounding the disease. This thesis also reports that the Precede-Proceed model is a generally robust approach to data collection, analysis and interpretation in the context of breast cancer survivorship. It provided plausible explanations for much of the data in this study. However, profound sociological and psychological implications arose during the analysis that were not effectively captured or explained by the theories underpinning the model. A sociological filter—such as Turner’s explanation of the meaning of the body and embodiment in the social sphere (Turner, 2008)—and the psychological concerns teased out in Mishel’s (1990) Uncertainty in Illness Theory, provided a useful dimension to the findings generated through the Precede-Proceed model. The thesis concludes with several recommendations for future research, clinical practice and education in this context.
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Powers, Sara Morgan. « The Influence of Cultural Values on the Informal Caregiving Experience of Dependent Older Adults ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1403531249.
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GUIGUET, JULIANA MOREIRA SILVA. « L`INFLUENCE DES ASPECTS SOCIOCULTURELS ET ORGANISATIONNELS SUR LE PROCESSUS D`ADAPTATION DE L`EXPATRIÉ : LE CAS DE PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4118@1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PSA PEUGEOT CITRÖENCes dernières décennies, le phénomène de lenvoi de travailleurs à létranger, communément appelé expatriation, a fait lobjet détudes dans les domaines des sciences sociales, de la politique et de léconomie, de lanthropologie et de la psychologie. Dans le domaine administratif, la grande majorité des études se concentrent sur la gestion du processus de transfert et très peu sur ladaptation personnelle de lexpatrié. Lon constate également dans cette littérature que la plupart des études de cas font références à des entreprises nordaméricaines, au détriment danalyses prenant en compte une plus grande diversité culturelle. Dans ce contexte, cette étude apporte un nouvel éclairage sur le sujet, en analysant la situation dune entreprise dorigine européenne pratiquant lexpatriation dans sa gestion des ressources internationales. Lobjectif principal de létude a été didentifier comment et avec quelle intensité les aspects organisationnels et socioculturels influent sur ladaptation de lexpatrié. Lentreprise considérée est le constructeur automobile PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN qui possèdent des filiales dans différents pays. Ont été interrogés douze employés de lentreprise qui vécurent des échanges internationaux, que ce soit de la maison mère vers une filiale étrangère ou dune filiale vers la maison mère, certains dentre eux ayant vécus le cycle complet de lexpatriation jusquau retour dans leur pays dorigine. Parmi de nombreux aspects, il ressort que le contexte professionnel et la vie personnelle de chaque individu peuvent être des facteurs influençant son adaptation à la situation dexpatriation de façon plus significative que les différences culturelles entre pays.
Nas últimas décadas, o tema da transferência de profissionais entre países, à qual convencionou-se chamar de expatriação, tem sido foco central de estudo em diversos campos tais como as ciências sociais, políticas e econômicas, a antropologia e a psicologia. No âmbito da Administração, a maior parte dos estudos concentra-se sobre aspectos gerenciais do processo de transferência, com pouco foco sobre a adaptação pessoal do expatriado. Verifica-se também na literatura da área uma maior concentração de estudos de casos de empresas norteamericanas, em detrimento de análises que levem em conta diferentes realidades culturais. Assim, o presente estudo procura trazer nova luz ao tema, analisando uma situação que envolve uma empresa de origem européia que utiliza a expatriação como uma prática na gestão internacional de seus profissionais. O objetivo principal do estudo foi o de identificar quais, como e em que grau de intensidade os aspectos organizacionais e sócio-culturais influenciam a adaptação do expatriado. A empresa focalizada foi a PSA Peugeot Citröen, fabricante de automóveis de origem francesa que possui filiais em diferentes países. Foram entrevistados doze profissionais da empresa que experimentaram o processo de transferência entre países, tanto da matriz francesa para filiais quanto de filiais para a matriz, incluindo-se no grupo indivíduos que viveram o ciclo completo da expatriação, até o retorno ao seu país de origem. Entre outros aspectos, os resultados sugerem que as condições profissionais e de vida pessoal de cada indivíduo podem representar fatores que influenciam a sua adaptação à situação de expatriação de modo até mesmo mais significativo do que as diferenças culturais entre países.
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Tillman, Ida. « Barns inflytande och delaktighet i förskolan : Pedagogers uppfattningar om begreppen inflytande, delaktighet och dess tillämpning i förskolan ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66150.
Texte intégralRésumé :
SammanfattningSyftet med studien är att få reda på hur pedagoger beskriver och arbetar med begreppen ”barns inflytande” och delaktighet i förskolan. Detta är viktigt att få en inblick i, då dessa begrepp benämns som strävansmål i förskolans styrdokument, Lpfö 98/16 (Skolverket, 2016).Metoden som valts i studien är semi-strukturerade intervjuer, för att undersöka pedagogernas uppfattningar kring deras erfarenheter av barns inflytande och delaktighet i förskolan och vad begreppet betyder för dem som pedagoger. Fyra pedagoger intervjuades till studien.I studiens resultat kan man utläsa att begreppet inflytande definieras som att det handlar om att involvera barnen i verksamheten och att de får möjlighet att bestämma men också om hur barnen blir delaktiga i verksamheten. Pedagogerna är enade om att barnen bör ha möjlighet till inflytande över sin vardag. Det gäller att hitta en strategi så möjligheten finns till att se varje barn och dess intresse. Det är viktigt att barnen får uttrycka sina åsikter och att man som pedagog tar till sig av dem. Pedagogerna tydliggör vikten av hur kroppsspråk och bilder är bra hjälpmedel för att visa tydlighet, förstå och göra sig förstådda, då de yngre barnen kan sakna det verbala språket. Dessa hjälpmedel underlättar för barnen att kunna påverka sin situation och möjligheten till inflytande i verksamheten.The purpose of this study is to find out about pre-school teachers´ description and work with the concept of "children´s influence" and participation. This is important since this is one of the preschool assignment according to the preschool curriculum Lpfö 98 (Skolverket, 2016).To study preschool teachers' experiences and thoughts about children's influence and partici-pation in preschool, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four preschool teachers. The study results show that the concept of influence is defined as involving the children in the business and that they have the opportunity to decide, but also how the children participate in the activities. The preschool teachers show a variation in experiencing children’s influence the meanings and conception differentiated. Some preschool teachers perceive it as children should decide more in preschool. Others believe children should be more involved in every-day decisions and activities.Children should have the opportunity to influence their everyday lives, as a preschool teacher this is about finding a strategies and opportunities to see each child and its interest. The preschool teachers clarify the importance of how body language and images are useful tools to show clarity and understanding, when younger children don´t have the verbal language. It is important for the preschool teacher to be responsive, listening and enable possibilities for the children to express their needs and desires.These educational strategies make it easier for the children to influence their situation and the ability to influence in preschool.
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Williams, Jennifer L. « ADVICE, INFLUENCE, AND INDEPENDENCE : ADOLESCENT NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES AND OUTCOMES IN BELFAST, NORTHERN IRELAND ». UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/9.
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The goal of this dissertation is to discuss relationships between the sociocultural environment and nutritional status outcomes in an urban industrialized city with high rates of poverty. The purpose is to highlight the complex web of factors shaping nutritional status outcomes and move beyond cause and effect approaches to nutrition in an environment where obesity is a central nutritional concern. To accomplish this goal, I examine a range of factors that relate to adolescent nutritional practices and nutritional status outcomes in a sample population of adolescents living in Belfast, Northern Ireland. I discuss connections between social locations such as age, gender, geographic area, and socioeconomic status. I also highlight the range of nutritional status outcomes observed in the sample population, while examining broader social, political, and economic aspects of the lives of adolescents that differentially shape nutrition-related experiences in the city. Finally, I demonstrate that adolescents occupy a complex social location in which autonomy, advice, and influence from sociocultural and political-economic factors shape their diet and exercise practices and nutritional status outcomes in multi-faceted, and at times unexpected, ways. In doing so, I emphasize the benefits of a localized, rather than a globalized approach to nutritional concerns such as obesity.
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Garcia-Rea, Elizabeth Ann. « Acculturation and Sociocultural Influences as Predictors of Family Relationships and Body Image Dissatisfaction in African American, Hispanic American, and European American Women ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5463/.
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Ethnic differences in etiological factors linked to body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders were examined. In addition, the interaction of acculturation and body image dissatisfaction in influencing minority women's relationships with their parents was investigated. Participants consisted of 302 undergraduates from three ethnic groups: Caucasian, Hispanic American, and African American women who were administered self-report measures. Differences were not found between the groups in body image dissatisfaction. Low self-esteem, internalization of the thin ideal, and family emphasis on weight and appearance were all related to more body image dissatisfaction for each of these groups; however, differences in degree of endorsement were also noted between the ethnic groups on these factors. Based on the interaction findings (body image x acculturation) separation from one's mother was found in the area of attitudes and emotions for the Hispanic sample but not for the African American sample on any of the parent scales. Areas for future research and implications for diagnosis and treatment of minority populations are also discussed.
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Thompson-Leonardelli, Kenya Irena. « Is thin in : the influence of sociocultural variables on the development of body image and disordered eating in African and European American college women ». The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261313408.
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Thompson-Leonardelli, Kenya Irene. « Is thin in : the influence of sociocultural variables on the development of body image and disordered eating in African and European American college women / ». The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148646270246691.
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Thompson-Leonardelli, Kenya Irene. « Is thin in : the influence of sociocultural variables on the development of body image and idsordered eating in African and European American college women / ». Connect to resource, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261313408.
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Fisher, Anne. « What influences student teachers' ability to promote dialogic talk in the primary classroom ? » Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3216.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis examines what it is that enables postgraduate student teachers to promote the recently introduced curriculum innovation, dialogic talk, in primary classrooms. Drawing on literature relating to the way talk has been enacted in English classrooms for the last thirty five years, it suggests that patterns of verbal interaction have continued to prove resistant to change, despite policy imperatives and university courses. Adopting a collaborative action research approach, data were collected in three cycles over three years to investigate the perceptions of three successive cohorts of postgraduate students of the role of talk in learning, and the place of the teacher in developing it. Using a sociocultural lens, students’ conceptual and pedagogic understanding of dialogic talk, and their ability to promote it, is examined in depth through nine case studies, as are the factors which the participants themselves identify as enabling or inhibiting engagement with innovation. It is suggested that the lack of a commonly agreed definition, and of readily available theoretical guidance, has reduced dialogic talk to just another label. As such, it can play no significant part in developing practice beyond rapid question-and-answer routines of ‘interactive teaching’ and the potentially reductive IRF (Initiation, Response, Feedback) script recorded by researchers (Mroz et al, 2000; Myhill, 2006) before, and after the inception of the National Literacy Strategy (1998a). Turning to the role of the university, it questions the place of the ‘demonstration lesson’ and whole cohort lectures, urging that significant changes need to be made to the role of the teaching practice tutor, and the nature of ‘partnership’ between schools and university departments. Finally, it speculates that without a significant change in the way university departments examine, and address, the values, attitudes and memories of talk that student teachers bring with them from their own primary classrooms, there will continue to be replication of practice.
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Burke, Natasha L. « The Relation between Adiposity and Anxiety in Youth : Analysis of Peer Victimization, Teasing, Sociocultural Influences, and Internalization of Appearance Ideals as Explanatory Variables ». Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5651.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine putative mediators and moderators in the association between adiposity and anxiety in a sample of overweight and obese youth. In addition, anxiety was examined as a potential moderator between adiposity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Participants were youth (N = 137) between 8 and 17 years old (M = 13.09, SD = 2.61) and their legal caregivers recruited from four medical clinics affiliated with the University of South Florida. Youth were primarily overweight (28.5%) or obese (64.2%) and ethnically diverse. Data were analyzed by path analysis. Weight-related teasing significantly mediated the association between adiposity and child reported anxiety, but competency-related teasing and peer victimization were not significant mediators. Internalization of appearance ideals significantly moderated the association between adiposity and anxiety by child report; however, no significant moderations were found for parent report. Additionally, sociocultural pressures to meet appearance ideals were not significant moderators by child or parent report. Notably, anxiety significantly moderated the association between adiposity and social functioning by child report, with those experiencing greater anxiety evidencing poorer social quality of life. However, anxiety did not moderate the association between adiposity and other domains of HRQOL by parent or child report. Given the significant increase in pediatric overweight and obesity in recent decades, it is particularly important to understand the psychosocial implications of excess adiposity in youth. Clinical and research implications are discussed focusing on the mechanisms between adiposity and anxiety and suggested clinical interventions to address said mechanisms.
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Hernandez, Reyes Christine M. « The sociocultural factors that influenced the success of non-traditional, Latina, pre-service teachers in a required online instructional media and technology course ». Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15274.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Curriculum & Instruction
M. Gail Shroyer
Home computer ownership and Internet access have become essential to education, job security and economic opportunity. The digital divide, the gap between those who can afford and can use computer technolgies remains greatest for ethnic/racial groups placing them at a disadvantage for economic and eductional opportunties. The purpose of the study was to gain understanding and insight into the sociocultural factors influencing the digital divide as related to Latinos as a group, specifically a group of non-traditional Latina pre-service teachers from Southwestern Kansas in a required online instructional media and technology course. The folowing sociocultural factors 1) generational status, 2) English language ability, 3) educational attainment, 4) socioeconomic status and 5) gender identity are defined and identified in relationship to the success of eight Latina non-traditional, pre-service teachers in a required online instructional media and technology course as a requirement in their pursuit of a degree in elementary education. Four of the five sociocultural factors explored in this study; generational status, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and gender roles appeared to influence the success of Hispanic, non-traditional pre-service teachers enrolled in the required online instructional media and technology course. Only one of the factors, English language ability, did not appear to have any direct influence on the success of these particular students. Although many of the students struggled with conventional use of English and this undoubtedly influenced their success in other courses, it did not inhibit their success in the on-line media and technology course. Participants were most expressive in their personal interviews about the influence of gender roles, both as a motivator and an inhibitor of success. These sociocultural factors also influence one another, particularly as generational status influences, English language ability, educational attainment, gender roles, and ultimately socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status, in turn, highly influences computer ownership and Internet access which leads to reduced familiarity with computer and technology terminology, prior experience with computers, and the participant’s perceived self-efficacy in using computer technology for teaching. These factors all then influence the digital divide and the gaps that exist between Hispanics and other racial / ethnic groups.