Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Industries – Sociological aspects »

The goal is to identify the features and prospects for production of dietary meat in Kazakhstan, to reveal the problems that constrain it. Methods – statistical, sociological research, analytical. Results – the development of poultry and rabbit breeding industries is shown. Additional opportunities for expanding the dietary meat market are analyzed: growing ostriches, quails, turkeys, etc. The paper assesses the export and import of poultry meat and by-products, the dynamics of poultry farming indicators over a number of years. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of breeding cattle and ostriches has been carried out. The reasons hindering the expansion of production of dietary meat are summarized: competitive advantages of producing countries in CIS and abroad; historically developed mentality of the population; low level of advertizing; lack of veterinary certification for ostrich and rabbit meat, bird flu; insignificant interest from investors. Conclusions – there is a need for effective public support for the development of the industry on the basis of concessional lending to entrepreneurship, tax exemption for enterprises during the formation of this type of business, public assistance in the field of product certification; support for R&D by investor to empower the industry; its modernization, equipping with the latest equipment, improving technologies for obtaining environmentally friendly organic products. The production of dietary meat is economically profitable and has the potential for its comprehensive distribution on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The article aims to review studies of various aspects of the Russian innovation system, which were conducted under the auspices of the leading sociological centers of the Russian Federation, in order to identify and compare the heuristic potential of the methodical and methodological approaches and models applied, as well as to conduct a secondary analysis of the empirical data obtained through them. Materials of research conducted at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the National Research University Higher School of Economics, the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Association of Innovative Regions of Russia are used in the present study. A secondary analysis of the considered empirical data and approaches to their analysis in the context of improving the heuristic potential of the narrative institutional analysis of the Russian innovation system is carried out. The paper demonstrates that the consistency of narratives and studied data, including indicators of official statistics, is ambiguous. The article considers the interrelation of indicators and narratives about certain problematic issues such as the volume and sources of innovation funding, the importance of intellectual property rights registration for the innovation implementation, the need for long-term planning for the implementation of innovations, the state's focus on stimulation of innovation, the most and least innovative industries and types of economic activities.

This article discusses some possibilities for a critical interpretation of Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory. On the one hand, this theory could provide a sophisticated new sociological account of well-known modern social pathologies, such as alienation and reification; on the other, it could be considered a crypto-normative model for the reciprocal mediation between system and environment in which neither blind tautologies nor colonizations would take place. I argue that as a normative model this theoretical matrix seems to resonate with aspects of Adorno’s negative dialectics between subject and object and that the involuntary promise it contains could be fully realized only under other social conditions. The article also presents a preliminary critique of neoliberalism reconceptualized in systems theoretical terms as a dedifferentiation machinery that aims at establishing the primacy of economic rationality and the formation of ‘industries’ in different social spheres.

Chernihiv is a large city in the north of Ukraine, which has been the center of socio-cultural and political life of Ukrainians since the times of Kyivan Rus’. Today, it is an industrial and cultural center, an important transport hub. In recent years, positive changes have been observed in the socio-economic development of Chernihiv. The article reveals the main features of urban development. Its tasks and main elements are described. The situation related to the state of air pollution, water resources, including in Chernihiv, was analyzed. The main sources of environmental pollution are described. The problem of solid waste management in the city is considered. Urban noise has been described as a factor in air pollution that adversely affects human health. The effect of insolation within the city is characterized, the consequences and requirements for its consideration in the planning of cities, districts or neighborhoods are indicated. The analysis of the aeration regime of the city territory as a factor influencing the comfort of living in the city is carried out. The role of green plantations is determined, which is an important element of the natural environment and improvement of urban space. Three types of comfort in the city (ecological, social and urban) are described and their main features are pointed out. Our vision of a comfortable city, which should be compact, convenient and polycentric, to provide equal access to benefits to different segments of society, is proposed. The industrial complex and the reasons for the decline in the pace and volume of industrial production in some previously leading industries are described. The main enterprises of Chernihiv that imple­ment modern technological solutions are identified. The transport complex of the city and tendencies of its further development are considered. An analysis of health, education, culture and recreation facilities, as well as the situation in the social sphere of Chernihiv. An analysis of a sociological survey among the city’s residents on the improvement problems which concern resi­dents the most has been carried out. This study showed that the most pressing issues for citizens are garbage removal and household waste management, the problem of heat supply and public transport. An analysis of respondents’ responses re­vealed that they support positive trends in the creation of new sports and children’s playgrounds, but want these facilities to be within walking distance of their place of residence. Most citizens are satisfied with the work of the city authorities to address the issues of improvement and comfort of Chernihiv, hoping for further positive changes. The paper identifies the priority areas of development of Chernihiv for the coming years. Among them: improving the living standards of the population, improving the environment, further economic growth, increasing employment in the city, updating and creating new quality infrastructure, supporting small and medium-sized businesses.

The article reveals the main features of the development of the urban environment. The structure of the urban economy, the environmental aspects of the development of modern cities are considered. The economic progress of any city is closely related to the territory in which it is located. Prioritization of use by individual territories depends on changes in the socio-economic sphere. The main factors of transformational changes in the urban economy are highlighted, among them – the development of human society, which stimulates the emergence of new industries and technologies, the gradual loss of the cities industrial function due to the increasing influence of the services sector, concentration in the cities large numbers of the population, which causes the renovation of the infrastructure, development of service, cultural and entertainment facilities, the environmental degradation, which encourages cities to refuse dirty production and road transport. The ecological state of Chernihiv and the dynamics of its changes are characterized. Chernihiv belongs to the type of cities with relatively high level of industrial development. Industrial complex of the city, having significant share in the real sector of economy of the city, considerably influences the level and quality of life of city inhabitants. Industrial enterprises of the city went through a deep economic crisis, and beginning since 2002, stood on the way of post-crisis development, that means stabilization and rebirth of production. One of the peculiarities of industrial infrastructure of the city is that most of industrial facilities are located outside residential areas of the city. Analyzed the results of a survey among residents of the city on the idea of sustainable (balanced) development. According to the data, the population is characterized by insufficient information about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results of a sociological study record the trend of the gradual spread of eco-regulatory practices among the population. First of all, it concerns energy conservation, cycling and rational use of natural resources.

Purpose This study aims to analyse the impact of e-paper on many existing industries including paper, publishing, book distribution, display, handheld device manufacturers and content service providers. Flexible display has been studied by many institutes, firms and market research companies. Some believe that e-paper is an exceptional application for flexible display, and the need for flexible display development for handheld devices and cloud-based e-book content is indisputable. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the Delphi technique and STEEP (Sociological, Technological, Economic, Environmental and Political aspects) with a panel to analyse a business model and the opportunity for the development of e-paper in Taiwan up to the year 2020. Findings The study concludes that e-paper content and customised digital services are an essential part of e-paper development, while hardware and cloud data are no more than a mechanism to show, compute and store data. Thus, whether the screen of a handheld device is flexible may not be of importance. Although e-paper will affect the display industry, it will not substitute for handheld devices and traditional bookstores. Originality/value This research can be used as a reference for government, academics, industry and international investors.

The relevance of the study is due to the level of attention of the state and the public to the development of student sports, its growing role in the socialization of students. The purpose of the study is to determine approaches and identify features of the development of university sports on the example of the city of Moscow. The hypothesis of the study is that the determination of key barriers to the development of university sports in various megacities has a number of similar features, includes issues of interaction between various industries (i.e. education, physical culture and sports, healthcare, etc.), and also reflects the level of interaction of various stakeholder organizations in this process. The study examined official statistics, current regulatory and legal documents, as well as information from sociological surveys conducted among students in Moscow. The analysis identified the key organizations that influence the development of university sports in Moscow and the main barriers to their effective interaction. The study also used an analysis of international experience in the development of university sports and the study of existing models. A distinctive feature of the study is the consideration of the issue of various aspects and activities for the development of university sports in the world’s megacities: Berlin, Paris, London and Beijing.

Purpose Drawing on sociological theories of Giddens, Bourdieu and Goffman, the purpose of this paper is to explore how different relationships are characterized between actors in interaction and determine whether social theories of practice resonate as being practical to managers. Design/methodology/approach In the empirical investigations, the authors employ the Delphi method whereby the authors “elevate” six highly experienced marketing practitioners in Dubai and Bangkok, each in different industries and from different cultural backgrounds, to designated “expert” positions in exploring the practical relevance of the practice-based theories of Bourdieu, the dramaturgy of Goffman and the structuration theory of Giddens in understanding practical experiences of managing in business-to-business networks. Findings The results show that aspects of these theories are consistent with practitioners’ experiences in many ways but the theories themselves do not appear to resonate with the modernist practical consciousness of the participants as being particularly pragmatic or practically useful except as resources they could selectively borrow from as bricoleurs of changing action. Originality/value Social practice theories appear rather too abstract and complex to practical actors. It is therefore paradoxical that social practice theories do not appear as sufficiently “handy” or “ready to hand” in Heidegger’s (1962) terms; being in need of translation into practical usefulness. It would appear that social practice theories can be a useful analytical vehicle for the academic analyst but cannot resonate with the modernist consciousness of the practical actor.

Introduction: along with major civilizational revolutions, the past 50 years have seen advances of the biotechnological, or genetic, revolution. It has resulted in the development of industries such as transplantology, pro-creative technologies, gerontology, etc., which led to a sharp change in the anthropological situation and transformation of human corporeality. Due to the biotechnological revolution, people learned how to diagnose and treat hereditary diseases, life expectancy increased, and birth control became possible. This revolution gave rise to a new conceptual language, in the structure of which the concept of ‘genomic information’ occupies the most important place. Purpose: the article is devoted to the analysis and substantiation of the areas of legal impact on the results of genomic research, which is caused by technological modernization and new information processes occurring in chemical, biological, and medical science and practice. To achieve this goal, the authors study the problems arising from the circulation of genomic information and analyze the directions of legal impact on new objects appearing as a result of advances in genomic research. Methods: the methodological framework of the research is based on universal (philosophical), general scientific, specific (including special legal) scientific methods: dialectical, logical, concrete historical, sociological, comparative legal and formal legal. The specificity of the research subject determined the use of the systems approach. Results: we can distinguish three aspects in the analysis of the concept of ‘genome’: functional, informational, axiological. The genome is defined in different ways depending on which of the aspects is chosen; accordingly, different legal means and elements of legal impact are used within each of the aspects. Legal relations being the focus of the legislators' attention have a significant influence on the choice of means of legal impact. Conclusions: today it is necessary to seek solutions on how to legally ensure the establishment, regulation, protection of social relations in the field of genomic research. It is also necessary to supplement the current legislation of the Russian Federation with norms of protective nature that would prohibit employers or other organizations from demanding or requesting genetic tests as a condition for being hired or receiving social benefits.

"October 2008"
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, Dept. of Sociology 2009.
Bibliography: leaves 273-293.
Introduction -- Patterns of corporate activity as patterns of corporate dominance: legal, organisational, and economic features of corporations -- Representations of corporate dominance in insidious injuries -- The legal basis of corporate dominance: History of the corporation -- Legal individualism and corporate personhood -- Theories of the corporation -- The legal regulation of corporations - corporate liability laws -- Conclusion.
Corporations are no longer simply a type of business structure; they are dominant social institutions. As institutions, corporations are archetypes of contemporary complex social organisation and should, therefore, be a central concern for sociology. Yet with few notable exceptions, sociologists have failed to address their increasingly dominant position in contemporary societies. In this thesis I argue the importance of a renewed sociological interest in corporations. This must acknowledge, but go beyond, the political-economic outcomes of corporations to address the profound consequences of the legal foundations of the corporate form. Corporations are created and regulated by legal doctrine; it is only with a legal mandate that corporations are able to act as employers, suppliers and investors. On this basis, I claim that any understanding of corporate dominance and its effects must commence with an appreciation of the laws that enable the corporation to exist and operate. -- While contributing significantly to wealth creation, corporate dominance also increases the potential for harm to occur to individuals and communities who fall within a corporation's scope. The contemporary proliferation of industrial illnesses is a prime example of this and is examined through a case study of the operations of an Australian asbestos corporation, James Hardie. This case study is timely and unique in its specification of the link between corporate activity and law in contemporary society. -- I argue that corporate activity such as that in the case study is enhanced and legitimated by the legal description of the corporation that assigns to it the capacities of a human individual through corporate legal personhood. Corporate personhood is examined as an example of the legal individualism endorsed in liberal common law countries. By exploring accounts of corporate structure, decision-making and work processes, I explain how the individualised description of the corporation is at odds with its collective realities; the largest and most successful corporations are collectives of human and monetary resources. -- In light of this, I question the extent to which the effective regulation of corporations can be achieved within existing legal frameworks. Building upon research into workplace health and safety in the United Kingdom, the regulation of workplace deaths in Australia is examined to demonstrate the various approaches to regulating corporations and to identify their shortcomings. This is a striking example of the problems law faces in regulating corporations by virtue of its individualistic design. -- The thesis concludes with an affirmation that sociology needs to grapple with issues of corporate activity and that an understanding of the legal basis of the corporation is the foundation of such studies.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
295 leaves

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Politica.
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Esta dissertação consiste num estudo sociológico sobre as mudanças na relação capital-trabalho no setor têxtil e vestuário blumenauense e a constituição da Fino Toque Têxtil Cooperativa. Desde 1990, os reflexos da crise do capital ampliam o desemprego e favorecem o desmonte do trabalho coletivo, a intensificação da jornada de trabalho e o processo de informalização do trabalho. As cooperativas têxteis e vestuaristas emergem no cenário citadino, como uma possibilidade de resolver essas crises, mas também como alternativa aos trabalhadores de gerar trabalho e renda, de forma não assalariada. A Fino Toque foi fundada nesta perspectiva e num momento de expressivo aumento das experiências autogestionárias. Para compreendê-la analisou-se a expansão da industrialização no setor têxtil e vestuário em Blumenau e as estratégias de acumulação de capital, assim como, o seu contrário, os conflitos de classe e a constituição das forças do trabalho. Na viabilização deste estudo utilizou-se o método qualitativo associado às técnicas de estudo de caso e análise de trajetórias ocupacionais. A pesquisa viabilizou-se por meio das contribuições dos cooperados e ex-cooperados da Fino Toque, o presidente do Sindicato Têxtil e do Vestuário e um representante da assessoria técnica da ITCP/FURB. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que o processo de expansão industrial no setor têxtil e vestuário blumenauense foi acompanhado pelos conflitos de classe. Ampliação do trabalho não significa o aumento do assalariamento. Os sindicatos do setor atuam dentro das possibilidades históricas, incentivando os trabalhadores a buscarem alternativas ao desemprego, especialmente, na perspectiva da defesa das relações assalariadas. A Fino Toque desponta como uma possibilidade de organização das forças de trabalho. Entretanto, a Cooperativa encontra inúmeras dificuldades estruturais e históricas para viabilização econômica e fortalecimento dos valores autogestionários. Essas experiências demonstram aspectos relevantes para análise de um processo de transição que se evidencia, mas está metamorfoseado. This dissertation consists a of sociologic study about the change in the relationship capital-work of the Blumenau textile and clothing sector and the 'Fino Toque' Cooperative Textile's constitution. Since 1990, the reflexes of capital's crisis project the unemployment, the take of collectives work, increase and intensify of the working day and an enlargement of the informal process from work. The textile and clothing Cooperatives emerge like possibility to solve those crises, but also like alternative from workers to generate job and income, of form not salaried employee. The 'Fino Toque' was found in this perspective and at a moment from increase expressive of auto management experience. To understand it, was analyze the expansion of production in the textile and clothing sector in Blumenau and the strategies of capital accumulated, like so, its other-wise, the classes' conflicts and the constitutions of the working forces. In the feasible of this study was use the qualification method associated to techniques of study and analyses of occupy trajectory. The research was feasible through of the 'Fino's cooperatives' and ex-cooperatives contributions, the Textile and of the Clothing Union's President and a ITCP/FURB access technique's representative. The research's results show that the process of industrial expansion in the Blumenau Textile and Clothing sector was accompanied for the class' conflicts. The enlargement of working doesn't mean the increase of salaried. The institutions that represent the working class act with the historic possible, incentive the workers to get alternatives for job. The 'Fino Toque' rises like a possibility of organization of the working forces and frailest capitalist presupposes. However, the Cooperative finds many structure and historic difficulty economic feasible and strengthen of the auto managements values. This experiences show importance aspects for analysis of a process of transition that evidence itself, but is in metamorphose.

Orientador : Maria de Nazareth Baudel Wanderley
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed
Mestrado
Mestre em Sociologia

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas.
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Analisa as relações de gênero na educação profissionalizante e especificamente aborda o Colégio Industrial de Lages. A analise parte da perspectiva sociológica e interdisciplinar e evidencia as relações de gênero na construção social. Estas mesmas relações de gênero constituem aspectos fundamentais na explicação do porquê a educação produz e reproduz assimetrias entre as práticas femininas e masculinas, constrói e reconstrói a divisão social e sexual do trabalho.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2016.
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Nosso objetivo é analisar o que denominamos campo acadêmico dos estudos alimentares constituído por disciplinas como engenharia de alimentos, nutrição, tecnologia de alimentos, entre outras. Entendemos campo como o lugar de disputas por reconhecimento e legitimidade que delimitam as atuações dos seus componentes. Os componentes analisados são os professores que atuam nas universidades e na formação profissional. Devido à centralidade que as controvérsias científicas sobre alimentos saudáveis e os riscos alimentares têm na sociedade contemporânea, procuramos identificar como aquelas aparecem no campo estudado. Discutimos este tema a partir da ótica dos cientistas e engenheiros de alimentos que atuam na academia. Essa é uma pesquisa que pode ser considerada pioneira na área de sociologia da alimentação e na área dos estudos sociais da ciência e da técnica e, por este motivo, em certa medida, exploratória. Abordamos a trajetória da construção das disciplinas deste campo, bem como suas diferenças na UFSC (Brasil) e na Ulg (Bélgica). Realizamos pesquisa documental sobre os cursos, seus currículos e as políticas governamentais de ensino superior; análise de artigos acadêmicos; entrevistas semi-estruturadas, tendo como fio condutor as definições e significados do que entendem por alimento saudável e as implicações deste segmento em suas pesquisas. Argumentamos que a interface entre o campo da saúde e da alimentação é uma zona de tensão em que a definição do que seja considerado saudável torna-se um importante argumento na disputa por legitimidade, reconhecimento e espaço de atuação. Esta tensão reflete-se, por exemplo, na falta de consenso sobre o lugar da nutrição entre estes dois campos, pois embora os conhecimentos nutricionais sejam a base para as alegações sobre a saúde dos alimentos que são industrializados, o curso de nutrição não é necessariamente reconhecido como parte desse campo. A análise do campo acadêmico no Brasil e na Bélgica facilitou identificar articulações entre a academia e outros atores no processo de produção do conhecimento científico e nas tensões envolvidas neste processo. Partindo da concepção de que o campo não é uma estrutura estática, mas que depende das negociações entre diferentes setores na sua construção e manutenção, identificamos as interfaces da academia com as políticas públicas de ensino superior e de desenvolvimento econômico que, por sua vez, influenciam a maneira como os professores atuam no processo de construção de conhecimentos e inovações científicas. Nesse contexto os financiamentos de pesquisa têm um importante papel e a maneira como eles estão estruturados nos dois países se traduz no habitus profissional, criando no Brasil umaconcorrência individual e na Bélgica uma concorrência de ?networks?. Argumentamos que esta concorrência influencia como os entrevistados percebem sua área de atuação, defendendo um formato do campo mais abrangente (tradicional) ou mais especializado e diversificado (revolucionário), de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos e de mercado. O posicionamento tradicional ou revolucionário reflete, portanto, não só uma luta pelo reconhecimento, mas também pelo espaço de atuação e pelos recursos de financiamento de pesquisa.

Abstract: Our goal is to analyse what we call academic field of food studies that is consisted of disciplines such as food engineering, nutrition, food technology, among others. We understand field as the place of disputes for recognition and legitimacy and that define the actions of its components. The analysed components are the professors-researchers who work at universities. Based in the centrality that scientific controversies about healthy food and food hazards have in contemporary society, we try to identify how those appear in the studied field. We discuss this topic from the perspective of the scientists and engineers of foods that work at the academy. This research can be considered a pioneer in the food sociology and in social studies of science and technology and, therefore, to some extent, exploratory. We approach the trajectory of the construction of the subjects of this field, as well as their differences in UFSC (Brazil) and ULG (Belgium). We conducted documentary research about the courses, their curricular program and the government policies of higher education; analysis of scholarly articles; semi-structured interviews, having as the common thread the definitions and meanings of what is considered healthy food and the implications of this segment in their research. We argue that the interface between the field of health and of food is a tension area in which the definition of what is considered healthy becomes an important argument in the fight for legitimacy, recognition and performance space. This tension can be noticed, for example, on the lack of consensus on the role of nutrition between these two fields, as although the nutritional knowledge is the basis for the claims about the health of foods, the nutritionist as a professional is not necessarily recognized as part of this field. The comparison of the academic field in Brazil and Belgium helped to identify the links between academia and other stakeholders in the scientific knowledge production process and the tensions involved in this process. Starting from the assumption that the field is not a static structure, but it depends on the negotiations between different sectors for their construction and maintenance, we identify the interfaces between the academia and the public policies of higher education and economic development that, in turn, influence the way the teachers work in the construction of knowledge and scientific innovations. In this context, the research funding has an important role and the way they are structured in two countries has influence in the professional habitus, creating in Brazil an individual competition and in Belgium a competition of "networks". We argue that this competition influenceshow respondents perceive their area, advocating a broader field format (traditional) or more specialized and diversified (revolutionary), according to the availability of resources and market. The traditional or revolutionary position reflects therefore not only a struggle for recognition, but also for the performance space and for the research funding resources.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política
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O setor conserveiro da região de Pelotas, no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, surgiu em fins do século XIX e consolidou-se na década de 70 quando grandes empresas instalaram-se no local. Os anos 80 presenciaram o fechamento de muitas dessas fábricas em função da chamada #crise# que atingiu o setor. Em 90, as empresas que permaneceram, concentraram os faturamentos; das 40 indústrias que havia na década anterior, em 2007, apenas 12 atingiram um marco de produtividade sem precedentes no ramo, hoje, responsáveis por 98% da produção de compotas de pêssego do Brasil. Algumas dessas empresas reestruturaram-se, incrementaram seu parque produtivo e adotaram mudanças organizacionais, em um movimento semelhante ao verificado em diferentes ramos produtivos. Outras combinaram novos e velhos processos, marcas que caracterizam uma reestruturação heterogênea que articula, simultaneamente, passado e presente em movimento, um contexto no qual interagem instituições públicas e privadas interessadas no desenvolvimento regional. Na dimensão do mundo do trabalho, o fechamento das empresas representou um intenso desemprego na região de Pelotas, por terem sido a principal atividade econômica do local. A reestruturação empresarial fragilizou a posição de trabalhadores e sindicatos do ramo, e as formas coletivas de organização viram-se, assim, ainda mais restritas. Os sujeitos dessa trama narram de diferentes maneiras esses momentos, mas, invariavelmente, indicam uma intensificação na precariedade das suas condições e relações de trabalho, principalmente, no que se refere às formas de gestão empresarial. A postura dos trabalhadores nesse contexto parece ir muito além de uma condição de fatalidade. Na interface entre esfera fabril e extra-fabril, nas formas de sociabilidades que estabelecem entre si, suas vidas se inter-relacionam, e o espaço de trabalho passa a ser palco de diversas práticas de contestação. The sector of canned goods in the region of Pelotas, in Rio Grande do Sul, came to life at the end of the XIX Century and was consolidated in the 70#s when large companies installed themselves in the area. The 80#s witnessed the closing of many of these factories, due to the supposed #crisis# that hit this field of activity. In the 90#s, the firms which remained, concentrated their invoicing # of the 40 industries that had existed in the previous decade, only 12 reached the productivity level in 2007, without precedent in the field today, responsible for 98% of canned peach production in Brazil. Some of these companies restructured themselves, developed their productive industrial complex, and adopted organizational changes in a movement similar to that seen in different productive chains. Others combined new and old processes, marks that characterize a heterogeneous reorganization, which simultaneously articulates past and present in movement, a context in which public and private institutions, interested in regional development, interact. In the dimension of the working world, the closing of the companies represented intense unemployment in the region of Pelotas, since these firms had been the main economic activity of the region. The business reorganization weakened the position of the workers and labour unions in the field, and collective forms of organization found themselves even more restricted because of this. The players of this network describe these movements in different ways, but invariably indicate intensification in the weakness of their conditions and labour relations, principally in regard to the administration of the business. The attitude of the workers in this context seems to go way beyond a condition of fate. In the interface between industrial and extra-industrial, in the forms of sociability which are established among them, their lives interrelate and the working place becomes the stage of various contestation practices.

Orientador : Neide Lopes Patarra
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed
Mestrado
Mestre em Sociologia

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia Política, Florianópolis, 2009
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O trabalho focaliza a gênese e as transformações operadas no segmento industrial têxtil-vestuarista na microrregião do Alto Vale do Rio Itajaí a partir do início dos anos 1990. Trata-se essencialmente de um exercício de avaliação dos principais impactos socioambientais gerados pela dinâmica recente deste segmento, buscando caracterizar e interpretar as limitações constitutivas do assim chamado #modelo catarinense de esenvolvimento#. A este diagnóstico foi incorporado um desenho exploratório de cenários prospectivos, visando estimular a pesquisa de estratégias alternativas de industrialização, à luz da teoria do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável. O projeto de tese foi inserido num programa franco-brasileiro de pesquisa interdisciplinar e interinstitucional sobre potencialidades e obstáculos ao desenvolvimento territorial sustentável no estado de Santa Catarina, contando com o apoio do Acordo CAPES-COFECUB e do CNPq. Inicialmente, com base numa síntese da revisão de literatura teórica e metodológica pertinente, a tese situa a gênese do segmento têxtil-vestuarista do Alto Vale do Itajaí num período de crise e de estagnação econômica do conjunto da região. Um vigoroso crescimento do segmento foi constatado a partir do início da década de 1990, com base na implantação de um conjunto de micro e pequenas empresas(MPEs) especializadas na confecção de artigos de malhas e jeans. Todavia, a dinamização produtiva e a ampliação significativa do mercado de trabalho têm sido realizadas com elevados custos socioambientais, que não foram ainda devidamente considerados pela opinião pública catarinense. As evidências coletadas indicam que nos espaços de planejamento e gestão das dinâmicas territoriais de industrialização predomina, ainda hoje, uma representação essencialmente economicista do fenômeno do desenvolvimento regional e urbano. A atividade têxtil-vestuarista, do ponto de vista socioambiental, se reflete no território a partir dos seus principais impactos: a ação das lavanderias e estamparias no que tange ao uso do recurso hídrico e ao uso do solo de forma desordenada; a migração dos jovens agricultores para as atividades urbanas (industriais) e a respectiva mudança nos hábitos e modos de vida em família; condições de trabalho degradantes; plantio de espécies exóticas nas propriedades rurais no lugar das culturas agrícolas. Além disso, a pesquisa revelou a fragilidade das relações de sinergia entre empresas e instituições (governamentais e não governamentais), uma carência crônica de mão-de-obra qualificada, pouco envolvimento de instituições de pesquisa & desenvolvimento e a persistência de assimetrias na relação do segmento com o parque industrial em funcionamento na região do Médio Vale do Itajaí. O cenário assim delineado configura a força de inércia de um arranjo produtivo que colide frontalmente com a necessidade de um redirecionamento estratégico do sistema de planejamento e gestão do desenvolvimento regional catarinense, face ao agravamento tendencial da crise planetária do meio ambiente. Em outras palavras, aquilo que predomina hoje em dia como um sistema supostamente virtuoso de governança territorial corresponde, na realidade, à reprodução de um projeto de modernização conservadora e predatória, com perfil hierárquico-corporativo, dominada pelo lobby das empresas de grande porte que colocam em segundo plano o cultivo de uma relação de uso ecologicamente prudente e socialmente includente do patrimônio natural e cultural do povo catarinense. Finalmente, o ensaio de prospectiva territorial indicou as condições de viabilidade de um sistema alternativo - integrado e participativo - de planejamento e gestão do desenvolvimento no longo prazo. Pois avalia a existência de instituições e iniciativas locais que poderiam aprimorar a relação economia e meio ambiente. Também se destacam as iniciativas locais de incentivo à integração do setor e de articulação do mesmo com os problemas locais. Embora sejam iniciativas informais reafirmam a potencialidade de viabilização de um sistema alternativo de planejamento e gestão desta atividade produtiva e do território respectivamente.
This dissertation is focused on the genesis and the changes in the textile-clothing industries of the Alto Vale do Itajaí micro-region from the early 1990s. This is essentially an exercise to evaluate the main social impacts generated by the recent dynamic of this segment, trying to characterize and interpret the constituted constraints of the "Santa Catarina model of development." To this diagnosis has been incorporated a exploration of prospective scenarios to stimulate the search for alternative strategies of industrialization, in the light of the theory of sustainable territoria development. The thesis project was inserted in a Franco-Brazilian interdisciplinary and interinstitutional research on potentials and barriers to sustainable regional development in the state of Santa Catarina, with the support of the CAPES-COFECUB agreement and CNPq. Initially, based on a summary review of relevant theoretical and methodological literature, this dissertation locates the genesis of the textile-clothing segment of the Alto Vale do Itajaí in a period of crisis and economic stagnation of the whole region. A vigorous growth of the segment was found from the beginning of the 1990s, based on the deployment of a set of micro and small enterprises specializing in the manufacture of cloth and jeans. However, production dynamization and significant expansion of the labor market have been carried out with high social and environmental costs, which have not been adequately addressed by Santa Catarina's public opinion. The collected evidences indicate that in areas of planning and management of territorial dynamics of industrialization prevails, even today, a representation of the economic phenomenon of the urban and regional development. The textile-clothing activity, from the social and environmental point of view, is reflected in the territory from its main impacts: the effect of laundry and prints with respect to the use of water and soil resources in a disorderly way; the migration of young farmers to urban activities (industry) and their change in habits and lifestyles in family; degrading working conditions; planting of exotic species on farms instead of conventional agriculture. Furthermore, research has revealed the fragility of synergy relations between companies and institutions (governmental and nongovernmental), a chronic shortage of labor-skilled, low involvement of institutions for research & development and persistence of asymmetry in the relationship of the segment with the industrial park of the Médio Vale do Itajaí. This scenario set out the force of inertia of a productive arrangement that clashes with the needs for a strategic redirection of the planning and management system of Santa Catarina's regional development, given the worsening trend of the global environmental crisis. In other words, what predominates today as a supposedly virtuous system of territorial governance is, in fact, the reproduction of a project of conservative and predatory modernization, with hierarchical and corporative profile, dominated by the big companies lobbying that put in the background the use environmentally prudent and socially inclusive of the natural and cultural heritage of the people of Santa Catarina. Finally, the experiment of territorial prospective has indicated feasible conditions of an alternative system - integrated and participatory - of planning and management development in the long term. Therefore ssesses the existence of institutions and local initiatives that could improve the relationship between economy and environment. It can also be highlighted the local initiatives to encourage sector integration and its coordination with the local problems. Although informal initiatives, they reaffirm the potential viability of an alternative planning and management system of productive activity and its area respectively.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política
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O trabalho expõe os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre os impactos da reestruturação produtiva iniciada em meados dos anos 1980, com recrudescimento nos anos 1990, sobre as condições vividas pelos trabalhadores metalúrgicos no ramo automotivo, especialmente da General Motors, em S. José dos Campos-SP. No âmbito da flexibilização da produção, estratégia globalizada no ramo automotivo, verifica-se a hipótese de precarização do trabalho e da vida dos trabalhadores do setor, e a resultante vulnerabilidade social destes, em meio a um cenário de grande desenvolvimento econômico de S. José dos Campos-SP. Procura a investigação se acercar do sentido daquela precarização, e assim, estabelecer os nexos entre a vulnerabilidade social dos metalúrgicos e as grandes transformações na base técnica da montadora, carro-chefe da produção industrial na região do Vale do Paraíba. A reestruturação produtiva implicou em flexibilização das relações de trabalho, com maior evidencia na terceirização de mais de um terço de sua força de trabalho. Também as relações sociais mais amplas dos metalúrgicos foram flexibilizadas, como atestam o aumento significativo do fluxo migratório intra-regional, as dificuldades de fixação no espaço urbano decorrentes do empobrecimento dos trabalhadores, o intermitente deslocamento intersetorial dos metalúrgicos demitidos ou sub-contratados e a desestruturação familiar do metalúrgico, entre outras ocorrências. Tais dinamismos de flexibilização conjugaram-se para diluir formas de sociabilidade construídas ao longo dos anos com repercussão sobre a identidade metalúrgica dos trabalhadores do setor automotivo. Neste contexto, a investigação empalmou com novas formas de luta e organização social que, em sinergia com a referência classista do Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos, redimensionou e redefiniu as estratégias adotadas de resistência. Agora mais amplas e fundadas em lutas urbanas, como por exemplo, contra o desemprego e pela moradia. Esse processo significou para os trabalhadores da GM - entre terceirizados, desempregados e os trabalhadores com carteira assinada - uma nova mediação entre a sua condição de vítimas do processo de flexibilização e a sua condição de sujeitos sociais com capacidade de criar alternativas, em última instancia, aos desígnios do capital.

Traditional Turkish culture has archaic, unique, universal, diverse, dynamic, competitive, and distinctive contents (traditional knowledge and practices, cultural codes, canonical images, motifs, structural patterns, etc.) that can be valued in different ways in cultural creative industries. However, this cultural capital cannot be utilized sufficiently to meet Turkey's sustainable economic development goals from the past to the present. One of the main reasons why the potential inherent in traditional culture cannot be effectively, creatively, and innovatively actualized is the predominance of auto-orientalist discourse in the Turkish cultural industry. Here, in this text, the trial of traditional culture with auto-orientalist Turkish cultural industry will be analyzed from historical, sociological, and economic aspects.

Abstract Increased use of machine-learning algorithms in all aspects of society has worsened the impact of online behavioral biases on historically disadvantaged populations, enabling discriminatory practices in hiring, loan approvals, child welfare determinations, access to public benefits, policing, and more. While companies have sought to self-regulate such problems, they have failed to enact concrete change. To address this problem, an incentive-based rating system, which is modeled, in part, after the United States federal government’s Energy Star program, is proposed to better identify and mitigate online biases. Rating systems can implore computer and data scientists, as well as the industries that license and disseminate algorithms, to improve their interrogation of algorithms’ sociological implications and incorporate non-technical actors and practices to inform their design and execution. Such incentives can differentiate the developers and companies who seek transparency and feedback around their concerns for more fair, inclusive, and ethical artificial intelligence systems. In addition to promoting the use of rating systems, this chapter offers a framework for them when applied to AI, including a set of questions that can be asked of internal and external stakeholders, like those assessing the diversity of the work team, data quality, transparency, and feedback from user groups. The chapter concludes with a discussion around the role of public policies and potential regulatory enforcements that can make AI rating systems more formidable, especially in use cases that have adverse impact on users.

Socioeconomic changes have caused profound transformations in forest landscapes and increased abandonment of rural areas, leading to fuel accumulation and higher landscape homogeneity, and consequently, raising the rural fires risk. Rural fires risk is also fueled by climate change, due to heat waves and lack of precipitation. In this context, rural communities inhabiting forest areas are those who suffer the most, because rural fires, land degradation and climate change can disturb their food and economic strategy. These communities already suffer from underdeveloped rural infrastructure, and services, lack of labor and education opportunities, that trigger poverty and migration. Given this accelerating pace of change and increasing uncertainty, many fields of knowledge have been dedicated to contributing towards a more sustainable and inclusive future. In service research, transformative service research (TSR) literature plays a central role on understanding problems and finding solutions that improve well-being and create uplifting change through services. Similarly, the fire research field highlights the need for an integrated perspective to analyze all the aspects involved in rural fires occurrence, whether they are of an environmental or economic nature, or a sociological or demographic nature. This study aims to explore new services to cocreate value with forest-related rural communities, thus helping to manage forest areas and mitigate rural fires risks. A qualitative methodology was employed involving 28 participants related to fire management and forest areas and communities, including actors from industries, public entities, academics, the third sector. The data collected through individual interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed following a thematic analysis approach, with NVivo software support. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for an endogenous and adapted set of services to cocreate value with vulnerable communities in forest areas, which consequently enable rural fires mitigation. Given the high level of land abandonment and accumulation of residual materials that increases the risk of rural fires, the development of valuing and recovery solutions is a priority. Finally, this research can also help decision-makers and stakeholders to generate and support services that cocreate value with rural communities to a sustainable, safe and inclusive future.

Abstract The concept of social class (class) is intricately entwined into the discipline of sociology. Both the discipline and societal concern with class emerged from disruption of the Industrial, American, and French Revolutions in the 18th and 19th centuries. All noted sociological scholars since those times have addressed class as a core aspect of their work. Yet the literature on the class position of Indigenous Peoples is scant to the point of nonexistence. This chapter examines the place and conceptualizations of class as understood within the Western sociological literature. These conceptualizations are then interrogated on their applicability and their usefulness for Indigenous Peoples living in Anglo-colonized nation-states. The concept of class is then re-envisioned through the theoretical lens of the Indigenous lifeworld. The chapter concludes that the Indigenous class position cannot be understood unless it is placed and analyzed within its present and past social-structural context of colonization.

This is a study of the material aspect of modern and post-modern Western civilization. After first laying out the problem and perspective this chapter goes on to discuss the relation between commerce and industry; the measurement of innovation as a cycle over time; social facts or the sociological phenomena of military–industrial scientific progress, innovation and diffusion worldwide; methods of estimating the life-cycle of innovation, manufacture, use and obsolescence in a world of production, development and progress; innovation and armaments; the underlying structure of the post–Second World War global system and its arms race; self and the world: prospects for the future and finally, the technology of obsolescence and the science of vivisection.

This chapter highlights important contributions from the field of sociology to the study of nostalgia. Sociology offers a unique and valuable perspective from which to study nostalgia. Sociologists are especially apt to emphasize that the conceptualizations, experiences and uses of nostalgia are variable. The foundational work of Fred Davis (Yearning for Yesterday: A Sociology of Nostalgia) in 1979, is considered the first truly sociological treatment of the phenomenon of nostalgia. Davis’ distinction between ‘private’ and ‘collective’ nostalgia as well as his identification of three successive orders of nostalgia (‘simple’, ‘reflexive’ and ‘interpretive’) provided a solid foundation for other sociologists interested in analyzing the complex and ambiguous emotion of nostalgia. Well before the work of Davis, early sociologists could be viewed as exploring aspects of nostalgia – at least in an indirect way – as evidenced in their focus on societal changes and psychosocial challenges brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Karl Marx’s discussion of alienation, Max Weber’s concerns about over-rationalisation, Émile Durkheim’s conceptualization of social solidarity, Ferdinand Tönnies’ distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, and Georg Simmel’s description of objective and subjective culture all express dissatisfaction with the present and a sense of loss, which is at the heart of nostalgia. From the backdrop of these early sociologists, this chapter examines key sociological insights on nostalgia and, in so doing, discusses other relevant concepts such as meaning, memory, identity, social structure and politics. In this way, this chapter shows how sociological insights can shed light on the phenomenon of nostalgia on the micro, meso and macro levels of social analysis.

The application of social research methods in cybersecurity requires a multidisciplinary combination since the security of technologies and communication networks is made up of a set of uses, techniques, and results directly conditioned by the parameters of confidentiality, data availability, integrity, and privacy. However, each of these technological concepts is prepared and subject to conditions of use that involve ethical, sociological, economic, and legal aspects. Firstly, social engineering techniques in cybercrime tend to combine social investigation techniques with computational engineering and telecommunications elements. Secondly, research on cybersecurity phenomena in industrial environments implies the adaptation to the organizational specificity of each sector. In this chapter, the social research topics commonly addressed by leading companies and researchers in cybersecurity at a global level are analyzed from a comparative point of view, extracting a taxonomy of social research on cybersecurity.

This chapter outlines a new sociological framework for exploring the deeper and broader contexts of macro-social change in an era of globalisation which are relevant to understanding contemporary mega-events. It suggests that in recent decades Western society in particular has entered a ‘second phase’ in the modernization process marked by changes in the media (i.e. the digital revolution and the rise of the internet), in urbanisation processes (e.g. post-industrial urban regeneration in a context of ecological crisis), and in global geo-politics (i.e. the rise of China and of other ‘emerging’ countries and world regions). On this basis the chapter then indicates how this analysis of macro-social change generally connects with three key sets of changes in and around the world of mega-events in media, urban and global locational aspects of mega-events. These three sets of inter-connected contextual and mega-event changes are explored in further detail in the three main Parts of the book.

Nuclear safety attracts many concerns from society especially after Fukushima accident. In recent years, although nuclear safety system has been continuously improved on the aspects of design functions, safety standards and safety assessment methods, etc., the public panic has not been reduced correspondingly. In some countries and regions, the public nuclear panic has a strong impact on the sustainable development of nuclear energy, which has been widely recognized by nuclear industries worldwide. In this paper, we studied the nuclear public panic from three aspects with the analysis of psychological and sociological methods, including: (1) Discussing the source of nuclear panic in the sense of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and psychoanalysis; (2) Systemically studying the irrational behaviors in nuclear accidents and the public nuclear culture with cognitive theory; (3) Giving out the general model of public nuclear panic. In the last, some suggestions of nuclear risk perception and communication were also shown as reference, which are significant for the future work.