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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Industrial policy – Spain »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Industrial policy – Spain"

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Rohlfer, Sylvia. « Does Industrial Relations Research Support Policy ? » Articles 68, no 3 (24 septembre 2013) : 431–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018435ar.

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This article reviews the English-speaking literature on Spanish and German industrial relations published in the top 10 journals in this field between 2000 and 2010. The analysis contributes to the ongoing debate about the relevance of industrial relations by establishing the state of the art in research on Spain in comparison to Germany. Following this assessment we then ask whether existing research on Spain is well situated to orient policymakers. The consequences of either normative or normative-free research have largely been overlooked; our discussion expands on two contrasting positions: suggesting a move away from ideology in research (Mitchell, 2001) or recommending normative assumptions as a necessary precondition (Frege, 2007) in the context of Spain. Our findings reveal a greater convergence in research regarding its restricted multidisciplinary character, its focus on the international level and a strong emphasis on empirical, quantitative work with analysis conducted at various levels. At the same time, some path dependency continues to exist, particularly concerning the active participants in research and the subjects for investigation. The results point to deficiencies in research on Spanish industrial relations. We conclude by advocating an openly stated, normative base in industrial relations research to guide policymakers in Spain. While an evidence-based approach in policy making is desirable, normative choices are highly consequential and should feature in research in order to avoid a “democratic shock” in Spain.
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Alvarez, Julián Alvarez. « Patent information and industrial policy in Spain ». World Patent Information 17, no 3 (septembre 1995) : 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(95)00023-s.

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Ybarra, Josep-Antoni, et Rafael Doménech-Sánchez. « Innovative business groups : territory-based industrial policy in Spain ». European Urban and Regional Studies 19, no 2 (avril 2012) : 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776411428558.

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Šćepanović, Vera. « Transnational integration in Europe and the reinvention of industrial policy in Spain ». Review of International Political Economy 27, no 5 (22 août 2019) : 1083–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1652670.

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Arcos-Vargas, A., F. Núñez-Hernández et Gabriel Villa-Caro. « A DEA analysis of electricity distribution in Spain : An industrial policy recommendation ». Energy Policy 102 (mars 2017) : 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.01.004.

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Montero, Alfred P. « Delegative dilemmas and horizontal logics : Subnational industrial policy in Spain and Brazil ». Studies in Comparative International Development 36, no 3 (septembre 2001) : 58–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02686204.

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Gomes, Eduardo Biacchi. « Shifting States in Global Markets : Subnational Industrial Policy in Contemporary Brazil and Spain (review) ». Latin American Politics & ; Society 46, no 2 (2004) : 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lap.2004.0016.

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Rey Mejías, Concepción, Helena Lenihan et Bernadette O’Regan. « Charges in the Industrial Water Sector : Comparison Between Ireland and Spain ». Environmental and Resource Economics 45, no 1 (23 juillet 2009) : 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-009-9308-2.

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Barón, Alexandra, Rudi de Castro et Gerusa Giménez. « Circular Economy Practices among Industrial EMAS-Registered SMEs in Spain ». Sustainability 12, no 21 (29 octobre 2020) : 9011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219011.

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The Eurobarometer report from December 2019 revealed that 80% of European Union (EU) citizens believe that industry is doing too little to protect the environment and that more work needs to be done to help companies transition to a more sustainable economic model. In recent years, the EU has made the Circular Economy (CE) a priority, and an environmental management system based on the EMAS Regulation can help companies achieve this goal by assisting them in analysing and measuring an efficient and sustainable use of resources. Thus, this study analyses EMAS companies’ environmental statements in order to identify and quantify the CE practices they have implemented. Findings identify 23 circular practices and show that the majority of companies focus their efforts on reducing emissions by optimizing the materials cycle and improving internal production processes. Eco-design stands out as the main driver amongst the circular transformation practices. This study has also detected a lack of uniformity in the way companies quantify the various circular practices currently operating, or how they communicate this information. These results may be useful to companies, professionals and administrations responsible for promoting the CE, and it can also provide guidance on what information to include in future environmental statements.
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Garrués-Irurzun, Josean. « Traditional Electricity Systems in Spain : Fensa (1927-1991) ». Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 30, no 2 (30 mai 2012) : 245–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610912000079.

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AbstractBecause the literature of European economic history has paid little attention to traditional electricity systems, the interest in studying Fensa lies in analysing the different types of companies, which helped to shape the development of the Spanish electricity sector prior to its present oligopolistic structure. This case provides insight into two issues. First, we learn about the behaviour of the second-generation companies (those that based their production on a controlled hydropower regime), which, despite their limited size, made their commercial specialisation (supplying the dynamic industrial market of Guipúzcoa) their main comparative advantage. Second, we analyse the behaviour of those companies which at this time, as distribution companies and/or subsidiaries of the large Spanish companies (Iberduero), were an instrument of the policy of integrating regional markets.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Industrial policy – Spain"

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Chen, Yang. « An institutional approach to changes in property rights within China in transition : change of property rights and ownership in high-tech spin-offs in the reform era ». Thesis, University of Northampton, 2004. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2845/.

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The aim of this research is to develop a thorough understanding of the change of ownership and property rights in the context of China in transition, with all the political and social implications that the process entails. This study aims both to understand and challenge the basic theoretical underpinnings of conventional property rights theory, to examine what the received wisdom of the private property rights perspective offers and to discover to what extent it is applicable in the Chinese transitional context. Through an extensive literature review, this research argues that the mainstream property-rights school fails to consider the institutional and organisational context of the societies in which economic institutions operate. This study evaluates the basic and most widely believed paradigm of institutional change - that of the Washington property rights school - and challenges it with empirical evidence. This study evaluates different models of institutional change and generates an original institutional approach to the change of property rights in the context of China-in-transition. Research for this PhD adopts an institutional methodological approach in an empirical study of the change of property rights and ownership of high-tech spin-off enterprises in China. This research is micro in approach providing a bird’s - eye view of the evolution of property rights and ownership of Chinese enterprises in the context of transition through multiple case studies of high-tech spin-offs. The research identifies the strong presence of the state associated with the evolution of high-tech spin-offs in transitional China, the process of which has also been characterised by fuzzy property rights and public entrepreneurship as two key stepping stones of development. The research findings indicate that the appropriate structure of property rights over productive assets is a dependent variable as opposed to an explanatory variable, as suggested by the property-rights school
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BULFONE, Fabio. « The state strikes back : industrial policy, state power and the emergence of competitive multinational enterprises in Italy and Spain ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/48964.

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Defence date: 17 November 2017
Examining Board: Professor Pepper D. Culpepper, formerly EUI/University of Oxford (Supervisor); Professor Dorothee Bohle, European University Institute; Professor Richard Deeg, Temple University; Professor Mark Thatcher, London School of Economics
This thesis compares the industrial policy strategy implemented by the Italian and Spanish governments to favour the internationalisation of domestic firms in the high value-added sectors of banking, electricity and telecommunications. The trajectory of six firms that successfully completed the transition from inward-looking monopolist to European champion (the banks Unicredit, Intesa-Sanpaolo, BBVA and Santander, the Italian electricity utility ENEL and the Spanish telecommunications firm Telefonica) is compared with that of two firms that failed to become European champions and are currently controlled by foreign competitors (the Spanish electricity utility Endesa and the Italian telecommunications incumbent Telecom Italia). The comparison of successes and failures makes clear the factors that led some Italian and Spanish firms to become European champions and others to be taken over.
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VANNINI, Alessandra. « Fascist politics and autarkic economy in a compared perspective : the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (I.R.I.) and the Instituto Nacional de Industria (I.N.I.), 1933-1959 ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/45867.

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Defence date: 21 March 2017
Examining Board: Professor Giovanni Federico, Università di Pisa (EUI Supervisor); Professor Youssef Cassis, European University Institute; Professor Elena San Román López, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Professor Franco Amatori, Università Bocconi
The research project is centred on Spanish economic policies from 1937 to 1959, which guided the creation and development of the Instituto Nacional de Industria (the Spanish State-owned company, I.N.I. hereafter). Particular attention will be paid to the similarities, or differences, between these policies and those of Fascist Italy during the 1930s until the 1950s, especially as referred to the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (the Italian State-owned company, I.R.I. hereafter). I aim to capture the analogies between the two public entities, I.N.I. and I.R.I., through the analysis of their financial ratios, statutes, sector investment and production. If it is true that, in Italy, different economic policies were applied all along from the thirties to the fifties, some of them were autarkic. I.R.I can be seen as a reflection of the regime’s will, mirroring, mirroring the evolution of Italian economic policies. Since the different roles of the I.R.I. and its adaptation to the decisionmaking process of the Italian regime have not been considered by the literature that dealt with the I.N.I., especially with respect to the classification of the autarkic models that the I.R.I. was called to apply, my research attempts to identify which of the I.R.I. roles were copied by the I.N.I., and in particular whether it was the ‘war autarkic’ model, adopted by the I.R.I. between 1939 and 1943. Particular attention will also be dedicated to explaining why the creation of the I.N.I. was inspired by the Italian model of the I.R.I. The ultimate purpose of my project will be to provide a new insight on the economic policies of the First Francoism by discussing whether postwar policy in Spain was a continuity of the ‘war autarkic’ policy of the Civil War, and not just a ‘normal autarkic’ policy.
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BARTOLOME, RODRIGUEZ Maria Isabel. « La industria elétrica en España (1880-1936) : tecnología, recursos e instituciones ». Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5734.

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Defence date: 20 June 2003
Examining board: Prof. Dr. Joam Carmona, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela ; Prof. Dr. Giovanni Federico, Instituto Universitario Europeo ; Prof. Dr. Jaime Reis, Instituto Universitario Europeo ; Prof. Dr. Luciano Segreto, Università degli Studi di Firenze
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Livres sur le sujet "Industrial policy – Spain"

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Spain. Ministerio de Industria y Energía., dir. Libro blanco de la industria : Una política industrial para España. 2e éd. Madrid : Centro de Publicaciones, Ministerio de Insdustria y Energia, 1995.

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The left's dirty job : The politics of industrial restructuring in France and Spain. Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998.

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Blanco, Miguel Buesa. Innovación y diseño industrial : Evaluación de la política de promoción del diseño en España. Madrid, España : Editorial Civitas, 1996.

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Francisco, Comín Comín, dir. INI--50 años de industrialización en España. Madrid : Espasa Calpe, 1991.

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Gier, H. G. de. Civil servants and working conditions : Regulations and policy in the Netherlands, Great Britain, Spain, Germany, and France. Hague : Civil Service Personnel Management Dept., Ministry of the Interior, 1994.

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Prieto, José María, Prof. Dr. et European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training., dir. Support policies for business start-ups and the role of training : National reports from France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, and synthesis report. Berlin : CEDEFOP--European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, 1991.

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Basque economy : From industrialization to globalization. Reno : Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada, Reno, 2003.

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Molas-Gallart, Jordi. Military production and innovation in Spain. Chur, Switzerland : Harwood Academic Publishers, 1992.

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Benjamin, Martin. The agony of modernization : Labor and industrialization in Spain. Ithaca, NY : ILR Press, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, 1990.

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Publications, USA International Business. Spain : Foreign Policy & Government Guide (Russia Industrial Library). Intl Business Pubns USA, 2001.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Industrial policy – Spain"

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Fløysand, Arnt, Stig-Erik Jakobsen et José Luis Sánchez-Hernández. « Regional Industrial Policy in Norway and Spain ». Dans Entrepreneurship, Human Capital, and Regional Development, 309–31. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12871-9_16.

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Santesmases, María Jesús. « Manufacturing Penicillin : Industrial Policy, Gender and the Antibiotic Factory ». Dans The Circulation of Penicillin in Spain, 49–81. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69718-5_3.

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Álvarez-García, José, Inmaculada Domínguez-Fabián, Francisco del Olmo-García et Beatriz Rosado-Cebrián. « The Gender Gap of Retirement Pensions in Spain, Causes and Improvements in the Legal Order ». Dans Economy, Business and Uncertainty : New Ideas for a Euro-Mediterranean Industrial Policy, 349–64. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00677-8_28.

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Trondsen, Torbjørn. « Value Chain Policy, Industrial Conventions and Market Performance : A Comparative Analysis of Norwegian and Icelandic Cod Exports to Spain ». Dans Nordic-Iberian Cod Value Chains, 115–35. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16405-2_9.

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Ertör, Irmak, et Pinar Ertör-Akyazi. « Towards Just and Sustainable Blue Futures : Small-Scale Fisher Movements and Food Sovereignty ». Dans Ocean Governance, 385–402. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20740-2_17.

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AbstractOceans and seas have been vital food sources for both coastal and terrestrial communities for thousands of years. Traditionally, the main actors were small-scale fishers adopting more ecologically-benign fishing practices either for their own subsistence or small-scale commercial use and livelihood. Members of small-scale fishing communities frequently combine other socioeconomic activities such as small-scale agriculture and animal husbandry with their fishing activity as well. Thus, they usually have broader and different understandings and narratives regarding their relations and interdependency with the fish and the seas compared with industrial capture fisheries targeting the most profitable commercial fish species using more destructive gears and high technological capacities. In this chapter, we aim to shed light on their past and present—as well as highlight their existence as a rather neglected and marginalized social group, their political agency and their global movement for food sovereignty in order to uncover their social, political and ecological roles for the future of oceans, coastal communities, and the society in general. Our research methodology relies on participant observation and action methods based on 3 years of continuous work with small-scale fishing cooperatives in Turkey, Spain and Europe, as well as following and collaborating with the WFFP (World Forum of Fisher People) members both in Europe and globally. We conducted more than 80 interviews with key actors from fisheries sector including policy makers, NGOs, members of fishing cooperatives, and fisheries and marine scientists that inform this investigation. We claim that even though small-scale fishing communities are usually neglected actors of the ‘present’ in most mainstream marine policies, narratives and agendas such as the Blue Economy, their ‘presence’ in ocean governance is of utmost importance and their future existence needs to be ensured for an ecologically, socially and economically just ocean governance.
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Molina, Oscar, et Alejandro Godino. « Trade unions, policy analysis, and the policy process ». Dans Policy Analysis in Spain, 246–64. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447353744.003.0013.

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This chapter explores policy analysis in trade unions and reveals three factors that play a key role in explaining the type and intensity of the policy analysis activities trade unions develop: the trade unions’ role in the policy process, the trade unions’ organisational characteristics and industrial relations institutions. The analysis shows an erosion of the forms of institutionalised involvement and intermittent patterns of policy concertation that have reduced the trade unions’ participation in public policy making and implementation, especially during the 2008 financial crisis. Before this erosion, the trade unions tried to strengthen their policy analysis capacities, including through the production of evidence-based reports for policy making and more intense use of social networks to reach broader segments of the population, among others. Moreover, they have forged alliances at the EU level in recent years to create and strengthen their research dimension.
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Lehndorff, Steffen. « A fragile triangle : collective bargaining systems, trade unions and the state in the EU ». Dans The Changing Politics and Policy of Austerity, 63–81. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447359517.003.0004.

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The weakening of collective bargaining systems has been one of the top priorities within the so-called “new economic governance” at EU level over the past decade. Based on the Stability and Growth Pact and its tightening in the course of the Euro zone crisis, decentralisation and fragmentation of collective bargaining geared to promote labour cost-based competitiveness has become common standard in the “country-specific recommendations” within the “European Semester”. This approach has been pushed forward most vigorously in Southern Europe. Quite surprisingly, however, the outcomes of these attacks differ substantially across countries. The paper describes the different dynamics of collective bargaining systems in Spain, Italy and Greece over recent years and gives some tentative explanations for these differences, pointing primarily at contrasting trade union approaches. Further, the paper addresses the potentials of the state at national and EU levels to act as a stabilizer, rather than a driver of weakening collective bargaining systems. Given the stark contrasts in industrial relations practices across EU countries, it suggests practical steps to be taken towards a turnaround in EU policy approaches to collective bargaining within the framework of the “European Semester”, following the logic of an enabling state aimed at fostering social equity.
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Guirao, Fernando. « Finale ». Dans The European Rescue of the Franco Regime, 1950-1975, 433–40. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861232.003.0010.

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The Nine failed to establish an industrial free-trade area with Spain and thus to gain access to the Spanish market, the largest west European industrial market outside their direct influence. The decision of the Council of Ministers of the European Communities, in October 1975, to suspend FTA negotiations with Spain, without denouncing the 1970 Agreement, meant the ultimate success of the Spanish government’s politico-economic strategy, the last episode of the European rescue of the Franco regime. The EC Council decision might have been inevitable in terms of public opinion and democratic morality, but it meant to permit Madrid to retain full control over the country’s import policy while fully exploiting the export prospects offered by the 1970 Agreement. In the end, the decision was detrimental for the overall interests of all the parties involved, whether the Spanish population or Western Europe. The final section of this book invites economic historians to estimate the costs of the Spanish EEC policy concerning the inefficient allocation of resources, weak technological transfer, lesser accompanying investment, and limitations to total-factor-productivity increases. Political historians, in turn, should explore what specific interests explain, in each case, why, if official Spanish trade practices in export promotion and import restriction gave the Six every incentive to denounce the 1970 Agreement, apart from obvious political reasons, they did not do so. Finally, scholars dealing with Spanish EEC-membership negotiations should determine the extent at which the Community experience over the 1970 Agreement explains Community attitudes towards some Spanish demands after 1979.
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Kowalski, Tadeusz. « The economy battling Covid-19. A macroeconomic approach ». Dans Towards the „new normal” after COVID-19 – a post-transition economy perspective, 11–29. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-061-6/i1.

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Purpose: The chapter identifies the complexities of Covid-19’s impact on the economy. The empirical part presents and assesses initial reactions of inflation, industrial production, unemployment rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, and shifts in the GDP expenditure structure. Design/methodology/approach: Acomplete Keynesian macroeconomic model is used to outline how the negative shock hit the economies. The model shows potential implications of the use of reactive economic policy measures. Based on the model, the empirical part provides comparative analyses of reactions of four economies of the European Monetary Union (EMU) – namely France, Germany, Italy and Spain – two non-EMU economies of Hungary and Poland, and two major large open economies: the USA and Japan. Findings: The Covid-19 pandemic has sent a universal, global shockwave with asymmetric outcomes in individual economies. Covid-19 hit all economies and struck both the demand side and – after ashort time lag – the supply side. Although interconnected, the economies have maintained notable structural differences and, therefore their autonomous reactions to negative demand and supply shocks were diverse. Practical implications: The complete macroeconomic Keynesian model allows for the conceptualization of the transmission of the Covid-19 shock on the economy’s supply and demand sides. The model is also a helpful tool in the analysis of the potential role of economic policy in reaction to the supply and demand shocks triggered by the pandemic. Originality and value: The empirical analyses unveil the eight economies’ differentiated reactions to similar counter-crisis policy measures. Their scale in all cases pushed the state back to the center of economic life. This structural shift requires attention and systematic theoretical and empirical studies.
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Diaz-Andreu, Margarita. « Colonialism and Monumental Archaeology in South and Southeast Asia ». Dans A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217175.003.0016.

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In the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, political and economic power was concentrated in just a few countries. Having eclipsed the most mighty early modern empires—those of Spain and Portugal, the Ottoman Empire, The Netherlands, and the Scandinavian countries— Britain, France, the Russian, and the Austro-Hungarian Empires became the major European powers. Later, these were joined by the newly formed countries of Germany and Italy, together with the United States of America and Japan. In these countries elites drew their might not only from the industrial revolution but also from the economic exploitation of their ever-increasing colonies. Colonialism, a policy by which a state claims sovereignty over territory and people outside its own boundaries, often to facilitate economic domination over their resources, labour, and markets, was not new. In fact, colonialism was an old phenomenon, in existence for several millennia (Gosden 2004). However, in the nineteenth century capitalism changed the character of colonialism in its search for new markets and cheap labour, and the imperial expansion of the European powers prompted the control and subjugation of increasingly large areas of the world. From 1815 to 1914 the overseas territories held by the European powers expanded from 35 per cent to about 85 per cent of the earth’s surface (Said 1978: 41; 1993: 6). To this enlarged region areas of informal imperialism (see Part II of this book) could be added. However, colonialism and informal colonialism were not only about economic exploitation. The appropriation of the ‘Other’ in the colonies went much further, and included the imposition of an ideological and cultural hegemony throughout each of the empires. The zenith of this process of colonization was reached between the 1860s and the First World War, in the context of an increasingly exultant nationalism. In a process referred to as ‘New Imperialism’, European colonies were established in all the other four continents, mainly in areas not inhabited by populations with political forms cognate to the Western powers. In the case of Africa, its partition would be formally decided at an international meeting—the Berlin Conference of 1884–5.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Industrial policy – Spain"

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Beceiro, Alvaro R., Elena Vico et Emilio G. Neri. « The Radioactive Waste Management Programme in Spain ». Dans ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4898.

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The paper will start with an overview of the organisational and financing framework established in Spain for the safe and efficient management of radioactive waste and decommissioning of nuclear installations. Since its creation by Royal Decree in 1984, ENRESA, the Spanish Radioactive Waste Management Agency, is in charge of both activities. ENRESA is a state owned company whose shareholders are CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energe´ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnolo´gicas) and the State Industrial Holding (SEPI), both governmental institutions. In Spain the Directorate General for Energy Policy and Mines of the Ministry of Economy (MINECO) plays the leading role in controlling nuclear activities, since it is the body responsible for awarding licenses and permits for installations and activities within the framework of the existing nuclear legislation. The Nuclear Safety Council (CSN) was set up in 1980 as the only competent body in matters of nuclear safety and radiological protection, and is generally responsible for the regulation and supervision of nuclear installations. Any license granted by MINECO is subjected to the mandatory and binding report of the CSN. The paper will review the steps undertaken for solving the national problems associated with the management of radioactive waste and decommissioning of nuclear installations, including uranium mining and milling facilities, and will address the lessons learnt from the activities developed by ENRESA and the future goals to be met. Regarding the L/ILW (Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste) programme, the main milestones of El Cabril L/ILW disposal facility will be described highlighting the most relevant events as well as the foreseen activities, most of them focus on optimizing the capacity of the already operating installation. The elaboration and signature of a Protocol, at the end of 1999, for collaboration on the radiological Surveillance of Metallic Materials in order to detect the possible presence of radioactive materials is worth to be mentioned because of the involvement and agreement of several public and private organisations as well as the administration. Concerning the SF and HLW (Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level radioactive Waste) programme, the solutions adopted in order to solve the insufficient capacity of the storage pools at NPPs will be described as well as the evolution of the final disposal programme since its beginning and the foreseen goals to be achieved before the year 2010. The last activities will deal with the experience gained during the decommissioning of Vandello´s I NPP and the future decommissioning projects. The decision taken in 2002 by the Spanish authorities to close down Jose´ Cabrera NPP in April 2006, before its 40 years lifetime, has had an impact on ENRESA’s activities.
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Fernández García, Noelia. « Learning from the past. The loss of vernacular heritage in the interest of hydropower development in Spain ». Dans HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage : Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14284.

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The fact that water stored in reservoirs may be used for diverse purposes - hydroelectricity, irrigation or industrial use, human consumption, recreation, etc. - explains the widely spread policy of building these structures all over the world during the 20th century. However, dams and reservoirs building policies at those times in Spain led to the disappearance of many villages in rural regions due to the flooding of large areas and, as a result, the loss of vernacular architecture and local traditions was unavoidable.In this research, it is aimed to analyse the building of Ricobayo reservoir by the company Saltos del Duero together with its consequences for the affected communities and their heritage through the case of a particular village: La Pueblica, located in the province of Zamora in Castile and León, Spain. Disregarding the relevance of vernacular architecture, the devastation of La Pueblica, which allegedly existed ‘unaffected over time’, isolated from modern times and whose homes were ‘unhygienic and meagre’, was registered in the documentary called Por Tierras de España (1933) carried out by Fernando López Heptener, who worked for the company and oversaw expropriations of lands and housing in areas to be flooded. Due to the subsequent interest in spreading the film, it is possible for us to recover nowadays the lost image of La Pueblica, the vernacular architecture within as well as the traditions which were carried out in those spaces.If the future of dams is linked to sustainable energy resources and developing countries as thought nowadays, previous positive – but also negative – experiences must be considered, since, despite all the prior benefits linked to water utilisation, building these engineering structures undoubtedly implies a direct social effect on the communities and heritage elements connected to them, which could be decisive to manage our cultural heritage nowadays.
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Vladut, Gabriel. « Regional Cluster’s development ». Dans CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4262.

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The European Commission aims to ensure coherence between environmental, climate, energy and industrial policy to create optimal business environments for sustainable growth and innovations, in a way that enhances the competitiveness of European industry, while moving towards a more resource efficient, circular economy. Sustainability needs to be mainstreamed into all areas of industrial policy to help European businesses to unlock first mover advantage and gain a competitive edge. The Dorothy project is inspired by the contents of the “Flagship Initiative for a resource-efficient Europe under the Europe 2020 strategy”. The Dorothy Project is targeted to develop the potential of innovation and research in the four Regions composing the Consortium in the field of Urban Logistics, which represent the specific application topic of the proposal, and is one of the main focuses of attention of the Flagship Initiative. The industrial environnent is the main actor on the research and innovation regional driven Clusters The Dorothy project has achieved the result of setting up three Regional Innovation Clusters in: Valencia – Spain, Lisbon – Portugal and Craiova – Romania, under the mentoring action of the already existing Tuscany Cluster in Firenze. They operate in the field of Urban Logistics. This achievement must be made durable in time and the cooperation among the Dorothy Clusters must be ensured over the time after the end of the project. For this reason, among the other activities carried out by the project, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) have been defined and signed among the four Clusters in form of a multilateral and mutual agreement among them. This paper explain the contents and the importance in the JAP – Joint Action Plan, of the thematic area 3 about regional clusters development, the target of the overall Thematic Area, why has been chosen as a Thematic Area, shortly remind the actions that are contained in the Thematic Area. The action fields and related actions are organized under 6 areas:1. Innovative ICT solutions to support advanced UL regulation schemes2. Open data architectures to support urban logistics3. Proximity delivery areas4. Cooperation agreement among the Dorothy Clusters5. Reverse logistics6. Cooperation with other existing Clusters and networks.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4262
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Cooper, Jennifer. « Global Occupational Hazard : Silica Dust ». Dans ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87509.

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One of the oldest industrial diseases, silicosis, results from exposures to respirable crystalline silica, also known as silica dust. Workers worldwide exposed to silica dust span a variety of industries from construction, mining, sandblasting, to masonry, and machinery. In the United States alone 1.7 million workers are exposed to crystalline silica, which can also lead to lung cancer, tuberculosis, and other chronic airway diseases [1]. This paper will examine the health effects of silica dust on the worker, discussing exposure paths, work groups affected, occupational safety measures, worker health policies, and compare these among the developed and developing world. Implementing worker safety programs, which include wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and health monitoring and developing exposure limits, can help mitigate the adverse health risks of working with silica dust. A comparison of the successes and limitations of several programs from around the world will show that strong national occupational safety programs can reduce the mortality and illness rates of silicosis due to occupational silica dust exposure. Without a strong national occupational safety program history shows that workers will remain unprotected until they rally together under tragedy to fight for safety. Before more workers suffer and die tragically and unnecessarily, global safety policy makers can take a lesson from history, examine and compare current programs, and implement strong national occupational safety programs that save lives.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Industrial policy – Spain"

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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu et Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.

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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
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