Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Industria elettrica »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Industria elettrica"
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Schiavone, Francesco. « Le strategie di crescita delle imprese elettriche europee dopo la liberalizzazione ». MERCATI & ; COMPETITIVITÀ, no 3 (septembre 2009) : 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc2009-003006.
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- The paper stresses how the recent directives of European Commission (aimed at liberalising the European electricity industry) affected the growth strategies of the main European electricity companies during the last 10 years. The most used strategies were diversification in other utilities markets (e.g. gas and telecommunications) and internationalisation (mainly via acquisitions of foreign electricity companies). These strategies were crucial in order to allow the transition of these companies towards the "multi- utility" business model.Keywords: electricity industry, liberalisation, firm strategies, internationalisation, diversification, acquisitionsParole chiave: industria elettrica, liberalizzazione, strategie d'impresa, internazionalizzazione, diversificazione, acquisizioni
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Coscia, Cristina. « Paesaggi elettrici e nuove economie : valori, patrimoni, responsabilità sociali e management ». Labor e Engenho 11, no 4 (26 décembre 2017) : 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/labore.v11i4.8651197.
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A fronte di imponenti operazioni di ristrutturazione industriale -in particolare di ripensamento di tutto il processo economico di produzione dell’energia- che coinvolgono molte aree dell’Occidente (e non solo), una questione emergente è quella dei patrimoni “elettrici” dismessi e della riqualificazione dei contesti su cui sono localizzati. Il percorso della valorizzazione –di fatto consolidato disciplinarmente- per questo comparto offre suggestioni di ricerca e di dibattito con alcuni elementi di innovazione: 1) una reinterpretazione della teoria del valore e delle sue componenti classiche; 2) la sinergia tra interventi architettonici e interventi economici strutturali; 3) l’urgenza di operazioni di censimento, di costruzione di conoscenza attraverso banche dati e nuovi flussi di informazioni; 4) il control management dei processi. Il contributo ha l’intento di ripercorrere lo stato dell’arte sul tema e di rileggerlo alla luce dei nuovi approcci di valorizzazione uniti ad un’ottica ambientale e di economia circolare. Fanno da supporto a tale analisi critica, la lettura di casi nazionali italiani (a partire dalle operazioni condotte da Enel) ed internazionali, dove si stanno già generando esternalità, intangibile e benefici attesi oltre che plusvalori economici.
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Liehr, Reinhard, et Mariano Torres. « Le compagnie elettriche americane e la modernizzazione urbana e industriale del Messico, 1880-1960 ». MEMORIA E RICERCA, no 36 (avril 2011) : 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2011-036007.
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Romeo, Emanuele. « Memoria dell’antico e nuove funzioni museali compatibili Alcune riflessioni sul patrimonio industriale legato alla produzione di elettricità ». Labor e Engenho 11, no 4 (26 décembre 2017) : 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/labore.v11i4.8651199.
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Il patrimonio industriale legato all’energia elettrica è rappresentato da una serie di complessi architettonici fortemente stratificati, caratterizzati da diverse soluzioni tecniche, formali e distributive che si sono sovrapposte l'una all'altra, quando necessario, per ragioni legate all’innovazione tecnologia e ai cambiamenti nei processi produttivi. In realtà, sono proprio queste stratificazioni (aggiunte, cambiamenti d'uso, abbandoni momentanei e riusi, accompagnati da adeguamenti architettonici e tecnologici) che conferiscono ai complessi industriali particolare valore di memoria. Infatti, è proprio la continua trasformazione di funzioni e di elementi tecnologici a rappresentare “l'essenza” di questa particolare produzione edilizia. Dalla nascita delle prime fabbriche fino ad oggi, gli edifici industriali hanno cambiato rapidamente la loro forma architettonica e la loro consistenza sia materica sia formale assecondando le esigenze lavorative e produttive. Per questo motivo oggi abbiamo l'opportunità di leggere una "storia dell'architettura" rappresentata da una sequenza di tecnologie e materiali sostituiti di continuo o stratificatisi, in un abaco di elementi relativi alla sperimentazione del calcestruzzo armato, del ferro, della ghisa, dell’acciaio; oppure riguardanti l’utilizzo di grandi superfici di vetro o coperture a shed; o ancora relativi all'uso di fonti energetiche naturali e artificiali. Molte esperienze europee di restauro e riuso degli edifici industriali legati alla produzione di energia, hanno già considerato tale approccio come una delle migliori scelte volte a una conservazione che possa definirsi compatibile: la scelta delle nuove funzioni è dettata, infatti, non tanto dalle esigenze economiche e d’uso, ma dalla flessibilità dell'edificio ad accogliere sostanziali adeguamenti tecnici, energetici, funzionali. Ciò con l’obiettivo di raggiungere un giusto equilibrio tra il rispetto della memoria storica e la necessità di adattarsi alle normative riguardanti l’adeguamento energetico e le nuove funzioni richieste dalla popolazione, raggiungendo una sostenibilità sociale, culturale e ambientale.
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Lehr, Leo. « Entscheidung des EuGH in C-377/20, Servizio Elettrico Nazionale – Einmal Monopolist, immer Monopolist ? » Österreichische Zeitschrift für Kartellrecht 15, no 4 (2022) : 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/oezk202204013201.
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Battipede, M., P. Gili et M. Vazzola. « Structural and Aerodynamics Analysis on Different Architectures for the Elettra Twin Flyer Prototype ». Journal of Intelligent & ; Robotic Systems 72, no 1 (13 mars 2013) : 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10846-013-9823-9.
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Sanyal, Kaushik, Buddhadev Kanrar, Sangita Dhara, Mirta Sibilia, Arijit Sengupta, Andreas Germanos Karydas et Nand Lal Mishra. « Direct non-destructive total reflection X-ray fluorescence elemental determinations in zirconium alloy samples ». Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no 5 (19 août 2020) : 1253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520009364.
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The development of a direct non-destructive synchrotron-radiation-based total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analytical methodology for elemental determinations in zirconium alloy samples is reported for the first time. Discs, of diameter 30 mm and about 1.6 mm thickness, of the zirconium alloys Zr-2.5%Nb and Zircalloy-4 were cut from plates of these alloys and mirror polished. These specimens were presented for TXRF measurements directly after polishing and cleaning. The TXRF measurements were made at the XRF beamline at Elettra synchrotron light source, Trieste, Italy, at two different excitation energies, 1.9 keV and 14 keV, for the determinations of low- and high-Z elements, respectively. The developed analytical methodology involves two complementary quantification schemes, i.e. using either the fundamental parameter method or relative sensitivity based method, allowing quantification of fifteen minor and trace elements with respect to Zr with very good precision and accuracy. In order to countercheck the TXRF analytical results, some samples were analyzed using the DC arc carrier distillation atomic emission spectrometry technique also, which shows an excellent agreement with the results of the TXRF-based methodology developed in this work. The present work resulted in a non-destructive TXRF elemental characterization methodology of metal and alloy samples avoiding the cumbersome dissolution and matrix separation which are normally required in other techniques and traditional methods of TXRF determination. In addition, the production of analytical waste could also be avoided to a large extent. Although the work was carried out for specific applications in the nuclear industry, it is equally suitable for other such samples in different industrial applications.
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Feio, Stefanie Cecília Passinho, Franciolli da Silva Dantas Araújo, Amanda Alves Fecury, Euzébio Oliveira et Carla Viana Dendasck. « Panorama nazionale dell'argento tra il 2010 e il 2014 ». Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento, 26 septembre 2018, 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/quimica-it/argento.
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Avendo il nome derivato dalla parola latina Argentun, l'argento (Ag) è un metallo di transizione che ha un'elevata conduzione elettrica e resistenza alla corrosione. Di solito si trova aggregato con minerali di rame, zinco e oro. Ampiamente utilizzato nella produzione di specchi e monete, in processi dentali come l'amalgama d'argento, nella produzione di gioielli e posate, nella fotografia e nei dispositivi elettronici a causa della sua elevata conduttività elettrica. Questa ricerca si propone di descrivere i dati ottenuti nei riassunti minerari del Dipartimento Nazionale di Ricerca Mineraria (http://www.dnpm.gov.br), la ricerca bibliografica è stata condotta in articoli scientifici, utilizzando computer del laboratorio informatico dell'Istituto Federale di Istruzione, Scienza e Tecnologia di Amapá. Quando si tratta di estrazione dell'argento, il Messico è il paese che si distingue come produttore e il Perù ha attualmente la più grande riserva del mondo. Il Brasile ha piccole riserve di minerale d'argento, la sua partecipazione alla produzione mondiale di questo metallo è quasi trascurabile. Nel paese non ci sono mai stati record dell'estrazione dell'argento come prodotto principale, si trova sempre associato ad altre sostanze e arato come un prodotto accessorio della loro estrazione. La produzione nazionale avviene principalmente in metalli primari e, in misura minore, in metallo concentrato, perché è più costoso e richiede più fasi di lavorazione. La domanda di argento è molto più alta della sua produzione nel paese, il che rende la spesa per le importazioni superiore a quella delle esportazioni. Il materiale più esportato è il bene primario e il più importato è il prodotto semilavorati. Il consumo interno di argento nel paese è quasi stabile, con poche variazioni. I settori che consumano più argento sono: la monetazione, l'industria fotografica, il settore gioielliere e l'elettronica. Il suo prezzo ha registrato un calo dopo un aumento record nel 2011 a causa della bassa domanda industriale associata alla grande offerta di metallo.
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« Nuove Industrie Elettriche di Eegnano S.p.A. v. United States 1 June 1990 ». World Trade and Arbitration Materials 2, Issue 4 (1 juillet 1990) : 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/wtam1990026.
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Silva, Fábio Tenório, Franciolli da Silva Dantas Araújo, Amanda Alves Fecury, Euzébio Oliveira, Carla Viana Dendasck et Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias. « Panoramica globale e nazionale dello stagno tra il 2010 e il 2014 ». Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento, 25 août 2019, 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/biologia-it/stagno.
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La produzione brasiliana di stagno su scala industriale iniziò negli anni ’40 e si espanse nel 1950. Tuttavia, l’importanza interna avvenne solo con la scoperta del deposito di cassiterite di Rondônia nel 1950. Ciononostante, il Brasile non faceva parte del Consiglio internazionale dello stagno (ITC), che all’epoca era l’accordo di mercato dei paesi maggioritari nella produzione di stagno e questo divenne un ostacolo alla valorizzazione dello stagno nel commercio internazionale. Lo stagno metallico è impiegato nel rivestimento per contenitori di acciaio, nella produzione di saldatura per giunti di tubi o circuiti elettrici, nella ceramica, nella produzione di vetro, nella produzione di ottone e nella sua forma secondaria, rottame, viene utilizzato nella produzione di stagno. Lo scopo di questo articolo è quello di mostrare il panorama dello stagno globale e nazionale tra il 2010 e il 2014. I dati per eseguire questo articolo sono stati presi dal Dipartimento Nazionale della Produzione Mineraria – DNPM (http://www.dnpm.gov.br/). La ricerca bibliografica è stata condotta in articoli scientifici trovati nella rete informatica mondiale. Lo stagno ha attraversato un periodo relativamente positivo tra gli anni oggetto dell’indagine. Si scoprì che la produzione mondiale di stagno aveva pochi cambiamenti; che l’Asia è il principale continente che detiene riserve di stagno; che la produzione brasiliana di stagno metallico e contenuto è aumentata durante il periodo analizzato; che il Brasile esporta più delle importazioni di stagno; che il consumo apparente variava, chiudendo ad un livello elevato; e che il prezzo della ton era molto vicino durante gli anni intervistati. Le crisi del mercato internazionale non hanno influito così fortemente sulla produzione da aumentare dagli investimenti nell’estrazione di materie prime.
Thèses sur le sujet "Industria elettrica"
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MARCHESELLI, SARA. « L’architettura dell’Industria elettrica in Sardegna dal 1911 al 1961 ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266775.
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At the beginning of the Twentieth Century, Sardinian industrial production was
still strictly related to steam machines and only a few enlightened industries
exploited electric power.
The development of electrical industry in Sardinia has been an essential moment
on a political, social and economic level; the design of artificial lakes has deeply
changed the morphology and the hydrology of the Isle, and the modern electrical
plants built along the coasts enlarged the industrial heritage which marks the
Sardinian landscape.
The studied time frame goes from 1911 and 1961, fifty years during which the
Società Elettrica Sarda (S.E.S.) has been in charge of the design and construction
of the hydroelectrical and thermic plants and power lines. The research focuses
on the architectures related to Sardinian electrization: the S.E.S., along with its
scientific committee led by Angelo Omodeo e Giulio Dolcetta, has built high
quality architectures and high level factories. The dykes and the plants not
only reached high technical performances, but are also the result of a fertile
architectural research that has no equals in the hystory of Sardinia.
Few of the plants have been demolished and some of them now are only ruins that
still demand for a solution; two of the hydroelectrical plants are still productive
and still provide for electrical power.
The aim of the research is to create an archive that puts together all documents
that are now stored in various archives in the whole country and also to deeply
investigate the buildings to discover the constructive and design ideas; all
architectures are studied trough drawing, that helps the understanding process
throughrout all components of the architecture, its materials and its building
techniques. The research will become an organic record that contains an accurate
study of the buildings designed by S.E.S. during the most active years of electrical
revolution in Sardinia; it also wants to become a solid means for a future design
action.
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Deliallisi, Bruno. « Progetto, gestione e collaudo di azionamenti elettrici per impianto di produzione industriale ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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L'elaborato descrive la progettazione, la gestione e il collaudo di una cabina elettrica per impianti industriali.
Vengono descritti all'interno di essa l'impianto meccanico, gli azionamenti elettrici, i sensori e il quadro elettrico che ha il compito di alimentare e gestire tutti i componenti in campo.
L'analisi e la progettazione descrivono tutto il processo partendo dalle specifiche ricevute fino al collaudo in cantiere
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DERIS, ZADEH ALI. « Raffreddamento di macchine elettriche con refrigeranti avanzati ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11697/169996.
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The aim of this research is to investigate the adaption of advanced coolants and phase change materials for electric machines in electric/hybrid vehicle applications. The study uses Al2O3 nanoparticles to enhance the heat transfer ability of liquid cooling systems employing the commonly used cooling jacket approach. Employing advanced coolants to improve the heat transfer performance of cooling systems with minimal changes in their structure can be considered as a cost-effective and practical approach to meet the requirements of vehicle applications. In line with this goal, in this research, both heat transfer and fluid flow behaviors of cooling systems employing nanofluids are investigated. In this way, the feasibility and effectiveness of the cooling system can be justified by taking practical criteria into account. Results of the study are used to find the trade-off between the heat transfer and fluid flow behaviors of the under-study nanofluid coolant to achieve the best possible overall performance. 3D CFD analyses are used to evaluate the cooling systems proposed in this research.
Since the applications considered in this research are electric machines used in electric vehicles, the losses of the electric machine were calculated under standard driving cycles. From the results, it was found that there are frequent peak power demands resulting in several peak losses. Also, it was observed that the values of peak losses are several times the mean value of electric machine losses. Considering this property of heat production in electric machines used in electric vehicle applications and the prominent property of phase change materials that have a high latent heat capacity, in this research a hybrid cooling system consisting of a passive cooling part based on phase change materials and an active cooling part based on liquid cooling method was designed. The results of the analyses showed that the phase change material is able to properly store excess thermal energy and the active cooling part assists the passive cooling part by rejecting the stored thermal energy to prepare the phase change material for the next peak heating cycle.
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Ramondo, Antonio. « Progetto esecutivo dell'impianto elettrico di un capannone industriale destinato alla commercializzazione di pneumatici ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/611/.
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BUTTURI, MARIA ANGELA. « Integrazione di sistemi a energia rinnovabile nel sistema elettrico locale : stato dell’arte e soluzioni innovative nell’ambito della Simbiosi Industriale e della Simbiosi Urbana-Industriale ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1244336.
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La riduzione delle emissioni climalteranti è considerata un obiettivo strategico, sia a livello europeo che globale. Una maggiore diffusione delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili (FER) è considerata essenziale per una transizione verso un sistema energetico più sostenibile. Questa transizione verso un’energia a basse emissioni di carbonio richiede lo sviluppo e l'uso di tecnologie innovative, in particolare nei settori di utilizzo finale (edifici, industria e trasporti), e nuovi approcci economici, di gestione e di mercato.
Lo studio presentato in questa tesi esplora le opportunità sostenibili offerte dall'approccio di simbiosi industriale e urbano-industriale basati sull'energia. La simbiosi industriale energetica (SIE) propone la condivisione di risorse, strutture e infrastrutture legate all'energia come un modello efficace per promuovere misure di risparmio energetico e l'adozione di fonti energetiche rinnovabili a livello industriale. Inoltre, è possibile perseguire una strategia energetica a basse emissioni di carbonio creando sinergie energetiche tra i distretti industriali e le aree urbane adiacenti. Stabilire la simbiosi energetica urbana-industriale (SUIE) consente di ottimizzare la produzione e il consumo di energia e di sfruttare il know-how locale e le risorse umane. Il nuovo sistema integrato necessita infatti di un cambio di prospettiva, considerando un'azione multi-stakeholder: aziende di servizi energetici, comunità locali, settore industriale, consumatori, policy maker, ricercatori devono impegnarsi attivamente nei processi di pianificazione partecipativa per guidare la trasformazione del sistema energetico e del processo di ricerca e innovazione, e rispondere adeguatamente alle esigenze del territorio.
Nella tesi viene presentata un'analisi approfondita dei molteplici driver e barriere tecnici, economici, organizzativi, normativi, ambientali e sociali dell'approccio di simbiosi energetica, con l'obiettivo di modellare le configurazioni ottimali delle sinergie energetiche tra le imprese che comprendano l’uso di FER. Viene inoltre sviluppata una metodologia per supportare energy manager, singole imprese, gruppi di imprese all'interno di parchi industriali e decisori per valutare le sinergie e i progetti energetici che coinvolgono FER, tenendo conto degli impatti economici, ambientali e sociali dei progetti.
Inoltre, viene sviluppato un framework orientato alla sostenibilità con l'obiettivo di modellare le sinergie energetiche urbano-industriali comprendenti le FER da un punto di vista multi-stakeholder per supportare il processo decisionale sulla sostenibilità economica, ambientale e sociale delle sinergie energetiche.
L’applicazione degli strumenti decisionali sviluppati a specifici casi studio consente di sottolineare come le strategie collettive (SIE o SUIE) consentano una migliore gestione della fornitura di energia da fonti rinnovabili.Reducing emissions responsible for the climate change is recognized as a strategic goal at European and global level. A higher deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) is considered as essential for a transition towards a more sustainable energy system. This low-carbon energy transition requires both the development and use of innovative technologies, particularly at end-use sectors (buildings, industry and transport), and new management approaches as well as new market design and business models. This study explores the sustainability driven opportunities offered by the energy based Industrial and Urban-Industrial Symbiosis approach. The Industrial Energy Symbiosis (IES) considers the sharing of energy-related resources, facilities and infrastructures as an effective model to promote energy conservation measures and the renewable energy sources uptake at the industrial level. In addition, an improved low-carbon strategy can be achieved creating energy synergies between industrial districts and the adjacent urban areas. Establishing Urban-Industrial Energy Symbiosis (UIES) allows optimizing the energy production and consumption and exploiting the local knowhow and human resources. These new integrated system needs a change of perspective, considering a multi-stakeholder action: energy service companies, local communities, industry sector, consumers, policy makers, researchers must get actively involved in participatory planning processes to guide the transformation of the energy system and the research and innovation process, and respond adequately to the needs of the territory. Thus, an in-depth analysis of the manifold technical, economic, organizational, regulatory, environmental and social drivers and barriers of the energy symbiosis approach are presented, with the aim of modelling the optimal energy synergies configurations among firms including RES. A methodology is developed to support energy managers, single firms, groups of firms within industrial parks, and decision-makers to evaluate energy synergies and projects involving RES, taking into account the economic, environmental and social impacts of the projects. Lastly, a sustainability-driven framework is developed, with the aim of modeling Urban–Industrial Energy Symbiosis networks integrating RES from a multi-stakeholder point of view and supporting decision-making on the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of the energy synergies. The application of the developed decision-making tools to specific case studies emphasizes how collective strategies (IES or UIES) allow better management of the energy supplied by renewable sources.
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Da, Vià Luigi. « Applicazione di un tomografo a resistenza elettrica allo studio della miscelazione in reattori bifase agitati meccanicamente ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2560/.
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Ballerini, Massimo <1986>. « Wireless Sensor Networks for Advanced Industrial and Biomedical Applications ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9239/1/Tesi_review_01.pdf.
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In the modern industry, data processing systems must be able to receive, aggregate, and process information from different sources to achieve complex tasks of production control and coordination. Examples are the real-time monitoring of the quality and quantity of products, biometric data acquisition in the rehabilitation procedures. Energy efficiency in the data communication system is essential in wireless networks. Reduce power consumption in the data exchange can prolong the operating life of battery-powered devices and save energy on a global scale. In this direction, a fundamental step is to accurately model the energy consumption for data communication over a wireless link for the system of interest.
The first part concerns the application scenario of the Body Sensor Network for motion reconstruction applications. Wireless systems that use wearable sensors have developed rapidly in recent years, and the requirements in terms of throughput and timing accuracy are challenging. This thesis presents a new general-purpose Inertial Measure Unit that exploits a dual-core architecture. A core offers processing capability, and the other one is a radio interface IEEE 802.15.4. I propose the whole system and a protocol to maximize the throughput, reduce the packet loss, and improve the robustness of wireless sensor nodes communication.
In the second part of the thesis, I move the attention to the Low Power Wide Area Network in the IoT scenario. Today, the most promising long-range communication technologies are LoRaWAN and Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT), which are driving a vast IoT ecosystem. A dedicated chapter evaluates the performance of LoRaWAN and NB-IoT with accurate in-field measurements using the same monitoring application for a comparison in terms of energy efficiency, lifetime, quality of service (QoS), and coverage. Finally, the last part provides configuration guidelines for future industrial applications with harsh requirements of long-range and low power wireless connectivity.
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Ficorella, Andrea. « Application of avalanche detectors in scientific and industrial measurement systems ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242726.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Geiger-Mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APDs) are diodes designed to operate at a reverse voltage that exceeds the breakdown voltage. Their ability to detect single photons combined with their excellent timing resolution make them ideal for applications in which low amplitude signals need to be detected with sub-ns timing resolution. In the research activity reported in this dissertation two different applications of Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photo Diode arrays have been analysed: a two-tier GM-APD array with in-pixel coincidence for particle tracking and a direct Time-of-Flight range meter with a SiPM-based receiver. The increasing complexity of particle tracking systems at collider experiments demands for high performance detectors with high granularity and position accuracy, low material budget and power consumption. Both Hybrid and monolithic detectors have been proposed as particle trackers. Hybrid detectors have the advantage of allowing an independent customization of sensors and readout electronics, but they exhibit a higher input capacitance that increases readout noise, thus limiting their minimum thickness (100 µm). Monolithic detectors have lower input capacitance, thus a better minimum detectable charge, with a charge time collection of few tens of ns. Thanks to their high gain, particle detectors based on GM-APDs have the potential for combining low material budget, low power consumption and an excellent timing resolution in the range of 100 ps. However, their use as particle tracking detectors has been prevented by their Dark Count Rate, since it is not possible to discriminate a particle-generated event from a dark event. To overcome this issue, the use of GM-APDs in coincidence has been proposed. The activity reported in this dissertation has been conducted in the framework of APiX2 and ASAP projects funded by Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). A two-tier sensor based on avalanche detectors in coincidence has been designed and fabricated in standard 150 nm CMOS technology. A charged particle crossing both GM-APDs integrated in a pixel triggers an avalanche in both devices. The output signal from each detector reaches the coincidence electronics, that allows the device to discriminate the particle detection from dark events. The performance of the proposed detector has been evaluated in a complete electrical and functional characterization campaign. The feasibility to reduce the substrate thickness has been studied in some devices thinned down to 50 µm and 25 µm. The electronics for coincidence detection was also used to directly measure optical crosstalk, a phenomenon that is getting greater importance as stacked optical and image sensors are becoming common. The functional characterization of the APiX prototype was performed with a beta-source and an evaluation of the radiation hardness of the devices was carried out in an irradiation campaign with neutrons at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL). SiPMs take advantage of the characteristics of GM-APDs such as high sensitivity, high efficiency and very low time jitter, and overcome the problem related to the dead time connecting several sensitive elements in parallel, making them suitable for the simultaneous detection of more than one photon. The evaluation of a SiPM-based direct Time-of-Flight range meter has been performed at two different wavelengths: 405 nm and 810 nm. The set of measurement at 405 nm has been performed using a TCSPC module as acquisition system, while in the 810 nm measurements a low-cost FPGA-based TDC was used. The replacement of the TCSPC module with an FPGA-based TDC represents an important step towards the integration of a low-cost prototype thanks also to the low power consumption of the device. In order to evaluate the feasibility of a SiPM-based range meter in the NIR region, a collaboration with the Circuits and Systems Research Unit of the ITEE Faculty of the University of Oulu was established to set up a system with a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well laser diode with a spectral emission of 0.808 µm as transmitter and a NIR-HD SiPM with an enhanced efficiency for NIR photons recently developed at FBK as receiver. The evaluation was performed at high repetition rate (MHz range), for the perspective purpose to upgrade the system including a 2-axis scanning mirror to perform real-time 3D imaging.
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PASQUALOTTO, DARIO. « Towards more autonomous and intelligent industrial AC drives for Mechatronics ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3443504.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The modern industrial world calls for efficient, reliable and safe systems. A contribution to the solution to all these problems is the predictive maintenance.
According to this trend and tailoring the analysis to the electric drives field, this thesis performs a step forward for the realization of more reliable drives through their condition monitoring. Different AC motors have been considered in the dissertation: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, Induction Motors and Synchronous Reluctance Motors, covering the actual and also the next future industrial drives scenario.
Some of the more relevant faults that can occur on these machines have been taken into account: interturn short circuits, demagnetization and damage at the rotor bars. The development of adequate observation indexes for the recognition of these failures has been researched deeply in the past. Nowadays, the prompt recognition of the incoming failure condition is the issue that modern research in this field has to face. In the following chapters, some innovative Artificial Intelligence-based tools will be applied for the condition monitoring of electric motors. Artificial Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks are used here in different ways: for an effective modelling of the machine behaviour and for the knowledge-based recognition of the motor state of health.
The main bottleneck in developing Neural Networks is the availability of a proper training dataset for the efficient tuning of their weights. In case of electric motors, the problem is even more relevant. A huge amount of healthy and damaged motors are needed, an unaffordable condition for this industry-oriented context. As an innovative and never-used-before approach, very precise models of the motors have been used in the thesis to generate artificially the training dataset. When these models were not available, the Data Augmentation theory was used instead as a keen and innovative approach for the artificial enhancing of the available training datasets.
Very relevant results have been obtained and the principal and more significant ones are reported in this dissertation. Three different Convolutional Neural Network designs are reported. The first, trained only on a simulative accurate model of the motor, was able to efficiently recognize demagnetization and the interturn fault on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. The second one, oriented to Induction Motors, the model was not available and so Data Augmentation was used to train the network that recognizes broken bars in the rotor. The third network was used again for Induction Motors but it made use of a model which definition was still based on a built-in Neural Network. Finally, this same Artificial Intelligence-based modelling methodology was used for the effective implementation of the Extended Kalman Filter for the sensorless control of Synchronous Reluctance Motors, thus further enhancing the reliability of the drive, since the position sensor is avoided. The motor non linearities have been managed through a custom Artificial Neural Network and new approaches to the original Extended Kalman Filter implementations have been studied.
As common root of all the treated topics, Neural Networks applicability on the electric drives field has been investigated. In the development of these tools, a special and careful eye was taken to maintain the solution feasible and attractive from an industrial point of view. Therefore, each of the arguments was fully validated through an intensive simulation and experimental stages, as reported in the thesis.The modern industrial world calls for efficient, reliable and safe systems. A contribution to the solution to all these problems is the predictive maintenance. According to this trend and tailoring the analysis to the electric drives field, this thesis performs a step forward for the realization of more reliable drives through their condition monitoring. Different AC motors have been considered in the dissertation: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, Induction Motors and Synchronous Reluctance Motors, covering the actual and also the next future industrial drives scenario. Some of the more relevant faults that can occur on these machines have been taken into account: interturn short circuits, demagnetization and damage at the rotor bars. The development of adequate observation indexes for the recognition of these failures has been researched deeply in the past. Nowadays, the prompt recognition of the incoming failure condition is the issue that modern research in this field has to face. In the following chapters, some innovative Artificial Intelligence-based tools will be applied for the condition monitoring of electric motors. Artificial Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks are used here in different ways: for an effective modelling of the machine behaviour and for the knowledge-based recognition of the motor state of health. The main bottleneck in developing Neural Networks is the availability of a proper training dataset for the efficient tuning of their weights. In case of electric motors, the problem is even more relevant. A huge amount of healthy and damaged motors are needed, an unaffordable condition for this industry-oriented context. As an innovative and never-used-before approach, very precise models of the motors have been used in the thesis to generate artificially the training dataset. When these models were not available, the Data Augmentation theory was used instead as a keen and innovative approach for the artificial enhancing of the available training datasets. Very relevant results have been obtained and the principal and more significant ones are reported in this dissertation. Three different Convolutional Neural Network designs are reported. The first, trained only on a simulative accurate model of the motor, was able to efficiently recognize demagnetization and the interturn fault on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors. The second one, oriented to Induction Motors, the model was not available and so Data Augmentation was used to train the network that recognizes broken bars in the rotor. The third network was used again for Induction Motors but it made use of a model which definition was still based on a built-in Neural Network. Finally, this same Artificial Intelligence-based modelling methodology was used for the effective implementation of the Extended Kalman Filter for the sensorless control of Synchronous Reluctance Motors, thus further enhancing the reliability of the drive, since the position sensor is avoided. The motor non linearities have been managed through a custom Artificial Neural Network and new approaches to the original Extended Kalman Filter implementations have been studied. As common root of all the treated topics, Neural Networks applicability on the electric drives field has been investigated. In the development of these tools, a special and careful eye was taken to maintain the solution feasible and attractive from an industrial point of view. Therefore, each of the arguments was fully validated through an intensive simulation and experimental stages, as reported in the thesis.
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Ghirardi, Lorenzo. « Sviluppo di innovativi sistemi di movimentazione in ambiente farmaceutico con l’impiego di motori elettrici lineari ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17416/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’elaborato presenta un nuovo sistema di movimentazione, in ambiente farmaceutico, basato sull’impiego di attuatori lineari. La macchina oggetto dello studio si chiama Xtrema. Il ciclo di lavoro prevede una serie di operazioni necessarie a dosare il prodotto, liquido o polvere, all’interno di flaconi realizzati in vetro.
Dopo aver analizzato l’Xtrema in tutti i suoi punti, si è individuato nel sistema di trasporto principale, costituito da una cinghia dentata, l’elemento più debole. L’obbiettivo dell’elaborato consiste nel riuscire a risolvere i problemi trovati attraverso l’impiego di futuristici motori lineari, chiamati Planar Motor. Inoltre, vista la presenza di brevetti rivendicanti l’impiego di questa tecnologia, si dovranno elaborare delle soluzioni in grado di superare questo vincolo.
Innanzi tutto, si sono studiati questi motori attraverso la lettura di testi scientifici e brevetti. Successivamente si è compiuta un'analisi dei tempi ciclo per capire quale stazione rappresenti il collo di bottiglia dell’attuale macchina. In seguito, si è svolta la progettazione concettuale, partendo dalla SWOT analysis, seguita dall’individuazione dei bisogni e delle corrispettive specifiche tecniche. Dopo di che, si sono ricercate tutte le architetture possibili associate al dosaggio e alla pesatura. Al fine di selezionare le diverse soluzioni, si è compiuta un’analisi al valore. Ulteriore oggetto di studio sono stati il porta flacone, l’operazione di tappatura e il recovery dello stadio mobile: anche in questo caso, per i primi due, si è sfruttata un’analisi al valore con lo scopo di determinare le migliori casistiche. In conclusione, l’elaborato fornisce le migliori soluzioni attuabili per sostituire e realizzare una nuova macchina automatica basata sull’impiego di motori lineari.
Livres sur le sujet "Industria elettrica"
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1943-, Pavia Rosario, et Bruno Giovanni, dir. Paesaggi elettrici : Territori, architetture, culture. Venezia : Marsilio, 1998.
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Coriasso, Renato. Lavoro e energia : Lavoratori elettrici e sindacato 1884-1945. Milano, Italy : F. Angeli, 1988.
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Vigliocco, Elena. Patrimonio y paisajes eléctricos : Patrimonio e paesaggi elettrici. Gijón - Asturias : CICEES, 2016.
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Coriasso, Renato. Tra partecipazione e conflitto : Le relazioni sindacali all'Enel. Milano, Italy : FrancoAngeli, 1994.
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Centro studi ricerche economiche e sociali (Terni, Italy), dir. L' energia elettrica nello sviluppo dell'industria ternana ed al servizio del paese. Terni : Edizioni Thyrus, 1985.
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Aris, Accornero, et Treu Tiziano, dir. La grande trasformazione nel settore elettrico : Le relazioni industriali in Enel e nelle aziende locali (1987-2007). Milano, Italy : FrancoAngeli, 2009.
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Valcovich, Edino. Due edifici industriali del Porto Vecchio di Trieste : La Centrale Idrodinamica, la Stazione Elettrica di Transformazione. Trieste : LINT, 1992.
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Luca, Mazzei, et Risi Nelo 1920-, dir. Cinema elettrico : I film dell'archivio AEM (1928-1962). Milano : Rizzoli, 2011.
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Accornero, Cristina. La salute come democrazia partecipata : La Cassa mutua dell'Azienda elettrica municipale di Torino : 1921-1978. Torino : CELID, 2006.
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Gregorio, Pinella Di. La Società generale elettrica della Sicilia : Strategia e sviluppo di una grande impresa. Palermo : Edizioni Guida, 1994.
Trouver le texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Industria elettrica"
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Kovac, J., S. Günther, A. Kolmakov, L. Casalis, L. Gregoratti, D. Lonza, M. Marsi et M. Kiskinova. « Photoemission spectro-microscopy at ELETTRA ». Dans The fourteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.52553.
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Cautero, Marco, Tomasz Ciesla et Roberto Visintini. « Improvements on the booster magnet power converters at Elettra ». Dans IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2015.7392569.
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Visintini, Roberto, Marco Cautero et Stefano Cleva. « New remote control strategies for the magnet power supplies of the Elettra Storage Ring ». Dans IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6700310.
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Cleva, Stefano, Marco Cautero, Tomasz Ciesla, Roberto Visintini et Maria Teresa Outeiro. « Performance assessment of the new remote power supply controller for the Elettra Storage Ring magnets ». Dans IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2014.7049269.
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Birarda, Giovanni, Diana Bedolla, Federica Piccirilli, Chiaramaria Stani, Hendrik Vondracek et Lisa Vaccari. « Chemical analyses at micro and nano scale at SISSI-Bio beamline at Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste ». Dans Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy 2022 : Advances in Research and Industry, sous la direction de Zhiwei Huang. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2607751.
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Cleva, Stefano, Marco Cautero, Tomasz Ciesla, Giulio Gaio, Marco Lonza, Lorenzo Pivetta, Claudio Scafuri, Paolo Sigalotti et Roberto Visintini. « How open design solutions are going to affect particle accelerators controls and diagnostics : The Elettra case ». Dans 2014 AEIT Annual Conference - From Research to Industry : The Need for a More Effective Technology Transfer (AEIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aeit.2014.7002056.
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Bonzani, Federico, et Giacomo Pollarolo. « Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbine Operating Experience With Low BTU Fuels ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2004 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53526.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Gas Turbine market for low BTU fuels has become very important in Italy in the last decade mainly due to the chance for the private utilities to sell power to the grid at higher rates according to a national law (CIP6/1992) specifically dealing with recovery fuel use for gas turbine power generation. Ansaldo Energia has been engaged in three low BTU fuel projects in Italy dealing respectively with IGCC technology and steel mill fuel gas. Each of these plants has its own features which all in all gives a wide range of experiences in development and operation of gas turbine fired with low BTU fuels. The first project is the ISAB Priolo IGCC plant, whereas two V94.2K manufactured by Ansaldo Energia are in operation burning syngas from residual refinery gasification since 1999. Since the presence of fuel impurities coming from the gasifier a new design phase and a test campaign has been necessary to re-design the syngas burner, originally developed by Siemens PG, in order to overcome this problems. The engines are now successfully operating. The second project is the Elettra Servola combined cycle plant whereas a V94.2K manufactured by Ansaldo Energia is in operation since 2000 burning a mixture of steel mill gas and natural gas. During the successfully operation some burner design optimisation has been required in order to meet the industrial process modification. The third project is the ENIPower Ferrera Erbognone IGCC plant is under realisation and the relevant first firing will be expected on next January 2004. The syngas burner test campaign carried out has shown very promising results that have to be confirmed on site. The paper is showing the combustion concept relevant to the combustion system and is giving an overview about the operating experience achieved by Ansaldo Energia in this field mainly focusing on how the main critical aspects have been faced and overcome.