Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Indici similarità »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Indici similarità"
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Tampubolon, Koko, Fransisca Natalia Sihombing, Elseria Siburian, Yustina Sri Sulastri, Zavandri Purba, Sony Tri Septian Samosir et Syahibal Karim. « Similarity and Phylogenetic Analysis of Herbicide-Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotypes ». Caraka Tani : Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 34, no 2 (8 août 2019) : 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v34i2.29156.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Molecular approach as a herbicide-resistant agent detector is an initial solution before controlling of <em>Eleusine indica </em>weed. This review article is aimed to obtain the basic data of similarity and phylogenetic values among herbicide-resistant <em>E. indica</em><em> </em>biotypes. This research used a descriptive analytical method. The analysis involved 14 nucleotide sequences of herbicide-resistant <em>E.indica </em>biotypes obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The nucleotide alignment of herbicide-resistant <em>E. indica </em>biotypes was conducted with ClustaLW using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) v. 5.05 software based on a method of neighbor-joining tree construct/test. The results showed that two nucleotides of 7,921 herbicide-resistant <em>E. indica</em> biotypes were homologous (sequence 1,231 and sequence 1,408). The similarity values among herbicide-resistant <em>E. indica</em> biotypes ranged from 0.00 to 1.19. The information of phylogenetic pattern is needed in the selection of the herbicides mode of action rotation in order to control herbicide-resistant <em>E. indica </em>biotypes.
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Rahmawati, Fitriana, et Suharjono Suharjono. « Potency of Endophytic and Rhizospheric Bacteria of Akar Kucing (Acalypha indica Linn.) as Antibacteria against Klebsiella pneumoniae ». Journal of Tropical Life Science 11, no 2 (31 mai 2021) : 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.02.06.
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The prevalence of pneumonia in Indonesia was 2% in 2018. Treatment of pneumonia using antibiotics caused resistance to pathogenic bacteria. Endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria from the medicinal plant Acalypha indica Linn., is a new type of bacteria that produces antibacterial compounds against Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aims to analyze the potency and identify endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria of the A. indica Linn as an antibacterial of K. pneumoniae. The research includes isolation and purification of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria of the A. indica Linn, antagonistic assay of bacteria cell culture, antibacterial assay of bacteria metabolites, and identification of potential isolates based on 16S rDNA sequence similarity. The results showed that number of rhizosphere bacteria 6.83 × 105 CFU/g was more than endophytic bacteria 1.78 × 104 CFU/g. Diversity of rhizosphere bacterial 0.72 was higher than endophytic bacteria 0.62. The rhizospheric bacteria RU112B and RU315B had the highest activity to inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae. Both isolates RU112B and RU315B were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus with a similarity 99.83% and Luteimonas terrae with a similarity 99.67% respectively
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Rekha, T., Kottackal Poulose Martin, V. B. Sreekumar et Joseph Madassery. « Genetic Diversity Assessment of Rarely Cultivated Traditional Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties ». Biotechnology Research International 2011 (12 juillet 2011) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/784719.
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Random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting was performed to assess the genetic diversity among rarely cultivated traditional indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties collected from a tribal hamlet of Kerala State, India. A total of 664 DNA bands amplified by 15 primers exhibited 72.9% polymorphism (an average of 32.3 polymorphic bands per primer). The varieties Jeerakasala and Kalladiyaran exhibited the highest percent (50.19%) polymorphism, while Thondi and Adukkan showed the lowest (9.85%). Adukkan (78 bands) and Jeerakasala (56 bands) yielded the highest and the lowest number of amplicons, respectively. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean analysis using the Dice similarity coefficient showed the highest value of similarity coefficient between the varieties Adukkan and Thondi, both shared higher level of similarity (0.81), followed by Kanali and Thondi (0.88). Of the three subclusters, the varieties of Adukkan, Thondi, Kanali, Mannuveliyan, Thonnuranthondi, and Chennellu grouped together with a similarity of 0.77. The second group represented by Navara, Gandhakasala, and Jeerakasala with a similarity coefficient of 0.76 formed a cohesive group. The variety Kalladiyaran formed an isolated position that joined the second cluster. The Principal Coordinate Analysis also showed separation of Kalladiyaran from the other varieties.
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Prakash, Om, Hitendra Munot, Yogesh Nimonkar, Madhu Sharma, Shreyas Kumbhare et Yogesh S. Shouche. « Description of Pelistega indica sp. nov., isolated from human gut ». International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_4 (1 avril 2014) : 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.059782-0.
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A Gram-stain-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid bacterium was isolated from a stool sample of a healthy human subject and formed cream colour colonies on tryptic soy agar. Almost full-length (1500 bp) small subunit rRNA (16S rRNA) gene sequences were generated and a similarity search was conducted by blast. The results of the similarity search indicated that the bacterium belongs to the class Betaproteobacteria , family Alcaligenaceae . It showed maximum sequence similarity (96.5 %) with Pelistega europaea CCUG 39967T followed by Advenella mimigardefordensis DSM 17166T (96.1 %) and Taylorella asinigenitalis LMG 19572T (95.3 %). The DNA G+C content of strain HM-7T was 42 mol%. Strain HM-7T contained C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 3-OH and C18 : 0 as the dominant fatty acids. Morphological, physiological and biochemical data also indicated that strain HM-7T represents a member of the genus Pelistega , but at the same time distinguished it from Pelistega europaea CCUG 39967T, the only species of the genus with a validly published name. Based on polyphasic characterization we conclude that the bacterium represents a novel species of the genus Pelistega and propose the name Pelistega indica sp. nov., with strain HM-7T ( = MCC 2185T = DSM 27484T) as the type strain of the species.
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Ariffin, Zulhairil, Muhammad Shafie Md Sah, Salma Idris et Nuradni Hashim. « Genetic Diversity of Selected Mangifera Species Revealed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats Markers ». International Journal of Biodiversity 2015 (3 novembre 2015) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/458237.
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ISSR markers were employed to reveal genetic diversity and genetic relatedness among 28 Mangifera accessions collected from Yan (Kedah), Bukit Gantang (Perak), Sibuti (Sarawak), and Papar (Sabah). A total of 198 markers were generated using nine anchored primers and one nonanchored primer. Genetic variation among the 28 accessions of Mangifera species including wild relatives, landraces, and clonal varieties is high, with an average degree of polymorphism of 98% and mean Shannon index, H0=7.50. Analysis on 18 Mangifera indica accessions also showed high degree of polymorphism of 99% and mean Shannon index, H0=5.74. Dice index of genetic similarity ranged from 0.0938 to 0.8046 among the Mangifera species. The dendrogram showed that the Mangifera species were grouped into three main divergent clusters. Cluster 1 comprised 14 accessions from Kedah and Perak. Cluster II and cluster III comprised 14 accessions from Sarawak and Sabah. Meanwhile, the Dice index of genetic similarity for 18 accessions of Mangifera indica ranged from 0.2588 to 0.7742. The dendrogram also showed the 18 accessions of Mangifera indica were grouped into three main clusters. Cluster I comprised 10 landraces of Mangifera indica from Kedah. Cluster II comprised 7 landraces of Mangifera indica followed by Chokanan to form Cluster III.
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Hatayama, Kouta, Satomi Kawai, Hirofumi Shoun, Yasuichi Ueda et Akira Nakamura. « Pseudomonas azotifigens sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a compost pile ». International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no 4 (1 juillet 2005) : 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63586-0.
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A nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain 6H33bT, was isolated from a compost pile in Japan. The nitrogenase activity of this strain was detected based on its acetylene-reducing activity under low oxygen concentrations (2–4 %). An analysis of the genes responsible for nitrogen fixation in this strain, nifH and nifD, indicated a close relationship to those of Pseudomonas stutzeri A15 (A1501). Sequence similarity searches based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 6H33bT belongs within the genus Pseudomonas sensu stricto; closest similarity was with Pseudomonas indica (97·3 %). A comparison of several taxonomic characteristics of 6H33bT with those of P. indica and some type strains of the genus Pseudomonas sensu stricto indicated that 6H33bT could be distinguished from P. indica based on the presence of nitrogen fixation ability, the absence of nitrate reduction and denitrification abilities and the utilization of some sugars and organic acids. Phylogenetic analyses and the results of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments also indicated that strain 6H33bT represents a species distinct from P. indica. From these results, it is proposed that strain 6H33bT (=ATCC BAA-1049T=JCM 12708T) is classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas sensu stricto under the name Pseudomonas azotifigens sp. nov.
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ADEDEJI, Olubukola. « Palynology of the Genus Stachytarpheta Vahl. (Verbenaceae) ». Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, no 4 (5 décembre 2010) : 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb244816.
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The exine morphology of pollen grains of Stachytarpheta indica (Linn.) Vahl, Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl and Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl is reported. This study was carried out with a light microscope. Pollen grains from fresh anthers were collected and aceolysed. Statistical analysis used to analyse the data collected include cluster analysis, correlation analysis, similarity and distance indices. The pollen grains are spheroidal to oblate to sub-oblate in shape. They are aperturate, both colpate and porate. Tricolpate types occur most frequently, acolpate, monocolpate, bicolpate and tetracolpate types less frequently. The multicolpate and multiporate attributes in all the species indicate that the genus is not primitive in evolutionary history and this species probably, evolved around in the same time. According to the size, the pollen grains of the genus falls into groups permagna (pollen diameter 100-200 μm) and giganta (pollen diameter greater than 200 μm). S. cayennensis and S. anguistifolia belong to group permagna and S. indica only in the group giganta. This separates S. indica from the other two species. The large pollen grain size in the genus clearly supports the fact that the flowers in the genus are more insect-and-bird pollinated than wind pollinated. The similarity and distance indices of the species showed that S. cayennensis and S. angustifolia are the closest. S. indica is closer to S. angustifolia but farther from S. cayennensis.
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Fanelli, Rosa Maria. « SimilaritĂ e convergenza dei consumi alimentari in Europa ». AGRICOLTURA ISTITUZIONI MERCATI, no 1 (décembre 2010) : 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/aim2009-001011.
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Il lavoro proposto mira ad analizzare la "similarità " e la possibile convergenza dei consumi alimentari tra gli Stati membri dell'Unione Europea nel decennio 1993-2003 attraverso i dati di fonte Fao (Food and Agricolture Organization) e relativi ai consumi lordi delle seguenti tipologie di prodotti: cereali, carni, pesce, latte, formaggi, uova, grassi animali, grassi vegetali (oli), frutta fresca, frutta secca, ortaggi, caffé, zucchero e vino. La rilevanza dello studio proposto consiste nel mettere in luce se esistono traiettorie evolutive comuni tra i Paesi europei o se, per contro, ancora permangono differenziazioni. Tale prospettiva risulta di particolare importanza soprattutto dal punto di vista della formulazione di appropriate politiche agricole e agroalimentari rispetto alle quali si avverte oggi la necessità di un ripensamento al fine di valorizzare appieno il legame tra consumi alimentari e agricoltura, da un lato, e consumi alimentari e rischi alimentari per la salute legati alla dieta, dall'altro. Questi aspetti sono di particolare rilevanza anche per la definizione di un sistema di protezione del consumatore in grado di evitare o limitare i rischi agli operatori della catena agroalimentare. Il lavoro prende avvio dalla caratterizzazione dei consumi alimentari e delle loro recenti tendenze che rappresenta l'indispensabile cornice interpretativa dei risultati dell'analisi di "similarità " e di convergenza. Questi due ultimi aspetti sono sviluppati attraverso la costruzione di indici sintetici e di appropriate tecniche di classificazione. Infine, le conclusioni mirano a recuperare la visione di insieme del lavoro per porre in evidenza i principali aspetti di rilevo per le implicazioni di politica economica in campo agricolo e agroalimentare.
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Kingkaew, Engkarat, Ratthanatda Nuhwa, Jirabhorn Piluk, Sitanan Thitiprasert, Nuttha Thongchul et Somboon Tanasupawat. « Terrilactibacillus tamarindi sp. nov., isolated from bark of Tamarindus indica ». International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no 7 (1 juillet 2020) : 4145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004261.
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A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, terminal-spore-forming rod, designated strain BCM23-1T, was isolated from bark of Tamarindus indica collected from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. This strain produced d-lactic acid from glucose. It grew at 20–45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 3.5–9 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 1–4 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Polar lipids analysis revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C15:0, and iso-C16 : 0 when cultivated on GYP agar plates. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain BCM23-1T and Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus NK26-11T was 98.3 %. The draft genome of BCM23-1T was 3.24 Mb in size and contained 3088 coding sequences with an in silico DNA G+C content of 37.1 mol%. The values of ANIb, ANIm and digital DNA–DNA hybridization between strain BCM23-1T and T. laevilacticus NK26-11T were 89.9, 90.8 and 40.4 %, respectively. The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, and whole genome analyses support strain BCM23-1T as representing a novel species of Terrilactibacillus for which the name Terrilactibacillus tamarindi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BCM23-1T (=LMG 31662T=JCM 33748T=TISTR 2841T).
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Song, Lei, Fei Ren, Ying Huang, Xin Dai et Yuguang Zhou. « Idiomarina indica sp. nov., isolated from seawater ». International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_7 (1 juillet 2013) : 2497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.046789-0.
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Two Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains SW104T and X07, were isolated from a seawater sample collected from the Indian Ocean. The strains grew at a temperature range of 12–50 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain SW104T were iso-C15 : 0 (41.2 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (15.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (11.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains SW104T and X07 were 49.8 and 49.5 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the new isolates were related to members of the genus Idiomarina , showing the highest similarity with Idiomarina taiwanensis PIT1T and Idiomarina maritima 908087T (96.1 and 95.9 %, respectively). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strains SW104T and X07 should be described as representatives of a novel species of the genus Idiomarina , for which the name Idiomarina indica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW104T ( = CGMCC 1.10824T = JCM 18138T).
Thèses sur le sujet "Indici similarità"
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Di, Mauro Enio. « Confronto tra indici di similarità per la diagnostica predittiva model of signal-based nelle macchine automatiche ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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L'elaborato tratta l'applicazione del metodo di diagnostica predittiva model of signal based ai dati delle vibrazioni di una macchina automatica. La vibrazioni della macchina sono state rappresentate per mezzo di modelli autoregressivi (AR) e per la stima dei parametri è stato utilizzato il metodo dei minimi quadrati. Per il confronto tra i modelli della macchina in funzionamento nominale e quelli in condizioni anomale, sono stati utilizzati vari indici di similarità, tra i quali, gli indici spettrali che hanno fornito maggiorni informazioni rispetto ai restanti. Tale procedimento è stato implementato anche su PLC Beckhoff in linguaggio ST.
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CAPITOLI, GIULIA. « Application of Maldi-imaging proteomics analysis on thyroid biopsies : identification of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/262313.
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L’attuale gold standard diagnostico nella routine clinica utilizzato per escludere la natura maligna di noduli tiroidei, è rappresentato dalla valutazione morfologica del materiale ottenuto da biopsie. Tuttavia, non sempre è possibile arrivare ad una diagnosi citologica affidabile e circa il 20-30% dei noduli risultano “inderterminati per malignità”. I pazienti con questa diagnosi vengono quindi sottoposti a tiroidectomia totale e dopo l’analisi istologica post-operatoria l’80% circa di essi risultano essere benigni. L’impatto dell’operazione sul paziente è rilevante poiché le funzioni fisiologiche della tiroide dovranno essere sostituite cronicamente con l’utilizzo di farmaci, il cui costo, in aggiunta a quello dell’operazione, ha un peso sul bilancio sanitario. Negli ultimi anni, nel campo della ricerca biomedica, grande attenzione è stata riposta verso l’analisi proteomica e verso la sua potenziale applicazione nella ricerca di nuovi biomarcatori, determinanti nel discriminare noduli benigni da maligni in modo da minimizzare la diagnosi di malignità indeterminata.
La spettrometria di massa è uno degli strumenti più importanti per ottenere informazioni riguardanti la composizione molecolare di un campione, la presenza di biomolecole e la loro abbondanza. Tra i diversi approcci proteomici in grado di identificare alterazioni molecolari di diversi tipi di lesioni, la tecnica di Imaging MALDI-MSI (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry Imaging) ha guadagnato sempre più spazio e interesse. MALDI-MSI rappresenta una tecnologia ideale che permette di esplorare la distribuzione spaziale di biomolecole nel tessuto integrando informazioni molecolari e quelle tradizionali morfologiche. Visti i recenti risultati ottenuti tramite l’analisi MALDI-MSI di campioni di tessuto tiroideo nell’identificazione di segnali proteomici in grado di discriminare casi benigni da maligni, l’idea che è nata è stata quella di applicare per la prima volta questo tipo di analisi a campioni citologici ottenuti da biopsie di noduli tiroidei.
Prima di poter applicare la tecnica MALDI allo studio clinico, il protocollo di analisi è stato ottimizzato per evitare problemi di degradazione, fenomeni di alterazioni o contaminazioni e formazione di artefatti. Due diversi problemi tecnici quali i) l’interferenza dell’emoglobina a causa dell’elevata vascolarizzazione dell’organo e ii) la stabilità del campione nel tempo prima dell’analisi da un punto di vista morfologico e proteomico, sono stati affrontati e risolti in due studi pianificati come parte del progetto di tesi.
In origine lo studio clinico per l’identificazione di potenziali cluster di segnali con proprietà discriminanti prendeva in considerazione un ampio numero di campioni di noduli tiroidei ma, a causa del lento arruolamento di casi maligni per la loro natura rara, la tesi contiene solo i risultati di un analisi preliminare. 18 soggetti sono stati arruolati per il training set (9 noduli benigni e 9 maligni). Il modello di regressione logistica penalizzato (LASSO) è stato costruito su un set di dati di 81 regioni di interesse, in accordo con l’identificazione morfologica operata dal patologo per evitare false informazioni derivanti da cellule diverse dai tirociti. Il modello di classificazione è stato validato su 11 pazienti con diversi tipi di lesioni (i.e. benigna, indeterminata e maligna). I risultati sono molto promettenti e sottolineano la possibilità di introdurre MALDI-MSI come uno strumento complementare nella caratterizzazione diagnostica delle lesioni tiroidee. Sono inoltre stati esaminati gli indici di similarità più utilizzati tra i numerosi profili di spettri ed è stata proposta una nuova misura. Uno studio di simulazione di spettri di massa è stato poi implementato per identificare le migliori misure di similarità in termini di performance, da applicare per comparare profili proteomici.The actual gold standard to exclude the malignant nature of thyroid nodules in the clinical routine is represented by thyroid Fine Needle Aspirations (FNAs) biopsies. Thyroid FNAs are safe and cost-effective. Approximately the 20-30% of cases have an indeterminate for malignancy final report. These patients undergo diagnostic (and not therapeutic) thyroidectomy, but after surgery the 80% of these thyroid nodules are benign. This overtreatment has of course important consequences in the quality of life of the patients and high healthcare costs. The application of -omics techniques might have a potential role in the research for new diagnostic markers able to discriminate benign from malignant nodules, thus minimizing the challenging cases of indeterminate for malignancy. Mass spectrometry is one of the most important analytical tools able to obtain information regarding the molecular composition of a sample, the presence of biomolecules and their abundance. Among the different proteomics approaches able to extract the molecular alterations of the different type of specimen’s lesion, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) was strongly emerging. MALDI-MSI represents an ideal technology that enables to explore the spatial distribution of biomolecules within tissue, integrating molecular and traditional morphological information while preserving the integrity of the analysed tissue. Various studies applied MALDI-MSI technology for prognostic purposes and for in real time diagnostic setting, showing the usefulness, advantages and applicability of MALDI-MSI in different fields of pathology. Due to the promising results recently obtained with MALDI-MSI in the identification of proteomic signals able to differentiate between benign and malignant cases from the analysis of thyroid tissue after surgery , the idea was to apply for the first time MALDI-MSI on real thyroid FNAs biopsies. Preliminary to the clinical study, the protocol for the proteomic MALDI-MSI analysis was optimised to avoid degradation, alteration phenomena, contamination and artefacts formation. The methodological improvement of the protocol in a complicated field as thyroid cytological specimens played an important role in this study. Challenging technical aspects, such as i) the interference of haemoglobin due to the high vascularization of the thyroid organ and ii) the stability of the samples over time before the analysis from a morphological and proteomic point of view, were overcome through two studies that were planned and analysed as part of the thesis. The clinical study for the detection of the potential cluster of signals with discriminant capability was originally planned to involve a large sample of thyroid nodules, however, due to the slow enrolment rate of malignant cases, the thesis contains only the results of a preliminary analysis. Eighteen subjects contributed to the training set with 9 benign and 9 malignant thyroid nodules. The statistical model was based on data of 81 specific region of interest, according to the morphological triage performed by the pathologist in order to overcome false information deriving from non thyrocytes cells. The validation phase was performed on 11 patients with different type of lesions (i.e. benign, indeterminate and malignant). Results are very promising and highlight the possibility to introduce MALDI-MSI as a complementary tool for the diagnostic characterization of thyroid lesions. A methodological aspect that emerged from the peculiarity of the proteomic analysis was also investigated. A review of the most used indices for the assessment of the similarity between mass spectra profiles was performed and a new measure was proposed. A simulation study was implemented in order to identify the best similarity measure to use in comparing proteomic profiles.
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Simoncini, Matilde. « Sviluppo di una piattaforma software per il "cell formation problem" nei sistemi produttivi ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Il presente elaborato si propone di fornire un’esaustiva trattazione relativamente a quella che viene chiamata produzione cellulare, o Cellular Manufacturing, conosciuta come un’importante applicazione della Group Technology. Ne vengono discusse le condizioni di applicazione, i conseguenti benefici apportati e le molteplici metodologie, presentate in letteratura, per affrontare il problema della formazione delle celle produttive (Cell Formation Problem).
L’obiettivo dell’elaborato, però, non si limita solamente a descrivere i vari aspetti citati, in quanto si è tentato di automatizzare, con successo, tali procedure attraverso la creazione della piattaforma software, New Cluster Calculator, sviluppata all’interno dell’ambiente di sviluppo integrato (IDE) di Microsoft Visual Studio, il cui scopo è proprio quello di proporre soluzioni, in tempi ragionevoli, al problema della formazione cellulare.
L’approccio adottato dal programma consiste nell’impiego di alcuni coefficienti di similarità, utili a valutare la somiglianza delle macchine da raggruppare, in combinazione con i principali algoritmi di clustering. Per l’assegnamento delle famiglie di prodotti alle celle, invece, si è utilizzata una procedura euristica.
Infine, si sono realizzate varie simulazioni al fine di poter effettuare valutazioni inerenti alla qualità delle soluzioni ottenute e dimostrare la scalabilità del software, in quanto, anche per istanze che considerano un numero importante di input, New Cluster Calculator risulta uno strumento molto efficiente.
Inoltre, si è giunti alla conclusione che, poiché le fasi analizzate durante l’elaborato appartengono ad un processo gerarchico, i risultati, in termini di prestazione, dipendono dall’efficacia dei passaggi a monte e dalla loro corretta integrazione. In altre parole, il frutto di ogni step decisionale dipende dalla qualità dei suoi dati di input.
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Guardiola, Mathilde. « Convergence en conversation : La similarité linguistique comme indice d'alignement et d'affiliation ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3067.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse questionne les manifestations de la convergence (i.e. le rapprochement entre les productions des participants) au niveau interactionnel. Pour cela, les termes d'alignement (défini en rapport avec l'activité en cours) et d'affiliation (l'expression d'un même stance par les participants) sont empruntés à l'Analyse Conversationnelle. Le corpus utilisé est le CID-Corpus of Interational Data, corpus de conversation (interaction non-contrainte, hautement coopérative et globalement symétrique).Nous interrogeons le lien entre la convergence et la similarité lexicale, grâce à l'analyse d'une collection de 300 hétéro-répétitions (recueillie grâce à un outil d'aide au repérage des répétitions). Nous proposons ensuite une analyse quantitative de l'évolution des réponses des auditeurs, puis une analyse qualitative de discours rapportés directs, phénomènes susceptibles de faire émerger de l'affiliation. Nous montrons que les hétéro-répétitions lexicales et les discours rapportés « en écho » (discours rapportés produits par l'auditeur de la narration) peuvent être utilisés (entre autres) pour exprimer l'alignement et l'affiliation, ce qui, en cas de ratification, crée les conditions propices à l'émergence d'un moment de convergence interactionnelle. Nous montrons également que ces mêmes phénomènes peuvent servir à créer le désalignement temporaire nécessaire à l'engagement dans une séquence oblique convergente. Ainsi, ce travail décrit l'établissement et le fonctionnement de séquences convergentes, à travers l'étude de phénomènes interactionnels méconnusThis thesis investigates the manifestations of convergence (i.e. the rapprochement between the participants' productions) at the level of interaction. With this aim, the terms of alignment (defined in relation to the current activity) and affiliation (display of the same stance by both participants) are borrowed from Conversation Analysis. The conversational corpus (non-constrained, highly cooperative and globally symmetrical interaction) used is the CID-Corpus of Interactional Data. Firstly, the link between convergence and lexical similarity is investigated thanks to the analysis of a collection of 300 other-repetitions (collected using a tool to assist in the detection of OR). Secondly, storytelling is studied and a quantitative analysis of the evolution of listeners' responses is proposed together with a qualitative analysis of direct reported speech phenomena, which are likely to make affiliation emerge. These analyses show that lexical other-repetitions and "echo" reported speech (reported speech which is produced by the listener of the narrative) can be used by participants to, inter alia, express alignment and affiliation, which, in case of ratification, creates the adequate conditions for the emergence of interactional convergence. The same phenomena can be used to create the temporary disalignment necessary to engage in an oblique (and potentially convergent) sequence. This work then describes the establishment and the conduct of convergent sequences through the analysis of interactional phenomena
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Banks, Kenneth E. (Kenneth Edward). « The Use of Similarity Indicies to Assess the Spatial Differences of the Phytoplankton Communities in Lake Ray Roberts, Texas ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278420/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A study of the phytoplankton communities of Lake Ray Roberts was conducted at three sampling sites on two sampling dates during the summer of 1995, assessing both community structure and chlorophyll a concentrations. Eight similarity indices were then used to characterize and compare the communities of these sites. Both community similarity and chlorophyll a concentrations were evaluated using a minimum detectable difference equation to determine the amount of change that must occur in these parameters in order to be deemed statistically significant. The Bray-Curtis Index was shown to be the most adequate index evaluated, and was subsequently used in conjunction with bootstrap analysis to determine the similarity between the three sampling sites.
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Erbeja, Thierry. « Structuration des connaissances et des savoir-faire pour l'amélioration du système de production ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726055.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Malgré de nombreux travaux, il apparaît que les outils d'Analyse Typologiques ne permettent pas de réduire les délais d'implantation de la Technologie de Groupe. Cette démarche de rationalisation du système de production pose un problème général de classification que nous baptiserons ACCI. Il s'agit de construire sur un domaine de connaissance peu formalisé, une classification jugée pertinente par les experts du domaine. En terme d'Acquisition de Connaissances, l'ACCI a pour objectif de représenter l'activité d'un groupe d'expert à l'aide d'un modèle dit de classification simple. Les outils susceptibles de contribuer à résoudre ce problème proviennent de domaines variés : l'Analyse Typologique, la Classification Conceptuelle, les réseaux de Neurones et les Algorithmes Génétiques mais reposent sur un principe commun qui défini le concept d'Outils de Classification Automatique (OCA). Dans le cadre de l'ACCI, ces outils présentent des limites intrinsèques. La plupart des travaux menés pour y remédier, proposent des approchent interactives qui aident les experts à reformuler leurs connaissances en fonction de l'OCA utilisé. C'est à dire, sous la forme d'attributs descriptifs des objets tels qu'il devient possible d'en déduire des classes par des opérations de comparaison simples. Nous proposons une approche interactive qui a pour vocation de s'adapter aux experts en intégrant directement dans le processus de classification, les connaissances qu'ils sont à même de formuler naturellement lorsqu'ils valident une partition des objets du domaine. Cette approche a été testé sur un cas réel à l'aide d'un prototype informatique. Elle contribue à résoudre le problème de l'utilisation des outils d'Analyse Typologique pour réduire les délais d'implantation de la TG, et s'applique potentiellement à d'autre domaine, car les connaissances manipulées par le système ne sont pas liées au domaine d'application, mais à la structure recherchée (une partition).
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Guillon, Pierre. « Individualisation des indices spectraux pour la synthèse binaurale : recherche et exploitation des similarités inter-individuelles pour l’adaptation ou la reconstruction de HRTF ». Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1027.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le travail de thèse qui est rapporté dans le présent document a porté sur le problème de l'individualisation des HRTF pour la synthèse binaurale. Les HRTF sont les filtres linéaires, chacun associé à une direction de l'espace, qui portent en eux l'expression de tous les indices physiques de localisation nécessaires pour une perception de l'espace par le système auditif. La synthèse binaurale utilise avantageusement ces filtres pour sculpter les signaux à présenter aux tympans de l'auditeur, afin de lui procurer l'illusion d'une scène sonore réaliste. Les HRTF étant très liées à la morphologie de la tête et des pavillons, la spatialisation n'est correctement assurée que si ces filtres sont bien adaptés à l'auditeur. Cependant, la mesure exhaustive des HRTF est coûteuse et inconfortable, et il s'agit donc de développer des moyens alternatifs pour les obtenir : c'est le problème de l'individualisation. On se focalise sur les indices spectraux de la localisation auditive, c'est-à-dire les colorations du spectre à dépendance directionnelle, qui constituent la part des HRTF la plus complexe et la plus variable d'un individu à l'autre. Le constat fondateur de nos investigations est le suivant: bien que les HRTF présentent des caractéristiques intrinsèquement individuelles, on peut dégager des évolutions spatiofréquentielles de leur spectre d'amplitude, communes d'un individu à l'autre, mais susceptibles d'être masquées par deux sources importantes de variabilité, que sont la taille et l'orientation des pavillons. Nous proposons des outils permettant de dépasser ces différences apparentes, afin de se focaliser sur ce qui est vraiment spécifique à chaque individu. Deux solutions techniques d'individualisation des HRTF sont développées en utilisant avantageusement la diversité des comportements offerte par les HRTF d'une base de données. La première solution proposée permet d'adapter, pour un nouvel auditeur, les HRTF d'un autre individu issues d'une base de données, en leur appliquant des transformations guidées par une comparaison morphologique entre les pavillons des deux sujets. Les hypothèses de travail et les outils proposés pour mettre en oeuvre la technique sont validés objectivement grâce aux données recueillies sur 6 sujets, et on montre que la méthode d'adaptation proposée dépasse les performances de l'état de l'art. La seconde solution permet de reconstruire les HRTF d'un nouvel auditeur pour une direction quelconque de l'espace à partir d'un nombre réduit de HRTF individuelles mesurées. La technique proposée est basée sur une base de données constituée des HRTF mesurées finement sur une centaine de sujets, à partir desquelles on génère des prototypes. La reconstruction des HRTF repose sur un processus de reconnaissance de formes entre les HRTF individuelles mesurées et ces prototypes. Une validation objective montre que, selon différents critères, les performances de reconstruction de la technique proposée dépassent celles de l'état de l'art. Ces résultats sont confirmés par une évaluation subjective, menée selon un protocole novateur en synthèse binaurale dynamiqueThis Ph. D. Thesis deals with the problem of Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) individualization, in the context of binaural synthesis. HRTFs embed ail the acoustical phenomena occurring on the path between a source at a given position in space and the listener's eardrums. As these linear filters convey all free field localization cues needed by the auditory system to perceive a 3D sound scene, HRTF can be used to sculpt the signals to be reproduced over headphones in order to create convincing spatialized auditory displays : this is the aim of binaural synthesis. HRTFs strongly depend on idiosyncratic morphological features (overall shape of the head, fine structure of the pinnae), and as a result, the use of non-individual HRTFs often leads to perceptual artifacts. Unfortunately, exhaustive acoustic measurements of individual HRTFs are long and uncomfortable for subjects, and it is therefore expected to develop alternative techniques to obtain customized HRTFs : this is the problem of individualization. As they represent the most complex and the most individual part of HRTFs, our study focusses on the colorations induced by pinna filtering, known as spectral cues. The founding assumption of our work is the following : although HRTFs contain intrinsically individual features, common spatio-frequential behaviours can be found from subject to subject. Such similarities may be hidden by the existence of two morphological sources of variability, being the size and orientation of ear pinnae. We develop tools whose aim is to go beyond apparent differences, and to focus on what is really specific of each individual. We propose two technical solutions for HRTF individualization, based on the use of a HRTF database. The first solution uses a 3D model-based morphological matching of pinnae shapes, to properly adapt existing non-individual HRTFs from a database, so that they fit to a new listener. To transform HRTF data, we propose a combination of frequency scaling and rotation shift, whose parameters are predicted by the result of the morphological comparison. The method is designed on the basis of data acquired from six subjects, and it is shown objectively that a better customization is achieved compared to the state-of-the-art technique. The second solut ion aims at reconstructing HRTF for any direction, from only sparse individual HRTF measurements. In order t o overcome the performance of classical blind interpolation techniques, additional knowledge is injected in the reconstruction process :HRTF prototypes are first extracted from the analysis of a large HRTF database, and serve as a well-informed background in a pattern recognition process. An objective assessment shows that , compared to previously developped techniques, HRTF reconstruction achieves a better spatial fidelity with the proposed method. FinaIly, this result is confirmed by a subjective evaluation based on a new protocol
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Dang, Thi To Nhu. « Estimation des indices de stabilité et d'autosimilarité par variations de puissances négatives ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM033/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce travail porte sur l'estimation des indices d'autosimilarité et de stabilité d'un processus ou champ stable fractionnaire et autosimilaire ou d'un processus stable multifractionnaire.Plus précisément, soit X un processus ou un champ stable H-autosimilaire à accroissements stationnaires (H-sssi) ou un processus stable multifractionnaire. Nous observons X aux points k/n, k=0,..., n.Nos estimations sont basées sur des variations de puissances négatives beta avec -1/2This work is concerned with the estimation of the self-similarity and the stability indices of a H-self-similarity stable process (field) or a multifractional stable process.More precisely, let X be a H-sssi (self-similar stationary increments) symmetric alpha-stable process (field) or a multifractional stable process. We observe X at points k/n, k=0,...,n.Our estimates are based on beta-negative power variations with -1/2
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Lê, Thu Trang. « Extraction d'informations de changement à partir des séries temporelles d'images radar à synthèse d'ouverture ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA020/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La réussite du lancement d'un grand nombre des satellites Radar à Synthèse d'Ouverture (RSO - SAR) de nouvelle génération a fourni régulièrement des images SAR et SAR polarimétrique (PolSAR) multitemporelles à haute et très haute résolution spatiale sur de larges régions de la surface de la Terre. Le système SAR est approprié pour des tâches de surveillance continue ou il offre l'avantage d'être indépendant de l'éclairement solaire et de la couverture nuageuse. Avec des données multitemporelles, l'information spatiale et temporelle peut être exploitée simultanément pour rendre plus concise, l'extraction d'information à partir des données. La détection de changement de structures spécifiques dans un certain intervalle de temps nécessite un traitement complexe des données SAR et la présence du chatoiement (speckle) qui affecte la rétrodiffusion comme un bruit multiplicatif. Le but de cette thèse est de fournir une méthodologie pour simplifier l'analyse des données multitemporelles SAR. Cette méthodologie doit bénéficier des avantages d'acquisitions SAR répétitives et être capable de traiter différents types de données SAR (images SAR mono-, multi- composantes, etc.) pour diverses applications. Au cours de cette thèse, nous proposons tout d'abord une méthode générale basée sur une matrice d'information spatio-temporelle appelée Matrice de détection de changement (CDM). Cette matrice contient des informations de changements obtenus à partir de tests croisés de similarité sur des voisinages adaptatifs. La méthode proposée est ensuite exploitée pour réaliser trois tâches différentes: 1) la détection de changement multitemporel avec différents types de changements, ce qui permet la combinaison des cartes de changement entre des paires d'images pour améliorer la performance de résultat de détection de changement; 2) l'analyse de la dynamicité de changement de la zone observée, ce qui permet l'étude de l'évolution temporelle des objets d'intérêt; 3) le filtrage nonlocal temporel des séries temporelles d'images SAR/PolSAR, ce qui permet d'éviter le lissage des informations de changement dans des séries pendant le processus de filtrage.Afin d'illustrer la pertinence de la méthode proposée, la partie expérimentale de la thèse est effectuée sur deux sites d'étude: Chamonix Mont-Blanc, France et le volcan Merapi, Indonésie, avec différents types de changements (i.e. évolution saisonnière, glaciers, éruption volcanique, etc.). Les observations de ces sites d'étude sont acquises sur quatre séries temporelles d'images SAR monocomposantes et multicomposantes de moyenne à haute et très haute résolution: des séries temporelles d'images Sentinel-1, ALOS-PALSAR, RADARSAT-2 et TerraSAR-XA large number of successfully launched and operated Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites has regularly provided multitemporal SAR and polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images with high and very high spatial resolution over immense areas of the Earth surface. SAR system is appropriate for monitoring tasks thanks to the advantage of operating in all-time and all-weather conditions. With multitemporal data, both spatial and temporal information can simultaneously be exploited to improve the results of researche works. Change detection of specific features within a certain time interval has to deal with a complex processing of SAR data and the so-called speckle which affects the backscattered signal as multiplicative noise.The aim of this thesis is to provide a methodology for simplifying the analysis of multitemporal SAR data. Such methodology can benefit from the advantages of repetitive SAR acquisitions and be able to process different kinds of SAR data (i.e. single, multipolarization SAR, etc.) for various applications. In this thesis, we first propose a general framework based on a spatio-temporal information matrix called emph{Change Detection Matrix} (CDM). This matrix contains temporal neighborhoods which are adaptive to changed and unchanged areas thanks to similarity cross tests. Then, the proposed method is used to perform three different tasks:1) multitemporal change detection with different kinds of changes, which allows the combination of multitemporal pair-wise change maps to improve the performance of change detection result;2) analysis of change dynamics in the observed area, which allows the investigation of temporal evolution of objects of interest;3) nonlocal temporal mean filtering of SAR/PolSAR image time series, which allows us to avoid smoothing change information in the time series during the filtering process.In order to illustrate the relevancy of the proposed method, the experimental works of the thesis is performed on four datasets over two test-sites: Chamonix Mont-Blanc, France and Merapi volcano, Indonesia, with different types of changes (i.e., seasonal evolution, glaciers, volcanic eruption, etc.). Observations of these test-sites are performed on four SAR images time series from single polarization to full polarization, from medium to high, very high spatial resolution: Sentinel-1, ALOS-PALSAR, RADARSAT-2 and TerraSAR-X time series
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Ah-Pine, Julien. « Sur des aspects algébriques et combinatoires de l'analyse relationnelle : applications en classification automatique, en théorie du choix social et en théorie des tresses ». Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066552.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nous avons cherché à enrichir l'Analyse Relationnelle (développée par Marcotorchino et Michaud) de différents outils (algèbre relationnelle, logique multivalente, analyse et optimisation combinatoire). Cette approche nous a permis d'étendre l'AR et ses champs d'application. Outre les applications classiques (classification automatique et agrégation multicritère), nous nous sommes intéressés à la théorie du choix social et à la théorie des tresses. Les contributions que nous présentons sont : Définition d'un nouvel algorithme de classification automatique; Unification de certains indices de similarité, et critères d'association entre variables qualitatives et ordonnées; Définition d'une nouvelle méthode d'agrégation, fondée sur une règle majoritaire et des approches combinatoires (Poincaré et Jordan); Généralisation des résultats de Black, d'Inada et de Sen en théorie du choix social; Modélisation originale des mouvements des brins d'une tresse et applications.
Livres sur le sujet "Indici similarità"
1
Kämpchen, Martin. Indo-German Exchanges in Education. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190126278.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rabindranath Tagore visited Germany three times and professed a special affinity to the German people and their culture. In 1930, his final visit, the Indian poet met the German couple Paul and Edith Geheeb, who had started the Odenwaldschule in 1910. They fled from Germany (from the Hitler regime) in 1934 to Switzerland and led their new school, the Ecole D’Humanité, until their death. They followed the innovative education of the Reformpädagogik (New Education Movement) which gave maximum freedom to children to choose their education. Tagore recognized a striking similarity to his school in Santiniketan. Both educators, working in two different cultures and historical situations, came to the same basic conclusions about how education of children should be like in this modern age. The book first discusses the personalities of Paul and Edith Geheeb and offers a brief delineation of their school’s genesis. The meeting with Rabindranath Tagore and its aftermath is given special attention as it still occupies an important place in the collective memory of the Ecole d’Humanité. After a study of the pedagogical principles which guided Tagore and Geheeb, a comparative study of its similarities and dissimilarities follows. Geheeb’s two schools generated Indo-German cultural activities, especially in the field of Sanskrit studies. The schools had numerous Indian guests and Paul and Edith corresponded with several Indian personalities. Edith developed an interest in the activities of the Ramakrishna Mission. In 1953, Indira Gandhi and her sons stayed in the Ecole. In 1965–6, when Edith was 80, she visited India, especially Tagore’s Santiniketan and Belur Math, the headquarters of the Ramakrishna Mission.
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Balganesh, Shyamkrishna, et David Nimmer. Fair Use and Fair Dealing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Premised on realizing a balance between protection and access, ‘limitations and exceptions’ play an important role in the any copyright system. Jurisdictions around the world are generally thought to adopt one of two possible approaches to structuring limitations and exceptions: (a) the fair dealing approach, which delineates highly specific and carefully-worded exceptions with little room for judicial discretion, and (b) the fair use approach, which relies on more open-ended language and its contextual tailoring by courts. This chapter undertakes a comparative analysis of these two approaches using the Indian and US copyright systems as its focus. It shows that, although the two countries adopt different approaches as formal matter, in practice, they show far more convergence and similarity than might be predicted from the pure black letter of the law. In the process, the chapter casts doubt on the ubiquity and utility of the distinction in comparative copyright thinking.
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Gurung, Shobha Hamal, et Bandana Purkayastha. Gendered Labor. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter examines how contemporary globalization has created gendered labor by drawing on the experiences of Nepali immigrant women within pan-ethnic informal labor markets in Boston and New York City. After a brief overview of the existing theoretical framework, the chapter presents data on Nepali women's experiences in the informal economy. It shows how the economic opportunities available to these women are shaped by within-ethnic-group social location—Nepali Americans' social location in relation to wealthier Indian Americans (and their religious and linguistic similarity to this group). It also considers how some Nepali women, especially those who worked in the formal sector in Nepal, have begun to “bank” their social capital in their home countries. The Nepali women's experiences highlight the segmentation of the informal labor market for care work and suggest that, while they send remittances back to their home countries, some of this money is sent to nonfamily members.
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McLaren, Margaret A. Women's Activism, Feminism, and Social Justice. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947705.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Informed by practices of women’s activism in India, this book proposes a feminist social justice framework to address the wide range of issues women face globally, including economic exploitation; sexist oppression; racial, ethnic, and caste oppression; and cultural imperialism. The feminist social justice framework provides an alternative to mainstream philosophical frameworks that analyze and promote gender justice globally: universal human rights, economic projects such as microfinance, and cosmopolitanism. These frameworks share a commitment to individualism and abstract universalism that underlie certain liberal and neoliberal approaches to justice. Arguing that these frameworks emphasize individualism over interdependence, similarity over diversity, and individual success over collective capacity, McLaren draws on the work of Rabindranath Tagore to develop the concept of relational cosmopolitanism. Relational cosmopolitanism prioritizes our connections, while acknowledging power differences. Extending Iris Young’s theory of political responsibility, McLaren shows how Fair Trade connects to the economic solidarity movement. The Self-Employed Women’s Association and MarketPlace India empower women through access to livelihoods as well as fostering leadership capabilities that allow them to challenge structural injustice through political and social activism. Their struggles to resist economic exploitation and gender oppression through collective action show the importance of challenging individualist approaches to achieving gender justice. The book concludes with a call for a shift in our thinking and practice toward reimagining the possibilities for justice from a relational framework, from independence to interdependence, from identity to intersectionality, and from interest to sociopolitical imagination.
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Reid, Hugh W., et Mark P. Dagleish. Poxviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0040.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The poxviruses are a large family of complex viruses infecting many species of vertebrates as well as arthropods, and members of the three genera Orthopoxvirus, Yatapoxvirus and Parapoxvirus are the cause of sporadic zoonotic infections originating from both wildlife and domestic livestock. Infections of humans are generally associated with localized lesions, regarded as inconvenient rather than life-threatening, although severe illnesses have occurred, particularly in immunologically compromised individuals.The most celebrated of the orthopoxvirus infections is cowpox — a zoonotic infection which has been exploited to the enormous benefit of mankind as it had a pivotal role in the initiation of vaccination strategies that eventually led to the eradication of smallpox. Cowpox occurs only in Eurasia and in recent years it has become evident that infection of cattle is fortuitous and the reservoir of infection is in wild rodents. Monkeypox is another orthopoxvirus causing zoonotic infections in central and west Africa resembling smallpox and is the most serious disease in this category. While monkeypox does not readily spread between people, the potential of the virus to adapt to man is of concern and necessitates sustained surveillance in enzootic areas.The third orthopoxvirus zoonoses of importance is buffalopox in the Indian subcontinent, which is probably a strain of vaccinia that has been maintained in buffalo for at least 30 years following the cessation of vaccination of the human population. Likewise in Brazil, in recent years widespread outbreaks of vaccinia have occurred in milkers and their cattle.Orf virus, the most common of the parapoxviruses to cause zoonotic infection, is largely restricted to those in direct contact with domestic sheep and goats. Generally, infection is associated with a single localized macule affecting the hand which resolves without complications. Infection would appear to be prevalent in all sheep and goat populations and human orf is a relatively common occupational hazard. Sporadic parapoxvirus infections of man also occur following contact with cattle infected with pseudocowpoxvirus, and wildlife, in particular seals.A final serious consideration with the poxvirus zoonoses is the clinical similarity of such infections with smallpox. In view of the potential for smallpox virus to be employed by bio-terrorists there can be an urgency for laboratory confirmation of unexplained zoonotic poxvirus infections. Thus there is a requirement to maintain the capacity for rapid confirmation of poxvirus infections by molecular technique. As representatives of the known poxviruses have all been sequenced, generic and virus specific Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) can readily be performed to ensure rapid confirmation of any suspect infection.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Indici similarità"
1
Boytsov, Leonid. « Super-Linear Indices for Approximate Dictionary Searching ». Dans Similarity Search and Applications, 162–76. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32153-5_12.
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Imamura, Yasunobu, Takeshi Shinohara, Kouichi Hirata et Tetsuji Kuboyama. « Fast Hilbert Sort Algorithm Without Using Hilbert Indices ». Dans Similarity Search and Applications, 259–67. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46759-7_20.
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Ah-Pine, Julien. « Normalized Kernels as Similarity Indices ». Dans Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 362–73. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13672-6_36.
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Aci, Samia. « Molecular Descriptors and Similarity Indices ». Dans Chemogenomics and Chemical Genetics, 135–51. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19615-7_11.
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Good, A. C. « 3D molecular similarity indices and their application in QSAR studies ». Dans Molecular Similarity in Drug Design, 24–56. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1350-2_2.
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Kier, Lemond B., et Llowell H. Hall. « Database Organization and Similarity Searching with E-State Indices ». Dans Mathematical and Computational Chemistry, 33–49. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3273-3_3.
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Yang, Yan, Qing-you Liu et Ying He. « Similarity Analysis of Oilfield Development Indices by Fuzzy C-Means Clustering ». Dans Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 399–407. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28592-9_41.
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Narayana, Ch S., P. Ramesh Babu, M. Nagabushana Rao et Ch Pramod Chaithanya. « Text Clustering Using Reference Centered Similarity Measure ». Dans ICT and Critical Infrastructure : Proceedings of the 48th Annual Convention of Computer Society of India- Vol II, 27–35. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03095-1_4.
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Belmaker, M. « The Use of Similarity Indices in the Analysis of Temporal Distribution of Mammals ». Dans Integral Methods in Science and Engineering, Volume 2, 11–19. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59387-6_2.
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Arora, Pallvi, et Neelu Rohmetra. « RETRACTED CHAPTER : The Cultural Similarity Paradox : Understanding the Psychology and Challenges of Indian Expatriates Across International Boundaries ». Dans India Studies in Business and Economics, 57–68. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16098-6_4.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Indici similarità"
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Manikanta, V. S., et Kannan Karthik. « Image similarity based on eigen-correspondences ». Dans 2013 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2013.6726067.
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Redžepović, Izudin, et Boris Furtula. « ASSESSING STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY OF COMPOUNDS WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE : COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SIMILARITY METRICS ». Dans 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac,, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.446r.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The idea of quantifying similarity between compounds may be traced back to the roots of contemporary chemoinformatics. At present, there is a number of coefficients that are used as similarity metrics. Many of them are defined as to measure coherence among two structural fingerprints, and usually yield similarity results between 0 and 1. However, there are indices that capture dissimilarity between molecular structures. This paper reports results on a comparative investigation of the several similarity coefficients on a set of compounds with the physiological responses. These molecules induce diverse body sensations that range from pleasant feelings up to euphoria and analgesia. Some of them are well-known drugs. In order to quantify molecular structure, Morgan circular fingerprints have been applied, which are frequently used in similarity calculations. This statistical analysis reveals which indices tend to produce higher structural similarity results and opposite.
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Wajeed, Mohammed Abdul, et T. Adilakshmi. « Different similarity measures in semi-supervised text classification ». Dans 2011 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2011.6139401.
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Susan, Seba, et Gitin Kakkar. « Decoding facial expressions using a new normalized similarity index ». Dans 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2015.7443608.
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Singh, Shivam, Sujoy Bag et Mamata Jenamani. « Relative similarity based approach for improving aggregate recommendation diversity ». Dans 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2015.7443856.
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Verma, Om Prakash. « Fuzzy edge detection based on similarity measure in colour image ». Dans 2010 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2010.5712692.
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Sowmya Kamath S. et Ananthanarayana V.S. « A service crawler framework for similarity based web service discovery ». Dans 2014 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2014.7030399.
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Pushparaj, Vijayakumari, Ulaganathan Gurunathan et Banumathi Arumugam. « Human forensic identification with dental radiographs using similarity and distance metrics ». Dans 2012 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2012.6420638.
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Suneja, Kriti, et Malti Bansal. « Comparison of time series similarity measures for plagiarism detection in music ». Dans 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2015.7443304.
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Kaur, Swarnjeet, Harpreet Kour et Debashis Sen. « Image quality measurement through structural similarity based on higher order moments ». Dans 2016 IEEE Annual India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2016.7839044.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Indici similarità"
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McElwain, Terry, Eugene Pipano, Guy Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephen Hines et Douglas Jasmer. Protection of Cattle Against Babesiosis : Immunization with Recombinant DNA Derived Apical Complex Antigens of Babesia bovis. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612835.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis continues to be a significant deterrent to global livestock production. Current control methods have both biological and technical drawbacks that have stimulated research on improved methods of vaccination. This BARD project has focused on characterization of candidate Babesia bovis vaccine antigens located in the apical complex, a unique group of subcellular organelles - including rhoptries, micronemes, and spherical bodies - involved in the invation of erythrocytes. Spherical bodies and rhoptries were partially purified and their contents characterized using monoclonal antibodies. Existing and newly developed monoclonal antibodies bound to antigens in the spherical body, rhoptry, merozoite membrane, and infected erythrocyte membrane. In an initial immunization study using biologically cloned strains, it was demonstrated that strain-common epitopes are important for inducing immune protection against heterologous challenge. Rhoptry-associated antigen 1 (RAP-1) had been demonstrated previously to induce partial immune protection, fulfilled criteria of broad interstrain B and T cell epitope conservation, and thus was further characterized. The RAP-1 gene family consists of at least two gene copies, is homologous to the RAP-1 gene family in B. bigemina, and contains significant sequence similarity to other erythroparasitic protozoan candidate vaccine antigens, including the apical membrane antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. A new RAP-1 monoclonal antibody was developed that inhibits merozoite growth in vitro, demonstrating the presence of a RAP-1 neutralization sensitive domain. Based on these observations, cattle were immunized with Mo7 (Mexico) strain recombinant RAP-1 representing one of the two gene copies. All cattle responded with variable levels of serum antibodies inhibitory to heterologous Israel strain merozoite growth in vitro, and RAP-1 specific T lymphocytes that proliferated when stimulated with either homologous or heterologous native parasite antigen. Minimal protection from clinical disease was present after virulent Israel (heterologous) strain B. bovis challenge. In total, the results support the continued development of RAP-1 as a vaccine antigen, but indicate that additional information about the native structure and function of both RAP-1 gene copies, including the relationship of conserved and polymorphic sequences to B and T cell lepitopes relevant for protection, is necessary for optimization of RAP-1 as a vaccine component.
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Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman et Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.
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Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically important disease of the chicken. IB occurs as a respiratory form, associated with airsacculitis, condemnation, and mortality of meat-type broilers, a reproductive form responsible for egg production losses in layers and breeders, and a renal form causing high mortality in broilers and pullets. The causative agent is avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Replication of the virus' RNA genome is error-prone and mutations commonly result. A major target for mutation is the gene encoding the spike (S) envelope protein used by the virus to attach and infect the host cell. Mutations in the S gene result in antigenic changes that can lead to the emergence of variant serotypes. The S gene is able to tolerate numerous mutations without compromising the virus' ability to replicate and cause disease. An end result of the virus' "flexibility" is that many strains of IBV are capable of existing in nature. Once formed, new mutant strains, often referred to as variants, are soon subjected to immunological selection so that only the most antigenically novel variants survive in poultry populations. Many novel antigenic variant serotypes and genotypes have been isolated from commercial poultry flocks. Identification of the field isolates of IBV responsible for outbreaks is critical for selecting the appropriate strain(s) for vaccination. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the Sl subunit of the envelope spike glycoprotein gene has been a common method used to identify field strains, replacing other time-consuming or less precise tests. Two PCR approaches have been used for identification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct automated cycle sequence analysis of a diagnostically relevant hypervariab1e region were compared in our BARD research. Vaccination for IB, although practiced routinely in commercial flocks, is often not protective. Field isolates responsible for outbreaks may be unrelated to the strain(s) used in the vaccination program. However, vaccines may provide varying degrees of cross- protection vs. unrelated field strains so vaccination studies should be performed. Conclusions RFLP and S1 sequence analysis methods were successfully performed using the field isolates from the USA and Israel. Importantly, the S1 sequence analysis method enabled a direct comparison of the genotypes of the field strains by aligning them to sequences in public databases e.g. GenBank. Novel S1 gene sequences were identified in both USA and Israel IBVs but greater diversity was observed in the field isolates from the USA. One novel genotype, characterized in this project, Israel/720/99, is currently being considered for development as an inactivated vaccine. Vaccination with IBV strains in the US (Massachusetts, Arkansas, Delaware 072) or in Israel (Massachusetts, Holland strain) provided higher degrees of cross-protection vs. homologous than heterologous strain challenge. In many cases however, vaccination with two strains (only studies with US strains) produced reasonable cross-protection against heterologous field isolate challenge. Implications S1 sequence analysis provides numerical similarity values and phylogenetic information that can be useful, although by no means conclusive, in developing vaccine control strategies. Identification of many novel S1 genotypes of IBV in the USA is evidence that commercial flocks will be challenged today and in the future with strains unrelated to vaccines. In Israel, monitoring flocks for novel IBV field isolates should continue given the identification of Israel/720/99, and perhaps others in the future. Strains selected for vaccination of commercial flocks should induce cross- protection against unrelated genotypes. Using diverse genotypes for vaccination may result in immunity against unrelated field strains.