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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Indicators of accessibility »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 1 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Indicators of accessibility"

Ratkaj, Ivan, Marija Martinovic et Misko Milanovic. « Modern indicators of transport accessibility ». Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 85, n^o 1 (2005) : 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0501199r.

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Adequate uses of indicators of transport accessibility, as quantitative measures, allow us to move spatial interactions analysis from theoretical to practical level. Aggregate indicators of transport accessibility of places dominate in the research studies, although the indicators of individual accessibility are taking considerable place in the last few decades. The most types of indicators of transport accessibility of places are presented in this article, as well as their characteristics, possibilities for application, advantages and weaknesses.

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Páez, Antonio, Darren M. Scott et Catherine Morency. « Measuring accessibility : positive and normative implementations of various accessibility indicators ». Journal of Transport Geography 25 (novembre 2012) : 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.03.016.

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AL-hussaini, Zahraa Imad Hussain, et Shaimaa Hussain Hameed Al-ahbabi. « Accessibility indicators from a gender perspective ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 737 (6 mars 2020) : 012213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/737/1/012213.

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Cartenì, Armando. « Accessibility Indicators for Freight Transport Terminals ». Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 39, n^o 11 (31 août 2014) : 7647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1333-y.

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Brussel, Mark, Mark Zuidgeest, Karin Pfeffer et Martin van Maarseveen. « Access or Accessibility ? A Critique of the Urban Transport SDG Indicator ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, n^o 2 (30 janvier 2019) : 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8020067.

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Progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is being evaluated through the use of indicators. Despite the importance of these indicators, the academic community has done little in terms of a critical reflection on their choice, relevance, framing and operationalization. This holds for many SDG domains, also for the urban sector domain of target 11. To partially address this void, we aim to critically review the UN methodology for the urban access indicator, SDG indicator 11.2. In discussing its conceptual framing against the background of paradigm shifts in transportation planning, we argue that this indicator has a number of shortcomings. The most important one is that it is supply oriented and measures access to transportation infrastructure, rather than accessibility to activity locations. As an alternative, we develop two accessibility indicators that show substantial variation in accessibility across geographical areas. We implement all indicators for the city of Bogotá in Colombia, using a geo-information based approach. Our results show that SDG indicator 11.2 fails to represent the transport reality well. Its supply oriented focus neglects transport demand, oversimplifies the transport system and hides existing inequalities. Moreover, it does not provide useful evidence for targeting new interventions. The proposed accessibility indicators provide a more diverse, complete and realistic picture of the performance of the transport system. These indicators also capture the large spatial and socio-economic inequalities and can help to target improvements in urban transportation.

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Ringenson, Tina, Peter Arnfalk, Anna Kramers et Liridona Sopjani. « Indicators for Promising Accessibility and Mobility Services ». Sustainability 10, n^o 8 (9 août 2018) : 2836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082836.

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Cities are increasingly facing major transportation challenges, and new sustainable solutions are needed. New ICT-enabled services can be part of solving the problems, including both improving and finding new transportation services and providing digital access to different services. It is important to identify which services have the best potential for environmental benefits (e.g., travel reduction leading to lesser emissions), economic viability and spread. Such identification can be carried out with the help of indicators. This article uses four types of new accessibility services to test out a previously formulated set of indicators and suggest changes to make them more useful. Using common indicators for transportation and digital accessibility services seem to support collecting and condensing information about the services and simplifies understanding their benefits and challenges. However, a challenge for this approach is finding indicators that are both specific and broad enough to be useful.

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Chen, Yali, Srinath Ravulaparthy, Kathleen Deutsch, Pamela Dalal, Seo Youn Yoon, Ting Lei, Konstadinos G. Goulias, Ram M. Pendyala, Chandra R. Bhat et Hsi-Hwa Hu. « Development of Indicators of Opportunity-Based Accessibility ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2255, n^o 1 (janvier 2011) : 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2255-07.

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Caschili, Simone, Andrea De Montis et Daniele Trogu. « Accessibility and rurality indicators for regional development ». Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 49 (janvier 2015) : 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.05.005.

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Ibarra-Rojas, O. J., L. Ozuna et D. López-Piñón. « The maximal covering location problem with accessibility indicators ». Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 71 (septembre 2020) : 100758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2019.100758.

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Willigers, Jasper, Han Floor et Bert van Wee. « Accessibility Indicators for Location Choices of Offices : An Application to the Intraregional Distributive Effects of High-Speed Rail in the Netherlands ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 39, n^o 9 (septembre 2007) : 2086–898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3913.

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Accessibility is often seen to be an important determinant of the location of economic activities. This paper focuses on the specification of accessibility indicators for modelling the location choices of offices, with particular application to the upcoming implementation of a high-speed railway line in the Netherlands. Potential accessibility indicators are formulated, whereby attention is given to the shape of the impedance function and to the role of competitive transport modes in a transport mode's accessibility effect. These indicators are then tested in a discrete choice model on the location of office employment. Finally the accessibility indicators are used to explore the effects of the upcoming domestic high-speed train services in the Netherlands. The analyses show that a Box–Cox impedance function performs best for this application and significantly better than the exponential and power functions. The derived potential accessibility indicators have much explanatory capability for location attractiveness at a regional level, but at an intraregional level connectivity measures become more influential. Finally, it has been found that the accessibility effect of the future high-speed train connection is larger for business travel than for commuting, the value of time of travellers being a dominant factor.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Indicators of accessibility"

Aivinhenyo, Imuentinyan. « Development of context-sensitive accessibility indicators : a GIS-based modelling approach for Cape Town ». Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31452.

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Adequate public transport infrastructure and services are essential to facilitate access to basic opportunities, such as jobs, healthcare, education, recreation or shopping, especially in low-income cities where the majority of the low-income population have no access to the car. In the context of transport exclusion and urban poverty, access and accessibility metrics can serve as good indicators for the identification of transport-disadvantaged zones or population groups in a city. In Cape Town, accessibility-based planning is being embraced by the authority as a means of addressing the planning defects of the past apartheid regime, which created a city that is spatially fragmented by race and income levels. Among the agenda outlined in its 5-year Integrated Transport Plan of 2013-2018, is the need to develop a highly integrated public transport network in which all households would have equitable access to the public transport system, especially for the majority of the urban poor who reside in the city outskirts far from major economic centres. Although planning efforts are being made to redeem the defects of the past, there is still the need for tools and indicators to understand the current situation, as well as to further aid planning and decision making about land-use and transport. The objective of this research, therefore, is to develop suitable indicators of accessibility, identify possible spatial and socioeconomic drivers of accessibility and evaluate equity in the distribution of accessibility benefits for various population groups in Cape Town. In the study, transport network data of Cape Town are utilised to develop GIS-based indicators of network access and origin accessibility to various opportunities like jobs, healthcare and education, across various modes of travel. An Access Index measures public transport service presence within a zone, based on route and stops availability. The index is used to compare the coverage levels provided by each mode of public transport in the city. Also, an Accessibility Index is proposed, that measures the number of opportunities 'potentially reachable' within a specified 'reasonable’ travel time. A key consideration in measuring accessibility by public transport is the monetary cost of overcoming distance, based on the pricing structure that exists in Cape Town. Equity in accessibility is further evaluated both vertically and horizontally. Vertical equity is evaluated using a proposed Accessibility Loss Index, which analyses the potential implication of affordability and budget restrictions on accessibility, based on the income level of the poor households. GINI type of measures is also proposed to evaluate horizontal equity across the various population groups for various travel modes. To further understand the likely drivers of accessibility, an exploratory OLS regression technique is employed to investigate the relationship between accessibility and a combination of socioeconomic and built environment features of the study area. The study reveals among other things that potential accessibility achievable by car is far higher than that achievable by public transport. The paratransit mode provides the most extensive access coverage, and the highest level of accessibility among all the public transport modes investigated. However, this mode shows to be one of the most expensive options of travel, especially for low-income households who are likely to be restricted by travel monetary budgets. The train turns out to be the most affordable travel option, although the level of accessibility achievable with the train is much lower compared to the paratransit or regular bus. From a vertical equity perspective, the consideration of transport affordability drastically reduces the opportunity space and potential accessibility for the poorest population group compared to the higher income groups. The study further interrogates the distance-based tariff model of public transport services in Cape Town, which it considered to be detrimental to the welfare of poor households, regarding the potential to access essential opportunities. The contribution of this study to the body of research on accessibility is twofold: methodological and contextual. On the methodological dimension, it presents a GIS based approach of modelling accessibility both for the car and for a multimodal public transport system that combines four modes; bus, train, BRT and a minibus taxi (paratransit). It also builds on existing gravity-based potential accessibility measure by incorporating an affordability dimension. The consideration of affordability adds a further layer that enables vertical equity evaluation by judging the potential for destination reachability by the monetary out-of-pocket cost of travel. This approach is considered to be more sensitive to the context of low-income cities like Cape Town, where low-income household’s daily travel decisions are likely to be more guided by monetary cost.

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Mariger, Heather Ann. « The Social Validation of Institutional Indicators to Promote System-Wide Web Accessibility in Postsecondary Institutions ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/903.

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The Internet is an integral part of higher education today. Students, faculty, and staff must have access to the institutional web for essential activities. For persons with disabilities, the web is a double-edged sword. While an accessibly designed website can mitigate or remove barriers, an inaccessible one can make access impossible. If websites that provide necessary information are not accessible, those with disabilities will be unable to independently complete their daily tasks or compete in the modern world. Project GOALS (Gaining Online Accessible Learning through Self-Study) has developed a document outlining a set of four institutional indicators of Web accessibility. Postsecondary institutions can use this document in their efforts to ensure that online content is accessible to all users. This dissertation evaluated the social validity of the document to determine if it was appropriate, understandable, usable, and satisfactory to provide a framework for implementing and promoting institution-wide web accessibility across a variety of demographic markers including job type (administrator, faculty, and technology specialist) and institution type (2- and 4-year). Ninety-seven participants reviewed the document and completed an online survey. All four indicators with their subsequent benchmarks were found to be "good" or "very good" based on the evaluation criteria. Administrators rated the document somewhat lower than faculty or technology specialists. Participants from 2-year schools consistently rated the document higher than their 4-year counterparts. In general, the longer participants had been in their positions, the less favorably they rated the document. The median ratings for all questions of appropriateness, understandability, usefulness, and satisfaction were a 6 or 7 on a 7-point scale across the board. This result would indicate that while different aspects of the indicator document may appeal to different groups, participant ratings across job and institution type show that these criteria achieve acceptable levels that validate the use of the indicators as a tool to assist institutions in their web accessibility efforts. This dissertation utilized the multiple-paper format recommended by the committee.

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Coelho, Lígia Gesteira. « Um índice de acessibilidade de aeroportos que incorpora usuários com diferentes restrições de mobilidade ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-20022013-064324/.

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Este estudo visa à criação e aplicação de um índice de acessibilidade de aeroportos que considera vários perfis de usuários (passageiro com e sem bagagem, estrangeiro, idoso e gestante, cadeirante e deficiente visual) que possuem diferentes restrições de mobilidade. O método tem início com uma seleção de indicadores que surgiram da identificação de potenciais problemas que os passageiros podem enfrentar ao acessar o aeroporto. Os indicadores são agrupados de acordo com o modo de transporte disponível para acesso ao aeroporto: táxi, carona, automóvel próprio, automóvel de aluguel, ônibus regional e ônibus especial. Em seguida os indicadores são avaliados através de pesquisas e levantamentos de campo e recebem pontuações de acordo com o seu desempenho. Por fim, os escores dos indicadores são ponderados e um valor final é calculado para cada aeroporto. Para aplicação e avaliação do índice foram selecionados, em São Paulo, os aeroportos Congonhas, Guarulhos e Viracopos; no Rio de Janeiro, Galeão e Santos Dumont, e em Brasília, o aeroporto Juscelino Kubitschek. Em uma escala que vai de zero a um, os aeroportos estudados apresentaram resultados com uma amplitude de 0,16. O maior valor encontrado foi 0,629 para o aeroporto Santos Dumont e o menor valor foi 0,469 para o aeroporto de Guarulhos. Isto evidencia que há muitos aspectos a serem melhorados no que diz respeito à acessibilidade dos aeroportos no Brasil.
This study aims to create an index of accessibility to airports that takes into account several profiles of users (passengers with and without luggage, foreigners, elderly and pregnant women, wheelchair users and visually impaired users) that have different mobility constraints. The method starts with a selection of indicators that emerged from the identification of potential problems that passengers may have when accessing the airport. The indicators are grouped according to the transportations modes available for access the airport: taxi, ride with a third party, own car, rental car, regional bus and shuttle bus. The indicators are then evaluated through surveys and field observations and scored according to their performances. Finally, the scores of the indicators are weighted and an overall score is calculated for each airport. For implementation and evaluation of the index, six important Brazilian airports were selected. In São Paulo, the airports of Congonhas, Guarulhos and Viracopos; in Rio de Janeiro, Galeão and Santos Dumont; and, in Brasília, the airport Juscelino Kubitschek. In a scale that goes from zero to one, the studied airports showed results with an amplitude of 0.16. The highest value was 0.629 for Santos Dumont airport and the lowest value was 0.469, for Guarulhos airport. The results highlight the fact that many aspects must still be improved regarding accessibility to Brazilian airports.

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Poole, Amy M. « AAAneurysm Outreach Screening Data and Emergency Healthcare Accessibility in Louisiana : Identifying High-Risk Populations for Targeted Interventions ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3115.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysms are the third leading cause of sudden death in men 60 years and over. AAAneurysm Outreach provides free screenings to residents of Louisiana and beyond. Service areas were calculated for each AAAneurysm Outreach screening event location and stroke center. Data provided by the 2010 U.S. Census, the American Community Survey, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to describe demographics of the underserved populations and to identify high-risk areas for targeted interventions. Twenty-five percent of age-eligible Louisianans reside outside optimal drive-time-to-screening-event zones but within spatially clustered areas of increased prevalence rates. The maximum drive-time-to-treatment zones excluded 1,395 residents 65 years and over from timely access to emergency medical care. Results revealed limitations in the geographic breadth of the screening program and small disparities in accessibility to emergency healthcare.

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Davies, Michael. « The role of commonsense understandings in social inequalities in health : an investigation in the context of dental health / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd2565.pdf.

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Sangare, Abou Dramane. « Comportements en santé orale et déterminants du recours aux soins dans le département de Dabou - Côte d'Ivoire ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845002.

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En Côte d'Ivoire, la problématique de l'accessibilité aux soins reste entière en raison de l'insuffisance des infrastructures sanitaires et du manque de ressources financières. Aussi, la population a t-elle souvent recours à l'odontologie traditionnelle pour répondre à ses besoins prioritaires de santé. Cependant, l'absence de données factuelles dans un contexte de pluralité de soins constitue un handicap pour la définition d'une politique de santé bucco-dentaire efficiente. L'objectif de la présente étude a été de décrire l'activité des tradipraticiens, puis de déterminer les facteurs influençant le recours et le renoncement aux soins bucco-dentaires des populations. L'étude de type transversale pilote a portée sur un échantillon de 28 tradipraticiens et 927 adultes. Les résultats ont montré que les consultations bucco-dentaires répresentaient le 1/5 de l'ensemble des activités des tradipraticiens. La majorité des tradipraticiens a déclaré prendre en charge les douleurs bucco-dentaires et était disposé à collaborer avec la médecine conventionnelle. Les tradipraticiens ont déclaré être satisfaits des honoraires perçus. Les ressources végétales et minérales étaient principalement utilisées pour la confection des remèdes. S'agissant de l'étude menée auprès des usagers, alors que les adultes non scolarisés avaient recours en majorité aux tradipraticiens, ceux qui disposaient d'une assurance de santé ou qui avaient le niveau d'étude du secondaire ou plus ont consulté préférentiellement le chirurgien-dentiste. Les adultes ayant un niveau d'étude secondaire ou plus ont eu recours à un tradipraticien en raison de sa proximité. Le recours au tradipraticien en raison de l'efficacité des soins a été plus évoqué par les adultes ayant un âge compris entre 30 et 44 ans, par ceux résidant en milieu urbain et par ceux situés à plus de 15 km du cabinet dentaire. Quant au recours au chirurgien-dentiste en raison de la confiance faite aux soins modernes et la propreté des cabinets dentaires, il a été majoritairement le fait d'adultes vivant dans des habitats modernes. Le renoncement aux soins traditionnels en raison de l'automédication a été le plus évoqué par les femmes. Les adultes situés entre 5 et 15 km du cabinet dentaire ont majoritairement renoncé aux soins traditionnels en raison de la non perception de leur nécessité. Le manque de ressources financières a été le plus évoqué par les adultes vivant en milieu urbain pour justifier leur renoncement aux soins modernes. La non perception de la nécessité des soins a été plus évoquée par les adultes situés entre 5 et 15 km du cabinet dentaire pour justifier le renoncement aux soins modernes. Cette étude a mis en évidence la relation entre l'accessibilité aux soins bucco-dentaires et la pauvreté. Ainsi l'amélioration de l'accès aux soins bucco-dentaires doit s'inscrire dans le cadre global de la lutte contre les inégalités sociales, de l'alphabétisation et de l'aménagement du territoire. En outre, l'odontologie traditionnelle doit être valorisée pour venir en aide au système de santé dans un contexte marqué par l'insuffisance des ressources financières

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Youssoufi, Samy. « Satisfaction résidentielle et configurations spatiales en milieu périurbain ». Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903526.

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Depuis les années 1960, les villes françaises sont soumises à un processus d'étalement urbain. Cet étalement se traduit par l'émergence d'une catégorie d'espace située à l'interface entre la ville et la campagne : le périurbain. Les caractéristiques sociales, urbanistiques, ou liées aux pratiques spatiales de ses habitants confèrent au périurbain une singularité et une spécificité propres. Il s'agit d'un espace de contradiction qui attire à la fois en raison du cadre de vie plutôt " naturel " qu'il offre aux ménages, mais également en raison de sa proximité avec la ville et des potentialités liées à l'accessibilité à diverses aménités urbaines.Pour comprendre plus finement cet engouement pour le périurbain, cette thèse propose d'explorer la relation individu-environnement résidentiel sous l'angle de la satisfaction que retirent les individus de leur cadre de vie. Il s'agit de mettre en relation une information de nature cognitive avec une information de nature spatiale. En modélisant chacune de ces composantes par l'utilisation d'indicateurs spécifiques, divers modèles statistiques sont mobilisés pour mettre en lumière les attributs spatiaux du cadre de vie susceptibles d'avoir une influence sur la satisfaction des individus.L'approche modélisatrice est centrale dans la démarche suivie. Après voir mené une enquête de satisfaction sur plus d'un millier de ménages vivant dans un secteur périurbain de Besançon, la démarche s'est attelée à construire des indicateurs en vue de caractériser deux types d'aménités de leur environnement résidentiel : le paysage et l'accessibilité aux commerces et services. Chacune de ces aménités est ensuite intégrée dans des modèles statistiques permettant d'évaluer leur contribution dans le degré de satisfaction du ménage.La démarche, essentiellement modélisatrice et exploratoire, offre toutefois des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine de l'aménagement du territoire et de la planification urbaine. En ayant recours à des modèles simples et reproductibles, il s'agit de d'établir des documents cartographiques décrivant le potentiel de satisfaction à grande échelle.

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Gonzaga, Ana Stéfany da Silva. « Transporte público coletivo e acessibilidade na região metropolitana de Goiânia : um panorama da dinâmica metropolitana a partir de indicadores ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7350.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This research is inserted in the context of the importance of the accessibility for the development of metropolitan regions. In this context, is considered that challenges faced by municipalities reach even more complexity when they are inserted in metropolitan regions. This problematic grow worse through factors such as the excessive use of automobiles, as well as the lack of integrated planning and management that prioritize displacements by public transport and that establish balanced guidelines of land use and occupation. Therefore, is research uses indicator to analyze the dynamics of accessibility between municipalities of metropolitan regions. Based on the conceptual and theoretical deepening about the metropolitan context, accessibility and its principles, this work focused on the public transport systems.
Esta pesquisa se insere no contexto da importância da acessibilidade para o desenvolvimento das regiões metropolitanas. Considera-se que os desafios enfrentados pelos municípios atingem ainda maior complexidade quando estes estão inseridos em regiões metropolitanas. Contribuem para o agravamento desta problemática fatores como o uso excessivo de automóveis, bem como a falta de planejamentos e gestões integradas que priorizem deslocamentos por transporte público e que estabeleçam diretrizes equilibradas de uso e ocupação do solo. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa se utiliza de indicadores para analisar a dinâmica da acessibilidade entre municípios de RMs. Baseado no aprofundamento teórico conceitual sobre o contexto metropolitano, a acessibilidade e seus princípios, este trabalho teve como foco os sistemas de transporte público coletivo.

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Keppe, Junior Celso Luiz Guimarães. « Formulação de um indicador de acessibilidade das calçadas e travessias ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4227.

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The present dissertation work in Urban Engineering of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) aims to define an easy and practical form of evaluating the level of service in public spaces destined to the carriers of physical deficiency (sidewalks and streets passages) through the determination of an index that considers the parameters of higher importance by the point of view of wheelchair users. The index is defined through the identification and the ordinance of variables based on physical and environment characterization of sidewalks related to aspects of quality such as comfort, security and conditions of the environment. The weighing scale of the variables of physical and environment characterization of sidewalks (importance degree) is carried through analysis based on wheelchair users perception, therefore defining the ISPA - Index of Sidewalks and Passages Accessibility, and verifying its functionality through auditor work also performed with wheelchairs users advice in two places of São Carlos city. Through this tool of evaluation, the agencies of road management can evaluate the quality of the public spaces in a total route or specific stretches of the essential displacements for the real participation of the person with locomotion difficulties in society.
O presente trabalho de dissertação do mestrado em Engenharia Urbana da UFSCar - Universidade Federal de São Carlos visa definir uma forma fácil e prática de se avaliar o nível de serviço dos espaços públicos destinados aos portadores de deficiência física (calçadas e travessias de ruas) através da determinação de um índice que considere os parâmetros de maior importância sob o ponto de vista dos usuários de cadeira de rodas (cadeirantes). O índice é definido através da identificação e a ordenação de variáveis de caracterização física e ambiental das calçadas relacionadas aos aspectos de qualidade de conforto, segurança e condições do ambiente. A ponderação das variáveis de caracterização física e ambiental das calçadas (grau de importância) é realizada através de análise da percepção dos cadeirantes, definindo-se, desta forma o IACT Índice de Acessibilidade das Calçadas e Travessias, e verificando sua funcionalidade através de auditoria realizada com auxílio também de cadeirantes selecionados para realizar testes em dois locais da cidade de São Carlos. Através desta ferramenta de avaliação, os órgãos de gestão viária podem avaliar a qualidade dos espaços públicos em uma rota total ou em trechos específicos dos deslocamentos imprescindíveis para a real participação da pessoa com dificuldade de locomoção na sociedade.

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Zoccano, Michele. « Indicatori di accessibilità e reti di trasporto pubblico locale : applicazione alla città metropolitana di Bologna ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16698/.

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L’esclusione sociale può essere descritta come un processo che tende ad emarginare progressivamente degli individui, o gruppi di individui, dal mercato del lavoro o dall’accesso a servizi di diverso genere, ad esempio educativi, sanitari, ecc. I fenomeni che favoriscono ed accrescono l’esclusione sociale possono essere di natura diversa. Sicuramente il reddito gioca un ruolo rilevante, seguito dalla disoccupazione, dequalificazione di aree, condizioni abitative talvolta inadeguate, malasanità o criminalità locale. Già da tempo molte città europee hanno iniziato a sostenere delle politiche volte a promuovere studi qualitativi e quantitativi, che permettano di determinare i meccanismi che generano questi fenomeni di esclusione. Tra questi gioca un ruolo fondamentale la modalità di trasferimento tra le diverse aree urbane. Se un quartiere, una circoscrizione o un Comune, presentano degli evidenti problemi di garanzia del servizio di trasporto pubblico si genereranno degli scompensi che porteranno nel tempo ad un aumento dell’esclusione sociale. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è stato quello di individuare, attraverso l’analisi della rete del servizio di trasporto pubblico locale, le zone territoriali all’interno dell’area della città metropolitana di Bologna con un basso livello di accessibilità, che potrebbe portare allo sviluppo di fenomeni di esclusione sociale. Si è partiti da una attenta analisi dei dati, inquadrando il territorio per la sua morfologia, conformazione e distribuzione della popolazione, in modo da individuare le aree più densamente popolate dove il problema poteva presentarsi. Sono stati utilizzati dati sulla popolazione provenienti da fonti ISTAT e dati GTFS (database contenente linee, percorsi, fermate e tabelle orari) forniti dal gestore del servizio di trasporto pubblico locale TPER.

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Livres sur le sujet "Indicators of accessibility"

Baraik, Vijay Kumar. Health status and access to health care services : Disparities among social groups in India. New Delhi : Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, 2006.

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Surles, Kathryn. Access to health care in North Carolina : Indicators and baseline data, 1996. Raleigh, N.C : N.C. Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, State Center for Health Statistics, 1996.

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L, Millman Michael, dir. Access to health care in America. Washington, D.C : National Academy Press, 1993.

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World Health Organization (WHO). Monitoring equity in access to AIDS treatment programmes : A review of concepts, models, methods and indicators. Geneva : World Health Organization, 2010.

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APA Task Force on Quality Indicators for Children and Adolescents, dir. Quality indicators : Defining and measuring quality in psychiatric care for adults and children : report of the APA Task Force on Quality Indicators and report of the APA Task Force on Quality Indicators for Children and Adolescents. Washington, D.C : American Psychiatric Association, 2002.

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Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health et Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Board on Health Sciences Policy, dir. Innovations in service delivery in the age of genomics : Workshop summary. Washington, D.C : National Academies Press, 2009.

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Mwikisa, Chris Ngenda. Socioeconomic status, health status and health equity : A case study of Zambian households in selected areas. [Lusaka : s.n, 2003.

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Appalachian health and well-being. Lexington : University Press of Kentucky, 2012.

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Buzeti, Tatjana. Neenakosti v zdravju v Sloveniji. Ljubljana : Inštitut za varovanje zdravja, 2011.

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Michael, Gates, dir. State-level data book on health care access and financing. Washington, D.C : Urban Institute, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Indicators of accessibility"

de Lima, Sinésio Teles, Fernanda Lima et Káthia Marçal de Oliveira. « Evaluating the Accessibility of Websites to Define Indicators in Service Level Agreements ». Dans Enterprise Information Systems, 858–69. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01347-8_71.

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Prasertsubpakij, Duangporn, et Vilas Nitivattananon. « Assessment of Bangkok Metro Accessibility for Developing Integrated Strategies Using Sustainable Indicators ». Dans Sustainability Appraisal : Quantitative Methods and Mathematical Techniques for Environmental Performance Evaluation, 169–93. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32081-1_8.

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L’Hostis, Alain, Philippe Menerault et Christophe Decoupigny. « Assessing Spatial Planning Policy with Accessibility Indicators : The Case of Lille’s Metropolis Scenario ». Dans Advances in Spatial Science, 293–312. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24827-9_15.

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Shishkina, Elena A., Nadezhda M. Surnina et Anton G. Dyachkov. « The Study of Accessibility Indicators of Electricity Infrastructure of the Region in the Aspect of Sustainable Development Theory ». Dans Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 716–25. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80485-5_82.

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Bellini, Gloria, Marco Cipriano, Nicola De Angeli, Jacopo Pio Gargano, Matteo Gianella, Gianluca Goi, Gabriele Rossi, Andrea Masciadri et Sara Comai. « Alzheimer’s Garden : Understanding Social Behaviors of Patients with Dementia to Improve Their Quality of Life ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 384–93. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_46.

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AbstractThis paper aims at understanding the social behavior of people with dementia through the use of technology, specifically by analyzing localization data of patients of an Alzheimer’s assisted care home in Italy. The analysis will allow to promote social relations by enhancing the facility’s spaces and activities, with the ultimate objective of improving residents’ quality of life. To assess social wellness and evaluate the effectiveness of the village areas and activities, this work introduces measures of sociability for both residents and places. Our data analysis is based on classical statistical methods and innovative machine learning techniques. First, we analyze the correlation between relational indicators and factors such as the outdoor temperature and the patients’ movements inside the facility. Then, we use statistical and accessibility analyses to determine the spaces residents appreciate the most and those in need of enhancements. We observe that patients’ sociability is strongly related to the considered factors. From our analysis, outdoor areas result less frequented and need spatial redesign to promote accessibility and attendance among patients. The data awareness obtained from our analysis will also be of great help to caregivers, doctors, and psychologists to enhance assisted care home social activities, adjust patient-specific treatments, and deepen the comprehension of the disease.

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Ariya, George. « Towards a symbiotic wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework for national parks in Kenya. » Dans Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 164–78. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0164.

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Abstract This chapter presents a wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework based on relevant destination attractiveness attributes and sustainability indicators. The framework was tested at Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP) in Kenya. Attractiveness was categorized into four dimensions that included wildlife resources, park accessibility, cost of attractions and park image. As the findings indicated, there was direct positive effect of all four dimensions. A relatively low effect was recorded with regard to park image, which is likely to have contributed to low satisfaction experience, future behavioural intentions and park ecological value. In addition, among the repeat visitors' responses, the majority agreed there was increased wildlife disappearance, increased difficulty in sightseeing key wildlife attractions at LNNP, invasive new species within the park, changes in wildlife grazing grounds, infrastructure damage and increased visibility of litter inside the park.

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Paternò, Fabio, Francesca Pulina, Carmen Santoro, Henrike Gappa et Yehya Mohamad. « Requirements for Large Scale Web Accessibility Evaluation ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 275–83. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58796-3_33.

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Abstract The recent European legislation emphasizes the importance of enabling people with disabilities to have access to online information and services of public sector bodies. To this regard, automatic evaluation and monitoring of Web accessibility can play a key role for various stakeholders involved in creating and maintaining over time accessible products. In this paper we present the results of elicitation activities that we carried out in a European project to collect experience and feedback from Web commissioners, developers and content authors of websites and web applications. The purpose was to understand their current practices in addressing accessibility issues, identify the barriers they encounter when exploiting automatic support in ensuring the accessibility of Web resources, and receive indications about what functionalities they would like to exploit in order to better manage accessibility evaluation and monitoring.

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Dubois, Jean-Christophe, Yolande Le Gall et Arnaud Martin. « Designing a Belief Function-Based Accessibility Indicator to Improve Web Browsing for Disabled People ». Dans Belief Functions : Theory and Applications, 134–42. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11191-9_15.

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« Geospatial Indicators ». Dans Utilizing Decision Support Systems for Strategic Public Policy Planning, 89–108. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1916-5.ch006.

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The chapter presents the geospatial indicators. Over the last 10 years, development of spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) has become an important subject being a driving force for the national geospatial strategies and plans, increasing the availability and accessibility of geographic information and the exchange and sharing of spatial data. It has become a necessity to have reliable methods and instruments to assess these SDI initiatives. SDI monitoring and evaluation can provide justification for providing public sources to SDI and a measure of success of SDI strategy. The chapter presents the newly developed Country Geospatial Readiness Index.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Indicators of accessibility"

Muszyński, Robert, et Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. « Climate Change – Analysis of Indicators ». Dans 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.605.

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Progressing climate change poses a major threat to the Earth. According to a UN report, reducing global warming to below 1.5 °C offers hope for maintaining the current quality of human lives and for protecting the environment. The report also points out that there is a prescription for curbing the catastrophic effects of climate change. In order to achieve the aim of stopping the increase in temperature, both adequate knowledge of the hazard and measures based on proven technologies are required. The first step that will enable the commencement of activities is to identify the hazard characteristics and their effect on the environment. In this regard, various types of indicators that cover the local, regional and global scale in various aspects, both environmental and anthropogenic, are very helpful. The main purpose of the analysis is to examine indicators/indices that synthetically express/define various aspects which reflect climate change. The study applied the method of research of the available literature. The analysis showed that the economies of countries use indicators that describe the different scale of impact and a different objective and subjective range. This is mainly determined by the needs and accessibility of data.

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Xiang, Zhibo, Jin Zhang, Dong Wei et Donghai Yan. « Combining Global and Local Indicators Accessibility Calculation Methods and Evaluation of Scenic Spots ». Dans 2018 26th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2018.8557111.

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Bakanach, Olga Vyacheslavovna. « STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION SERVICES ». Dans Russian science : actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-664/668.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of accessibility of public services in the field of employment promotion, assessment of the achievement of normative indicators. The author highlighted the types of regions by the integral availability index

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Zuquete-Guarato, Alexandre, Charyar Mehdi-Souzani, Yann Quinsat, Claire Lartigue et Leila Sabri. « Towards a New Concept of In-Line Crankshaft Balancing by Contact Less Measurement : Process for Selecting the Best Digitizing System ». Dans ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82166.

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Controlling the part’s balance of crankshafts are important issues for automotive manufacturers. Unbalance measurement is usually carried out using high-precision mechanical machines. The main objective of the present work is to replace mechanical measuring systems by a non-contact digitizing system, which permits the acquisition of the crankshaft surface. As the geometry to be measured presents a large variety of shapes and textures with accessibility issues, the definition of the best-suited scanning system related to geometrical and industrial constraints is a major issue. In this direction, the paper deals with the definition of a protocol based on quality indicators associated to the collected data to compare various digitizing systems. Those quality indicators are assessed thanks to simple artifacts measurement according to a specific procedure. The comparison protocol is applied to evaluate three triangulation based digitizing systems: Results allow us to identify well-adapted digitizing systems in relation to crankshaft balancing requirements.

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Benito, Arturo, et Gustavo Alonso. « Recent trends in air transport sustainibility ». Dans CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.2150.

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The target of this paper is to analyse the main elements of Air Transport sustainability, studying their evolution during the last years and establishing the future prevalent trends, which might be modified by the application of the adequate policies. Air Transport sustainability is considered as integrated by five basic characteristics: physical accessibility, economic affordability, safety, security and environmental impact. Each one of them has its own influence on the development of this transportation mode and all of them are required in order to achieve a sustainable development. After defining the structural elements of the five characteristics and the corresponding quantitative indicators, the paper studies the recent evolution of such indicators and extrapolates the most likely future trends, having taken into account the most relevant limitations presently existent or potentially appearing in the near future. The most important policies being presently studied (future aircraft designs, infrastructure developments, potential safety and security new rules and tentative environmental action programs) are evaluated, considering the potential repercussions on sustainability progress. Some combinations of them are suggested as the most efficient alternatives for preserving the sustainable development of XXI century air transport.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2150

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Kuşcu, Sinan. « European Union, Eurasian Transportation Policies and Prospective Effects on Region Economies ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00504.

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Accessibility is assumed as one of the most important indicators of a modern and advanced society. EU has structuring and development models in issues like transportation, informatics, politics, education, justice etc. The EU member states conduct intensive studies in fields of importance in line with a state’s individual priorities. The fundamental purpose of these studies is to bolster social welfare of member states, to improve trade and to attain commercial advantages over the competitors like Pacific Nations and North America. EU’s Transportation Policies reflect the EU transportation sector’s standards in general. In this study, we will discuss EU’s transportation policies, as a significant actor in the global economy, intended to attain some advantages in the international competition and particularly against Pacific nations as well as the effects of these policies on regional economies.

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Gorbachev, Ivan, Valery Agapov et Natalia Krasnoshtanova. « Programme for the Empirical Verification of the Structural-Functional Model of the Psychological Well-Being of Cadets ». Dans The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-30.

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The diversity of approaches and explanatory concepts of psychological well-being contributes to the problem of clearly defining its essence and structure in cadets at the stage of their training in a military university, which determines the specificity of their relationship system, and satisfaction with life, which generates specific features of the experience of psychological well-being. This study was aimed at the theoretical arrangement of a structural-functional model of psychological well-being in cadets, and a programme of its empirical verification. The arranged structural-functional model of psychological well-being of cadets is represented at the component level by the following key categories: ‘satisfaction’ and ‘attitude’, whereas at the functional level it is represented as a result of the positive functioning of personality. The model is comprised of four main components and their main indicators. The empirical verification of this model involves the use of research tools to identify patterns of psychological well-being in cadets and its specific indicators. This tool comprises: the questionnaire on self-attitude (V.V. Stolin, S.R. Pantileev), diagnostics of personality orientation according to B. Bass (Smekal-Kucher’s questionnaire), amiability (in Campbell’s scale), manipulative attitude (in Bant’s scale), level of multi-communicative empathy (I.M. Yusupov), analysis of professional identity statuses according to A.A. Azbel, A.G. Gretsova, level of correlation between ‘value’ and ‘accessibility’ in different areas of life (E.B. Fantalova), scales of subjective well-being and professional stresses, recognition of psychological burnout (A.A. Rukavishnokov). ‘Adaptiveness’ is evaluated via a multi-layer personality questionnaire (MLO-AM) suggested by A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermyakin. The findings provide a research framework for identifying the general and specific aspects in the psychological well-being structure manifestation in cadets.

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Raval, Jay K., David A. Stephenson et Bruce L. Tai. « Effect of Oil Flow Rate on Production Through-Tool Dual Channel MQL Drilling ». Dans ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8375.

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Abstract Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) drilling has been known for decades, but limited knowledge is available on two-channel through-tool MQL drilling due to the lack of accessibility to production systems. A common problem in MQL drilling is the absence of a rational approach to select the oil flow rate. The limited entry and exit area, and fixed energy available to the flow make the behavior complicated. This study leverages the capabilities in Ford’s manufacturing lab to abridge the research gap. Four different oil flow rates (0 ml/h, 15 ml/h, 30 ml/h and 60 ml/h) and two different drills (twist drill and straight drill) were used to find out the influence of oil flow rate on the cutting performance. Tool life, tool wear, cutting force and torque were monitored as the cutting performance indicators. It was concluded that, the common belief of higher oil flow rate providing better tool life, does not hold true for through-tool MQL drilling. The tool life for 30 ml/hr. oil flow rate appeared to be the highest compared to all the other cases for both the drills. Increasing the oil flow rate above 30 ml/hr. decreased the tool life. However, it is to be noted that the optimal oil flow rate values may be specific to the case.

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Dahs, Aleksandrs, Atis Berzins et Juris Krumins. « Challenges of Depopulation in Latvia’s Rural Areas ». Dans 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.055.

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The administrative territorial reform of 2021 in Latvia has changed the shape and structure of local municipalities. Previous studies have shown that disparities and challenges in terms of demographic development will be even more evident between the newly formed municipalities than they were prior to the reform, creating greater demographic risks for the rural areas. By using the available statistical information and geographically weighted regression models, this study aims to evaluate the demographic challenges in Latvia’s rural areas and to determine main socio economic factors linked to the rural depopulation processes. Key indicators linked to the depopulation process are evaluated and discussed by the authors in the context of gender balance, development centre accessibility and other socio economic factors. Authors conclude that supporting and developing local industries, public services and infrastructure facilitating diverse employment options and equal opportunities for working age females is a paramount condition for slowing or reversing rural depopulation in in the long term. Regional development centres in general and particularly those located in remote areas show little or no immediate effect on the population dynamics. However, these centres offer more diverse employment opportunities and essential social services, making them more attractive to working age females and households with children. Digitalization and focus on location-independent employment and services is another important route to explore in the new rural development setting.

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Singh, Binder, Paul Jukes, Bob Wittkower et Ben Poblete. « Piper Alpha and the Evolution of Inherently Safe Design and Integrity Management : An Overview of Interpretations and Lessons Learned ». Dans ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20907.

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The development of Inherently Safe Design, Corrosion and Integrity Management as a genuine combined engineering discipline has evolved largely over the past 30 years or so, with significant acceleration and urgency after the Piper Alpha offshore disaster in the North Sea in 1988. The concepts and practices have matured with many significant changes implemented across the world offshore regions. Even after more than 20 years, the emanating point for sweeping changes has been the Cullen Report and the UK North Sea industry. This paper offers an interpretation of the early and later lessons learned, as applicable and relevant to deepwater and by analogy arctic offshore assets and pipelines, whereupon conditions are harsh and accessibility very limited. The particular focus is on the so called ‘secondary tier’ points related to materials performance, corrosion, and integrity; the understanding monitoring and control of such matters and failures can be critical in reconstituting integrity, if pragmatic life cycle safety and performance are to be recognized. It is argued that modes of failure such as those related to loss of material properties, corrosion, erosion, environmental cracking, and other degradation phenomena, have become far more critical in deepwater and arctic projects. This is mainly due to repair, retrofit, or re-habilitation being invariably far too costly if not virtually impossible in practice. The authors’ use career wide experiences post Piper Alpha to highlight the worries and concerns offering rational pragmatic solutions, illustrated through related case histories. Conclusions and recommendations are based on predictions, interpretations, and viable solutions. Additionally, industry disconnects between technology transfer under this tutelage are identified. The new methods of ‘concurrent design’ and inherently safe design are discussed, and in the context of mechanical, materials, and corrosion engineering advances are related to the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Key Failure Indicators (KFIs), for best life cycle integrity and knowledge management. This approach is considered very important for deepwater and arctic assets where ‘surprise’ failures, environmental and political ‘snafus’ are not really an option, and thus more purposeful design investment at CAPEX is vital rather than at OPEX, and the ‘gray’ zone between the two cost centers must be therefore be better reconciled, perhaps it is argued through the concept of an extended CAPEX.

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