Articles de revues : « Indeterminato »

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Corsi, Cecilia. « Prestazioni assistenziali e cittadinanza ». DIRITTO, IMMIGRAZIONE E CITTADINANZA, n^o 2 (juin 2009) : 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/diri2009-002003.

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1. Il comune di Brescia si "scotta" con il bonus bebč2. Il quadro costituzionale, comunitario ed internazionale3. Profili problematici nella legislazione in vigore: l'esclusione degli stranieri dal godimento di prestazioni assistenziali3.1. Segue: l'inclusione del solo titolare di permesso a tempo indeterminato

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Andersen, Niels Akerstrom. « Promettere una promessa. Quando si desidera una partnership a tempo indeterminato ». SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, n^o 1 (avril 2015) : 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2015-001002.

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Tereza Carinci, Maria. « IN THE SPIRIT OF FLEXIBILITY" : an overview of Renzi’s reforms (the so-called jobs act) to ‘improve’ the italian labour market ». Revista Direito das Relações Sociais e Trabalhistas 4, n^o 3 (11 octobre 2019) : 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/mestradodireito.v4i3.166.

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1. The new "indefinite contract with increasing protection" (contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato a tutele crescenti): a captivating formula conceals pejorative rules on dismissal in indefinite contracts. – 2. Reduced protection for dismissal and effects on the employment contract structure: the employer's strengthened power (of withdrawal and disciplinary) and the resulting employee interest squeeze. 3. Indefinite contracts and the employer's strengthened powers in performing the employment: ius variandi and control power. 4. A new central position for indefinite contracts within the 'flexible' contract framework? 5. "In the spirit of flexibility": a solution for which problems?

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Kulpatcharapong, Santi, et Rungsun Rerknimitr. « Indetermination of indeterminate biliary strictures ». Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 91, n^o 5 (mai 2020) : 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2019.12.029.

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Fanelli, Luca, et Marco M. Sorge. « Indeterminate forecast accuracy under indeterminacy ». Journal of Macroeconomics 53 (septembre 2017) : 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2017.05.007.

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Albi, Pasqualino. « Il rapporto fra contratto a tempo determinato e contratto a tempo indeterminato nella legislazione più recente ». GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, n^o 148 (janvier 2016) : 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2015-148006.

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Du, Shigui, Jun Ye, Rui Yong et Fangwei Zhang. « SIMPLIFIED NEUTROSOPHIC INDETERMINATE DECISION MAKING METHOD WITH DECISION MAKERS’ INDETERMINATE RANGES ». JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 26, n^o 6 (23 juin 2020) : 590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.12919.

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There exists the indeterminate situations of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees due to the uncertainty and inconsistency of decision makers’ arguments in a complicated decision making (DM) problem. Then, existing neutrosophic set cannot describe the indeterminate information of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees. It is noted that the simplified neutrosophic set (SNS) is depicted by truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees, while a neutrosophic number (NN) can be flexibly depicted by its determinate part and its indeterminate part. Regarding the indeterminate situations of truth, falsity, indeterminacy degrees in indeterminate DM problems, this study first presents a simplified neutrosophic indeterminate set (SNIS) to express the hybrid information of SNS and NN and defines the score, accuracy, and certainty functions of simplified neutrosophic indeterminate elements (SNIEs) with indeterminate ranges to compare SNIEs. Then, we introduce a SNIE weighted arithmetic averaging (SNIEWAA) operator and a SNIE weighted geometric averaging (SNIEWGA) operator to aggregate simplified neutrosophic indeterminate information. Next, a multi-attribute DM approach with decision makers’ indeterminate ranges is established regarding the SNIEWAA and SNIEWGA operators in SNIS setting. Finally, the proposed DM approach is applied in a DM example on choosing a suitable slope design scheme to indicate the applicability and suitability of the proposed approach.

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Bernardi, Eviliane, et Aparecida Feola Sella. « Sujeitos pronominais genéricos e pronomes indefinidos em interações orais : casos de referência genérica ou indeterminada ». Fórum Linguístico 19, n^o 3 (23 novembre 2022) : 8144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2022.e80594.

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O objetivo deste artigo é investigar como os pronomes indefinidos e as formas pronominais nós, você e a gente, quando utilizados com referência genérica ou indeterminada, podem se configurar como recursos para a preservação da face em interações orais. O corpus de análise é constituído por uma parcela de dados dos inquéritos gerados pelo Projeto Crenças e atitudes linguísticas: um estudo da relação do português com línguas de contato (AGUILERA, 2009), em Capanema, Paraná. A base teórica é composta por pesquisas sobre sujeitos pronominais genéricos e indeterminação do sujeito (BORGES, 2004; OROZCO, 2019), pronomes indefinidos (CASTILHO, 2010; NEVES, 2018), além de estudos sobre a preservação da face (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987; KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI, 2006; GOFFMAN, 2011). Os resultados demonstraram que a indeterminação resultante do uso de pronomes indefinidos e de sujeitos pronominais genéricos ou indeterminados pode ser uma estratégia eficiente para garantir a preservação da face positiva, atenuar conteúdos negativos, evitar a responsabilidade pelo que é dito e evitar críticas.

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IGARTUA SALAVERRIA, JUAN. « EL INDETERMINADO CONCEPTO DE LOS CONCEPTOS INDETERMINADOS ». RVAP 56, n^o 56 (1 avril 2000) : 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.56.2000.03.

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DALRYMPLE, MARY, TRACY HOLLOWAY KING et LOUISA SADLER. « Indeterminacy by underspecification ». Journal of Linguistics 45, n^o 1 (28 janvier 2009) : 31–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226708005513.

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We examine the formal encoding of feature indeterminacy, focussing on case indeterminacy as an exemplar of the phenomenon. Forms that are indeterminately specified for the value of a feature can simultaneously satisfy conflicting requirements on that feature and thus are a challenge to constraint-based formalisms which model the compatibility of information carried by linguistic items by combining or integrating that information. Much previous work in constraint-based formalisms has sought to provide an analysis of feature indeterminacy by departing in some way from ‘vanilla’ assumptions either about feature representations or about how compatibility is checked by integrating information from various sources. In the present contribution we argue instead that a solution to the range of issues posed by feature indeterminacy can be provided in a ‘vanilla’ feature-based approach which is formally simple, does not postulate special structures or objects in the representation of case or other indeterminate features, and requires no special provision for the analysis of coordination. We view the value of an indeterminate feature such as case as a complex and possibly underspecified feature structure. Our approach correctly allows for incremental and monotonic refinement of case requirements in particular contexts. It uses only atomic boolean-valued features and requires no special mechanisms or additional assumptions in the treatment of coordination or other phenomena to handle indeterminacy. Our account covers the behaviour of both indeterminate arguments and indeterminate predicates, that is, predicates placing indeterminate requirements on their arguments.

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Hiraiwa, Ken, et Kimiko Nakanishi. « Bare indeterminates in unconditionals ». Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, n^o 1 (23 mars 2020) : 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4706.

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Indeterminates in Japanese have been studied extensively since Kuroda (1965) and all the previous works share the descriptive generalization that indeterminates must co-occur with overt quantificational particles such as ka and (de)mo. We present novel data indicating that the Japanese indeterminates are licensed “bare” without the presence of an overt particle to associate with. Conversely, we also point out data in which the mere presence of mo fails to license an indeterminate. We argue that our long-standing understanding of indeterminates has been misguided and that what truly licenses a bare indeterminate is a covert Q-morpheme. Our analysis that a covert Q-morpheme is the licensor of bare indeterminates departs from the traditional view that indeterminates require the overt licensing particle ka or (de)mo.

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Du, Shigui, Jun Ye, Rui Yong et Fangwei Zhang. « Q-INDETERMINATE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN SIMPLIFIED NEUTROSOPHIC INDETERMINATE SETS AND ITS MULTICRITERIA DECISION-MAKING METHOD ». JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 27, n^o 6 (15 juillet 2021) : 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.15254.

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Owing to the indeterminacy, incompleteness, and inconsistency of decision makers’ arguments/cognitions regarding complicated decision-making problems, the truth, falsity, and indeterminacy degrees given by decision makers may imply the partial certainty and partial uncertainty information. In this case, a simplified neutrosophic set (SNS) cannot express the uncertainty degrees of the truth, falsity, indeterminacy arguments. To depict the hybrid information of SNS and neutrosophic (indeterminate) numbers (NNs) together, this study presents a simplified neutrosophic indeterminate set (SNIS) to describe the uncertainty degrees of the truth, falsity, indeterminacy, and then based on the de-neutrosophication technology using the parameterized SNSs of SNISs we introduce the q-indeterminate correlation coefficients of SNISs with a parameter q ∈ [0, 1]. Next, a simplified neutrosophic indeterminate multicriteria decision-making method using the qindeterminate correlation coefficients of SNISs is established along with decision makers’ risk attitudes, such as the small risk for q = 0, the moderate risk for q = 0.5, and the large risk for q = 1, to carry out multicriteria decision-making problems in SNIS setting. Eventually, the proposed decision-making approach is applied in an example of selecting a satisfactory slope design scheme for an open pit mine to indicate the practicality and flexibility in SNIS setting.

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McKenny, Gerald. « Human Nature and Biotechnological Enhancement : Some Theological Considerations ». Studies in Christian Ethics 32, n^o 2 (14 février 2019) : 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0953946819827139.

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Theologies of human nature routinely reflect the insights of evolutionary biology, for which human biological nature is variable, changing and indeterminate in its boundaries with other living things. However, these theologies do not yet reflect what biotechnology discloses about human biological nature, namely, that it is malleable and indeterminate in its boundaries with machines. Does respect for human biological nature as created by God, or protection of the human person whose nature it is, require us to refrain from taking advantage of its malleability and indeterminacy to select or design functions and traits? Or should we welcome malleability and indeterminacy as conditions for us to fulfill a vocation to determine our nature or bring it to perfection? And do malleability and indeterminacy render obsolete the notion that we look to our nature to determine what our good is? This article answers these questions.

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Hertzmann, Aaron. « Visual Indeterminacy in GAN Art ». Leonardo 53, n^o 4 (juillet 2020) : 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01930.

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This paper explores visual indeterminacy as a description for artwork created with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Visual indeterminacy describes images that appear to depict real scenes, but on closer examination, defy coherent spatial interpretation. GAN models seem to be predisposed to producing indeterminate images, and indeterminacy is a key feature of much modern representational art, as well as most GAN art. The author hypothesizes that indeterminacy is a consequence of a powerful-but-imperfect image synthesis model that must combine general classes of objects, scenes and textures.

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Kandasamy, Ilanthenral. « Double-Valued Neutrosophic Sets, their Minimum Spanning Trees, and Clustering Algorithm ». Journal of Intelligent Systems 27, n^o 2 (28 mars 2018) : 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2016-0088.

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AbstractNeutrosophy (neutrosophic logic) is used to represent uncertain, indeterminate, and inconsistent information available in the real world. This article proposes a method to provide more sensitivity and precision to indeterminacy, by classifying the indeterminate concept/value into two based on membership: one as indeterminacy leaning towards truth membership and the other as indeterminacy leaning towards false membership. This paper introduces a modified form of a neutrosophic set, called Double-Valued Neutrosophic Set (DVNS), which has these two distinct indeterminate values. Its related properties and axioms are defined and illustrated in this paper. An important role is played by clustering in several fields of research in the form of data mining, pattern recognition, and machine learning. DVNS is better equipped at dealing with indeterminate and inconsistent information, with more accuracy, than the Single-Valued Neutrosophic Set, which fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets are incapable of. A generalised distance measure between DVNSs and the related distance matrix is defined, based on which a clustering algorithm is constructed. This article proposes a Double-Valued Neutrosophic Minimum Spanning Tree (DVN-MST) clustering algorithm, to cluster the data represented by double-valued neutrosophic information. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the applications and effectiveness of this clustering algorithm. A comparative study of the DVN-MST clustering algorithm with other clustering algorithms like Single-Valued Neutrosophic Minimum Spanning Tree, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Minimum Spanning Tree, and Fuzzy Minimum Spanning Tree is carried out.

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Vogt, Katja Maria. « No More This than That ». Midwest Studies in Philosophy 45 (2021) : 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/msp202111416.

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In the terms of ancient epistemology, Pyrrho is a dogmatist, not a skeptic, simply on account of putting forward a metaphysical theory. His most contested claim is that things are indifferent, unmeasured, and indeterminate—or, on a competing reconstruction, that things are indifferentiable, unmeasurable, and indeterminable. This paper argues that Pyrrho’s position, which I call Pyrrhonian Indeterminacy, belongs to a rich tradition of revisionist metaphysics that includes ancient atomism, flux metaphysics, Plato’s analysis of becoming, and today’s discussions of indeterminacy and vagueness. This tradition, my argument continues, makes room for a kind of metaphysics that proceeds in epistemological terms. Pyrrho’s indeterminacy claim says that things are indeterminate insofar as they do not have features by reference to which we can determine them to be such-and-such. We should not waver or be inclined to see things one way or another—we should see things, and describe them, as “no more this than that.”

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Osipov, Andrey. « On the completely indeterminate case for block Jacobi matrices ». Concrete Operators 4, n^o 1 (26 janvier 2017) : 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/conop-2017-0005.

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Abstract We consider the infinite Jacobi block matrices in the completely indeterminate case, i. e. such that the deficiency indices of the corresponding Jacobi operators are maximal. For such matrices, some criteria of complete indeterminacy are established. These criteria are similar to several known criteria of indeterminacy of the Hamburger moment problem in terms of the corresponding scalar Jacobi matrices and the related systems of orthogonal polynomials.

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Rȩbielak, Janusz. « Examples of Applications of Two-Stage Method in Calculations of Statically Indeterminate Trusses ». International Journal of Computational Methods 17, n^o 01 (30 septembre 2019) : 1844009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218440097.

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The paper presents features of the two-stage method as an approximate method of calculations of statically indeterminate trusses. Values of forces determined in particular members are resultants of forces calculated in both stages for two intermediate statically determinate trusses. Each of the intermediate truss is defined by removing, from the statically indeterminate truss, a number of members, which equals the statically indeterminacy of the basic truss. In the paper are presented comparisons between values of forces calculated in members of selected type of statically indeterminate plane truss under load by forces applied in symmetrical way and in asymmetrical way.

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Dvořák, Petr. « Neurčitá Identita v Kvantové Oblasti a Strukturní Realismus ». Studia Neoaristotelica 16, n^o 3 (2019) : 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar20191635.

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The paper deals with the problem whether there can exist indeterminate identity. If one accepts Evans’s argument, then statements about indeterminate identity can be true, but only those, in which at least one of the singular terms does not refer determinately. One does not have to explain all vagueness as semantic, i.e. as indeterminacy of meaning, because some such statements can be true on account of indeterminacy of reality. This can be shown in the particular quantum case introduced by Lowe concerning the identity of an absorbed and emitted electron. The singular terms within the identity statements in this example are to be understood in the way pointed out by Abasnezhad and in the manner Barnes and Williams take names in statements of identity between Kilimanjaro and one of the precise aggregates of particles of which the mountain consists: One of the names refers indeterminately. This indeterminacy is of the kind belonging to indefinite descriptions. The issue of individuality on quantum level can be understood using resources of structural realism of James Ladyman.

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Photphisutthiphong, Nopphawan, et Mark Weder. « CAPITAL–LABOR SUBSTITUTION, SECTOR-SPECIFIC EXTERNALITIES, AND INDETERMINACY ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 16, S3 (22 août 2012) : 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000994.

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This paper examines the effect of the elasticity of technological substitution on the existence of equilibrium indeterminacy in two-sector economies. Following recent empirical evidence, the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor is below unity and we find that this requires a higher degree of productive externalities in order to still be able to produce indeterminate equilibria. However, empirically realistic rates of substitution do not rule out indeterminacy.

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Ye, Jun. « An Improved Neutrosophic Number Optimization Method for Optimal Design of Truss Structures ». New Mathematics and Natural Computation 14, n^o 03 (23 août 2018) : 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005718500187.

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To overcome the complex calculation and difficult solution problems in existing solution methods of neutrosophic number (NN) optimization models, this paper proposes an improved NN optimization method to solve NN optimization models by use of the Matlab built-in function “fmincon()” corresponding to the indeterminacy [Formula: see text] and the indeterminate scale [Formula: see text]. Next, the proposed NN optimization method is applied to a three-bar planar truss structural design with indeterminate information to achieve the minimum weight objective under stress and deflection constraints as a NN nonlinear optimization design example. The optimal solutions of the truss structural design demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed NN nonlinear optimization method under indeterminate environment. Finally, by taking some specified indeterminate scale we can also obtain a suitable optimal solution to satisfy some specified actual requirement under indeterminate environments.

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Eklund, Matti. « Deconstructing Ontological Vagueness ». Canadian Journal of Philosophy 38, n^o 1 (mars 2008) : 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjp.0.0006.

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I will here present a number of problems concerning the idea that there is ontological vagueness, and the related claim that appeal to this idea can help solve some vagueness-related problems. A theme underlying the discussion will be the distinction between vagueness specifically and indeterminacy more generally (and, relatedly, the distinction between ontological vagueness and ontological indeterminacy). Even if the world is somehow ontologically indeterminate it by no means follows that it is, properly speaking, ontologically vague.

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Ye, Jun, Shigui Du, Rui Yong et Fangwei Zhang. « Arccosine and arctangent similarity measures of refined simplified neutrosophic indeterminate sets and their multicriteria decision-making method ». Journal of Intelligent & ; Fuzzy Systems 40, n^o 5 (22 avril 2021) : 9159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201571.

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In indeterminate and inconsistent setting, existing simplified neutrosophic indeterminate set (SNIS) can be depicted by the neutrosophic number (NN) functions of the truth, falsity and indeterminacy. Then, the three NN functions in SNIS lack their refined expressions and then the simplified neutrosophic indeterminate decision making (DM) method cannot carry out the multicriteria DM problems with both criteria and sub-criteria in the setting of SNISs. To overcome the flaws, this study first proposes a new notion of a refined simplified neutrosophic indeterminate set (RSNIS), which is described by the refined truth, falsity and indeterminate NN information regarding both elements and sub-elements in a universe set, as the extension of SNIS. Next, we propose the arccosine and arctangent similarity measures of RSNISs and their multicriteria DM method with various indeterminate risk ranges so as to carry out multicriteria DM problems with weight values of both criteria and sub-criteria in RSNIS setting. Lastly, the proposed DM method is applied to a multicriteria DM example of slope design schemes for an open pit mine to illustrate its application in the indeterminate DM problem with RSNISs. The decision results and comparative analysis indicate the rationality and efficiency of the proposed DM method with different indeterminate risk ranges.

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Waterton, Claire, et Kathryn Yusoff. « Indeterminate Bodies ». Body & ; Society 23, n^o 3 (2 août 2017) : 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x17717111.

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Indeterminate Bodies organizes a number of theoretical and empirical studies around the concept and actuality of indeterminacy, as it relates to body and society. Located within the struggle to apprehend different categories of ‘body’ in the volatile flows of late-capital, indeterminacy is considered through such multiple incarnations as economy, contingency, inheritance, question, force, uncertainty, materiality and affective resistance to determination. While indeterminacy is often positioned as the ‘trouble’ or friction in subject/object knowledge-formation (framed as ontological or empirical challenge), it also engenders affects such that some subjects are both in and out of recognition. Questions of indeterminacy overlap with work on imperceptibility, giving rise to interlocked questions about the modes of representation, categorization, inclusion, exclusion and sensibility in the production of bodies. We address the hesitancies, difficulties and necessities of working with and through indeterminacy in order open up new descriptions, visions and modes of political work.

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Nakanishi, Kimiko, et Ken Hiraiwa. « Indeterminates in comparatives as free choice items ». Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 7, n^o 1 (5 mai 2022) : 5292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5292.

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Japanese indeterminate pronouns have different interpretations depending on a particle that they appear with. Indeterminates may appear “bare” in the yori comparative, which leads to questions of whether they are existential quantifiers, negative polarity items (NPIs), universal quantifiers, or free choice items (FCIs), and of how they are licensed. We examine each possibility and argue that they are FCIs. We then provide novel evidence that the yori comparative has some properties of unconditional clauses, which corroborates our previous claim that indeterminate- based FCIs in Japanese are unconditional clauses.

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Stadel, Christian. « The Syntagma of kl ‘all’ with Indeterminate Plural Nouns in Imperial Aramaic and Western Middle Aramaic ». Aramaic Studies 11, n^o 1 (2013) : 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455227-13110103.

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This article surveys all occurrences of the noun phrase kl ‘all’ with indeterminate plural nouns in Imperial and Western Middle Aramaic. Taking issue with the assumption that this is an archaic form of the similar determinate construction, the article exemplifies and contrasts their different nuances of meaning. It is suggested that the formal indetermination of the noun phrase marks it as non-specific. As against the construction of kl with indeterminate singular nouns it stresses plurality. The findings have implications for the origin of Imperial Aramaic and for the linguistic dating of Qumran Aramaic texts.

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Hiraiwa, Ken. « The origin and architecture of existential indeterminates in Okinawan ». Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, n^o 1 (23 mars 2020) : 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4705.

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In a number of languages, an indeterminate is combined with various particles to yield different indefinite pronouns. This has been called an indeterminate system (Kuroda 1965, Cheng 1991, Haspelmath 1997, Jayaseelan 2001). As Haspelmath (1997) and Jayaseelan (2001) observe, existential indeterminates are often built with disjunction markers. On the other hand, a disjunction particle and a question particle are often morphologically identical cross-linguistically (see Hagstrom 1998, Jayaseelan 2001). Thus, a question that I ask here is whether the alleged homophony between a disjunction marker and a marker that forms an existential quantifier is principled (Jayaseelan 2001, Szabolcsi et al. 2014) or coincidental (Haspelmath 1997, Cable 2010). In this paper, I argue that the observation about homophony is misguided and hence support Haspelmath’s hypothesis, based on the data obtained from my fieldwork on Okinawan, an endangered Ryukyuan language. I propose an analysis where existential indeterminates in Okinawan have a clausal structure of an embedded question and are derived by deletion.

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Davis, Christopher Michael. « Plurality and distributivity in Yaeyaman wh-questions ». Semantics and Linguistic Theory 25 (31 mai 2016) : 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v25i0.3206.

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In Yaeyaman, a critically endangered Japonic language of the Southern Ryukyus, there is a distinction made between singular and plural wh-questions, with plurality indicated by reduplication of the indeterminate (wh) pronoun. I argue that reduplication of the indeterminate is triggered by a morpheme RED that requires the presence of non-atoms in the set of Hamblin alternatives denoted by its sister. When attached directly to an indeterminate pronoun, RED requires the presence of non-atomic, plural entities. I then show that reduplicated indeterminate subjects can be interpreted distributively in pair-list answers, while reduplicated indeterminate objects cannot. After showing that the distributive reading of the subject indeterminate cannot be modeled straightforwardly using a distributivizing operator attached to the VP, I suggest that it reflects morphological agreement between the subject indeterminate and a clause-level RED morpheme, which requires the existence of plural answers in the set of alternative propositions denoted by the question. The semantics of clause-level RED requires a distinction between atomic and plural answers that parallels the distinction between atomic and plural entities. I also compare the Yaeyaman data with reduplication in Korean questions, showing that the semantics of RED differs between the two languages. Keywords: plurality, distributivity, indeterminates, wh-questions, pair-list answers, redupli- cation, Ryukyuan, Yaeyaman, Korean

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Albassam, Mohammed, Nasrullah Khan et Muhammad Aslam. « Neutrosophic D’Agostino Test of Normality : An Application to Water Data ». Journal of Mathematics 2021 (23 février 2021) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5582102.

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The D’Agostino test has been widely applied for testing the normality of the data. The existing D’Agostino test cannot be applied when the data have some indeterminate observations or observations which are obtained from the complex systems. In this paper, we present a D’Agostino test under neutrosophic statistics. We propose the D’Agostino test to test the normality of the data having indeterminate observations. The design of the proposed test is given and implemented with the help of real data. From the comparison, it is concluded that the proposed test is effective, adequate, and suitable to be applied in the presence of indeterminacy.

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Yun, Jiwon. « Meaning and Prosody of Wh-Indeterminates in Korean ». Linguistic Inquiry 50, n^o 3 (juin 2019) : 630–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00318.

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This article presents an experiment investigating the relative contribution of two different prosodic properties to the interpretation and scope configuration of wh-indeterminates in Korean. The experiment shows that it is prosodic phrasing after the wh-indeterminate that determines whether it is interpreted as interrogative or indefinite. Prosodic prominence on the wh-indeterminate does not contribute to such a distinction; rather, it increases the possibility of a wide scope reading. The results support the theory that prosodic phrasing is crucial in forming wh-questions, and call for consideration of the influence of prosody on scope-taking properties of wh-indefinites.

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Hirose, Yasuo. « MONETARY POLICY AND SUNSPOT FLUCTUATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE EURO AREA ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 17, n^o 1 (25 mai 2012) : 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510001008.

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We estimate a two-country open economy version of the New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for the United States and the Euro area, using Bayesian techniques that allow for both determinacy and indeterminacy of the equilibrium. Empirical analysis shows that the worldwide equilibrium is indeterminate due to a passive monetary policy in the Euro area, even if U.S. policy is aggressive enough. We demonstrate that the impulse responses under indeterminacy exhibit dynamics different from those under determinacy and that sunspot shocks affect the Euro economy to a substantial degree, whereas the transmission of sunspots to the United States is limited.

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Bĕlohrad, Radim. « The Determinable-Based Account of Metaphysical Indeterminacy and Vague Identity ». KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 34, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2020) : 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2020-340303.

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Abstract This paper focuses on Jessica Wilson's determinable-based account of metaphysical indeterminacy and its relationship to the concept of vague identity. The determinable-based account comprises a distinction between meta-level and object-level accounts of metaphysical indeterminacy. I first argue that the distinction cannot be clearly applied to some theories. In particular, I argue that even though Wilson categorizes the constitution account of metaphysical indeterminacy as a meta-level account, from one perspective it can be defensibly regarded as an object-level account, because it is bound to posit genuinely indeterminate states of affairs and provides an explanation of boundary indeterminacy that is structurally analogous to the explanation provided by Wilson's object-level account. This interim conclusion is important, because it has been argued that the constitution account, when applied to some more complex types of boundary indeterminacy, cannot avoid commitment to vague identity, in spite of the declarations of some of its proponents. The ultimate goal of this paper is to argue that, contrary to Wilson's claims, the determinable-based account must embrace vague identity too.

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Papayannopoulos, Philippos, Nir Fresco et Oron Shagrir. « On Two Different Kinds of Computational Indeterminacy ». Monist 105, n^o 2 (9 mars 2022) : 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/monist/onab033.

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Abstract It is often indeterminate what function a given computational system computes. This phenomenon has been referred to as “computational indeterminacy” or “multiplicity of computations.” In this paper, we argue that what has typically been considered and referred to as the (unique) challenge of computational indeterminacy in fact subsumes two distinct phenomena, which are typically bundled together and should be teased apart. One kind of indeterminacy concerns a functional (or formal) characterization of the system’s relevant behavior (briefly: how its physical states are grouped together and corresponded to abstract states). Another kind concerns the manner in which the abstract (or computational) states are interpreted (briefly: what function the system computes). We discuss the similarities and differences between the two kinds of computational indeterminacy, their implications for certain accounts of “computational individuation” in the literature, and their relevance to different levels of description within the computational system. We also examine the inter-relationships between our proposed accounts of the two kinds of indeterminacy and the main accounts of “computational implementation.”

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Tam, Theodore Tsz Hang. « Wolfgang Iser’s conception of indeterminacy : An integrational critique ». Journal of Literary Semantics 48, n^o 2 (25 octobre 2019) : 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jls-2019-2012.

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Abstract Adopting the perspective of a “Harrisian” integrational linguist, this article identifies two conflicting ways in which Wolfgang Iser describes “indeterminacy” and its implications on the act of reading in his “reception theory”. It will be argued that while his understanding of contextualisation and recontextualisation is markedly similar to the integrational idea of the radical indeterminacy of the sign, he is not an “integrational literary theorist” since he ultimately sees literary works as comprising determinate, intersubjective segments and indeterminate links supplied by the reader. Iser’s significance for integrationism lies mainly in the directions he provides for the development of “integrational literary criticism”, the practitioners of which would be “cultured readers” who appreciate the impossibility of “correct” analyses and recognise indeterminacy as an integral part of the reading process.

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GUSTAFSSON, JOHAN E. « Indeterminacy and the Small-Improvement Argument ». Utilitas 25, n^o 4 (22 juillet 2013) : 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820813000034.

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In this article, I argue that the small-improvement fails since some of the comparisons involved in the argument might be indeterminate. I defend this view from two objections by Ruth Chang, namely the argument from phenomenology and the argument from perplexity. There are some other objections to the small-improvement argument that also hinge on claims about indeterminacy. John Broome argues that alleged cases of value incomparability are merely examples of indeterminacy in the betterness relation. The main premise of his argument is the much-discussed collapsing principle. I offer a new counterexample to this principle and argue that Broome's defence of the principle is not cogent. On the other hand, Nicolas Espinoza argues that the small-improvement argument fails as a result of the mere possibility of evaluative indeterminacy. I argue that his objection is unsuccessful.

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Ramírez C., Soledad, et Anderson Cárdenas F. « On the R-automorphisms of formal power series on several indeterminates and with coefficients over the ring R ». Selecciones Matemáticas 9, n^o 01 (30 juin 2022) : 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sel.mat.2022.01.18.

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In this paper, we show a way to characterize the R-automorphisms of formal power series on several indeterminates and with coefficients over a commutative ring with identity, R. We show this characterization, as an extension of existing result for the R-automorphisms of the formal power series in an indeterminate, given by O'Malley, M. and Wood, C. in [12].

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Foster, David E., et Gordon R. Pennock. « Graphical Methods to Locate the Secondary Instant Centers of Single-Degree-of-Freedom Indeterminate Linkages ». Journal of Mechanical Design 127, n^o 2 (1 mars 2005) : 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1829070.

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This paper presents graphical techniques to locate the unknown instantaneous centers of zero velocity of planar, single-degree-of-freedom, linkages with kinematic indeterminacy. The approach is to convert a single-degree-of-freedom indeterminate linkage into a two-degree-of-freedom linkage. Two methods are presented to perform this conversion. The first method is to remove a binary link and the second method is to replace a single link with a pair of links connected by a revolute joint. First, the paper shows that a secondary instant center of a two-degree-of-freedom linkage must lie on a unique straight line. Then this property is used to locate a secondary instant center of the single-degree-of-freedom indeterminate linkage at the intersection of two lines. The two lines are obtained from a purely graphical procedure. The graphical techniques presented in this paper are illustrated by three examples of single-degree-of-freedom linkages with kinematic indeterminacy. The examples are a ten-bar linkage with only revolute joints, the single flier eight-bar linkage, and a ten-bar linkage with revolute and prismatic joints.

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Allen, Sophie R. « Can Theoretical Underdetermination support the Indeterminacy of Translation ? Revisiting Quine's ‘Real Ground’ ». Philosophy 85, n^o 1 (janvier 2010) : 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819109990441.

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AbstractIt is commonly believed that Quine's principal argument for the Indeterminacy of Translation requires an untenably strong account of the underdetermination of theories by evidence, namely that that two theories may be compatible with all possible evidence for them and yet incompatible with each other. In this article, I argue that Quine's conclusion that translation is indeterminate can be based upon the weaker, uncontroversial conception of theoretical underdetermination, in conjunction with a weak reading of the ‘Gavagai’ argument which establishes the underdetermination of the sense and reference of subsentential terms. If underdetermination is considered to be a widespread phenomenon in science, or in inductive reasoning more generally, then the Indeterminacy of Translation will be widespread too. Finally, I briefly consider two issues concerning the scope of this conclusion about the Indeterminacy of Translation: first, whether the argument presupposes behaviourism; and second, whether indeterminacy is restricted to the case of radical translation. I argue that the answer to both these questions is negative, and thus that the thesis of semantic indeterminacy remains relevant to those who disagree with Quine about some issues concerning the nature of mind and language.

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Mannoni, Michele. « On the Forms and Thorns of Linguistic Indeterminacy in Chinese Law ». Comparative Legilinguistics 45, n^o 1 (1 mars 2021) : 61–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cl-2021-0004.

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Abstract This study addresses the different types and implications of linguistic indeterminacy in Chinese law. It firstly draws on the studies of scholars of different disciplines, such as linguistics and philosophy of language, to provide a taxonomy of indeterminacy in language. It then provides examples of each type, highlighting the implications in law and legal interpretation. It uses linguistic data from various texts, such as statutory laws and judgements, and analyses them with various methods, including discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. This study argues that when the language of the law is indeterminate, the legal outcomes may be particularly uncertain. It suggests that although it is difficult to ascertain whether the degree of indeterminacy is higher in some languages more than in others, some linguistic mechanisms at the word-formation level in Chinese, such as portmanteaus and the modifier-modified structure, are remarkably ambiguous. When uncertain terms are in key parts of the law, the consequences may be more serious. The study of linguistic indeterminacy in Chinese has implications for the study of forensic linguistics, and Chinese studies in general.

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Bianchi, Francesco, et Giovanni Nicolò. « A generalized approach to indeterminacy in linear rational expectations models ». Quantitative Economics 12, n^o 3 (2021) : 843–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe949.

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We propose a novel approach to deal with the problem of indeterminacy in linear rational expectations models. The method consists of augmenting the original state space with a set of auxiliary exogenous equations to provide the adequate number of explosive roots in presence of indeterminacy. The solution in this expanded state space, if it exists, is always determinate, and is identical to the indeterminate solution of the original model. The proposed approach accommodates determinacy and any degree of indeterminacy, and it can be implemented even when the boundaries of the determinacy region are unknown. Thus, the researcher can estimate the model using standard software packages without restricting the estimates to the determinacy region. We combine our solution method with a novel hybrid Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to estimate the New–Keynesian model with rational bubbles by Galí (2021) over the period 1982:Q4–2007:Q3. We find that the data support the presence of two degrees of indeterminacy, implying that the central bank was not reacting strongly enough to the bubble component.

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White, Jonathan. « Responding to Norm Indeterminacy outside the Nation-State Frame ». Comparative Sociology 9, n^o 5 (2010) : 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913210x12548913482393.

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AbstractI examine responses to norm indeterminacy in the transnational context, focusing on regional integration in post-War Europe. I argue that the development of the European Union has been facilitated by the use of a legitimizing device whereby policy decisions at a European level are cast as beyond the scope of reasonable political disagreement and therefore distinct from the conditions which make democracy a desirable political form at the national level. This rejection of the political significance of norm indeterminacy has led to a widely diagnosed trend of “depoliticization” in European politics. The paper examines how best to understand this trend, and explores how an adapted account of “enlightened localism” might offer better ways of coping with indeterminate norms.

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Bello, Henry Darío López, et Michelle Alejandra Penagos Vargas. « La teoría de las cuasi-proporciones de Pietro Mengoli ». South Florida Journal of Development 2, n^o 4 (8 septembre 2021) : 5870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n4-068.

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Pietro Mengoli presenta en 1659 la teoría de las cuasi-proporciones, fundamento de su método de cálculo de cuadraturas. Esta se basa en la teoría de las proporciones del Libro V de Elementos y en la obra en algebra simbólica de Viète. Inicia trabajando con números naturales generalizados por medio de variables y sumatorias de estos, ordenándolos en seis tablas triangulares. Con estos resultados, define una relación —cuasi-razón—, una relación de relaciones —cuasi-proporción—, y construye su teoría definiendo los conceptos de cantidad indeterminada determinable y la razón indeterminada determinable, conceptos donde subyace la idea del límite como proceso de aproximación Pietro Mengoli presented in 1659 the quasi-proportions theory, basis of his own method for calculating quadratures. This theory is based on the Euclidean theory of proportions, shown in the fifth book of Elements and on symbolic algebra work of Viète. He started working with generalized natural numbers using variables and sums of these, ordering these in six triangular tables. With these results, he defined a relation —quasi-ration— and a relation of relations —quasi-proportion— and constructs his theory defining the concepts of determined indeterminate quantity and determined indeterminate ratio, concepts where the idea of limit underlies as a process of approximation.

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Müller-Xing, Ralf, Rhomi Ardiansyah, Qian Xing, Léa Faivre, Jingjing Tian, Guohua Wang, Yucai Zheng et al. « Polycomb proteins control floral determinacy by H3K27me3-mediated repression of pluripotency genes in Arabidopsis thaliana ». Journal of Experimental Botany 73, n^o 8 (19 janvier 2022) : 2385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac013.

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Abstract Polycomb group (PcG) protein-mediated histone methylation (H3K27me3) controls the correct spatiotemporal expression of numerous developmental regulators in Arabidopsis. Epigenetic silencing of the stem cell factor gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in floral meristems (FMs) depends on H3K27me3 deposition by PcG proteins. However, the role of H3K27me3 in silencing of other meristematic regulator and pluripotency genes during FM determinacy has not yet been studied. To this end, we report the genome-wide dynamics of H3K27me3 levels during FM arrest and the consequences of strongly depleted PcG activity on early flower morphogenesis including enlarged and indeterminate FMs. Strong depletion of H3K27me3 levels results in misexpression of the FM identity gene AGL24, which partially causes floral reversion leading to ap1-like flowers and indeterminate FMs ectopically expressing WUS and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). Loss of STM can rescue supernumerary floral organs and FM indeterminacy in H3K27me3-deficient flowers, indicating that the hyperactivity of the FMs is at least partially a result of ectopic STM expression. Nonetheless, WUS remained essential for the FM activity. Our results demonstrate that PcG proteins promote FM determinacy at multiple levels of the floral gene regulatory network, silencing initially floral regulators such as AGL24 that promotes FM indeterminacy and, subsequently, meristematic pluripotency genes such as WUS and STM during FM arrest.

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Aslam, Muhammad, et Muhammad Saleem. « Neutrosophic test of linearity with application ». AIMS Mathematics 8, n^o 4 (2023) : 7981–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2023402.

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<abstract> <p>The existing F-test of linearity cannot be applied when data has indeterminacy and uncertainty. The present paper introduces the F-test of testing linearity under neutrosophic statistics. We will develop F-test under neutrosophic statistics and neutrosophic analysis of the variance (NANOVA) table. The application of the proposed test will be given using the data of dry bulb temperature and relative humidity. From the analysis and comparison studies, it is found that the proposed F-test under neutrosophic statistics gives the results in indeterminate intervals and measures of indeterminacy. In addition, the proposed test is more flexible, adequate, and more informative than the F-test under classical statistics.</p> </abstract>

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Kandasamy, Ilanthenral, et Florentin Smarandache. « Multicriteria Decision Making Using Double Refined Indeterminacy Neutrosophic Cross Entropy and Indeterminacy Based Cross Entropy ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 859 (décembre 2016) : 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.859.129.

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Double Refined Indeterminacy Neutrosophic Set (DRINS) is an inclusive case of the refined neutrosophic set, defined by Smarandache (2013), which provides the additional possibility to represent with sensitivity and accuracy the uncertain, imprecise, incomplete, and inconsistent information which are available in real world. More precision is provided in handling indeterminacy; by classifying indeterminacy (I) into two, based on membership; as indeterminacy leaning towards truth membership (IT) and indeterminacy leaning towards false membership (IF). This kind of classification of indeterminacy is not feasible with the existing Single Valued Neutrosophic Set (SVNS), but it is a particular case of the refined neutrosophic set (where each T, I, F can be refined into T1, T2, ...; I1, I2, ...; F1, F2, ...). DRINS is better equipped at dealing indeterminate and inconsistent information, with more accuracy than SVNS, which fuzzy sets and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) are incapable of. Based on the cross entropy of neutrosophic sets, the cross entropy of DRINSs, known as Double Refined Indeterminacy neutrosophic cross entropy, is proposed in this paper. This proposed cross entropy is used for a multicriteria decision-making problem, where the criteria values for alternatives are considered under a DRINS environment. Similarly, an indeterminacy based cross entropy using DRINS is also proposed. The double valued neutrosophic weighted cross entropy and indeterminacy based cross entropy between the ideal alternative and an alternative is obtained and utilized to rank the alternatives corresponding to the cross entropy values. The most desirable one(s) in decision making process is selected. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. A brief comparison of the proposed method with the existing methods is carried out.

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Fowler, Michael. « Reading John Cage's Variations III as a Process for Generating Proto-Architectural Form ». Leonardo 45, n^o 1 (février 2012) : 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00323.

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Yago Conde based his 1988 concept design for the Barcelona Olympic Village water fountain on John Cage's indeterminate graphic work Fontana Mix. In this paper, a critique of Conde's work serves as the departure point for an examination of Cagean notions of indeterminacy, an interrogation of the original musical context of Fontana Mix, and the presentation of a distinct methodology (employing NURBS modeling) for proto-architectural representation of Cage's graphic score Variations III.

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Beidar, K. I., E. R. Puczyłowski et R. Wiegandt. « Radicals and polynomial rings ». Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 72, n^o 1 (février 2002) : 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700003554.

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AbstractWe prove that polynomial rings in one indeterminate over nil rings are antiregular radical and uniformly strongly prime radical. These give some approximations of Köthe's problem. We also study the uniformly strongly prime and superprime radicals of polynomial rings in non-commuting indeterminates. Moreover, we show that the semi-uniformly strongly prime radical coincides with the uniformly strongly prime radical and that the class of semi-superprime rings is closed under taking finite subdirect sums.

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Aguiar-Conraria, Luís, et Yi Wen. « A NOTE ON OIL DEPENDENCE AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 12, n^o 5 (novembre 2008) : 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100508070429.

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We show that dependence on foreign energy can increase economic instability by raising the likelihood of equilibrium indeterminacy, hence making it easier for fluctuations driven by self-fulfilling expectations to occur. This is demonstrated in a standard neoclassical growth model. Calibration exercises, based on the estimated share of imported energy in production for several countries, show that the degree of reliance on foreign energy for many countries can easily make an otherwise determinate and stable economy indeterminate and unstable.

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Williams, Matthew. « Legislative language and judicial politics : The effects of changing parliamentary language on UK immigration disputes ». British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19, n^o 3 (11 mai 2017) : 592–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148117705272.

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Why does the British government increasingly lose immigration cases in court? More broadly, what can explain the changing behaviour of appeal court judges? It is because government powers to manage immigration, delegated by Parliament, are increasingly couched in indeterminate language. Indeterminacy in legislation not only allows for executive discretion but also encourages litigation. Parliament has therefore provided the cause of action, and judges are not being ‘activist’. This argument revitalises, with nuance, the legal model of judicial behaviour. New evidence supports the claim, with discourse analysis of all 1233 sections of immigration legislation enacted from 1905 to 2016 showing an increase in indeterminacy. Logit regression modelling of 252 immigration appeal cases between 1970 and 2012 shows that changes to language and the administration of the law can explain the outcome in 73% of cases.

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Osipov, Andrey. « Deficiency indices of block Jacobi matrices and Miura transformation ». Special Matrices 10, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spma-2022-0160.

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Abstract We study the infinite Jacobi block matrices under the discrete Miura-type transformations which relate matrix Volterra and Toda lattice systems to each other and the situations when the deficiency indices of the corresponding operators are the same. A special attention is paid to the completely indeterminate case (i.e., then the deficiency indices of the corresponding block Jacobi operators are maximal). It is shown that there exists a Miura transformation which retains the complete indeterminacy of Jacobi block matrices appearing in the Lax representation for such systems, namely, if the Lax matrix of Volterra system is completely indeterminate, then so is the Lax matrix of the corresponding Toda system, and vice versa. We consider an implication of the obtained results to the study of matrix orthogonal polynomials as well as to the analysis of self-adjointness of scalar Jacobi operators.

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