Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Independent regulatory commissions – European Union countries »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Independent regulatory commissions – European Union countries"
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Shugailo, A., G. Plachkov, Yu Grebenyuk, I. Shevchenko, О. Dybach, O. Zeleny et R. Moskalyshyn. « The Main Results of Ageing Management State Analysis of Ukrainian NPPs ». Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no 3(79) (28 août 2018) : 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2018.3(79).01.
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The issues of ageing management (AM) are regarded as ones of the most important factors for safety ensurance of nuclear installations at the design and longterm operation stages. For Ukrainian NPPs units, the design lifetime (30 years) has either expired, or is at the ending stage. The Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035 “Safety, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness” underlines the Long Term Operation (LTO) based on periodic safety review as one of the high priority areas of nuclear energy development. Thus, the analysis of ageing management issue is paid respective attention in Ukraine and abroad. Ageing management became a subject of first thematic peer review organized by European Commission based on Western European Nuclear Regulatory Authorities (WENRA) proposal. European Union countries took place in this peer review and Ukraine has joined this process as well. Based on the results of topical peer review each country has developed a National report on ageing management. This article is dedicated to main analysis results of ageing management issues at Ukrainian NPPs covering the components such as reactor vessel, containment, electric cables and embedded piping.Based on the results of independent verifications carried out by Western experts in the framework of international projects, the level of Ukrainian existing regulatory framework is in compliance with the level of the IAEA and WENRA documents and safety recommendations in the part of ageing management requirements. In addition, ageing management has a system basis. The areas of further activities on improvement of the regulatory framework taking into account the best practices and and experience, development of regulatory documents for research nuclear reactors, improvement of activities on assessment of the technical state and lifetime extension of reactor vessel along with the extension of the representative data based on the results of surveillanve specimens testing, conducting international peer reviews with the participation of the IAEA SALTO mission have been defined.
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Haller, Axel, Jürgen Ernstberger et Christian Kraus. « Extraterritorial impacts of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on external corporate governance – current evidence from a German perspective ». Corporate Ownership and Control 3, no 3 (2006) : 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv3i3p9.
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) has not only had tremendous impact on the U.S corporate governance system, but also on other countries with companies subject to SOX. The paper analyzes the major direct impacts of SOX on the European Union (EU) and Germany as a Member State. The focus of the analysis is on rules concerning external corporate governance instruments, i.e. the auditing professions’ oversight, auditors’ independence and auditing standards. Additionally, the paper investigates whether the contemporary regulatory activities in the EU and Germany concerning external corporate governance can be explained as indirect institutional consequences of SOX. Although the EU Commission says for the record that it has an own long-term strategy of modernizing corporate governance, the paper demonstrates that several rules of SOX quite obviously served as a model for the EU regulatory activities. The same phenomenon can be observed for the new German regulations of external corporate governance
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Kisgyörgy, Sándor, György Botond et John M. Tyson. « Water Quality Management and Legislation in Hungary - A River Basin Approach ». Water Science and Technology 40, no 10 (1 novembre 1999) : 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0505.
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The project summarised in this paper was aimed at developing water quality legislation in Hungary and funded through the PHARE programme of the European Union. Hungary, in common with the other former Eastern European countries, is in a period of transition as it moves from a state socialist system to a free market economy and a full member of the European Union. The project sought to explore the means whereby water quality could be managed on a river basin basis and the legislative, institutional, economic and regulatory challenges resolved. A key element of the project was the carrying out of five case studies, on different catchments, to evaluate the various approaches. An important element of these studies was the participation of all interested parties in the individual catchments. The project showed that to move to a full system of integrated river basin management would be a step too far at this stage and, instead, recommended a system of Catchment Planning Commissions, accountable to Central Government, for the development of catchment based water quality objectives and plans for their achievement together with the monitoring and reporting of progress on implementation. The concomitant legal requirements were detailed and the need for public participation emphasised.
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Hrebeniuk, D. « The genesis of the European Parliament and its transformation to supra statehood ». Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series : Law 1, no 72 (16 novembre 2022) : 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.5.
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The article examines the European Union as a unique association of European countries, which was created as an organizational form for political, economic and social cooperation between member countries, candidates for membership and partner countries that are not part of the union. The European Union symbolizes the diversity of nations and European cultures and aims to achieve peace and prosperity. Independent countries united for the sake of a common goal and sacrificed part of their sovereignty in order to become economically stronger, so it is not surprising that the official motto of the union is "unity in diversity".
The article pays special attention to the nature of the European Union, because de facto it is an international entity, it combines such features as supra-statehood and inter-statehood, but de jure it is neither one nor the other. The structure of the European Union includes institutions whose tasks are to realize the goals of this union, to serve its interests and the interests of its citizens, as well as to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of its policies. At the beginning of its creation, the European Union consisted of six countries and had a completely different name, namely the European Coal and Steel Association. Gradually, the subjects of this entity are deepening economic integration and creating a single market, we can also see that successively, partial management functions are moving to the supranational level and the number of future participants of the union is increasing. The evolution of the union takes place for the sake of economic development, through the opening of markets, which leads to an increase in production and, as a result, new working cities are created. With an increase in imports, competition increases and prices decrease and the quality of goods increases [1, р. 1].
This scientific work examines the formation of the legislative institution of the European Union, analyzes the cooperation of the European Parliament with other leading institutions, and also examines the regulatory and legal framework that influenced the transformation and reveals the nature of the European Parliament.
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Sumaneev, Ivan. « REWIEV ON THE BOOK “RUSSIA AND THE WESTERN FAR RIGHT : TANGO NOIR” BY A. SHEKHOVTSOV ». Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 14, no 4 (2020) : 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2020-4-157-161.
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Anton Shekhovtsov is a political researcher who deals with far right movements and leaders, mainly in Europe and in post-Soviet countries. This book presents a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of ties between Russian officials and institutions with Western, predominantly European far-right politicians and intellectuals. Shekhovtsov points out that these ties have strengthened after 2004. He examines in detail the various scenarios and strategies the Russian sides resort to from simple lobbying-like activity to more sophisticated schemes, such as electoral reports made by “independent” commissions consisting of the representatives of European far right parties and movements. Shekhovtsov gives the historical perspective, showing the interaction with the European far right even in the times of the Soviet Union. He presents the story of pre- and post-war plans to take advantage of the rightwing activists in Europe, mainly in Germany. The book by Anton Shekhovtsov is an interesting contribution both to our knowledge about the foreign policy of authoritarian regimes and to the field of international relations and Russian foreign policy.
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Milenković, Marko. « Electoral Management in the Western Balkans – Overview of Institutional Setting ». Srpska politička misao 66, no 4/2019 (3 février 2020) : 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spm.6642019.2.
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Countries of the Western Balkans (WB) – former federal units of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Albania have undergone a lengthy and complex process of democratisation from late 1980s. Free and fair elections are among the cornerstones of democratic consolidation. Even though the institutional setting for electoral management differs greatly across the globe, during the Europeanisation process it was widely recommended to transitional societies to set up independent electoral management bodies in other to guarantee fair electoral conditions, with standards mostly promoted by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe (VC) and International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). Based on this influence, all the countries of the WB have established electoral commissions that are to great extent formally independent from the executive, with the intention of being less prone to electoral meddling. This is enhanced by regular election monitoring in the region by the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the process being followed and evaluated by both the European Union institutions and member states as part of fulfilment of the Copenhagen criteria to join the EU. This paper gives an overview of the institutional setting of electoral management in the WB that was created following the model of independent bodies and outlines main features of their design.
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Markey, Raymond. « Non-Union Employee Representation in Australia ». Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no 2 (avril 2007) : 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607074918.
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Non-union representative employee participation recently has attracted increasing international attention in employment relations due to the growing representation gap in many countries as union membership declines, and mounting evidence of the benefits of representative employee participation for enterprise flexibility and efficiency. However, relatively little is known about Australian experiments in employee participation, although it is essential to learn from Australian experience in order to develop effective public policy. This case study represents a contribution to this larger project. SMEC is a non-union employee representative body that has adopted a European works council organizational model. The case study evaluates SMEC's effectiveness as a non-union form of representative employee participation. It concludes that the opportunities for the formation of genuinely independent works council style organs of employee participation remain severely constrained by the current Australian regulatory environment, which tends to encourage a union substitution role.
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Yurgaytis, Alexey, Dmitry Topchy et Aleksandra Popova. « Ensuring the reliability and safety of renovation facilities when introducing modern methods of building control ». E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019) : 00102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600102.
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The purpose of this paper is to compare building control procedures in the countries of the European Union (EU) and Russia. Considered issues are related to regulatory regulation in countries, a fundamental approach to control, participants, performance results, as well as a vector for the development of construction control activities. The solution of these problems was carried out with the help of studying the foreign experience of research on this subject, as well as studying the regulatory framework for this area in the Russian Federation and the countries of the European Union. As a result of the science-metric analysis, a systematized database of official sources for regulating construction control was created. In addition, the concept of automated control was developed. The result obtained allows us to develop a comprehensive system of building control, to ensure an increase in the safety of construction and installation works. Using the data obtained, it is possible to take into account the experience of both structures and create automated software to track the construction process as a whole or as individual parts, to timely eliminate the identified defects. The possible options for improving software technologies for building control that differ from the others is by the possibility of choice of independent and dependent control parameters, by model of processing results of the construction process control in order to localize the defective situations and minimize the size of the secondary damage from the effects of the commissioning of buildings. Based on the obtained data the further development of models and algorithms for construction control of buildings and structures providing the required level of reliability and safety of their construction and operation, taking into account technical and economic efficiency criteria.
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Slepak, V. Yu. « Legal Foundations for Exporting Dual-Use Goods from the European Union ». Lex Russica, no 1 (19 janvier 2021) : 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.170.1.044-056.
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The paper is devoted to the examination of the main aspects of the legal regulation of exporting dual-use goods in the EU under Council Regulation (EU) No. 428/2009 of 5 May 2009. The main objective of the instrument under consideration is to establish a system common for EU Member States to control effectively the export of dual-use goods in order to ensure compliance of EU member States with international obligations, especially with regard to the regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. The author concludes that the current Regulation on export of dual-use goods is a logical extension and continuation of the EU instruments regulating arms trade with the third countries that pursues the same objectives, i.e. to implement the international legal obligations of the EU Member States assumed under multilateral control and non-proliferation regimes. Under the selected regulatory model, the EU failed to take the opportunity of replacing relevant national regulation; the Dual-Use Export Regulation defines a general framework, leaving it to Member States to take certain measures aimed at promoting an EU-wide approach. It is up to Member States to establish an appropriate control system for transactions, involving dual-use products, carried out by their nationals and legal entities. On the one hand, it allows the authorities of Member States, due to their proximity to economic entities, to take into account to a greater extent the characteristics of the national market. On the other hand, such a system leads to discrepancies in the practice of applying, in theory at least, uniform measures for the whole Union. Thus, even with the legal basis for independent and exclusive regulation of the export of dual-use products, the EU has faced with the unwillingness of Member States to adopt such restrictions and had to focus on coordinating the activities of Member States, leaving them with a considerable degree of independence and autonomy.
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Busiah, Kanetee, Aleksandr Peet, Gianluca Tornese, Naomi Weintrob, John Schulga, Rasha T. Hamza, Berthold Koletzko, Rob Ross Russell, Arthur Felice et Leena Patel. « The 2021 European Training Requirements in Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes ». Hormone Research in Paediatrics 94, no 11-12 (2021) : 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000520073.
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The aims of the 2021 European Training Requirements (ETR) in Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (PED) are to (1) provide standards to harmonize training programmes in PED between different European countries, (2) establish clearly defined standards of knowledge and skills required to practice PED at the tertiary care level, (3) foster the development of a network of competent tertiary care centres for PED in Europe and globally, and (4) improve the quality of care for children and adolescents requiring PED services. This ETR in PED specifies the requirements for training institutions, trainers, and trainees. It also provides the detailed syllabus/core content that trainees are expected to achieve in order to become competent independent clinicians in PED. References to consensus guidelines produced and/or endorsed by ESPE are included. The target users are trainees in PED, trainers, and all involved with quality assurance and accreditation. The process to develop and approve this 2021 ETR has been rigorous and involved trainees and consultants in paediatric and adult Endocrinology, ESPE (Syllabus Task Force, Education and Training Committee, Council), European Academy of Paediatrics (Tertiary Care Council, Assembly), European Board of Paediatrics, and Union of European Medical Specialists. Implementing the ETR will complement professional regulatory requirements for postgraduate training in PED in different countries and allow harmonizing standards across Europe. ETR is publicly available at www.eurospe.org/education/education-training-syllabus and at https://www.uems.eu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/133990/UEMS-2021.17-European-Training-Requirement-in-Paediatric-Endocrinology.pdf.
Thèses sur le sujet "Independent regulatory commissions – European Union countries"
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MATHIEU, Emmanuelle. « Networks, committees or agencies ? : coordination and expertise in the implementation of EU regulatory policies ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/33511.
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Defence date: 31 October 2014Examining Board: Professor Adrienne Héritier, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Laszlo Bruszt, European University Institute; Professor Renaud Dehousse, Sciences-Po Paris; Professor Mark Thatcher, London School of Economics.
In order to fill the 'EU regulatory gap' caused by the mismatch between the single market programme and the lack of EU regulatory capacity, a number of EU regulatory agents were created. Committees, networks and EU agencies mushroomed in order to fulfill different regulatory functions. The thesis aims at explaining the variation of these delegation patterns between sectors and over time. Combining an innovative and refined functional-institutionalist approach and power-distributional factors, the thesis first argues that the distribution of implementing competences has a crucial effect on the delegation pattern. While nationally based implementation would explain the establishment of EU regulatory networks, expert committees would be found where most implementing competences are in the hands of the Commission. Second, the gradual reinforcement of networks and committees up to their possible transformation into EU agencies is addressed by a dynamic relationship between functional and distributional forces unfolding over time through feedback loops. Keen on keeping their power, policy-makers set up weak agents before expanding their power at a later stage after realizing they lacked the means to achieve the policy objectives assigned to them. The empirical analysis, based on three case studies (the regulation of food safety, electricity and telecommunications) confirms and completes the conjectures by pointing at additional factors such as the presence of independent regulatory agencies at the national level, the technicality of the sector and sociological pressure. In addition to providing a wealth of new insights on regulatory delegation in the EU, the thesis offers a sophisticated adaptation of the principal-agent framework in multiple principals configurations and makes a strong case for refining the conceptualization of functional pressure and colouring the study of institutional choice, otherwise dominated by distributional and institutional factors, with a revamped functional approach.
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BARZANTI, Fabrizio. « Media pluralism and the European audiovisual space : the role and cooperation of independent regulatory authorities ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/40806.
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Defence date: 27 May 2015Examining Board: Professor Bruno de Witte (European University Institute, Supervisor); Professor Loïc Azoulai (European University Institute); Doctor Rachael Craufurd Smith (University of Edinburgh); Professor Roberto Mastroianni (Università di Napoli).
This thesis explores the legal and institutional settings that contribute to the creation of general preconditions for the freedom of expression and, primarily, genuine pluralism to prosper throughout the European audiovisual media space. Taking into account the intense legislative and judicial activity on audiovisual media matters in the European Union (EU) and bearing in mind the developments brought about by new digital communications and technological convergence, the analysis focuses on the institutional forms and modes of governance for the media that are apt to foster an effective and consistent supranational approach to the fundamental objective of media pluralism and the values it involves, considering notably the role and functioning of Independent Administrative Authorities (IAAs) for the media. To this end, the three Parts into which the Thesis is divided deal with, respectively: the notion of media pluralism and its employment in EU law, highlighting the limits of classical hard-law based approaches (Part I); an examination of the institutional features as well as the operation of three national IAAs for the media – namely, the French Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel (CSA), the UK Office of Communications (Ofcom) and the Italian Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni (AGCom) – selected as case studies to illustrate the role of these bodies in securing media pluralism (Part II); the investigation of EU action in setting the necessary institutional preconditions and some specific related requirements to guarantee attainment of this objective, also looking in some detail at the legislative developments that have occurred in comparable sectors, such as data protection legislation, equality law and electronic communication regulation, before considering the arrangements in place at the supranational level, as well as the incipient ones in the governance of audiovisual media (Part III).
Livres sur le sujet "Independent regulatory commissions – European Union countries"
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1960-, Robillard Serge, et European Institute for the Media., dir. Television in Europe : regulatory bodies : Status, functions and powers in 35 European countries. London : Libbey, 1995.
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Saerbeck, Barbara. Unabhängige europäische Regulierungsagenturen : Ihr Einflusspotenzial am Beispiel der Europäischen Umweltagentur. Springer VS, 2014.
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Saerbeck, Barbara. Unabhängige Europäische Regulierungsagenturen : Ihr Einflusspotenzial Am Beispiel der Europäischen Umweltagentur. Springer Vieweg. in Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, 2014.
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Ossege, Christoph. European Regulatory Agencies in EU Decision-Making : Between Expertise and Influence. imusti, 2016.
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Ossege, Christoph. European Regulatory Agencies in EU Decision-Making : Between Expertise and Influence. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2016.
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Ossege, Christoph. European Regulatory Agencies in EU Decision-Making : Between Expertise and Influence. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Independent regulatory commissions – European Union countries"
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Nagy, Csongor. « Common Commercial Policy and Member States’ Playing Fields ». Dans The Policies of the European Union from a Central European Perspective, 85–101. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.aojb.poeucep_4.
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This chapter analyzes the playing field afforded by the EU exclusive competence over commercial policy to the Member States to develop an independent policy in relations to extra-EU trade. First, the chapter pres- ents the primary elements of the EU’s ‘constitutional authorization.’ particularly regarding investments, where the EU is less omnicompetent. Second, the nature of international economic relations is presented. This section shows that the focus of international commercial policy shifted from traditional restrictions of trade to regulatory trade barriers. Third, the elements of the EU’s commercial policy and the Member States residual powers are presented to elucidate how the Member States may engage in commercial policy notwithstanding the exclusive EU competence. This section shows that, on the one hand, the margins of commercial policy are somewhat unclear, and, on the other hand, there are regulatory questions that are legally not part of the common commercial policy but do have an impact with trade with non-EU countries and, hence, giving a chance to Member States to develop an independent national policy toward extra-EU trade.
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West, Joel. « Institutional Constraints in the Initial Deployment of Cellular Telephone Service on Three Continents ». Dans Information Technology Standards and Standardization, 198–221. IGI Global, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-70-4.ch013.
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The influence of institutional pressures on standards and standardization are readily apparent in their most direct form. For example, in the mid-1990s, both the European Union and the United States issued new wireless communications licenses in the 1.8-2.0 GHz band: the EU countries mandated use of their decade-old communications standard, while the U.S. authorized three competing standards not yet widely used in the U.S. (Mehrotra, 1994). However, institutional pressures can also shape standardization efforts in a less direct fashion. For example, in a regulated industry such as telecommunications, existing economic and political institutions constrain the diffusion of a new technology. Such diffusion mediates the impact of product compatibility standards upon society. If producers adopt standards for their goods and services, and if users adopt the products that incorporate such standards, only then such standards can have an economic or social effect upon society at large. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of institutional pressures on diffusion of the innovation that incorporates a standard if we wish to explain the eventual success or failure of such a standard. Here a particular standards-based innovation, analog cellular telephone service, provides an opportunity to contrast the effects of institutions on diffusion and thus standardization. Over a four year period, three independent design centers deployed mutually incompatible standards in three continents. While the technical solutions were similar, differences in institutional context between the regions influenced both the nature of the respective standards and their corresponding diffusion. In particular, the systems were deployed in a period of shifting telecommunications competition policies and priorities for radio frequency allocation. Prior research has examined the causal links between standards and institutions, both the institutional context of standards development (e.g., Besen, 1990) and also how established standards themselves function as institutions (Kindleberger, 1983). But rarely do we have the opportunity to examine the diffusion of the same innovation in differing institutional contexts. This paper will focus on the most complex institutional context for the deployment of cellular telephone service, the United States, which despite having invented cellular technology, was the third region to deploy cellular service due to regulatory delays. The experience of Japan and Northern Europe are offered as contrasts to highlight the importance of the institutional context in the adoption of both standards and standardized products.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Independent regulatory commissions – European Union countries"
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Bie`th, Michel, et Hubert Schoels. « The TACIS Nuclear Programme : Assistance in Upgrading Russian Nuclear Power Stations —An Overview of the Individual Projects in the Internet ». Dans 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89635.
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The European Union’ TACIS programme has been established for the New Independent States (NIS), among them in the Russian Federation since 1991. One priority of TACIS funding is Nuclear Safety. The European Commission has made available a total of 944 Million € for nuclear safety programmes covering the period 1991–2003. The TACIS nuclear safety programme is devoted to the improvement of the safety of Soviet designed nuclear installations in providing technology and safety culture transfer. JRC is carrying out works in the following areas: • On-Site Assistance for TACIS operating Nuclear Power Plants; • Design Safety and Dissemination of TACIS results; • Reactor Pressure Vessel Embrittlement for VVER; • Regulatory Assistance; • Industrial Waste Management; • Nuclear Safeguards. All TACIS projects, dealing with these areas of activity are now available in so called Project Description Sheets (PDS) or Project Results Sheets (PRS) in the Internet for everybody. JRC has created in the Internet an easy to open and to browse database which contains the result of works in relation to the above mentioned nuclear activities. This presentation gives an on-line overview of the app. 430 projects which have been implemented so far since the outset of the TACIS Nuclear Progremme in the Russian Federation, which is representative to the other CIS countries, benefiting from the TACIS. The presentation will mainly consist of an on-line-demonstration of the TACIS Nuclear WEB Page, created by JRC.