Articles de revues : « Incineration bottom ash »

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Woo, Byeong-Hun, In-Kyu Jeon, Dong-Ho Yoo, Seong-Soo Kim, Jeong-Bae Lee et Hong-Gi Kim. « Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregate of Cement Mortars ». Sustainability 13, n^o 16 (6 août 2021) : 8832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168832.

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Incineration bottom ash is generated by the incineration of solid waste. Household solid waste is increasing every year and so is incineration bottom ash. This is a problem to treat the incineration bottom ash because the ash has many toxic components. Cement composites can solve this problem and there are many studies for using the bottom ash as fine aggregate. To evaluate the usage of incineration bottom ash, compressive strength, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy-backscatter electron, X-ray diffraction, and toxicity characteristic leaching processes were performed. When using incineration bottom ash up to 20% of substitution, the compressive strength in all cases was increased. This study showed how the filler effect appeared well in the cement composites through the scanning electron microscopy-backscatter electron, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. X-ray diffraction indicated the possibility of an alkali-silica reaction of the aggregate with the components of incineration bottom ash. This problem is an obstacle to applying the incineration bottom ash as a fine aggregate. In addition, the toxicity characteristic leaching process was shown to be under the threshold of the Korean standard, however, this should nuanced by the consideration of amorphity. Comprehensively, incineration bottom ash could be used as a fine aggregate of up to 20% of substitution. However, the pre-treatment would need to eliminate or reduce alkali reactive components and heavy metals.

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Zhang, Rui, et Tao Zhang. « Preliminary Research on Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Concrete ». Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (mai 2011) : 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1007.

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We use the bottom ash from Harbin Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant as concrete coarse aggregate and study the engineering properties of the coarse aggregate, failure mode of waste incineration bottom ash concrete, the relationship between compressive strength and bottom ash coarse aggregate replacement rate, water cement ratio, apparent density and development trend of compressive strength. Comparing with natural aggregates, the bottom ash has higher water absorption rate, lower apparent density and crushing value index. The failure mode of waste incineration bottom ash concrete is similar to ordinary concrete and the flat and elongated particles have effect on compressive strength. Bottom ash coarse aggregate replacement rate has different effects on compressive strength in different water cement ratio. Compressive strength of waste incineration bottom ash concrete has the same development trend with ordinary concrete. Compressive strength and apparent density has a linear relation.

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Nguyen, T. K. V., T. T. H. Doan, T. H. Cao et H. S. Pham. « A Study of State Parameters for Road Construction of MSWI Bottom Ash ». Engineering, Technology & ; Applied Science Research 11, n^o 5 (12 octobre 2021) : 7624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4370.

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The current work tries to valorize the bottom ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI). The bottom ash from waste incineration consists of atypical granular materials. They are industrial by-products resulting from the incineration of domestic waste and the way of the considered valorization is road gravel. In this paper, we present the state parameters of bottom ash taken from a recycling company in the North of France. These features can help us evaluate our bottom ash according to the technical guide of realization of embankments and subgrades.

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Adama, M., R. Esena, B. Fosu-Mensah et D. Yirenya-Tawiah. « Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils around a Hospital Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash Dumps Site ». Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2016 (2016) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8926453.

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Waste incineration is the main waste management strategy used in treating hospital waste in many developing countries. However, the release of dioxins, POPs, and heavy metals in fly and bottom ash poses environmental and public health concerns. To determine heavy metal (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ag) in levels in incinerator bottom ash and soils 100 m around the incinerator bottom ash dump site, ash samples and surrounding soil samples were collected at 20 m, 40 m, 60 m, 80 m, 100 m, and 1,200 m from incinerator. These were analyzed using the absorption spectrophotometer method. The geoaccumulation (Igeo) and pollution load indices (PLI) were used to assess the level of heavy metal contamination of surrounding soils. The study revealed high concentrations in mg/kg for, Zn (16417.69), Pb (143.80), Cr (99.30), and Cd (7.54) in bottom ash and these were above allowable limits for disposal in landfill. The study also found soils within 60 m radius of the incinerator to be polluted with the metals. It is recommended that health care waste managers be educated on the implication of improper management of incinerator bottom ash and regulators monitor hospital waste incinerator sites.

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Hsu, Hui Mi, Hao Hsien Chen, Sao Jeng Chao, An Cheng, Cheng Yang Wu et Chuan Tsung Ma. « A Study for Substituting Part of Raw Materials by Bottom Ash in Portland Cement ». Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (février 2011) : 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1017.

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The disposal and reuse of waste combustion residues has become a critical topic recently in view of the method of treating household wastes in a city, which has gradually changed to be incineration (major) and landfill (minor) in densely populated Taiwan, plus the difficulty of various wastes disposed by the Refuse Incineration Plant at Yilan County. To propose concrete recommendations as references for the local competent authorities’ policy for reuse of bottom ash, we researched and analyzed compositions of wastes and ingredients as well as leaching toxicity of bottom ash (accounting for 70% of waste combustion residues) which had been collected from the Li-Ze Incineration plant at Yilan, and transported bottom ash to a cement plant also at Yilan as an alternative material for Portland cement. The results in this study indicated quite a few products, with ingredients of bottom ash from an incineration plant, can be taken as principal compositions used in production of cement, and the capacity of bottom ash treated by the cement plant can be further expanded according to the quality of produced cement and bottom ash properly processed.

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Huang, Yucheng, Ji Chen, Shenjie Shi, Bin Li, Jialin Mo et Qiang Tang. « Mechanical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) Bottom Ash as Alternatives of Subgrade Materials ». Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (30 janvier 2020) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9254516.

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The rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, and population of the society augments the rising amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). With the advantage of considerably reducing mass and volume of solid wastes and generating energy, the incineration is a widely used treatment method for MSW. During the incineration process, the organic substances contained in the wastes are combusted, and the massive residues are remained. Of the incineration residues, bottom ash takes up to 80–90%, and the remainders are fly ash along with air pollution control residues. Dealing with the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash in a sustainable manner is the primary principle. Significantly, MSWI bottom ash has been successfully utilized in diverse beneficial applications in recent decades, especially in civil engineering applications. This paper investigates the mechanical properties and validity of MSWI bottom ash as applicable substitutes of conventional subgrade materials. For this reason, a series of direct shear and CBR tests are performed on specimens with different water contents and dry densities.

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Zhao, Xiao Li, et Wei Zhu. « Emission Characteristicsof of PCBs of Combustion of Sludge-Coal Water Slurry in Fluidized Bed ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (juillet 2013) : 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.382.

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Sludge-coal water slurry (SCWS) can be produced by mixing coal water slurry (CWS) with sewage sludge according to differenct ratio. This paper focuses on the combustive feasibility of SCWS in a commercial circulating fluidized bed, and on the emission characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in flue gas fly ash and bottom ash during combustion of SCWS. The results indicated that incineration can do very well with the temperature 1000 degree, sludge coal water slurry (SCWS) can be effective in improving sludge incineration rate, if the proportion of sludge is 20%~30%,amounts of PCBs is relatively small in flue gas fly ash and bottom ash. So the best burning rate is 20%-30%. Although incineration flue gas fly ash and bottom ash emission standard don't have PCBs regulations, but since PCBs are toxic organic pollutants, it should be strictly regulated.

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Leu, Jai Houng, Li Fong Wu et Ay Su. « Manufacture of Non-Toxic Lava from Recovery of the Incineration Ash by Plasma Fusing Technology ». Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (février 2011) : 2365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2365.

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This research investigated and explored the overall technical and legal suggestions on mixed ash (bottom ash + fly ash) from the first BOT(built-operation then transfer) incineration plant in south Taoyuan of Taiwan, with the hope of serving as the reference for treating ash from urban refuse incinerator and making sustainable operation management policies in Taiwan. Both bottom ash and fly ash contain high-content harmful metals like lead, chrome, and cadmium, with the lead content exceeding standard value. Plasma fusing technology may effectively settle toxic heavy metals and reduce their dissolution rate. The results show that the increase in percentage of bottom ash could maintain post-fusing strength and produce solidification effect, but this reduced the stability of toxic heavy metals and raised their dissolution rate. Suitable mixture ratio of bottom ash and fly ash was 2:1, volume reduction ratio 0.349, and weight reduction ratio 0.4936. The mixture was fulvous and dense with gloss and adequate strength. The dissolution test of lava products complied with national standards, and they might be used for recycling aggregates and solidifying cement.

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Melese, Damtew Tsige. « Utilization of Waste Incineration Bottom Ash to Enhance Engineering Properties of Expansive Subgrade Soils ». Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (6 décembre 2022) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7716921.

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Expansive soils are a type of soil that exhibits the ability to swell and shrink with the variation of moisture content. Lightweight structures such as pavements, sidewalks, and driveways face failures due to the swelling and shrinkage behavior of expansive soils. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of waste incineration bottom ash on the engineering properties of expansive subgrade soils. To investigate the waste incineration bottom ash, tests such as specific gravity, Atterberg limit, free swell test, compaction characteristics, unconfined compression strength, and Californian bearing ratio (CBR) were conducted. The soil was stabilized by waste incineration bottom ash with proportions of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by dry weight. From the laboratory test results, the soil under this category has poor engineering properties which include high plastic index, high free swell index, low UCS, and low CBR. The performance of soil improved as waste incineration bottom ash content increased with respect to curing time. The curing time of the sample has a significant effect on the performance of the weak subgrade soil.

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Almeida, Filipe, José Ricardo Carneiro et Maria de Lurdes Lopes. « Use of Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Recycled Aggregate in Contact with Nonwoven Geotextiles : Evaluation of Mechanical Damage Upon Installation ». Sustainability 12, n^o 21 (3 novembre 2020) : 9156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219156.

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The recycling and reuse of materials is crucial to reducing the amount of generated waste and the exploitation of natural resources, contributing to achieving environmental sustainability. During the incineration process of municipal solid waste, a residue known as incinerator bottom ash is generated in considerable amounts, being important the development of solutions for its valorization. In this work, three nonwoven geotextiles were submitted to mechanical damage under repeated loading tests with incinerator bottom ash and, for comparison purposes, with three natural aggregates (sand 0/4, gravel 4/8 and tout-venant) and a standard aggregate (corundum). Damage assessment was carried out by monitoring the changes that occurred in the short-term tensile and puncture behaviors of the geotextiles. Results showed that the damage induced by incinerator bottom ash on the short-term mechanical behavior of the geotextiles tended to be lower than the damage induced by the natural aggregates or by the standard aggregate. Therefore, concerning the mechanical damage caused on geotextiles, there are good prospects for the use of incinerator bottom ash as a filling material in contact with those construction materials, thereby promoting its valorization.

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Pundinaitė-Barsteigienė, Milda, Darius Bačinskas, Edmundas Spudulis et Deividas Rumšys. « MSWI Bottom Ash Utilization in Concrete Mixes ». Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, n^o 5 (27 décembre 2017) : 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1081.

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In recent years, along with the global development of the Circular Economy concept and in order to minimise the quantity of waste disposed, waste recovery and reuse of recovered materials as raw materials in various industries while preserving the natural resources is strongly encouraged. One of the strands in development of these trends is the reuse of slag (bottom ash) produced from municipal waste incineration in concrete mixes. The article gives a brief overview of the possibilities for the use of slag produced during the municipal waste incineration for the formation of concrete mixes. A brief overview of global experience in this area has been provided. The technological process of waste incineration in Lithuania and the chemical composition of the resulting ash have been described in general terms. The results of preliminary tests of concrete mixes with bottom ash performed at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University have been presented. The tests performed show that a properly selected content of bottom ash can be used as a substitute for fine aggregates in concrete mixes. The initial results give impetus to further research in the field of application of secondary raw materials for concrete mixes.

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Shinohara, Koichi, Daisuke Kono, Masayoshi Minakami, Tatsuya Kawajiri, Shuji Hironaka et Jun Fukai. « Stable Operation of Rotary Stoker Furnace for Industrial Waste ». MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021) : 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133303003.

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Incineration is one of the most common methods for the treatment of industrial waste. Large amounts of bottom ash are buried without being reused. By reducing components such as toxic metals contained in bottom ash under suitable incineration conditions, landfill waste can be reduced, and re-use of bottom ash can be increased. In this study, effects of the air supplied to the bottom of a commercialy used rotary stoker furnace was investigated as the first step to improve incineration conditions. Bottom ash content must be controlled against various types of industrial waste whose content changes from day to day. The characteristics of industrial waste containing typical components were numerically investigated using a combustion simulation program. It was found that if the primary air used for combustion is not preheated, auxiliary fuel is required to burn waste. Preheated primary air increases the drying rate of the input material, and allows burning of waste without auxiliary fuel. At the furnace, components and calorific values of input raw material are controlled by mixing different types of waste together. Preheated primary air enables reduction of bottom ash, reduction of auxiliary fuel consumption, and stabilization of furnace operation.

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Shinohara, Koichi, Daisuke Kono, Masayoshi Minakami, Tatsuya Kawajiri, Shuji Hironaka et Jun Fukai. « Stable Operation of Rotary Stoker Furnace for Industrial Waste ». MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021) : 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133303003.

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Incineration is one of the most common methods for the treatment of industrial waste. Large amounts of bottom ash are buried without being reused. By reducing components such as toxic metals contained in bottom ash under suitable incineration conditions, landfill waste can be reduced, and re-use of bottom ash can be increased. In this study, effects of the air supplied to the bottom of a commercialy used rotary stoker furnace was investigated as the first step to improve incineration conditions. Bottom ash content must be controlled against various types of industrial waste whose content changes from day to day. The characteristics of industrial waste containing typical components were numerically investigated using a combustion simulation program. It was found that if the primary air used for combustion is not preheated, auxiliary fuel is required to burn waste. Preheated primary air increases the drying rate of the input material, and allows burning of waste without auxiliary fuel. At the furnace, components and calorific values of input raw material are controlled by mixing different types of waste together. Preheated primary air enables reduction of bottom ash, reduction of auxiliary fuel consumption, and stabilization of furnace operation.

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Kyomba, Gabriel Kalombe, Joêl Nkiama Numbi Konde, Diafuka Saila-Ngita, Thomas Kuanda Solo et Guillaume Mbela Kiyombo. « Assessing the management of healthcare waste for disease prevention and environment protection at selected hospitals in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo ». Waste Management & ; Research : The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, n^o 10 (27 septembre 2021) : 1237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x211048132.

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Incineration is the most used healthcare waste (HCW) disposal method. Disease outbreaks due to Ebola virus and SARS-CoV2 require attention to HCW management to avoid pathogens spread and spillover. This study describes HCW management prior to incineration and hospital incinerators performance by analysing bottom ashes from hospitals in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. We used semi-structured interviews to capture information on pre-incineration waste management and analysed the chemical composition of 27 samples of incinerator bottom ashes using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Neither sorting nor waste management measures were applied at hospitals surveyed. Incinerator operators were poorly equipped and their knowledge was limited. The bottom ash concentrations of cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead ranged between 0.61–10.44, 40.15–737.01, 9.11–97.55 and 16.37–240.03 mg kg−1, respectively. Compared to Chinese incinerator performance, the concentrations of some elements were found to be lower than those from China. This discrepancy may be explained by the difference in the composition of HCW. The authors conclude that health care waste in Kinshasa hospitals is poorly managed, higher concentrations of heavy metals are found in incinerator bottom ashes and the incinerators quality is poor. They recommend the strict application of infection prevention control measures, the training of incinerator operators and the use of high-performance incinerators.

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Jeong, Sangjae, Taeho Lee, Se Jeong Lim, Young-Kwon Park, Seungdo Kim et Young-Min Kim. « In-Situ Catalytic Gasification of Rice Hull Using Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash ». Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2021) : 3764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19195.

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The demand for alternative energy is increasing rapidly because of global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels. Gasification is a technology that produces gaseous fuels through the incomplete combustion of waste or biomass. The introduction of a catalyst during gasification may increase the production of H2 and reduce tar formation. In this study, the catalytic gasification of rice hulls was carried out using a fluidized gasifier. To improve the gas yield and reduce tar, municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (IBA) having nanoporosity was introduced as a substitute for the fluidized bed material. Gasification was carried out at 800 °C, and the flow materials were silica sand, dolomite, and incineration bottom ash. The equivalence ratio, which is the ratio of oxygen supplied to oxygen required for complete combustion, was set to 0.3. The application of alternate fluidized bed materials (dolomite and incineration bottom ash) was effective in improving the hydrogen yield and tar reduction. This was attributed to the high Ca and Mg contents in dolomite and incineration bottom ash. Therefore, it is expected that IBA can be utilized as a catalytic fluidized bed material to replace silica sand.

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Vaičienė, Marija, et Elvinas Simanavičius. « The Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash on the Properties and Durability of Cement Concrete ». Materials 15, n^o 13 (25 juin 2022) : 4486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134486.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash from a cogeneration plant on the physical and mechanical properties and durability of cement concrete. Part of the cement in concrete mixtures tested was replaced with 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. Concrete modified with 6% of bottom ash had a higher density (2323 kg/m3), compressive strength at 28 days (36.1 MPa), ultrasonic pulse velocity (3980 m/s), and lower water absorption rate (3.93%). The tests revealed that frost resistance, determined in all-sided testing directions, of concrete modified with 6%, 9%, and 12% of bottom ash added by weight of cement corresponds to strength grade F100. Such concrete can be used in construction works.

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Lu, Yong, Angran Tian, Junhui Zhang, Yongsheng Tang, Peixin Shi, Qiang Tang et Yucheng Huang. « Physical and Chemical Properties, Pretreatment, and Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash and Bottom Ash for Highway Engineering : A Literature Review ». Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (9 décembre 2020) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8886134.

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has been widely used due to its benefits in reducing waste and recovering energy. However, MSWI fly ash and bottom ash are increasing rapidly, causing harm to human health and the environment. This paper discussed the production process, physical and chemical properties, leaching properties, pretreatment methods, and applications of fly ash and bottom ash. By summarizing the previous literature, it is found that MSWI fly ash and bottom ash have mechanical properties similar to natural aggregate. Many beneficial attempts have been made in cement concrete aggregates, ceramic raw materials, and highway engineering materials. Due to concerns about the leaching of heavy metals in fly ash, its application in highway engineering is limited. The application of bottom ash in asphalt pavement is rare because of the side effect on the performance of asphalt mixture. Considering the solidification effect of cement on heavy metals and the low cost of fly ash and bottom ash, the application in cement-stabilized macadam base has broad application prospects. This is beneficial to reduce the construction cost and promote the process of waste incineration, especially in developing countries.

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Phan, V. T., et T. T. H. Nguyen. « Elastic and Deformation Characteristics of MSWI Bottom Ash for Road Construction ». Engineering, Technology & ; Applied Science Research 10, n^o 6 (20 décembre 2020) : 6389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3817.

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Bottom ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) is a typical granular material resulting from the incineration of domestic waste. It is mainly used in road engineering substituting traditional natural aggregates. As the characterization of the mechanical behavior is essential, the work presented in this paper pursues the study of the elastic and deformation characteristics of bottom ash, in particular Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. From the consolidated-drained triaxial test data, it was possible to extract fundamental material parameters about the samples, including their Young’s modulus E0.2 and E50, its Poisson’s ratio ν, and its maximum deviatoric stress peak. These parameters were then used in computer models to predict how the bottom ash will behave in a larger-scale engineering application. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of bottom ash related to road construction’s loading condition, especially the secant modulus, was detailed.

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Che Amat, Roshazita, Khairul Nizar Ismail, Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim, Rohaya Abdul Malek et Khairel Rafezi Ahmad. « Use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash and Rice Husk Ash as Blended Cement ». Key Engineering Materials 908 (28 janvier 2022) : 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-wv3hqs.

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The issue related to disposing the waste material from the industries becomes one of a major problem to the environmental, economic, and social issue. However, natural resources consume worldwide, while at the same time increased amount and type of waste material has resulted in a waste disposal crisis with a growing consumer population. In this project, Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) by-product which is bottom ash and rice husk ash were used as blended cement. This research paper is prepared to investigate the utilization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash in blended cement and designed for the strength of 15 MPa at 28 days will be evaluated for its early-stage properties. Rice husk ash is used to reduce the amount of cement in mortar and it helps to increase the durability of mortar while keeping up consistent workability. The percentage of replacement in cement is by 0% (control), (5% rice husk ash + 10% bottom ash), (10% rice husk ash + 10% bottom ash), and (15% rice husk ash + 10% bottom ash) The result of this research indicates that 5% of replacement of rice husk ash with 10% of bottom ash shows highest compressive strength with 17.79 MPa with density 2080 kg/mɜ and water absorption of 5.18% at 28 days. This study proved that the addition of bottom ash can increase the durability, workability, and strength of mortar containing rice husk ash as a replacement for cement.

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Nonthathi, Wanida, Chiraporn Auechalitanukul et Ryan C. McCuiston. « Comparison of the Properties of Glasses Made from Two Different Bottom Ashes ». Key Engineering Materials 766 (avril 2018) : 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.133.

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Bottom ash is a waste byproduct generated from the combustion or incineration of materials such as coal and household waste. It is a mixed oxide powder of variable composition, though typically high in silica. As a low-cost, readily available material, it has found applications primarily in construction for use as backfill. As a silica-rich, mixed oxide powder though, it may also have glass forming ability. This research studied the possibility to use domestically produced bottom ash powder in glass making. Two bottom ash powders were used, one from a waste incinerator (Phuket) and the other from a coal-fired electric plant (Mae Moh Power Plant, Lampang). The bottom ash was milled into a fine powder and melted within the temperature range of 1300-1500 oC, for 2 hours. The melts were cast in a brass mold and then annealed at 500 oC for 2 hours. It was found that both bottom ashes could successfully produce glasses. The Vickers hardness, refractive index and specific gravity of the glasses will be discussed.

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Jing, Zhenzi, Norihisa Matsuoka, Fangming Jin, Toshiyuki Hashida et Nakamichi Yamasaki. « Municipal incineration bottom ash treatment using hydrothermal solidification ». Waste Management 27, n^o 2 (janvier 2007) : 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.01.015.

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Tsai, Chi-Hung, Yun-Hwei Shen et Wen-Tien Tsai. « Analysis of Current Status and Regulatory Promotion for Incineration Bottom Ash Recycling in Taiwan ». Resources 9, n^o 10 (29 septembre 2020) : 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9100117.

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Incineration is the most important technology for treating municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial waste in Taiwan. Currently, there are 24 large-scale MSW incineration plants operated to generate about 1.2 million metric tons of residual ash (mostly bottom ash) based on approximately 6.5 million metric tons of waste incinerated yearly. To reduce the depletion of non-renewable resources under the circular economy principle, the recycling of MSW incineration bottom ash (IBA) as recycled aggregate in concrete and construction applications has been progressed in recent years around the world. According to the official database, the trend analysis of MSW generation and treatment, electricity power and IBA generation from the MSW incineration plants over the past decade (2010–2019) was performed in this work. It showed an increased power generation, growing from 0.485 kWh/kg in 2010 to 0.530 kWh/kg in 2019. In 2019, 2738 GWh of power was sold to Taipower (one of the state-owned companies in Taiwan) for electricity grid connection, gaining income of about NT$ 5,089,383,000 (≈US$ 172,520,000) at an average rate of 1.86 NT$/kWh (0.063 US$/kWh). On the other hand, the ratios of incineration bottom ash (IBA) generation to refuse incinerated indicated a decreasing trend due to the increased operation efficiencies of MSW incineration plants. Based on the revised regulations implemented on 18 May 2020, the regulatory measures for promoting IBA recycling in Taiwan were promulgated to valorize it for the production of recycled aggregate under rigorous requirements for prevent it from polluting the environment.

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Matsumoto, Takahiko, Hiroyuki Matsuura et Fumitaka Tsukihashi. « Oxidation and Evaporation Behaviors of Cr, Cu and As During Incineration of Wood Treated by Chromated Copper Arsenate Preservative ». High Temperature Materials and Processes 31, n^o 4-5 (30 octobre 2012) : 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0093.

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AbstractWoody materials treated by chromated copper arsenate (CCA) preservative containing copper, chromium and arsenic had been widely used, and thus it is anticipated that a lot of wood waste treated by CCA will be generated as the industrial waste in the future. The environmental pollution by the released heavy metals becomes a serious problem when the wood treated by CCA was incinerated inadequately. There needs the investigation for the behaviors of heavy metals during incineration of wood treated by CCA.The wood sample treated by CCA was incinerated at temperature range between 873 and 1673 K with the oxygen partial pressure between 0.21 and 0.40 atm completely. The proportion of evaporated arsenic increased with increasing temperature and most of arsenic evaporated at about 1600 K. It was suggested that arsenic evaporated as As2O3 or As4O6 during the incineration. On the other hand, most of copper and chromium remained in the bottom ash. The evaporation behaviors of arsenic largely depended on the incineration temperature, while the effects of the oxygen partial pressure of inlet gas and gas flow rate on those were small. Powder XRD analysis of bottom ash revealed that copper and chromium existed as CuCr2O4 and CuCrO2. CuCr2O4 was mainly contained in the bottom ash incinerated at temperature below 1273 K, whereas the ratio of CuCrO2 increased with increasing incineration temperature above 1273 K. Therefore, most of copper and chromium were bivalent and trivalent, respectively, in the bottom ash, and some copper was converted to a monovalent over 1273 K. Almost all arsenic was contained as pentavalent Cu3(AsO4)2, and arsenic was not identified in bottom ash incinerated at temperature above 1273 K.

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Che Amat, Roshazita, Khairul Nizar Ismail, Khairel Rafezi Ahmad et Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim. « Effects of Metakoalin on Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash-Cement Composite ». Materials Science Forum 1010 (septembre 2020) : 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.653.

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Municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) produce by products which can be classified as bottom and fly ashes. The bottom ash accounts for 85-90 % of solid product resulting from MSW combustion. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as a supplementary cementations material for the preparation of blended cement. The used of bottom ash as a research material is caused by substances contained in cement is almost the same with bottom ash. Bottom ash was found to have some reactivity, but without greatly affecting the hydration process of OPC at 10 % replacement with 10% metakaolin is required to be used in the production of concrete in order to improve strength.

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Ahn, Ji Whan, Hee Chan Cho, Kwang Suk You, Gi Chun Han et Nam Il Um. « Characteristic of Carbonation Reaction from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Function of Water Content and their Effect on the Stabilization of Copper and Lead ». Materials Science Forum 544-545 (mai 2007) : 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.533.

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Most carbonation processes utilizing municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash characteristically involve a high water content (over 100%). In this work, we developed an improved carbonation process, utilizing various water contents. In addition, we investigated the characteristics of a carbonation reaction using municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash as a function of water content and their effects on the stabilization of copper and lead. As a result of such a carbonation reaction, the effect on the stabilization of heavy metals can be obtained. Due to this, the leaching concentrations of these were reduced. In a high water content, calcium aluminum compounds via carbonation reaction adsorbed Cu and Pb ions. Where a low water content (especially 30%) is present, particle surfaces are surrounded by calcium aluminum compounds of bottom ash as a result of the carbonation process. The leaching concentration of Cu and Pb were decreased through the carbonation process.

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Valenti, Michael. « Trash, Heat, and Ash ». Mechanical Engineering 121, n^o 08 (1 août 1999) : 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-aug-1.

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This article highlights about process of incineration that offers French municipalities a number of advantages. First, it reduces the volume of solid waste to a fraction of its bulk. A metric ton of household waste leaves about 250 kg of bottom ashes and 30 to 50 kg of fly ash. This is an important consideration in France, which has much less landfill space than New World giants such as the United States or Canada. Combustion also sanitizes by destroying any microbes present, and the heat produced by the waste furnace can generate steam or hot water to heat residences, supply factories, or generate electricity in a turbine. Two popular French waste incinerator designs are rolling hearth and inclined grate furnaces. The former type contains a sloping series of rollers turned continuously by motor. As fuel slides down the rollers from top to bottom, solid residues drop out. Electricite de France is researching several ways of reducing the costs of vitrification. In laboratories near Fontainebleau, fly ash is fed into an electric arc furnace equipped with a graphite electrode.

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Keber, Sebastian, Thomas Schirmer, Tobias Elwert et Daniel Goldmann. « Characterization of Fine Fractions from the Processing of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ashes for the Potential Recovery of Valuable Metals ». Minerals 10, n^o 10 (23 septembre 2020) : 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100838.

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Municipal waste incinerator bottom ashes contain copper contents comparable to those of low-grade ores in addition to other valuable metals. While the processing of coarse fractions (>2 mm) is state of the art, the fines with their residual metal content are landfilled. This paper presents the results from a mineralogical characterization of fine fractions from the processing of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashes. From the results, possible approaches for a recovery of copper from the fine fraction are derived. Spatially resolved phase analysis reveals that the material contains a very heterogenic mixture of naturally occurring compounds as well as particles of alloys, metals, artificial oxides, and sulfides. The most interesting element to recover is copper. Copper can be found in the form of alloys, simple sulfides (XS), and oxides (XO). During the incineration process, new phases are generated that differ from natural ones and therefore can be called artificial minerals. Additionally, several components are partially altered due to oxidation, especially after the prolonged outside storage of the bottom ash. Crystalline silicate and glass particles are only sporadically enriched in Cu. Based on these results, different processing techniques are discussed. Due to the small particle size distribution and the physical and physico-chemical properties of the particles, flotation seems to be the most promising technique for the enrichment of copper from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) fine fractions.

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Wielgosiński, Grzegorz, Dorota Wasiak et Alicja Zawadzka. « The Use of Sequential Extraction for Assessing Environmental Risks of Waste Incineration Bottom Ash/Wykorzystanie Ekstrakcji Sekwencyjnej Do Oceny Zagrożeń Dla Środowiska Powodowanych Przez Żużle I Popioły Z ». Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2014) : 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0030.

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Abstract Thermal treatment of waste is one of the ways of their processing. It is commonly used in most developed countries of the European Union. Major by-products of the combustion processes are slag and bottom ash. In the majority of EU countries bottom ash and slag are used as a priming for road construction. In Poland slag and bottom ash from incineration process are stabilized with the addition of cement and some polymers and are landfilled as wastes. In accordance to Polish law, depending on the leaching of heavy metals from fly ash and slag after thermal treatment of waste can be regarded as both hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. At present work sequential extraction methods described in the literature: Tessier’s method, van Herck’s method and BCR method were compared experimentally with the results of using Swiss standard TVA.SA.1991 and European standard EN 12457 and total concentration of metals in sample analyzed after complete digestion of sample. The study sample was bottom ash from the medical waste incineration plant.

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Kasuriya, Supawan, Sirithan Jiemsirilers et Parjaree Thavorniti. « Effect of MSW Incineration Bottom Ash in Clay Based Ceramics ». Materials Science Forum 569 (janvier 2008) : 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.569.205.

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The clay-based ceramic was produced by adding with the bottom ash from domestic municipal solid waste incinerator plant in Thailand. The amount of the ash up to 60 wt% was added. The samples were dry pressed and sintered at the temperature range between 1000 and 1125°C. The presence of quartz (SiO2), anorthite sodian (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8, albite (Na(Si3Al)O8) and mullite (Al6Si2O13) was observed in the sample with the addition of the bottom ash. The physical and mechanical properties were also presented. The sintering temperature and the ash addition revealed the effect on the properties of the product.

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Xiao, Heng Lin, Jing Zhu, Jun He et Hong Wang. « Resources Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash ». Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (mai 2012) : 3463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3463.

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Incineration is an effective way for amega-city to dispose of its substantial Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) in China. But more than 20% of the waste (by weight) will retain in combustor ash, producing a great amount of ash. How to deal with the incineration ash has become a critical problem to the city developing. By the simple analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the ash, and to basis of the beneficial use of municipal waste combustion ash in some countries, the ways of the resource utilization of the bottom ash mainly are discussed in the paper. In addition, engineering and environmental requirements for ash utilization are also analyzed.

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Zhang, Rui Jing, et Yan Jun Hu. « Feasibility of Reutilizing Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues as Construction Materials ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (avril 2012) : 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.289.

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Abstract: The presented study mainly focused on investigating detailed engineering properties of municipal solid waste incineration residues as road construction materials with different application classes. Also, the leachability of heavy metals and salts in the residues as a function of the ratio of liquid and solid was tested. The Chinese specifications about road construction materials were employed to evaluate the application capacity of the waste incineration residues. The obtained results indicate that bottom ash basically complies with the technical requirements for road base and sub-base materials with exception of the low compataclity and high organic content of the fine fraction. The toxicity test showed that bottom ash can satisfy the limit values of heavy metals and salts that was established by Chinese specification for hazard solid waste. For the application of the ash in road base, it should be mixed with other materials to improve the compataclity. Pretreatment of fine fraction of bottom ash to remove organic matter is necessary.

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Ogeleka, Doris F., Harrison E. Avrukpere, Elias E. Elemike, Oghenekohwiroro Edjere et Iwekumo E. Agbozu. « Removal of Some Heavy Metals from Incinerator Bottom Ash Using Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Husk ». International Journal of Chemistry 8, n^o 4 (28 septembre 2016) : 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v8n4p69.

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<p>There has been a great limitation to the use of incinerator bottom ash (IBA) residue in the construction and manufacturing industries due to the high contents of heavy metals, which poses great threat to the environment and human health. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cd and Pb) removal from domestic IBA filtrate using a biological material coconut (<em>Cocos nucifera</em>) husk as adsorbent and to remove the metals from the ash residue using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The mean percentage removal of the heavy metals for the incinerator bottom ash (IBA) filtrate varied from 75.84 - 99.42% for the two ash types. Similarly, the percentage removal of metals from the ash residues was between 92.34 and 99.97%. The data from this study showed that after the treatment, the heavy metals in the ash filtrate and residue were significantly reduced. Thus, it would be feasible to use the IBA residue as a partial replacement of cement in the construction and manufacturing industries for making monolithic blocks, interlocking bricks, concretes and road construction materials. This would help improve and provide good and effective waste management practice that would reduce the huge volume of ash residue from incineration combustion processes.</p>

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Reiterman, Pavel, Ondřej Holčapek, Aneta Krausová, Michal Šyc et Martin Keppert. « High-Volume Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Concrete ». Key Engineering Materials 722 (décembre 2016) : 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.181.

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About 50 % of Municipal Solid Waste is incinerated (MSWI) in Europe what represent ca. 50 Mt/a of MSWI bottom ash (BA). Bottom ash contains several marketable components (iron scrap, non-ferrous metals, glass) which can by separated from the main BA stream and placed on the market with secondary sources. The resting material is, by its composition and properties, similar to natural aggregates and can be used in this way. The influence of metals separation form BA on its behavior in concrete was tested by using BA from Praha Malešice Waste-to-Energy plant. particle size fractions 4/8 and 8/16 mm of this BA can be used as aggregates in concrete up to 50 vol. % of given fraction without any significant loss of concrete strength. The combination of valuable component separation form BA and recycling of the rest portion as aggregates feature promising way of BA management reducing the amount of BA to be landfilled to minimum.

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Yanjun Hu et Peter Rem. « Aluminium alloys in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash ». Waste Management & ; Research 27, n^o 3 (mai 2009) : 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x08095564.

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Huber, Florian. « Modelling of material recovery from waste incineration bottom ash ». Waste Management 105 (mars 2020) : 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.034.

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Weng, Meng-Chia, Min-Hao Wu, Chiou-Liang Lin, Da-Ken Syue et Ching Hung. « Long-term mechanical stability of cemented incineration bottom ash ». Construction and Building Materials 93 (septembre 2015) : 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.039.

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Liu, Yiquan, Kevindev Singh Sidhu, Zhitao Chen et En-Hua Yang. « Alkali-treated incineration bottom ash as supplementary cementitious materials ». Construction and Building Materials 179 (août 2018) : 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.231.

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Muchova, Lenka, Erwin Bakker et Peter Rem. « Precious Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash ». Water, Air, & ; Soil Pollution : Focus 9, n^o 1-2 (5 décembre 2008) : 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11267-008-9191-9.

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Zhang, Hai Ying, Yi Zheng, Hong Tao Hu et Jing Yu Qi. « Use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash in Adsorption of Heavy Metals ». Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (avril 2011) : 1099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1099.

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Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has been previously suggested as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals from wastewater due to its high porosity and large surface area. In this study the adsorption characteristics of heavy metals were investigated using various particle sizes of MSWI bottom ash. The adsorption experiment was conducted using synthetic wastewater containing Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd as a function of residence time, initial pH, ash dosage and particle size, respectively. The adsorption rate increased with decreasing particle size and with increasing residence time. Through the above analysis, this work proved that bottom ash was effective in adsorbing the four heavy metals.

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Mantovani, Luciana, Mario Tribaudino, Chiara De Matteis et Valerio Funari. « Particle Size and Potential Toxic Element Speciation in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash ». Sustainability 13, n^o 4 (10 février 2021) : 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041911.

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The speciation of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in bottom ashes from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and their relationship with grain size is investigated. The proposed enrichment of several potential toxic elements in lower sized grains is discussed, comparing the literature and new data on Parma’s waste incinerator. Results from X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), SEM-EDS, and XRD analyses on different grain size show (1) a positive Si-trend, correlated with grain size and few lithophile elements, such as Zr and Rb. In Parma, Al, K, Mg, and Fe also correlate with Si for the portion below 2 mm; (2) a Ca-trend, with a strong negative correlation with Si and a positive correlation with loss on ignition (LOI), S, Cl, Ti, Zn, Pb, and Sn. Mineralogical composition shows a little change in grain size, as in previous investigations, but with substantial differences in amorphous content. SEM-EDS analysis shows that the amorphous portion is highly heterogeneous, with portions coming from melting during incineration, residual glass, and unburnt loss on ignition (LOI). The above results show that PTE elements are either present as metals (such as Cu and Ni, or Zn, Pb and Sn) in carbonate, sulfate, and amorphous residual LOI portions.

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Inkaew, Kanawut, Amirhomayoun Saffarzadeh et Takayuki Shimaoka. « Characterization of Residues Involved in the Ash Quenching System : A Material Recycling Perspective ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (juin 2017) : 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.112.

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The Ash Quenching System has been widely used in the municipal solid waste incineration plant to cool down the bottom ash and to control the dust pollution. In this study, residues that were transferred to the ash quenching system, including the grate siftings and the unquenched bottom ash were investigated, as well as, the quenched bottom ash from the discharge point of the system. The characterization included particle size distribution analysis, chemical composition and mineralogical composition analyses. The results showed that the grate siftings, the unquenched bottom ash and the quenched bottom ash were made up of different proportions of slag, relic metal, glass, ceramics and unburnt organic matter. All residues resembled to natural sand and fine aggregates with content of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 of about 37-52%, 17-28%, 10-16%, and 4-13% by mass, respectively. The quenched bottom ash had the potential to be used as a raw material for the engineering applications such as road construction and cement production likewise grate siftings and the unquenched ash. However, the grate siftings and the unquenched bottom ash contained Cl up to 2.3 % by mass, and the quenched bottom ash was essentially dominated by hydrate phases such as Friedel’s salt/hydrocalumite, thus further treatment is significantly required prior to any applications.

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Biganzoli, Laura, et Mario Grosso. « Aluminium recovery from waste incineration bottom ash, andits oxidation level ». Waste Management & ; Research 31, n^o 9 (5 juillet 2013) : 954–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x13493956.

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Zhang, Shuo, Jan-Dirk Herbell et Birgit Gaye-Haake. « Biodegradable organic matter in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash ». Waste Management 24, n^o 7 (janvier 2004) : 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.03.009.

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Kowalski, Piotr Rafał, Monika Kasina et Marek Michalik. « Metallic Elements Occurrences in The Municipal Waste Incineration Bottom Ash ». Energy Procedia 125 (septembre 2017) : 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.060.

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Phoungthong, Khamphe, Yi Xia, Hua Zhang, Liming Shao et Pinjing He. « Leaching toxicity characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash ». Frontiers of Environmental Science & ; Engineering 10, n^o 2 (29 septembre 2015) : 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-015-0819-5.

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Møller, Hans. « Sampling of heterogeneous bottom ash from municipal waste-incineration plants ». Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 74, n^o 1 (novembre 2004) : 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.03.016.

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Jadhav, Umesh U., Basanta Kumar Biswal, Zhitao Chen, En-Hua Yang et Hong Hocheng. « Leaching of Metals from Incineration Bottom Ash Using Organic Acid ». Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 4, n^o 1 (8 février 2018) : 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-018-0161-9.

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Oischinger, Jürgen, Martin Meiller, Robert Daschner, Andreas Hornung et Ragnar Warnecke. « Fate of nano titanium dioxide during combustion of engineered nanomaterial-containing waste in a municipal solid waste incineration plant ». Waste Management & ; Research 37, n^o 10 (26 juillet 2019) : 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19862603.

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The market for products containing engineered nanomaterial (ENM) is constantly expanding. At the end of their lifecycle, a significant fraction of the products will be disposed as ENM-containing waste in thermal treatment plants. Up to now there are still uncertainties on the fate and behaviour of ENM during waste incineration. In our investigations, nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) was selected as an example for ENM, because of its high amount in consumer products and its relevance to the ENM-containing waste stream. Two test series were conducted at the municipal solid waste incineration plant “Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt”. For each test series, background concentrations of titanium were measured first. Samples of bottom ash, bottom ash extractor water, fly ash (boiler ash, cyclone ash), flue gas cleaning products (spray absorber ash, fabric filter ash) and washing water from the wet scrubber were taken in order to determine the fate of nTiO2. The flue gas was sampled at three points: after boiler, after cyclone and before stack. The experiments showed that most of the used reference material was located in the solid residues (i.e. bottom ash) while a smaller part was detected in the products of the flue gas cleaning. In the purified flue gas before the stack, the concentration was negligible. The flue gas cleaning system at the Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt complies with the requirements of the best available techniques and the results cannot be transferred to plants with lower standards.

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Wang, Xin Ye, Ya Ji Huang, Zhao Ping Zhong, Yong Xing Wang et Liang Liang Xu. « In Furnace Capture of Heavy Metals by Sorbents during Simulated MSW Incineration ». Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (octobre 2011) : 1590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1590.

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Heavy metal capture experiments were carried out in a tube furnace to investigate the effect of different sorbents and Si-Al ratios on the capture of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr during simulated MSW incineration. The incineration bottom ash was digested by aqua regia and HCl/HNO3/HF, then determined by ICP-AES. Experimental results indicate that HCl/HNO3/HF is more suitable for the digestion of incineration bottom ash than aqua regia; the volatilization capacities of the five metals during simulated MSW incineration at 1000°C follow the sequence of Pb > Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn; zeolite and limestone have a certain efficiency to capture Zn and Cr while kaolinite has no efficiency to capture all the five metals; the addition of kaolinite and zeolite can prevent the glass and brick powder from melting which can cause the package of heavy metals, but the addition of zeolite can promote Zn and Cr to form silicate, aluminate and aluminosilicate; the mixture of SiO2and Al2O3is in favor of the adsorption of Cd and Cr, but against the adsorption of Pb and Cu compared with single SiO2or Al2O3.

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Seniūnaitė, Jurgita, et Saulius Vasarevičius. « Fresh Bottom Ash Characteristics Dependence on Fractional Composition ». Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, n^o 4 (11 septembre 2017) : 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1064.

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Waste incineration process generates two main by-products streams: fly ash and bottom ash. Bottom ash is composed of a variety of oxides, heavy metals and salts. Chemical materials distributed unevenly in different fractions of bottom ash. This study investigates the heavy metals (Pb, Cd) content dependence of bottom ash and fraction composition. Studies were performed with five different fractions (0–2 mm; 2–5.6 mm; 5.6–11.2 mm; 11.2–22,4 mm; 22.4–40 mm) of fresh bottom ash. After a one-step leaching test (distilled water was used as a solvent), was determinate, that highest concentrations of the lead (Pb) (from 0.141 to 0.146 mg/l) are leached from the smallest (0–2 mm 2–5.6 mm) bottom ash fractions particles. Heavy metals concentration in these fractions eluates respectively was 2.83 and 2.91 times higher than the limit value of leaching. The highest concentration of cadmium (4.214 mg/l) was determinate in 0–2 mm fraction bottom ash eluate. concentration of cadmium was 1.40 times higher than the limit value of leaching. It can be concluded that 0–2 mm; 2–5.6 mm fraction bottom ash can’t be used in civil engineering, without pre-treatment (eg. washing or aging).

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