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1
1941-, Herzog Thomas, dir. Timber construction manual. Basel : Birkhäuser, 2004.
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Smith, Ian, et Andrea Frangi. Use of Timber in Tall Multi-Storey Buildings. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Since the dawn of civilization, timber has been a primary material for achieving great structural engineering feats. Yet during the late 19th century and most of the 20th century it lost currency as a preferred material for construction of large and tall multi-storey building superstructures. This Structural Engineering Document (SED) addresses a reawakening of interest in timber and timber-based products as primary con-struction materials for relatively tall, multi-storey buildings. Emphasis throughout is on holistically addressing various aspects of performance of complete systems, reflecting that major gaps in knowhow relate to design concepts rather than technical information about timber as a material. Special con-sideration is given to structural form, fire vulnerability, and durability aspects for attaining desired building performance over lifespans that can be centuries long.</p>
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Pelke, Eberhard, et Eugen Brühwiler, dir. Engineering History and Heritage Structures – Viewpoints and Approaches. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present Structural Engineering Document (SED) is a compilation of contributions devoted to the vast topic of history of structural engineering as well as interventions on heritage structures and structures of high cultural values. Various, some-times opposed, viewpoints and approaches are expressed and presented. The rather heterogeneous and controversial nature of the content of this SED shall stimulate lively discus-sions within the structural engineering community who needs to increase the awareness of historical and cultural aspects of structures and structural engineering. Current structural engineering methods and practice are only at the very begin-ning of effective engineering, really integrating historical and cultural aspects in the assessment of existing structures and in intervention projects to adapt or modify structures of cultural values for future demands. Knowing the past is indispensable for modern structural engineering!
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Turner, C. J. G. Time and temporal structure in Chekhov. Birmingham : Department of Russian Language and Literature, University of Birmingham, 1994.
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Bachmann, Hugo, et Walter Ammann. Vibrations in Structures. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed003e.
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<p>«Vibrations in Structures» concentrates on vibrations in structures as excited by human motion or machine operation. Man-induced vibrations may arise from walking, running, skipping, dancing, etc. They occur mostly in pedestrian structures, office buildings, gymnasia and sports halls, dancing and concert halls, stadia, etc. Existing publications treat by and large some isolated aspects of the problem; the present one attempts, for the first time, a systematic survey of man-induced vibrations. Machine-induced vibrations occur during the operation of all sorts of machinery and tools with rotating, oscillating or thrusting parts. The study concentrates rather on small and medium size machinery placed on floors of industrial buildings and creating a potential source of undesirable vibrations. The associated questions have rarely been tackled to date; they entail probiems similar to those of man-induced vibrations.</p> <p>The book is consciously intended to serve the practising structural engineer and not primarily the dynamic specialist. It should be noted that its aim is not to provide directions on how to perform comprehensive dynamic computations. Instead, it attempts the following:</p> <ol> <li>to show where dynamic problems could occur and where a word of caution is good advice;</li> <li>to further the understanding of the phenomena encountered as well as of the underlying principles;</li> <li>to impart the basic knowledge for assessing the dynamic behaviour of the structures or structural elements;</li> <li>to describe suitable measures, both preventive to be applied in the design stage and remedial in the case of rehabilitation.</li> </ol>
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Evans, Vyvyan. The structure of time : Language, meaning, and temporal cognition. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Pub., 2003.
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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.
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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre reinforced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining components.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increasingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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Ranzi, Gianluca, dir. Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.
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<p>Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used throughout the world for buildings and bridges. A distinguishing feature of this form of construction is the combination of concrete and steel components to achieve enhanced structural performance. <p>The time-dependent response of concrete and its infl uence on the service behaviour and design of composite structures are the main focus of this SED. For the fi rst time, a publication combines a state-of-the-art review of the research with the available design specifi cations of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and USA. This publication intends to enhance the awareness of the service response of composite structures and of the latest research and standards’ developments. It is aimed at designers and researchers alike. <p>The review of research available in open literature is provided and arranged according to structural typologies, i. e. slabs, beams, and columns. It serves as background information for current service design rules and provides insight into the most recent research advancements. The review of available design guidelines presents the similarities and differences of the recommended service design procedures infl uenced by concrete time effects. Selected case studies of building and bridge projects show possible design approaches and the rationale required when dealing with the time-dependent response and design of composite structures. The authors of this publication are design engineers and academics involved in the service design and research on the time-dependent response of composite structures.
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Dedet, André. Structure du langage et de l'inconscient. Paris : L'Harmattan, 2003.
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Dedet, André. Structure du langage et de l'inconscient. Paris : Harmattan, 2003.
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Malamidis, Haris. Social Movements and Solidarity Structures in Crisis-Ridden Greece. NL Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722438.
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Social Movements and Solidarity Structures in Crisis-Ridden Greece explores the rich grassroots experience of social movements in Greece between 2008 and 2016. The harsh conditions of austerity triggered the rise of vibrant mobilizations that went hand-in-hand with the emergence of numerous solidarity structures, providing unofficial welfare services to the suffering population. Based on qualitative field research conducted in more than 50 social movement organizations in Greece’s two major cities, the book offers an in-depth analysis of the contentious mechanisms that led to the development of such solidarity initiatives. By analyzing the organizational structure, resources and identity of markets without middlemen, social and collective kitchens, organizations distributing food parcels, social clinics and self-managed cooperatives, this study explains the enlargement of boundaries of collective action in times of crisis.
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A, Postal Matthew, dir. New York Times Building (originally the Times Annex), 217-247 West 43rd Street : Buchman & Fox, 1912-13 : Ludlow & Peabody, 1922-24 : Albert Kahn, Inc., 1930-32, architects : George A. Fuller Co., builders : [report]. New York, N.Y : The Commission, 2001.
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Meyer, Christopher. Fast cycle time : How to align purpose, strategy, and structure for speed. New York : Free Press, 1993.
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Mantovani, Elisabeth. Tempo e spazio in età medievale : Rappresentazioni e trasformazioni intorno alla cattedrale di Modena. Modena : Edizioni Artestampa, 2017.
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Meyer, Christopher. Fast cycle time : How to align purpose, strategy, and structure for speed. New York : Free Press, 1993.
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Aurnague, Mixel. Les structures de l'espace linguistique : Regards croisés sur quelques constructions spatiales du basque et du français. Louvain : Peeters, 2004.
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Ramberger, Günter. Structural bearings and expansion joints for bridges. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Bridge superstructures have to be designed to permit thermal and live load strains to occur without unintended restraints. Bridge bearings have to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure, allowing all movements in directions defined by the designer. The two functions -transfer the loads and allow movements only in the required directions for a long service time with little maintenance - are not so easy to fulfil. Different bearings for different purposes and requirements have been developed so, that the bridge designer can choose the most suitable bearing.</p> <p>By the movement of a bridge, gaps are necessary between superstructure and substructure. Expansion joints fill the gaps, allowing traffic loads tobe carried and allowing all expected displacements with low resistance. Expansion joints should provide a smooth transition, avoid noise emission as far as possible and withstand all mechanical actions and chemical attacks (de-icing) for a long time. A simple exchange of all wearing parts and of the entire expansion joint should be possible.</p> <p>The present volume provides a comprehensive survey of arrangement, construction and installation of bearings and expansion joints for bridges including calculation of bearing reactions and movements, analysis and design, inspection and maintenance. A long list of references deals with the subjects but also with aspects in the vicinity of bearings and expansion joints.</p> <p>This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of bridge design, construction, analysis, inspection, maintenance and repair.</p>
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Manufacturing International '90 (1990 Atlanta, Ga.). Intelligent manufacturing structure, control, and integration : Presented at Manufacturing International '90, Atlanta, Georgia, March 25-28, 1990. New York, N.Y : American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990.
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Stern, Robert A. M. New York 1880 : Architecture and urbanism in the gilded age. New York, N.Y : Monacelli Press, 1999.
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Grigor'ev, Leonid, Igor' Makarov, Aleksandr Kurdin, Sergey Bobylev, Aleksandr Golyashev, Evsey Gurvich, Aleksey Ivaschenko et al. The world economy in a period of great turmoil. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1858585.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The monograph is devoted to the main trends in the development of the world economy between the two crises: The Great Recession of 2008-2009 and the crisis of 2020-2021 caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The authors reveal numerous contradictions that accumulated in the global economy during this period and reached their peak by the time the pandemic began. These contradictions are grouped into four groups corresponding to the sections: structural problems affecting the nature of economic growth; contradictions in the development of the financial system; problems of social development and the evolution of the welfare state; energy and resource-environmental problems. The authors demonstrate that the economic turmoil, the growth of political tension within the leading countries and the intensification of conflict in international relations in recent years are largely a reflection of humanity's inability to find an answer to these and other contradictions. The system of global regulation, which has entered a period of deep crisis, is particularly unable to keep up with the changes taking place in the global economy.
It is the result of a three-year research project implemented at the Faculty of World Economy and World Politics of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. The team of authors includes 18 authors from Russian and foreign universities, research centers and international organizations who are recognized experts on various problems of the world economy. The chapters prepared by them are structured according to a single logic: from problem formulation to a review
of theories, a description of existing approaches to solving problems, obstacles in their implementation and, ultimately, to identifying key challenges of the future. Such a structure allows us to present a comprehensive picture of the form in which the world economy has come to a critical moment of its development.
For students and postgraduates of economic specialties. It will be useful for teachers developing courses on the world economy and its individual aspects, as well as for the general public interested in global challenges and problems.
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Hasníková, Hana. Proceedings of the SHATIS 2022 – 6th International conference on structural health assessment of timber structures. Sous la direction de Jiří Kunecký. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/54-3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Structural health assessment of timber structures associates various procedures in order to evaluate the safety and serviceability of structures. Also, it helps to assure or extend the predicted service life of structures. Service life sustainability can be promoted by the incorporation of monitoring systems or by providing tools and methods that deliver accurate reports about the structural condition. Conservation and assessment of timber structures is based on a multidisciplinary approach. The conference topics cover the wide spectrum, from wood properties, through performance of joints and timber design, to modern monitoring and digital technologies. As the topics include both existing and historical timber structures, the need for reliable non destructive testing methods is part of the approach as well.
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Winter, Wolfgang, Michael Volz, Roland Schweitzer, Thomas Herzog et Julius Natterer. Timber Construction Manual. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2012.
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Temperley, David. Timbre and Instrumentation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653774.003.0006.
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This chapter considers some general approaches to the study of timbre and how they might be applied to rock; it also surveys the major rock instruments and the kinds of sounds they can produce. With regard to instrumentation—the choice of instruments and the ways that they are used—the focus is on how this relates to the structural aspects of rock discussed in other chapters. The chapter examines two guitar solos and discusses their contrasting approaches to the issue of melodic-harmonic coordination. With regard to drums, it considers their crucial role in conveying metrical structure and discusses four important rock drummers and their unique styles. Briefer discussions follow of the bass, piano, orchestral instruments, and sequencers; the final section explores the role of the production process in shaping the sound of a song.
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Essig, Laurie. Love, Inc. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520295018.001.0001.
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In Love, Inc., Laurie Essig argues that love is not all we need. As the future became less secure—with global climate change and the transfer of wealth to the few—Americans became more romantic. Romance is not just what lovers do but also what lovers learn through ideology. As an ideology, romance allowed us to privatize our futures, to imagine ourselves as safe and secure tomorrow if only we could find our "one true love" today. But the fairy dust of romance blinded us to what we really need: global movements and structural changes. By traveling through dating apps and spectacular engagements, white weddings and Disney honeymoons, Essig shows us how romance was sold to us and why we bought it. Love, Inc. seduced so many of us into a false sense of security, but it also, paradoxically, gives us hope in hopeless times. This book explores the struggle between our inner cynics and our inner romantic.
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Winter, Wolfgang, Michael Volz, Roland Schweitzer, Thomas N. Herzog et Julius Natterer. Timber Construction Manual (Construction Manuals (englisch)). Birkhäuser Basel, 2004.
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Marin, Mara. Modeling Commitment for Structural Relations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190498627.003.0003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chapter 2 extends the concept of commitment from personal to social structural relations and begins the argument that our implication in social structures puts us in relations analogous to those of personal commitments. This analogy has a descriptive and a normative element. Descriptively, this book’s notion of commitment captures the idea that social structures are the accumulated effects of our actions. Normatively, it captures the claim that we owe obligations to each other in virtue of our structural relationships to each other, that is, because our actions, accumulated over time, are responsible for reproducing the structure. It illustrates these claims with the example of a woman who attempts to change the gendered nature of parenting. This view of social structures as commitments is an antidote to the powerlessness we otherwise experience in our relation to unjust structures.
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Blockley, David. 1. Everything has structure. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199671939.003.0001.
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‘Everything has structure’ considers the fundamental nature and role of structure and the relationship of structural engineering with other engineering disciplines and with architecture. Decision making is driven by the purpose of a man-made structure and how ‘fitness for purpose’ is realised. There is a need to understand how forces flow through a structure in order to ensure it meets its primary purpose of being strong and safe whilst at the same time meeting many other needs such as affordability, aesthetic, and regulatory and environmental criteria. The best structures are a harmony of architecture and engineering—where form and function are one and the flow of forces is logical.
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Time : Sense, space, structure. Leiden : Brill, 2016.
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Krasnopolskaia, Iuliia. Design and Parametric Modeling of Pretensioned and Stiffened Membranes Project Work. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.407.
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This research aimed to develop conceptually the pretensioned and stiffened membrane structures, using an experimental approach and computer simulation. The physical method of form finding included the pretensioned fabric with the glued grid made of the wooden sticks. Relaxation of the stressed membrane contributed to forming the specific anticlastic hyparic surface by energy release. The influence of the rigid elements pattern, intensity and direction of pretensioning on the final shape was investigated. The tensegrity structures were also built applying the same form finding way. These experiments led to the modelling of resulting samples with parametric design tools, namely Rhino and Grasshopper. Optimization of the final shape was carried out by changing parameters such as stiffenings configuration and membrane strength. This digital approach demonstrated successful simulation and rationalization of considered structures. Moreover, the final models can be used for further structural analysis and BIM. Considered membrane structures have very efficient load-bearing behavior. They are characterized by small weight, high light transmission and the ability to create large usable spaces free from columns. The most dangerous loads for membrane structures are wind and ponding. In practice, PTFE coated glass-fibre fabric and PVC coated polyester fabric are most suitable for pretensioned and stiffened membrane structures. The role of stiff elements can be played by steel profiles or metal tubes. The average time for the construction of a membrane structure is 6-15 months. Resulted pretensioned and stiffened membrane structures can be used as pavilions, roofs and awnings. They are distinguished by spectacular architectural view and very effective structural system. In addition, membrane tensile structures are characterized by high eco-efficiency and sustainability compared to other types of construction.
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Bach, Sarah. Espace et structure dans les Métamorphoses d'Ovide. AUSONIUS, 2020.
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Ford, Anton. The Progress of the Deed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777991.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses Michael Thompson’s essay, “Naive Action Theory.” It argues that Thompson conflates two distinct structures that belong to intentional action. Intentional action has, on the one hand, a chronological structure, in virtue of which it unfolds in time, and, on the other hand, a teleological structure, in virtue of which it unites the means to which it is an end. In Thompson’s account these two structures come to seem as one; parts and phases are conflated. As a result of this conflation Thompson is forced to make the implausible assertion that the parts of an action are infinitely divisible.
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Yust, Jason. Organized Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.001.0001.
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This book presents a theory of temporal structure for music, making two main arguments. The first is that a single model of temporal structure, expressible in the form of a certain type of mathematical network, is common to all modalities, particularly rhythm, tonality, and form. As a result, we can develop tools to talk about the experience of musical time in abstraction from any particular modality, and make analogies from structural phenomena in one modality to another (e.g., formal counterpoint). The second argument is that each of these modalities is in principle independent: it has its own set of structuring criteria, and it may lead to structures that agree or disagree with each other. The resulting coordination or disjunction between modalities is of more direct aesthetic importance, typically, than anything that can be said about one isolated parameter alone. These claims have deep ramifications for theories of rhythm, tonality, and form: for instance, that it is possible to discuss formal structure without necessary reference to tonal features. Theories of harmony, key, formal function, hypermeter, and closure are developed in conjunction with analysis of a wide range of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century composers, surveys of classical repertoire, and observations about the history of musical styles. A number of mathematical tools for temporal structure are also proposed.
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Holmes, Craig. The Labour Market. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807056.003.0007.
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This chapter deals with wage dispersion, polarization, and job structures. It looks first how the structure of jobs and the wages they receive has changed across the OECD over recent decades, and shows the extent of variation across the OECD countries in that regard. It then considers the relationship between the shifts in the occupational structure this reveals and patterns of wage inequality. The UK, a prime example of a country with a significant loss of ‘middle’ jobs, is then studied in more detail, to tease out in particular the changing relationship between occupations and levels of pay. The relationship between occupational structures and wage mobility or progression over time for individuals is also explored.
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Mann, Peter. Autonomous Geometrical Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0022.
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This chapter examines the structure of the phase space of an integrable system as being constructed from invariant tori using the Arnold–Liouville integrability theorem, and periodic flow and ergodic flow are investigated using action-angle theory. Time-dependent mechanics is formulated by extending the symplectic structure to a contact structure in an extended phase space before it is shown that mechanics has a natural setting on a jet bundle. The chapter then describes phase space of integrable systems and how tori behave when time-dependent dynamics occurs. Adiabatic invariance is discussed, as well as slow and fast Hamiltonian systems, the Hannay angle and counter adiabatic terms. In addition, the chapter discusses foliation, resonant tori, non-resonant tori, contact structures, Pfaffian forms, jet manifolds and Stokes’s theorem.
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Hurricane Resistant Buildings. Building CAT-5 Resistant Timber Roofs, An Illustrated Guide for Builders. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275125700.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The year 2020 set a record for the highest number of tropical/subtropical storms registered in a year. According to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season was the busiest year, with 29 events that caused economic losses estimated at US$ 50 billion, according to data from NOAA. Climate change has also brought with it an increased risk of the impact of higher intensity storms. The rise in water temperature in the Atlantic is causing a greater chance for hurricanes to develop. These natural events are not only more frequent but, in some cases, more catastrophic as well. One major impediment to resilience is the lack of suitably qualified or experienced professionals to design and build hurricane-resistant buildings in many countries that are typically the most affected. In most low-income countries, current building codes do not encourage the construction of robust structures that will withstand major hurricanes or are the building codes enforced. Additionally, reconstruction after the impact of such events is often rushed and poorly designed and executed. The Pan American Health Organization aims to reduce the recurrent damage following the impact of major hurricanes, with this illustrated, easy-to-follow guide to build Category 5-resistant roofs and external walls. These guidelines are to be used by local builders for the safe design and construction of roofs in hurricane-prone regions. True sustainability is achieved once people understand what they can do to help themselves and prevent future damage and losses. Therefore, we aim to provide graphic tools illustrating the safe and proper way to build and connect timber roofs to help minimize the loss of building infrastructure, impact on livelihoods and loss of lives.
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Evans, Vyvyan. Structure Of Time : Language, Meaning And Temporal Cognition (Human Cognitive Processing). John Benjamins Pub Co, 2004.
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Nouri, Kent H., et Billy K. Huh. Superior Hypogastric Block and Neurolysis : Fluoroscopy, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0035.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The superior hypogastric block (SHB) is an effective treatment for chronic or cancer-related pelvic pain. The CT-guided block offers the advantage of being able to visualize the target structure, soft tissue, disc, and bony structures to minimize complications. But CT has its own limitations such as being unable to visualize the needle at off angle, higher level of exposure to ionizing radiation, and longer procedure time compared to the fluoroscopy-guided procedure. Several variations to CT-guided techniques have been published. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, but depending on the anatomical variations in spinal structure, any one of the techniques may be used. Fluoroscopy is used in the majority of superior hypogastric blocks because of the ease of use, availability, and quicker procedure times. The anterior approach to SHB using ultrasound guidance is useful technique in relieving pelvic pain in gynecological malignancies.
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Janssen-Lauret, Frederique, dir. Quine, Structure, and Ontology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864288.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Contemporary work on ontology, logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language still owes much to W.V. Quine. Nevertheless his views are now often dismissed because of mistaken or overly simplified conceptions of his philosophy. The development of his views over time are often overlooked, and in particular the growing importance of a kind of structuralism to his system as it evolved. This volume provides a fuller, richer picture of Quine’s views and their development. It is the first to investigate Quine’s views on structure and how it permeates and shapes his attitude to a range of philosophical questions. It includes contributions by world-famous philosophers and experts in a range of subfields including philosophical logic, philosophy of language, history of philosophy, mathematics, philosophy of time, and set theory. Chapters by Michael Resnik, Frederique Janssen-Lauret and Fraser MacBride, John Collins, Jaroslav Peregrin, and Paul Gregory explore whether Quine’s structuralism is epistemological, language-based, or ontological. Greg Frost-Arnold, Robert Sinclair, and Gary Kemp and Andrew Lugg explore Quine’s views on structure from a historical point of view. Nathan Salmón, Gila Sher, Marianna Antonutti Marfori, and Natalja Deng consider Quine’s views on the structure of logic, language, and theories in relation to contemporary philosophy, specifically ontology, the philosophy of logic and mathematics, philosophy of set theory, and philosophy of time.
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Evans, Vyvyan. The Structure of Time : Language, meaning and temporal cognition (Human Cognitive Processing). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2004.
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The Structure of Time : Language, Meaning And Temporal Cognition (Human Cognitive Processing). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2006.
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41
Davidson, Donald. The Structure of Truth. Sous la direction de Cameron Kirk-Giannini et Ernie Lepore. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842491.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Donald Davidson’s 1970 Locke Lectures appear in print for the first time in this volume, accompanied by an introduction highlighting their significance as a snapshot of his evolving views in the philosophy of language and describing their relationship to the work he published during his lifetime. The lectures comprise an invaluable historical document that illuminates how Davidson was thinking about the theory of meaning, the role of a truth theory therein, the ontological commitments of a truth theory, the notion of logical form, and so on, at a pivotal moment in the development of his thought. Unlike Davidson’s previously published work, they are written so as to be presented to an audience as a fully organized and coherent exposition of his program in the philosophy of language. Had these lectures been widely available in the years following 1970, the reception of Davidson’s work, especially in the philosophy of language, might have been very different. Given the systematic nature of the presentation of Davidson’s semantic program in these lectures, it is hoped that they will be of use to those encountering his thought for the first time.
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Brennan, Samantha. The Structure of Thresholds for Options. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828310.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Most of us accept that, even if morality requires us to promote the good, we do not have to live up to its demands all the time. Sometimes we can favor our own interests, or provide special benefit to our friends and family. This paper assumes that these options can be overridden if we pass a certain threshold and asks if there is a common structure between these thresholds for options and the thresholds for rights. This moderate deontological account allows for aggregation in considering the total amount at stake, but also requires that the good be structured in a certain way. In the case of rights, there are two relevant structural constraints: an existential constraint (some individual must have as much at stake as the right bearer), and a universal constraint (everyone being considered must have some minimum amount at stake). Both of these constraints also apply to thresholds for options.
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Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale et E. S. Roberts. Graphs on structured spaces. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter moves beyond viewing nodes as homogeneous dots set on a plane. To introduce more complicated underlying space, multiplex networks (which are defined with layers of interaction on the same underlying node set) and temporal (time-dependent) networks are discussed. It shown that despite the much more complicated underlying space, many of the techniques developed in earlier chapters can be applied. Heterogeneous nodes are introduced as an extension of the stochastic block model for community structure, then extended using methods developed in earlier chapters to more general (continuous) node attributes such as fitness. The chapter closes with a discussion of the intersections and similarities between the many alternative models for capturing topological features that have been presented in the book.
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Hall, Peter A. Politics as a Process Structured in Space and Time. Sous la direction de Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti et Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Historical institutionalism embraces models of the polity that acknowledge the impact on political action of the social, economic and political structures in which actors are embedded at particular times and places. In addition to examining how events affect the immediate outcome of interest, it considers how they restructure the institutional or ideological setting so as to condition outcomes at later periods in time. Through a comparison with alternative modes of analysis, this chapter outlines what it means to see politics as a structured process. Taking up the problem of plasticity raised by a second wave of historical institutional analysis, it considers how institutions might be dependent on social coalitions but still factors structuring politics by virtue of how they sustain those coalitions.
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Smith, Leonard V. The Agents and Structures of Peacemaking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199677177.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter provides a chronological overview of peacemaking after the Great War according to a constructivist interpretation of the “agent-structure problem.” Agents are simply the characters of the story; structures, that which determines the plot. Peacemaking began with the armistices of 1918, as recognizably realist states sought a new realist structure for security. However, Wilsonianism provided a radically new discursive structure which the allies and Germans accepted at the time of the armistice. Accepting Wilsonianism as the ideological foundation of the peace had real consequences, whatever the intentions of the statesmen who had done so. Wilsonianism legitimized the successor state, a new ethno-national agent that would seek to unify ethnic and national boundaries. Great Powers guided by Wilsonianism had created an identity they could not control. Successor states would do much to demarcate the authority of the conference in Europe and in the domains of the defeated empires.
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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Thermodynamic Green’s Functions and Spectral Structure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Multiparticle thermodynamic Green’s functions, defined in terms of grand canonical ensemble averages of time-ordered products of creation and annihilation operators, are interpreted as tracing the amplitude for time-developing correlated interacting particle motions taking place in the background of a thermal ensemble. Under equilibrium conditions, time-translational invariance permits the one-particle thermal Green’s function to be represented in terms of a single frequency, leading to a Lehmann spectral representation whose frequency poles describe the energy spectrum. This Green’s function has finite values for both t>t′ and t<t′ (unlike retarded Green’s functions), and the two parts G1> and G1< (respectively) obey a simple proportionality relation that facilitates the introduction of a spectral weight function: It is also interpreted in terms of a periodicity/antiperiodicity property of a modified Green’s function in imaginary time capable of a Fourier series representation with imaginary (Matsubara) frequencies. The analytic continuation from imaginary time to real time is discussed, as are related commutator/anticommutator functions, also retarded/advanced Green’s functions, and the spectral weight sum rule is derived. Statistical thermodynamic information is shown to be embedded in physical features of the one- and two-particle thermodynamic Green’s functions.
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Isett, Philip. Structure of the Book. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174822.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter provides an overview of the book's structure. Section 3 deals with the error terms which need to be controlled, whereas Part III explains some notation of the book and presents a basic construction of the correction. The goal is to clarify how the scheme can be used to construct Hölder continuous weak solutions—continuous in space and time—to the incompressible Euler equations that fail to conserve energy. Part IV shows how to iterate the construction of Part III to obtain continuous solutions to the Euler equations. It then discusses the concept of frequency energy levels, along with the Main Lemma. It also highlights some additional difficulties which arise as one approaches the optimal regularity and illustrates how these difficulties can be overcome. Parts V–VII verify all the estimates needed for the proof of the Main Lemma.
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Aubynn, Toni. Regulatory Structures and Challenges to Developmental Extractives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817369.003.0013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ghana’s large natural resource endowment of various minerals as well as oil is well known. The country has been mining gold for over a century, ranking second in production in Africa, and has also undergone regulatory transformations resulting in significant improvement in the mining sector. This chapter seeks to share the experience of a regulator and offers some perspectives on the purpose, content, and challenges of the practical regulation of an extractives sector in a lower-middle-income economy. The chapter looks at both the design and content of a regulatory system and throws light on the practical challenges (technical and political) of implementation. In light of the increasing allure of resource nationalism in recent times, the chapter also takes a brief navigation into the manner in which relationships are established and maintained by the regulatory bodies with both large multinational and small artisanal mining operations.
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Merlevède, Florence, Magda Peligrad et Sergey Utev. Functional Gaussian Approximation for Dependent Structures. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826941.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book has its origin in the need for developing and analyzing mathematical models for phenomena that evolve in time and influence each another, and aims at a better understanding of the structure and asymptotic behavior of stochastic processes. This monograph has double scope. First, to present tools for dealing with dependent structures directed toward obtaining normal approximations. Second, to apply the normal approximations presented in the book to various examples. The main tools consist of inequalities for dependent sequences of random variables, leading to limit theorems, including the functional central limit theorem (CLT) and functional moderate deviation principle (MDP). The results will point out large classes of dependent random variables which satisfy invariance principles, making possible the statistical study of data coming from stochastic processes both with short and long memory. Over the course of the book different types of dependence structures are considered, ranging from the traditional mixing structures to martingale-like structures and to weakly negatively dependent structures, which link the notion of mixing to the notions of association and negative dependence. Several applications have been carefully selected to exhibit the importance of the theoretical results. They include random walks in random scenery and determinantal processes. In addition, due to their importance in analyzing new data in economics, linear processes with dependent innovations will also be considered and analyzed.
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Colaresi, Michael, et Jude C. Hays. Spatial and Temporal Interdependence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.301.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Time and space are two dimensions that are likely to provide the paths—either singly or in tandem—by which international policy decisions are interdependent. There are several reasons to expect international relations processes to be interdependent across space, time, or both dimensions. Theoretical approaches such as rational expectations models, bureaucratic models of decision-making, and psychological explanations of international phenomena at least implicitly assume—and in many cases explicitly predict—dependence structures within data. One approach that researchers can use to test whether their international processes of interest are marked by dependence across time, space, or both time and space, is to explicitly model and interpret the hypothesized underlying dependence structures. There are two areas of spatial modeling at the research frontier: spatial models with qualitative and limited dependent variables, an co-evolution models of structure and behavior. These models have theoretical implications that are likely to be useful for international relations research. However, a gap remains between the kinds of empirical models demanded by international relations data and theory and the supply of time series and spatial econometric models that are available to those doing applied research. There is a need to develop appropriate models of temporal and spatial interdependence for qualitative and limited dependent variables, and for better models in which outcomes and structures of interdependence are jointly endogenous.