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1
Wellman, Christopher Heath. The Problem of Relatedness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274764.003.0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chapter 6 grapples with the problem of relatedness, which requires one to confront foundational questions in moral philosophy and their implications for forfeiture theory. The core issue is whether a wrongdoer forfeits her right against being harmed for any reason whatsoever (the unlimited-reasons approach), or only for reasons appropriately related to her wrongdoing (the limited-reasons approach). After rebutting the initial impression that the unlimited-reasons approach is wholly implausible, the chapter offers some reasons in defense of the conclusion that wrongdoers do not forfeit their rights against being harmed in general; more specifically, they forfeit their right against being punished, which (by definition) involves being intentionally stigmatized for one’s putative wrongdoing.
2
Haines, Daniel. The Problem of Territory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190648664.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter examines the contested meanings of territoriality in decolonizing South Asia, building on recent scholarship on nationalist thought. It argues that when independence came, bringing with it the Partition of Punjab and Bengal, the spatial basis of the Indian and Pakistani nation-states was hardly stable. As the British colonial government prepared to withdraw, nationalists put forward competing visions of what independence could bring. Many of these visions had a difficult relationship with the idea of a national territory. The Indian National Congress sought a composite Indian national identity to hold together a vast and diverse region, while the Muslim League proposed a new entity called ‘Pakistan’, but with little clarity regarding the state’s location, extent or constitutional relationship to India. These territorial uncertainties provided the political context in which the Indus waters dispute became a matter of state sovereignty after independence.
3
Sharma, Arvind. Part of the Problem, Part of the Solution. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400695360.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Part of the Problem, Part of the Solution unleashes religion's true potential to do good by bridging the modern divide between religion and an ever pervasive secular society, a notion often loathed by individuals on both sides of the religious aisle. As noted scholars such as Huston Smith, Karen Armstrong, Rosemary Radford Reuther, Harvey Cox, and Seyyed Hossein Nasr explain throughout the conversations related in this text, people of varied and conflicting faiths can come together to engage in civil, useful dialogue, and members of quite varied religious traditions can work together for the benefit of all humankind and can help defuse the world's current epidemic of violence. By showing how religion is an instrument in human affairs that can be tuned for both good and evil, this book lays the groundwork for an important cooperative effort to blossom. Furthermore, today's trend of associating all religion with suspicion has spiraled into a dangerous situation-that in discarding all religion because some of it causes harm, one risks throwing away the baby with the bathwater. Books such as When Religion Becomes Evil by Charles Kimball, The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, The End of Faith by Sam Harris, Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon by Daniel Dennett, and God is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything by Christopher Hitchens have created quite a sensation, leaving the impression that religion, at its root, brings more heartache than handshakes. This development has dismayed many scholars, students, and practitioners of religion, of all faiths, who believe that only half the story-the negative half-is being told. Although demonstrating that certain religious beliefs have surely contributed to the violence that has occurred in this century, this book also explores how other religious teachings can help solve the epidemic of violence.
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Buchanan, Ben. Information Distribution and the Status Quo. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665012.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
While the last chapter showed how past mitigations to the security dilemma do not work in cybersecurity, this one goes further, showing that in some ways the cybersecurity dilemma is harder to solve than the security dilemma. It shows how security dilemma thinking rests on two main assumptions about information distribution and about a baseline status quo, neither of which holds up in cybersecurity. Remove these two assumptions, and the problem gets harder still. This chapter outlines the details of those assumptions and their specific flaws in the context of cybersecurity.
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Collier Hillstrom, Laurie. The #MeToo Movement. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400605062.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This volume provides a concise but authoritative overview of the #MeToo Movement and its enormous impact on American society, from the studios of Hollywood to factories, campuses, and offices across the country. The 21st Century Turning Points series is a one-stop resource for understanding the people and events changing America today. The #MeToo Movement is devoted to the issue that brought sexual harassment out of the shadows of American culture and into the spotlight. Sparked by revelations of decades of sexual harassment by powerful Hollywood executive Harvey Weinstein, the movement quickly uncovered similar abusive behavior by numerous other famous public figures. It also revealed the extent to which sexual harassment has been a persistent problem in many workplace settings across America and the ways in which girls and women are subjected to degrading and discriminatory treatment because of their gender. The book provides a broad perspective on these issues. It discusses late twentieth-century efforts to identify sexual harassment as a longstanding societal problem; explains how the 2016 presidential election brought new attention to this issue; introduces activists who helped to launch the #MeToo Movement; and surveys the impact of the movement on American politics, business, and entertainment.
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Daley, Dennis C., et Antoine Douaihy. A Family Guide to Coping with Substance Use Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926632.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This guide was written for family members, significant others, and people concerned about their relatives or friends who have an alcohol or drug problem, which in this book is referred to as substance misuse or substance use disorder (SUD). Substance problems can take many shapes and forms and differ in their severity and impact. This family guide will discuss these problems and how to help the affected person and other family members (including children) who may have been harmed by a loved one’s substance problem. This guide can also help individuals with a substance use problem understand the impact of their SUDs on the family as well as what their family members can do to help themselves. Addressing family issues and making amends are key issues for people in recovery from SUDs.
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Kamm, F. M. Rights and Their Limits. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197567739.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This book deals with how rights and their limits are dealt with in theories as well as in hypothetical and practical cases. It begins by considering moral status and its relation to having rights including whether animals have them and what rights future persons have. It considers whether rights are grounded in duties to oneself, which duties are correlative to rights, and whether neuroscientific and psychological studies can help determine what rights we have. The limits of the right not to be harmed are investigated by considering critiques of deontological distinctions, costs that must be undertaken to avoid harming, and a proposal for permissibly harming someone in the Trolley Problem. The possibility that the Trolley Problem can help determine what rights are involved in programming self-driving cars, providing medical treatments, and redistributive economic policy is considered. The book concludes by comparing the use of case-based judgments about extreme cases in moral versus aesthetic theory, and by exploring the significance of the right not to be harmed for morally correct policies in the extreme cases of torture and a pandemic. Where pertinent, the views on these issues of T. Regan, D. Parfit, C. Korsgaard, S. Kagan, R. Dworkin, A. Sen, A. Gibbard, J. Greene, A. Danto, and J. Thomson, among others, are considered.
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Rose, David C. The Rise of Flourishing Societies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199330720.003.0005.
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This chapter explains how societies can climb a development ladder whereby each step leads to a larger set of transactions through which to increase the value of output per capita. Each step higher is harder because each step adds transactions that require higher levels of social trust. The problem is that many of the benefits of climbing the ladder are realized at the level of society as a whole, so individual adults and individual parents have much to gain by conserving on their own resources while allowing everyone else in society to invest into the inculcation of the required moral beliefs to produce a high-trust society. There is a public good problem associated with investing enough to best promote the common good. This problem is particularly daunting for the kind of moral beliefs required to produce trustworthy individuals and it worsens with societal success.
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McPherson, Lionel K. Legalism, Justice, and the War on Terrorism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495657.003.0011.
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Some standard norms of conduct in war are morally unsustainable. The “noncombatant immunity” principle that prohibits deliberate use of force against noncombatants represents one such norm. Standard noncombatant immunity is limited, its focus on intention, allowing, in effect, ordinary noncombatants to be harmed routinely through lawful attacks by combatants. These noncombatant casualties often are likely, foreseeable, and avoidable and thus not merely accidental. Apart from the moral problem of just war legalism, the practical problem is this: a military power cannot expect to win hearts and minds in foreign populations, as the war on terrorism requires, when its approach to fighting expresses relatively little concern for noncombatant lives. Greatly reducing noncombatant casualties is a pragmatic imperative that recommends fighting to a much higher standard—even when prevailing moral and legal norms allow collaterally harming noncombatants.
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Western, Bruce. Violence, Poverty, Values, and the Will to Punish. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888589.003.0007.
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This chapter argues that Fassin’s analysis should be expanded in three ways. First, Fassin should take greater account of how the unlawful state violence he rightly deplores is nonetheless frequently produced in response to violent criminal acts. Losing sight of the underlying problem of criminal violence in poor and marginal communities can make it harder to see how reform might be possible, by reducing the problem to one of arbitrary labeling (and subsequent punishment) of certain kinds of conduct. Second, while Fassin notes the connections between vulnerability to state violence and poverty, it would be worth paying more attention to the way economic inequality dehumanizes certain subjects and makes them more vulnerable objects of state abuse. Social analysis should be humanizing, in response. Third, Fassin should express positive value commitments to those latent in his critique as a guide to reform.
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Rose, David C. The Fall of Flourishing Societies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199330720.003.0007.
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This chapter explains why as free market democracies grow and support ever more mass flourishing, both the abuse and the neglect problems associated with the cultural commons intensify. As the abuse problem gets harder to recognize, the neglect problem worsens even further. Falling trust opens the door to redistributive and regulatory favoritism which, in turn, actuates political tribalism that is shown to reduce trust in the democratic system. The theory of market failure is shown to produce an important distinction in the proper role of government that helps avoid this downward spiral whereby democracy sows the seeds of its own demise. This has important implications for the emergence of new beliefs that are deleterious to high-trust societies and that allow the proliferation of corruption and points to a civic role for trust-producing moral beliefs.
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Pellet, Alain. Should We (Still) Worry about Fragmentation ? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816423.003.0012.
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Alain Pellet argues that we should not worry about fragmentation, given the multiplicity of international courts. To the contrary, he defends the dialogue among the many courts as contributing to the responsible development of international law. He responds to several criticisms concerning possible interpretative fragmentation; competing jurisdiction and forum shopping; as well as regional courts as a potential challenge to the global rule of law, holding that whilst fragmentation might be a problem in theory, it hardly ever occurs in practice. Pellet concludes that the several international courts are not a threat, but an enrichment of international jurisprudence.
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Gavaghan, Colin. Reproductive Technologies and the Search for Regulatory Legitimacy. Sous la direction de Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford et Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.62.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For a variety of reasons, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have posed significant challenges to regulators seeking normative legitimacy. While some of those challenges relate to the sort of value pluralism common to many areas of life, it has been suggested that the challenge is made significantly harder by the presence of genuinely intractable normative problems. This chapter examines one of the most significant of these problems in relation to reproductive choices, the infamous Non Identity Problem. I examine a number of proposed solutions and regulatory strategies that have been examined to circumvent or resolve such problems, and conclude by suggesting that the extent of the challenge posed by non-identity is just beginning to become apparent.
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Bahle, Thomas, et Peter Krause. Child Poverty during the Recession in Germany. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797968.003.0004.
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In Germany child poverty was hardly affected by the crisis, but continues to be a structural problem. The chapter describes the main trends in child poverty before and over the crisis. Furthermore it analyses why the crisis did not have a strong impact and which structural problems in the German welfare system and on the labour market have contributed to the persistence of child poverty. Structural problems are identified in particular in three areas: access to employment, low earnings and low social benefits which are not targeted at low-income families. Single-mother families and parents with low qualifications therefore continue to have a high poverty risk, even when the conditions have improved after the first years of the crisis.
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Pieth, Mark. Sports Governing Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458331.003.0015.
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This chapter studies corruption in the sports arena focusing more specifically on the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA). FIFA has recently been so much in the media as the lack of governance has allowed a vast graft and corruption network to evolve. If an association decides to distribute its funds amongst its members, this is hardly a crime—even if the stakeholders, who have an interest in the sports they govern, may be aggrieved. Matters are different obviously where officials of the association secretly syphon off funds of the association into their private pockets (embezzlement), or where event organizers are solicited for private bribes by game regulators, this could a problem, in countries where private bribery is an offense.
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Dietrich, Frank, Johannes Müller-Salo et Reinold Schmücker, dir. Zeit – eine normative Ressource ? Klostermann, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783465142775.
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All states of human life are limited by time. Human personality, but also interpersonal justice therefore have a temporal dimension. Is time thus a source of normativity: a factor that every ethic must take into account? Does it make any demands on the design of our personal way of life? And must norms and rules that aim to bring about, maintain, change or end certain states of human life always have to take into account the passage of time? In this book, seventeen philosophers discuss the significance of the temporal dimension of human personality and interpersonal justice for ethics and law. It becomes clear that hardly any problem applied ethics face today does not refer to the normative meaning of the temporality of our existence and the passing of time.
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Walen, Alec D. The Mechanics of Claims and Permissible Killing in War. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872045.001.0001.
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This book operates on two levels. On the more practical level, its overarching concern is to answer the question, When is it permissible to use lethal force to defend people against threats? The deeper concern of the book, however, is to lay out and defend a new account of rights, the mechanics of claims. This framework constructs rights from the premise that rights provide a normative space in which people can pursue their own ends while treating each other as free and equal fellow-agents whose welfare morally matters. According to the mechanics of claims, rights result from first weighing competing patient-claims on an agent, then determining if the agent has a strong enough agent-claim to act contrary to the balance of patient-claims on her, and then looking to see if special claims limit her freedom. The strength of claims in this framework reflects not just the interest in play but the nature of the claims. Threats who have no right to threaten have weaker claims not to be harmed than bystanders who might be harmed as a side effect, all else equal. With this model, a central problem in just war theory can be pushed to the margins: determining when people have forfeited their rights and are liable to harm. Threats may lack a right not to be killed even if they have done nothing to forfeit it.
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Coole, Diana. Population, Environmental Discourse, and Sustainability. Sous la direction de Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer et David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.35.
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This chapter considers the relationship between population growth and environmental sustainability. This is presented as both an objective, material issue of demographic change and environmental resources and a normative one regarding the quality of life. The discussion begins with Maltuhusian arguments popular in the mid-twentieth century limits to growth discourses, continues with an overview of the 1970s opposition to this discourse, and concludes with an assessment of the challenges that both a growing population and a legacy of racist and misogynist discourse advocating limits to population pose for contemporary efforts to achieve sustainable development. While the chapter is sympathetic to the environmentalist claim that any ecological problem is harder to solve with more people, it finds few signs that any politically or ethically acceptable framework exists that would allow current environmental theorists to advocate population stabilization strategies.
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Tenney, James. Reflections after Bridge. Sous la direction de Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker et Michael Winter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038723.003.0013.
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James Tenney focuses on the “reconciliation” of two musical worlds: formal and aesthetic ideas inspired by John Cage, and harmonic possibilities suggested by Harry Partch. Using the computer as a compositional partner, Tenney examines notions of intentionality (the Cagean part) and the formative gestalt ideas of Meta + Hodos. He correlates new developments in harmony with the design of new tuning systems and considers one of the new directions taken by some composers after 1910 involving the expansion of the pitch resources beyond a tuning system tempered by twelve-tone music. He argues that such expansions did not—and could not—solve the problem that had arisen with the “exhaustion” of tonality. According to Tenney, the real problem with the 12-set is not the relatively small number of pitches it makes available, but the fact that a very large tolerance range has to be assumed even for it to be regarded as a “fair approximation” of the basic intervals of the 5-limit—and even greater ranges are involved with those of the 7- and 11-limits.
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Gabbard, Krin. The Vanishing Love Song in Film Noir. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038594.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the racial contradictions engendered by the presence of African American musicians in Jacques Tourneur's Out of the Past (1947) and Fritz Lang's The Blue Gardenia (1953). The title song in The Blue Gardenia sheds light on a problem common to Tourneur's and Lang's film: the subtextual association of black musical performance with the dark side of the human psyche. In other words, if the Harlem jazz scene in Out of the Past presages the materialization of the “black widow,” Kathie Moffat (Jane Greer), Nat King Cole's rendition of “Blue Gardenia” musically implicates the “wrong woman,” Norah Larkin (Anne Baxter), and, by extension, the real culprit, Rose Miller (Ruth Storey). Thus, diegetic black music in both films acts as the clue to the “mystery,” a stereotypical one that speaks volumes about the intimate, fraught connection between classic noir and black popular-musical performance.
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Sparrow, Joshua. Communities raising children together : Collaborative consultation with a place-based initiative in Harlem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747109.003.0014.
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The Harlem Children’s Zone® (HCZ) and the Brazelton Touchpoints Center engaged in ‘collaborative consultation’ to co-create early childhood and parent support programming. This collaboration is the story of a community coming together to reclaim and reconstruct environments for raising children and to connect adult caregivers to support each other in that process. A relational, developmental, strengths-based, and culturally grounded approach was employed to build mutual respect, trust, and understanding over time in authentic relationships required for shared learning, and for programme development and improvement. The inherent and culturally rooted strengths and resources of parents, and other family and community members mutually reinforced each other as contexts and conditions were created in which these caregivers could come together to activate their community’s collective problem-solving capacity, to share their dreams for their children, and to provide emotional support and concrete resources for each other.
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Corbett, Jack, et Wouter Veenendaal. Democratization and Cultural Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796718.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 interrogates the argument that cultural homogeneity is a prerequisite for democratic persistence. The thesis here is that the absence of diverse interests and agreement around cultural norms produces a unified citizenry. This is supported by the view that democracy is harder to sustain in ethnically and religiously diverse societies. The problem is that many small states are ethnically, socially, and linguistically divided and stubbornly democratic. They also tend to operate majoritarian rather than consensual or consociational political institutions. Indeed, in some cases, such as the Melanesian region of the Pacific, it has been argued that hyper-fragmentation actually aides consolidation by ensuring that no group can come to dominate the apparatus of the state. Conversely, many homogenous small states have dominant cultural codes that, when combined with the personalization of politics, stifle pluralism and dissent. So, homogeneity is not a perquisite for democracy any more than economic growth is.
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Welsh, Mary Sue. Cajoling and Seducing Composers. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037368.003.0014.
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This chapter details events following Stokowski's departure from the Philadelphia Orchestra. With Ormandy completely in charge, the Philadelphia players carried on as the professionals they were, still committed to performing at the highest levels and still proud to be members of a great orchestra. In addition to her orchestral duties, Phillips took on another project at this time. Over the years, she had grown frustrated by the scarcity of works written for the harp, especially when she performed as a soloist with the orchestra and found that the number of suitable works she had to choose from was limited. Finally, in 1940, she decided to do something about the problem. With her husband's generous support, she set out to expand the repertoire by commissioning new works for the harp from the best composers she could find. But finding and pinning down those composers turned out to be much harder than she had imagined.
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Benson, Michael T. Harry S. Truman and the Founding of Israel. Praeger, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400661914.
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Harry S. Truman sensed something profound and meaningful in the Jewish restoration to Palestine, something which transcended other considerations. As the president recorded in hisMemoirs, the Palestine question was a basic human problem. In the end, Truman was willing to go against the current of his most trusted foreign policy advisers, who were absolutely opposed to the establishment of a Jewish state in the Middle East. These advisers argued that however humanitarian a Jewish homeland might seem, such a proposition posed a real risk to American interests in the Near East and to United States national security in the late 1940s. Despite their continued opposition, Truman stood his ground and maintained that he would decide the entire issue based on what he thought was right. Of interest to historians, and students of Israel and of the U.S. presidency.
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Streumer, Bart. Unbelievable Errors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785897.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book defends an error theory about all normative judgements: not just moral judgements, but also judgements about reasons for action, judgements about reasons for belief, and instrumental normative judgements. This theory says that normative judgements are beliefs that ascribe normative properties, but that normative properties do not exist. It therefore entails that all normative judgements are false. The book also argues, however, that we cannot believe this error theory. Instead of being a problem for the theory, the book argues, our inability to believe this error theory makes the theory more likely to be true, since it undermines objections to the theory, it makes it harder to reject the arguments for the theory, and it undermines revisionary alternatives to the theory. The book then sketches how certain other philosophical theories can be defended in a similar way, and how philosophers should modify their methodology if there can be true philosophical theories that we cannot believe. It concludes that to make philosophical progress, we should make a sharp distinction between a theory’s truth and our ability to believe it.
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Kim, Johhny, Michael Kelly et Cynthia Franklin. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190607258.001.0001.
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Teachers, administrators, and students face many challenges in schools, yet schools are also places of solutions, strengths, and successes. The second edition of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools offers a practical guide that shows school social workers how to harness the solutions that are already happening in their schools by applying the principles of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). With its emphasis on strengths and short-term treatment, SFBT is a potentially powerful tool for school professionals to add to their repertoires. A solution-focused school social worker can help students, particularly those who are harder to engage, think about ways to focus on what’s working and how they can change their lives in positive ways. This second edition is part of the School Social Work Association of America Oxford Workshop Series and has been updated with new research and clinical practice information. New to this edition is a more thorough example of how to use SFBT within the Response-to-Intervention (RtI) framework with case examples demonstrating innovate ways. It also includes five new clinical chapters called “SFBT in Action.” These new chapters cover five of the most common student problems school social workers encounter in their jobs. Each of these new chapters provides an overview of the particular problem both nationally and in school settings and describe risk and protective factors. Along with a discussion on why SFBT is a useful approach for that particular problem, case examples are also provided illustrating how to use many of the specific solution-focused techniques for them.
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Carroll, Joyce Armstrong, et Edward E. Wilson. Brushing Up on Grammar. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400621857.
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Teachers will use this book as a quick but intensive way to brush up on their grammar skills and a guide to hands-on ways to teach grammar concepts. Brushing Up on Grammar: An Acts of Teaching Approach is grounded in a belief that grammar should be taught within the context of writing and reading. Of course, teachers need to know grammar to be able to teach it, something that has become harder as topics like sentence diagramming and parts of speech have disappeared from curriculums in recent years. This book provides the solid grammar foundation so necessary for teachers in the field of English/language arts. Brushing Up on Grammar illuminates the five meanings of grammar; identifies six key grammar characteristics; and covers all of the categories and labels, rules and history, research, and etymologies relative to the subject. The examples and connections here are designed first and foremost as verbal clay. With them, educators can help students mold, probe, shape, reshape, and above all, enjoy their acts of language.
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vanden Heuvel, William. Hope and History. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501738173.001.0001.
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This book is the memoir of Ambassador William J. vanden Heuvel. It weaves together his most important public speeches and writings, compiled over a lifetime of public service, with anecdotes of his adventures as a second-generation American, a soldier, a lawyer, a political activist and a diplomat. The chapters touch upon themes that resonate as much today as they did when he first encountered them: the impact of heroes and mentors, the problem of racism in America, tackling the crisis in America's prisons, the plight and promise of the United Nations, America and the Holocaust, and the legacy of FDR. He describes how individuals, himself among them, have tackled some of America's most intractable problems with ingenuity and goodwill. Along the way, he shares his journey with some of the great characters of American history: Eleanor Roosevelt, William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan, Jack and Bobby Kennedy, Harry S. Truman, Jimmy Carter. With wisdom and humor, he argues for embracing all the challenges and opportunities that life in America can offer.
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Lundgren, Britta, et Martin Holmberg. Pandemic flus and vaccination policies in Sweden. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526110886.003.0011.
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During 2010 an increasing incidence of narcolepsy in children and adolescents was reported in Sweden and Finland, associated with the pandemic vaccine Pandemrix. Vaccination has since the 1940s been seen as a magic bullet to protect from flu. During past influenza pandemics in Sweden, the vaccine was, however, either absent or in short supply. Since the pandemic 2009-10 – caused by the Influenza A(H1N1) virus – production increased and mass vaccination campaigns were launched in many countries. Sweden was the most successful, with over sixty per cent coverage in what became the largest public health intervention in Swedish history. Facing the A(H1N1) pandemic, Swedish mass vaccination efforts were preceded by consensual decision-making relying on historically successful vaccination campaigns. Paradoxically, both the efficiency of the response as well as the approach to consensual decision-making may have harmed instead of strengthened public trust. The aim is to discuss pandemic influenza as an old and a contemporary problem and place it within the framework of national and international flu vaccination practices, pandemic preparedness, and nation building. This work is built on research on flu pandemics, on public documents and on interviews with parents of children suffering vaccination-induced narcolepsy and with officials working on pandemic preparedness.
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Davis, Mark, et Davina Lohm. Pandemics, Publics, and Narrative. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683764.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pandemics, Publics, and Narrative explores how members of the general public experienced the 2009 swine flu pandemic. It examines the stories related to us by individuals about what happened to them in 2009, their reflections on news and expert advice given to them, and how they considered vaccination, social isolation, and other infection control measures. The book charts also the storytelling of public life, including the “be alert, not alarmed” messages from the beginning of the outbreak through to the “boy who cried wolf” problem that emerged later in the outbreak when the virus turned out to be less serious than first thought for most people. Key themes of the book are the significance of personal immunity for people as they reflected on how to respond to the threat of an influenza virus and the ways in which universal public health advice was interpreted quite differently by people according to their medical and biographical situation. The book provides unprecedented insight into the lives of ordinary people during 2009, some affected profoundly and others hardly affected at all. By drawing on currents in sociocultural scholarship of narrative, illness narrative, and narrative medicine, it develops a novel “narrative public health” approach that bridges health communications and narrative. The book provides therefore important new insights for health communicators and researchers across the social and health sciences.
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Parkin, Harry, dir. Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198868255.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Harry Parkin Over 43,000 entries ‘“What’s in a name?” Juliet asked as she and Romeo tried to puzzle their way around the troubling problem of their warring families. Well, plenty, the most detailed investigation into surnames in the UK and Ireland has found.’ Steven Morris, The Guardian (of The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland) This new dictionary provides up-to date and authoritative explanations of family names found in Britain. It is an edited version of The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names of Britain and Ireland, published to great acclaim in 2016, which provided evidence for the origins, history, and geographical distribution of tens of thousands of family names current in Britain, many of them never explained before. The Concise Dictionary includes almost all the names originally covered, plus some additional rarer names, in a more concise and accessible format, and will be a key research tool for those investigating their family history. Each entry includes British frequencies and main locations as evidenced in the 1881 Census, as well as etymological detail and variants of the name. It tells you what type of name it is – perhaps an occupational name such as Taylor, or a nickname such as Short – the name’s original language and culture, and any multiple origins.
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Courage, Richard A., et Christopher Robert Reed. Roots of the Black Chicago Renaissance. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043055.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This anthology engages questions about origins of the Black Chicago Renaissance (1930-1955) from wide-ranging disciplinary perspectives. It traces a foundational stage from the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition to onset of the Depression. Eleven essays contribute to recovering understudied black artists and intellectuals, remapping African American cultural geography beyond and before 1920s Harlem, and reconceptualizing the paradigm of urban black renaissance. Contributors probe the public lives and achievements, class and family backgrounds, education and training, areas of residency, and institutional affiliations of such African American cultural pioneers as writers Fannie Barrier Williams, James David Corrothers, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, and Fenton Johnson; visual artists William E. Scott, Charles C. Dawson, and King Daniel Ganaway; and dance teacher Hazel Thompson Davis. Organized chronologically and deploying rich archival explorations, these essays unearth local resonances of such world-changing events as the Columbian Exposition, First World War, Great Migration, 1919 Red Summer, and Jazz Age. They identify internally-generated, transformative forces that supported emergence of creative individuals and cultural circles committed to professional work in arts and letters. These individuals were often identified with the appellation “New Negro,” whose multiple (sequential, overlapping) meanings are explored in relation to the formation and growth of a geographically compact, racially homogenous, and increasingly autonomous Black Metropolis.
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Bergo, Bettina. Anxiety. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197539712.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is a study of the unlikely “career” of anxiety in nineteenth- and twentieth-century philosophy. Anxiety is an affect, something more subtle, sometimes more persistent, than an emotion or a passion. It lies at the intersection of embodiment and cognition, sensation and emotion. But anxiety also runs like a red thread through European thought, beginning from receptions of Kant’s transcendental project. Like a symptom of the quest to situate and give life to the philosophical subject, like a symptom of an interrogation that strove to take form in European intellectual culture, angst (from anxiety to anguish) passed through Schelling’s Romanticism into Schopenhauer’s metaphysics, until it was approached existentially by Kierkegaard. Nietzsche situates it in the long history of producing an animal able to promise. Its returns in the twentieth century allow us to grasp the connection between phenomenology’s exploration of passivity, followed by interpretations of the human reality in a world and open to a call that it can hardly assume. The study thus begins with Kant; it probes late idealism and Romanticism, the metaphysical vitalism that flickered with Schopenhauer, the aesthetics and religious senses of angst in Nietzsche and Kierkegaard. It turns to three avatars of anxiety in the evolving psychoanalysis before exploring the return to rationalism and formalism in twentieth-century phenomenology, followed again by efforts to resituate human beings in world and body as well as, significantly, before the anxiogenic “other.”
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Lenz, Martin. Socializing Minds. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197613146.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book provides the first reconstruction of intersubjective accounts of the mind in early modern philosophy. Some phenomena are easily recognized as social or interactive: certain dances, forms of work, and rituals require interaction to come into being or count as valid. But what about mental states, such as thoughts, volitions, or emotions? Do our minds also depend on other minds? The idea that our minds are intersubjective or social seems to be a fairly recent one, developed mainly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries against the individualism of early modern philosophers. By contrast, this book argues that well-known early modern philosophers often even started from the idea that minds are intersubjective. How then does a mind depend on the minds of others?—Early modern philosophers are well known to have developed a number of theories designed to explain how we cognize external objects. What is hardly recognized is that early modern philosophers also addressed the problem of how our cognition is influenced by other minds. This book provides a historical and rational reconstruction of three central but different early modern accounts of the influence that minds exert on one another: Spinoza’s metaphysical model, Locke’s linguistic model, and Hume’s medical model. Showing for each model of mental interaction (1) why it was developed, (2) how it construes mind-mind relations, and (3) what view of the mind it suggests, this book aims at uncovering a crucial part of the unwritten history of intersubjectivity in the philosophy of mind.
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Chalabi, Azadeh. National Human Rights Action Planning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822844.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book deals with human rights action planning, as a largely under-researched area, from theoretical, doctrinal, empirical, and practical perspectives in order to put forward a new account of such planning. As such, the present work provides one of the most comprehensive studies of human rights planning to date. At the theoretical level, by advancing a novel general theory of human rights planning, it offers an alternative to the traditional state-centric model of planning. This new theory contains four sub-theories: contextual, substantive, procedural, and analytical ones. At the doctrinal level, a textual analysis of core human rights conventions is conducted in order to reveal the scope and nature of the obligation to adopt a national human rights action plan and to consider how to ensure that states are in compliance with this obligation. At the empirical level, a cross-case analysis of national human rights action plans of fifty-three countries is conducted exploring the major problems of these plans in different phases and uncovering the underlying causes. At the practical level, both national and supra-national human rights governance systems are examined. At the supra-national level, a networked model of global human rights governance is suggested as a practical response strategy against the extant global governance system which hardly works as an integrated system. At the national level, after suggesting the establishment of a nation-wide network for implementing human rights, the essential parts of human rights action planning are probed in four phases putting forward some methodological techniques for each phase.
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Revesz, Richard, et Jack Lienke. Struggling for Air. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233112.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the beginning of the Obama Administration, conservative politicians have railed against the President's "War on Coal." As evidence of this supposed siege, they point to a series of rules issued by the Environmental Protection Agency that aim to slash air pollution from the nation's power sector . Because coal produces far more pollution than any other major energy source, these rules are expected to further reduce its already shrinking share of the electricity market in favor of cleaner options like natural gas and solar power. But the EPA's policies are hardly the "unprecedented regulatory assault " that opponents make them out to be. Instead, they are merely the latest chapter in a multi-decade struggle to overcome a tragic flaw in our nation's most important environmental law. In 1970, Congress passed the Clean Air Act, which had the remarkably ambitious goal of eliminating essentially all air pollution that posed a threat to public health or welfare. But there was a problem: for some of the most common pollutants, Congress empowered the EPA to set emission limits only for newly constructed industrial facilities, most notably power plants. Existing plants, by contrast, would be largely exempt from direct federal regulation-a regulatory practice known as "grandfathering." What lawmakers didn't anticipate was that imposing costly requirements on new plants while giving existing ones a pass would simply encourage those old plants to stay in business much longer than originally planned. Since 1970, the core problems of U.S. environmental policy have flowed inexorably from the smokestacks of these coal-fired clunkers, which continue to pollute at far higher rates than their younger peers. In Struggling for Air, Richard L. Revesz and Jack Lienke chronicle the political compromises that gave rise to grandfathering, its deadly consequences, and the repeated attempts-by presidential administrations of both parties-to make things right.
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Wiener, Harvey S. Any Child Can Read Better. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195102185.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Reading, however fundamental the task may seem to everyday life, is a complex process that takes years to master. Yet, learning to read in the early stages is not an overwhelming problem for most children, especially when their classroom learning is coupled with a nurturing home environment in which reading is cherished, and pencil and paper are always available and fun to use. In fact, studies have shown that children score higher in reading if their parents support and encourage them at home. Unfortunately, though many parents want to involve themselves actively in their children's education, very few know just what to do. Now Dr. Harvey S. Wiener, author of the classic Any Child Can Write, provides an indispensable guide for parents who want to help their children enter the magic realm of words. In Any Child Can Read Better, Second Edition, Dr. Wiener offers practical advice on how to help children make their way through the maze of assignments and exercises related to classroom reading. In this essential book, parents learn how to be "reading helpers" without replacing or superseding the teacher--by supporting a child's reading habits and sharing the pleasures of fiction, poetry, and prose. Home learning parents also will find a wealth of information here. Through comfortable conversation and enjoyable exercises that tap children's native abilities, parents can help their child practice the critical thinking and reading skills that guarantee success in the classroom and beyond. For example, Dr. Wiener explains how exercises such as prereading warm-ups like creating word maps (a visual scheme that represents words and ideas as shapes and connects them) will allow youngsters to create a visual format and context before they begin reading. He shows how pictures from a birthday party can be used to create patterns of meaning by arranging them chronologically to allow the party's "story" to emerge, or how they might by arranged by order of importance--a picture of Beth standing at the door waiting for her friends to arrive could be displayed first, Beth blowing out the birthday cake placed toward the middle of the arrangement, and the pictures of Beth opening her gifts, especially the skates she's been begging for all year, would surely go toward the end of the sequence. Dr. Wiener shows how these activities, and many others, such as writing games, categorizing toys or clothes or favorite foods, and reading journals, will help children draw meaning out of written material. This second edition includes a new chapter describing the benefits of encouraging children to keep a journal of their personal reactions to books, the value of writing in the books they own (underlining, writing in the margins, and making a personal index) and a variety of reading activities to help children interact with writers and their books. Dr. Wiener has also expanded and updated his fascinating discussion of recommended books for children of all ages, complete with plot summaries. Written in simple, accessible prose, Any Child Can Read Better offers sensible advice for busy parents concerned with their children's education.