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1
Bukova-Zideluna, A., A. Villerusa et A. Lama. « An overview on pedestrians involved in traffic accidents in Latvia : Years 2010-2014 ». SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018) : 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184001004.
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Latvian national road accident statistics shows that for the vulnerable road users’ situation is critical, since pedestrians are involved in more than a quarter of road traffic accidents. This paper gives an analysis on pedestrians involved in road traffic accidents based on the road safety accident database in Latvia for the years 2010–2014. The total number of cases does not change significantly, however there has been an increase in pedestrian fatality rates over the period. From the total number of traffic accidents with pedestrians involved 92.4% had injuries, 6.8% were lethal cases and others didn't suffer from injuries. Out of 342 fatalities 37.7% occurred during the winter period, 56.1% in adverse weather (overcast, fog, rain or snow), 69.9% during twilight or darkness and 26.9% on weekends. Out of all accidents 55.3% occurred in the capital city Riga, but fatality rate was higher on main state roads. 8.1% of the total number of pedestrians involved in road traffic accidents was found to have alcohol in their blood right after the road traffic accident. Fatality rate was higher for those with exceeded BAC. Pedestrian injury risk analysis was associated with demographical and traffic-related factors, urbanization, visibility and seasonal patterns.
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Pitaksringkarn, Jumrus, Ladda Tanwanichkul et Kwanruen Yamthale. « A correlation between pavement skid resistance and wet-pavement related accidents in Thailand. » MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018) : 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202049.
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This research aims to study a correlation between a pavement skid resistance and wet-pavement related accidents in order to determine the minimum friction threshold so called ’Investigatory Level (IL)’ for the roads in Thailand. An accident database, a skid resistance database and a traffic volume of road network from the department of Highways, totalling 19 routes and 386kilometers, were used in the analysis of this study. In the analysis, 500-meter subsection intervals are used to determine a correlation between an average pavement skid resistance and wet-pavement accident rate using a non-linear regression analysis model. It was discovered that the pavement skid resistance has a major influence on the accident rate, depending on various types of road geometry. Moreover, the preliminary investigatory level is determined by using a past accident rate information as a reference for an investigatory level basis. We discover that the single carriageway (non-event) road is at highest threat due to low pavement skid resistance. The recommended investigatory level for each of the five road geometries all site, single carriageway, dual carriageway, horizontal alignment and curve road categories are 035, 0.50, 0.30, 0.30, and 0.40, respectively, which are in accordance to the investigatory level values in other countries.
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Bhalla, P., S. Tripathi et S. Palria. « Road Traffic Accident Analysis of Ajmer City Using Remote Sensing and GIS Technology ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (23 décembre 2014) : 1455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1455-2014.
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With advancement in technology, new and sophisticated models of vehicle are available and their numbers are increasing day by day. A traffic accident has multi-facet characteristics associated with it. In India 93% of crashes occur due to Human induced factor (wholly or partly). For proper traffic accident analysis use of GIS technology has become an inevitable tool. The traditional accident database is a summary spreadsheet format using codes and mileposts to denote location, type and severity of accidents. Geo-referenced accident database is location-referenced. It incorporates a GIS graphical interface with the accident information to allow for query searches on various accident attributes. Ajmer city, headquarter of Ajmer district, Rajasthan has been selected as the study area. According to Police records, 1531 accidents occur during 2009–2013. Maximum accident occurs in 2009 and the maximum death in 2013. Cars, jeeps, auto, pickup and tempo are mostly responsible for accidents and that the occurrence of accidents is mostly concentrated between 4PM to 10PM. <br><br> GIS has proved to be a good tool for analyzing multifaceted nature of accidents. While road safety is a critical issue, yet it is handled in an adhoc manner. This Study is a demonstration of application of GIS for developing an efficient database on road accidents taking Ajmer City as a study. If such type of database is developed for other cities, a proper analysis of accidents can be undertaken and suitable management strategies for traffic regulation can be successfully proposed.
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Meer, Jaffar Hussian, Sukhdeep Singh et Komalpreet Singh. « Road Accidental Analysis and Identify the Black Spot ». Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no 8 (1 septembre 2020) : 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug606.
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The increase in motor vehicles accompanied with expansion of roads has brought with it the challenge of addressing the adverse influence of road traffic accidents. Road incidents are a nationwide cataclysm with ever increasing trend which incurs a human health and development challenge and highly affect the human capital development of every nation. A mortality rate database (WHO, 2002) assures that India has highest number of accidents. Accident Black Spots are those locations on the road which have higher severity of accident either in terms of numbers or in terms of injuries. In this paper, efforts have been made to identify the location of accident black spots on national highway from singhpora pattan to panthachowk srinagar.The present era accidents are contributing major deaths worldwide due to increase in vehicular traffic.It has been estimated that every year 1.38 lakh lose their limbs and 6 lakh people get injured in road accidents in india.our country incurs a loss of 58000 crore each year due to road accidents. The most used roads to travel from jalandhar in punjab to uri in kashmir is NH-1A.The old name for NH-44 is NH-1A which was replaced after renumbering of all national highways in year 2010. In this report,the analysis includes study of some major accident spots or busy intersections in the NH-1A in between Pantha chowkh Srinagar to Singhpora Pattan.The study includes visiting sites,collecting required data for analysis and derives the results and remedies from what we had got. This report will be containing the material surveyed,pictures of road at different locations ,road details,figures,material for understanding of the unknown and finally the conclusion
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Olszewski, P., B. Osińska, P. Szagała, P. Skoczyński et A. Zielińska. « Problems with Assessing Safety of Vulnerable Road Users Based on Traffic Accident Data ». Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no 4 (1 décembre 2016) : 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0113.
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AbstractThe problem of poor quality of traffic accident data assembled in national databases has been addressed in European project InDeV. Vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists and moped riders) are especially affected by underreporting of accidents and misreporting of injury severity. Analyses of data from the European CARE database shows differences between countries in accident number trends as well as in fatality and injury rates which are difficult to explain. A survey of InDeV project partners from 7 EU countries helped to identify differences in their countries in accident and injury definitions as well as in reporting and data checking procedures. Measures to improve the quality of accident data are proposed such as including pedestrian falls in accident statistics, precisely defining minimum injury and combining police accident records with hospital data.
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Shlionchak, Ihor, Oleksandr Lukianchenko et Valerii Harenko. « Research of Speed Factor and Methods of Speed Determination During Auto Technical Examination ». Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 2, no 5(36) (2022) : 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2022.5(36).2.206-212.
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The publication notes that the rapid motorization of Ukraine has naturally led to the need to ensure road safety at a new modern level. It has been established that one of the effective measures to improve the road safety system is speed control. This, in turn, involves appropriate regulation of the permitted speeds. Determining the speed of vehicles helps to establish a causal link between the driver's actions and the accident. It is concluded that the most significant cause of road accidents with serious consequences and deaths is the wrong choice of speed. The following issues require further, more in-depth study: methodological aspects of determining the speed of movement of ATZ, which are based on the use of the laws of conservation of the amount of movement; construction of a mathematical model of the interaction of a car wheel with a boundary obstacle; statistical studies on the formation and updating of the database on stiffness and damping parameters of modern suspensions and the coefficient of adhesion; comparative assessment of the probability of traditional and improved methods of calculating vehicle speeds before a collision in a road accident; development of proposals for instrumental provision of a mobile laboratory for the reconstruction of road accidents at the scene of the incident.
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Montero-Salgado, Juan Pablo, Jose Muñoz-Sanz, Blanca Arenas-Ramírez et Cristina Alén-Cordero. « Identification of the Mechanical Failure Factors with Potential Influencing Road Accidents in Ecuador ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 13 (24 juin 2022) : 7787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137787.
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Road traffic accidents result in injury or even death of passengers. One potential cause of these accidents is mechanical failures due to a lack of vehicle maintenance. In the quest to identify these mechanical failures, this paper aims to set up the procedure to identify the mechanical failures that contribute to traffic accidents in cities located in developing countries, including the city of Cuenca-Ecuador. For present research, a database provided by the entity responsible for the Vehicle Technical Inspection, the Empresa Pública Municipal de Movilidad, Tránsito y Transporte and for the ones responsible of managing traffic accident data, Oficina de Investigación de Accidentes de Tránsito and Sección de Investigación de Accidentes de Tránsito was used. The vehicle subcategories M1 and M3 (bus type) and N1, so named according to Ecuadorian technical standards, were considered the most relevant regarding accident rates. The database was analysed with descriptive statistics, a Pareto chart and time series with the quadratic trend. From this analysis, the most significant failures found in the VTI in all three subcategories were the alignment of the driver headlight, both horizontal and vertical, braking imbalance on the 2nd axle, insufficient tire tread and parking brake effectiveness. All these failures showed a decreasing trend over time and in the forecast at a maximum of two to three years. The most relevant causes of road accidents recorded during the period 2009–2018 related to mechanical failures were the braking system (65.5%) and the steering system (17.2%) for subcategory M1.
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Sai Liu, Sai Liu, Zhen-Jiang Zhang Sai Liu et Zi-Hang Yu Zhen-Jiang Zhang. « Research on Liability Identification System of Road Traffic Accident ». 電腦學刊 33, no 1 (février 2022) : 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992022023301020.
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<p>With the rapid development of social economy and the increasing improvement of people’s living standards, car ownership is increasing exponentially, and road traffic accidents occur frequently. The identification of liability of traffic accident is an important problem in accident handling, which relates to the life and property interests of the litigants concerned. At present, the identification of liability of traffic accident basically depends on the manual judgment of law enforcement department, which is influenced by the experience and human feelings of law enforcement personnel, and has certain randomness and uncertainty. This paper proposes a traffic accident intelligent responsibility identification system based on Case-based Reasoning and D-S Evidence Theory. In the process of liability identification, Case-based Reasoning and D-S Evidence Theory are combined to analyze cases in case database. According to the case similarity, the basic probability of the litigants bearing the main liability is fused to obtain the probability interval of each litigant bearing the main liability, so as to determine the main liability person of the accident. By testing in real cases, the method proposed in this paper has achieved outstanding effect in identifying the main liability of traffic accidents.</p> <p> </p>
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Mishra, Divya. « A Review on Impact Analysis of Accident Using AI ». Journal of Informatics Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JIEEE) 2, no 2 (4 juin 2021) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jieee/002.02.005.
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In recent years, road collisions have become a global problem and have been classified as the 10th leading cause of death in the world. Due to the large number of road losses consistently, it has become a major problem in Bangladesh. It is totally unacceptable and sad to allow a citizen to kill in a road accident. The purpose is to show you how to extract logical data from a raw database and visualize it. The results show that hourly planning, day-to-day intelligence, lunar intelligence and year-round planning allow you to look at how road accidents change over time. Two types of road accidents have occurred in particular, and data analysis of road accidents have led to conclusions that will help reduce the number of accidents.
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SUNKPHO, Jirapon, et Warit WIPULANUSAT. « The Role of Data Visualization and Analytics of Highway Accidents ». Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no 12 (1 décembre 2020) : 1379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.10739.
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Thailand has been ranked as one of the most dangerous countries in terms of death from road accidents, representing ineffective road safety policies. The crucial mission of the Thai government is to provide safety and reduce accidents for road users on the highway system. This paper aims to explore the potential of using Business Intelligence (BI) in accident analysis. The availability of open accident data provides an opportunity for the BI, which can provide an advanced platform for conducting data visualization and analytics in both spatial and temporal dimensions in order to illustrate when and where the accidents occur. The accident data and provincial data were combined by using the Talend Data Integration tool. The combined data was then loaded into a MySQL database for data visualization using Tableau. The dashboard was designed and created by using Tableau as an analytical visualization tool to provide insights into highway accidents. This system is advised to be adopted by the Thai government, which can be used for data visualization and analytics to provide a mechanism to formulate strategy options and formulate appropriate contingency plans to improve the accident situation.
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Burzyńska, Monika, et Małgorzata Pikala. « Decreasing Trends in Road Traffic Mortality in Poland : A Twenty-Year Analysis ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 19 (3 octobre 2021) : 10411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910411.
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The aim of the study was to assess mortality trends due to road traffic accidents in Poland between 1999 and 2018. The study material was a database including 7,582,319 death certificates of all inhabitants of Poland who died in the analyzed period (104,652 people died of transport accidents). Crude deaths rates (CDR), standardized death rates (SDR) and joinpoint models were used. Annual percentage change (APC) for each segment of broken lines and average annual percentage change (AAPC) for the whole study period were calculated. CDR decreased from 19.7 per 100,000 population in 1999 to 9.6 per 100,000 population in 2018; APC was −4.1% (p < 0.05) while SDR decreased from 20.9 to 10.9 per 100,000; APC was −4.1% (p < 0.05). Large differences in traffic accident-related mortality were observed between men and women. An analysis by gender and age shows that the decline in the number of deaths due to traffic accidents has been slowed down in the oldest age group, 65+, in both males and females. There is a need for in-depth analyses aimed at introducing effective preventive solutions in the field of road traffic safety in Poland. Legal regulations should particularly refer to the most endangered groups of road users.
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Guido, Vitale, Astarita et Giofrè. « Comparison Analysis between Real Accident Locations and Simulated Risk Areas in An Urban Road Network ». Safety 5, no 3 (27 août 2019) : 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety5030060.
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Recently, many researchers have employed a microsimulation technique to study the chain of interactions among vehicles, which generates an accident occurrence in some circumstances. This new approach to studying road safety is named traffic conflict technique. The aim of this paper is to assess how the microscopic simulation is a useful tool to identify potentially unsafe vehicle interactions and how high-risk locations identified by a microsimulation technique are similar to the ones identified by using historical accident data. Results show that high-risk locations identified by the simulation framework are superimposable to those identified by using the historical accident database. In particular, the statistical analysis employed based on Pearson’s correlation demonstrates a significative correspondence between a risk rate defined with simulation and an accident rate determined by the observed accidents dataset.
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Jamroz, Kazimierz. « Macro Models of Casualties in Road Transport / Modelowanie Strat Osobowych W Transporcie Drogowym ». Journal of KONBiN 23, no 1 (1 septembre 2012) : 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2013-0039.
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Abstract To ensure that road transport safety measures are effective and efficient, forecast tools should be applied to help with strategic decision-making. Models of road safety measures provide such tools. The paper presents a proposed macro model of road accident casualties. The proposed models of road accident fatalities are built from a database covering more than fifty countries worldwide. The concepts of model design can be used for developing factor-based models to describe strategic societal risk on the road networks of selected countries worldwide. One of the concepts was applied to model the number of road accident fatalities. The analyses used Smeed’s model and its modifications developed for the needs of this analysis.
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Paixão, Lúcia Maria Miana Mattos, Eliana Dias Gontijo, Sueli Aparecida Mingoti, Dário Alves da Silva Costa, Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche et Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa. « Urban road traffic deaths : data linkage and identification of high-risk population sub-groups ». Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, suppl 1 (novembre 2015) : 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00081314.
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Abstract This study analyzes the profile of deaths from road traffic accidents in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, by linking two public databases, the Information System of the Urban Transportation and Transit Company (BH10) and the Mortality Information System (SIM). The linked database (n = 306) identified a 24% under-recording rate for deaths and differed in the age distribution from the BH10 database and in roadway user category when compared to the mortality database. The mortality rate for road traffic accidents within the city limits was 10.2 per 100,000 thousand, and was higher among men, young adults, and the elderly. Poisson multivariate regression showed a higher mean death rate for motorcycle occupants (rate ratio – RR: 1.81); pedestrians (RR: 1.32); males (RR: 1.24); single/divorced (RR: 1.27); young adults 18-29 years of age (RR: 1.75); elderly (RR: 1.59); and deaths at the crash site (RR: 1.39) when compared to the reference categories. The study unveils the city’s traffic violence, expressed by the large proportion of deaths at the crash site and within the first 24 hours, and confirms the relevance of database linkage for characterizing vulnerable groups and traffic accident mortality in the urban setting.
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Kamnik, Rok, Darja Topolšek et Stanko Laković. « Modern technologies and methods of data collection in the function of making better traffic analysis of forensic traffic experts ». Environmental engineering 9, no 1-2 (20 décembre 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37023/ee.9.1-2.1.
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Even though the European roads are among the safest in the world, the number of road accidents is still a cause for concern. To reduce their number and consequences, many studies are being conducted, including knowledge of the factors that influence the occurrence of accidents. Forensic traffic experts are also part of the treatment of traffic accidents, and they often must base their conclusions on proven incomplete studies of data collected by police officers. In some cases, traffic accident data are still collected in classical ways and with classical measuring equipment. This is often a source of error. This paper defines these errors and offers solutions that are shown primarily through data capture using 3D scanners and photogrammetry. In this way, we can perfectly recreate the situation in the event of a traffic accident through 3D models, thus eliminating many shortcomings of police drawings and records. The article also proposes a central database of traffic accidents as an additional solution to gain a deeper insight into the causes and consequences of traffic accidents.
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Hussain, Muhammad, Jing SHI et Yousaf Ali. « Accident Analysis and Identification of Black Spots on the Motorways in Pakistan - a Reliability Analysis Approach ». Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 40, no 4 (1 octobre 2021) : 692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2104.01.
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The objective of this study is to explore the contributory factors responsible for road accidents and identifies the black spots on the three motorways; M1 (Peshawar-Islamabad), M2 (Islamabad-Lahore), and M3 (Pindi BhattianFaisalabad) in Pakistan. Five years’ road accident data was obtained from the National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP), Pakistan. The database of this study included six hundred road accidents on a total of 574 kilometers long routes of M1, M2 and M3. The reliability analysis approach was used to locate black spot locations on each motorway. For the visualization and mapping of black spots on each motorway, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used. The results explored that vehicle condition was the significant contributory factor responsible for the maximum number of road accidents on M1 and M3, while for M2, it was drowsy driving. It is also found that a maximum number of road accidents on M2 and M3 occurred in late-night, while for M1, it was day timing. Furthermore, road accidents were relatively higher in May-July and December on M1 and M2, which shows that extreme weather influences the occurrence of road accidents. On the contrary, no substantial variation of road accidents was examined for M3 month-wise. Finally, black spots on each motorway were located and their georeferenced coordinates were presented for future use. As a result, precautionary measures and provisions are suggested for concerned authorities to mitigate road safety problems.
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SUGIYANTO, Gito, et Ari Fadli. « Identifikasi Lokasi Rawan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas (Black Spot) di Kabupaten Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah ». Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 19, no 2 (21 novembre 2017) : 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v19i2.10768.
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Road safety is a complicated scientific field of transport research due to the random nature of accident occurrence. Traffic accidents impose serious problems to society in terms of medical costs, economic costs (productivity losts), property damage costs, and human costs. Traffic accidents are increasing and still become the main problem of road transport in Indonesia. One effort to improve transportation safety is by determining and handling the black spot locations. The method that used to identify black spot locations is the frequency-crash method. The aim of this research is to identify black spot locations using Upper Control Limit (UCL) method. The study location is in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia. Database of traffic accidents from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015 were obtained from Purbalingga Police. Using the equivalent accident number for death victims or fatality is 10, a severe injury is 5, a minor injury is 1, and property damaged only is 1. Seven roads have accident number value greater than the upper control limit value and identified as a black spot location. Black spot location in Purbalingga regency are Jalan Raya Bayeman, Tlahab Lor; Jalan Raya turut Desa Penolih, Jalan Raya turut Desa Bobotsari, Jalan Raya turut Desa Bojongsari, Jalan Raya turut Desa Jetis, Jalan Raya turut Desa Kembangan, and Jalan Raya turut Desa Panican.
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Iyanda, Ayodeji. « Inter-Group Disparities in Fatal Road Traffic Accident in Texas ». European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no 17 (30 juin 2018) : 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n17p61.
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The risk of dying from a road accident is higher than dying from heart and infectious diseases. Mortality and injury related to fatal accident is increasing partly due to the level of motorization. Further, the associated risk of accident varies among diverse population groups. This study examines the inter-group difference in injury and mortality caused by road accident in Texas using Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), the nation’s most comprehensive population-based accident database from 2014 to 2016. Texas had the highest accident mortality in 2016 making accident the fifth leading cause of death. This study performed two main tasks: 1) It analyzed injury severity variation for different age groups using data mining technique. 2) Accident fatality disparity was determined by using both nonparametric version of analysis of variance and multilevel binary logistic regression. The study interprets fatality risk using the odd ratio. Result shows that Asian subgroups, European Spanish, Central and South Americans, and children were at greater risk. This study is important for culturally specific public health intervention design targeting the most vulnerable subgroups based on people’s cultural orientation.
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Szénási, Sándor. « Analysis of historical road accident data supporting autonomous vehicle control strategies ». PeerJ Computer Science 7 (23 février 2021) : e399. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.399.
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It is expected that most accidents occurring due to human mistakes will be eliminated by autonomous vehicles. Their control is based on real-time data obtained from the various sensors, processed by sophisticated algorithms and the operation of actuators. However, it is worth noting that this process flow cannot handle unexpected accident situations like a child running out in front of the vehicle or an unexpectedly slippery road surface. A comprehensive analysis of historical accident data can help to forecast these situations. For example, it is possible to localize areas of the public road network, where the number of accidents related to careless pedestrians or bad road surface conditions is significantly higher than expected. This information can help the control of the autonomous vehicle to prepare for dangerous situations long before the real-time sensors provide any related information. This manuscript presents a data-mining method working on the already existing road accident database records to find the black spots of the road network. As a next step, a further statistical approach is used to find the significant risk factors of these zones, which result can be built into the controlling strategy of self-driven cars to prepare them for these situations to decrease the probability of the potential further incidents. The evaluation part of this paper shows that the robustness of the proposed method is similar to the already existing black spot searching algorithms. However, it provides additional information about the main accident patterns.
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Xi, Jianfeng, Zhenhai Gao, Shifeng Niu, Tongqiang Ding et Guobao Ning. « A Hybrid Algorithm of Traffic Accident Data Mining on Cause Analysis ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/302627.
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Road traffic accident databases provide the basis for road traffic accident analysis, the data inside which usually has a radial, multidimensional, and multilayered structure. Traditional data mining algorithms such as association rules, when applied alone, often yield uncertain and unreliable results. An improved association rule algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) put forward by this paper can be used to analyze the correlation between accident attributes and causes. The new algorithm focuses on characteristics of the hyperstereo structure of road traffic accident data, and the association rules of accident causes can be calculated more accurately and in higher rates. A new concept of Association Entropy is also defined to help compare the importance between different accident attributes. T-test model and Delphi method were deployed to test and verify the accuracy of the improved algorithm, the result of which was a ten times faster speed for random traffic accident data sampling analyses on average. In the paper, the algorithms were tested on a sample database of more than twenty thousand items, each with 56 accident attributes. And the final result proves that the improved algorithm was accurate and stable.
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Luo, Yong, et Xiu Chun Guo. « Road Traffic Accident Management Information System Research Based on C/S Structure ». Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (mai 2010) : 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.452.
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In this paper we mainly discuss the traffic accident information management system which based on web software platform of WINDOWS NT using PB as front developing tool and adopting the database of SYBASE as its core. The system can make statistical analysis and prediction for road accident caused by many factors and can determine the Black Spot of accident through analysis thus can provide basis for preventing the accident and rebuilding the dangerous road section.
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Ramadani, Naser, Valbona Zhjeqi, Merita Berisha, Rina Hoxha, Ilir Begolli, Drita Salihu et Pranvera Krasniqi. « Public Health Profile of Road Traffic Accidents in Kosovo 2010-2015 ». Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no 7 (13 décembre 2017) : 1036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.214.
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AIM: To determine the characteristics of the Socio-medical profile of road traffic accidents in Kosovo, between 2010 and 2015 year.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study.METHODS: A descriptive method based on the database of road traffic accidents from the National Police of Kosovo.RESULTS: In Kosovo for the period 2010-2015, on average, the yearly number of road traffic accidents is 18437 with mortality rate 7.4 per 100000 and lethality of 1.5%. The highest number of fatal cases are drivers and above 19 years old with more than 80%. Among injured significantly highest percentage is among passengers for all years and above 19 years old. Road traffic accident with a vehicle occurs most frequently, with approximately over 70%, mostly on dry road 72.9% and clear weather 71.1%. The driver is the contributing factors of road traffic accidents on average 99.3% whereas climatic conditions only 0.5%, with over 50% of crashes occurring in urban road 56.2%, mostly during Monday 16.0% and in the afternoon rush hours between 14.00-18.00 with 31.0%.CONCLUSIONS: There is a slight decrease in the mortality rate of 0.1‰ and lethality rate of 0.1% each year, whereas there is an increase of 21.5‰ for traumatism rate for each year.
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Eliseev, Michail, Alexandr Blinov et Alexandr Lipenkov. « Algorithm of automated annotation of areas of roads with increased accidents ». MATEC Web of Conferences 334 (2021) : 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133401007.
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The paper describes the methodology of annotating of road accidents centres of interactive accidents map. Based on the statistical analysis of the traffic accidents database the range of accident risk zones of a roadmap of the city are allocated as well as cause of accidents. These information in the form of text messages is applied to a vector map of a geographical area, in this paper – the map of Nizhny Novgorod. The annotation algorithm also takes into account the data of the road infrastructure, the weather, the driver (the user of the interactive crash map). The method was tested during the creation of e-cards of Nizhny Novgorod.
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Kvasnes, Sara, Petr Pokorny, Jan Kristian Jensen et Kelly Pitera. « Safety Effects of Horizontal Curve Design and Lane and Shoulder Width on Single Motorcycle Accidents in Norway ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (21 avril 2021) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6684334.
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Factors related to the road infrastructure contribute to the occurrence of motorcycle accidents. This study investigates how design parameters of the existing rural two-lane road network in Norway influence the occurrence of single motorcycle accidents. The design elements considered in this study are horizontal curvature (curve type, degree of curvature, and adjacent curve requirements) and lane and shoulder widths. A matched case-control study design was applied to investigate the safety effects of these elements. Cases were defined as segments experiencing at least one single motorcycle accident during the study period from 2013 to 2017, while controls were defined as segments not experiencing an accident in the same period. In order to identify the segments, a GIS analysis was performed on data collected from the National Road Database (NVDB). In case-control studies, matching allows us to control for confounding variables. AADT and speed limit were used as matching variables in this study. A matching ratio of 4 : 1 (i.e., four controls per case) was used, resulting in 752 controls being matched to 188 cases. The results indicate horizontal alignment to have a more significant effect on single motorcycle accidents compared to lane and shoulder widths. Segments with several adjacent reverse curves, with high curvature (R < 200 m), have high odds for an accident. Further, if the requirements for adjacent curves are not fulfilled (i.e., considerable variation in adjacent curve radii), the odds increase even more. While the results are not statistically significant, trends seen indicate that wider lanes were associated with increased odds for an accident, while wider shoulders were associated with decreased odds. In comparison with a similar study considering passenger vehicles, the results of this study also indicate that horizontal alignment has a greater effect on single motorcycle accidents than on passenger vehicle accidents.
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Ruslawati Nik Mustapa, Nik, Najihan Awang Ali, Nurul Husna Jamian, Hussin Abdul Hamid, Syadatul Syaeda Mat Saleh et Roziana Baharain. « Personal Injury Claims (PIC) Database Modeling in Malaysia ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, no 4.33 (9 décembre 2018) : 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.33.23510.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Road accident often leads to claims for personal injury by aggrieved parties. In Malaysia, courts have been using multiplier-multiplicand approach. This approach seems to be outdated and unfair to the claimant. Presently, the approach excludes the claimant's personal condition in the calculation of quantum of damages. Hence, this study uses the Ogden Table as introduced in the United Kingdom as benchmarking guidelines, by taking into account of all aspect of claimant's personal condition for the purpose of such calculation. This study aim is to build upon a proposed data modeling system known as Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) and the created process modeling known as data flow diagram (DFD). In so doing, the claimants will insert his input data, run it through the first process, and store the information in the claim injury part database. They can also edit and store to claim injury part database on their own. This will generate a report with the information in claim injury part database and can be viewed by claimant, court and lawyer as target users. It is hoped that it will facilitate the calculation of injury claim which would serve justice and accuracy of personal injury in road accidents.
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Petrashenko, Oleksiy, Oleksandr Pyna et Roman Yefymenko. « ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL MEANS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL ON THE SAFETY OF VULNERABLE ROAD USERS ». Dorogi i mosti 2022, no 26 (3 octobre 2022) : 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2022.26.274.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction. The development and modernization of the road network and road infrastructure in Ukraine requires its provision with modern technical means of traffic control to ensure safety of all road users. Problem statement. A significant number of traffic accidents (hereinafter — accidents) and the severity of their consequences, especially with the participation of vulnerable road users requires the provision of technical means of traffic control. Objective. Ensuring traffic safety, reducing the severity of the consequences of accidents and providing safe and comfortable conditions for vulnerable road users. Materials and methods. The article uses the actual standards of Ukraine, practical experience gained during road safety inspections, survey of black spots and materials of the branch Road Safety Management Database (RSM) created at SE DerzhdorNDI). Results. It is determined that the provision of technical means, especially in black spots areas, prevents the increase of accidents rate, including reducing the number of accidents with vulnerable road users participation. Conclusions. Road is a very dangerous place where an accident can be happened each second, leading to significant injuries, mutilations or even deaths o effectively protect and prevent the occurrence of accidents with vulnerable road users, it is necessary to improve the situation by preventive counteraction to accidents, namely the correct (regulatory) organization of technical means of road traffic control.
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Mendoza, Alberto, Aristóteles Uribe, Claudia Z. Gil et Emilio Mayoral. « Development of a Relational Accident Database Management System for Mexican Federal Roads ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1717, no 1 (janvier 2000) : 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1717-11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Two years ago, the Mexican Transportation Institute began to develop a computer-based management system of the information collected by various organizations about accidents occurring on the Federal Road Network. This system combines the information gathered by these organizations with the purpose of completing and validating the data so that tools can be developed for processing and analyzing the validated data and the processed data and developed tools can be made available to users. It was decided to support the development of such efforts on computer databases already being generated, on database processing and management software, on geographic information systems, and on remote data-exchange systems (e.g., the Internet). The progress made so far in the development of the computer system is reviewed. The system has been named the “Relational Accident Database Management System for Mexican Federal Roads” (SAIACF, in Spanish). The information sources beneficial to this project are identified and analyzed. The ideal scheme conceived for the integration of the various information sources is presented, and the SAIACF system is outlined. Some of the results obtained after its application to the information corresponding to 1997 are shown. Also, the element that was generated to make the information and the tools available to users is described, and conclusions are drawn.
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Värnild, Astrid, Per Tillgren et Peter Larm. « Factors related to the increasing number of seriously injured cyclists and pedestrians in a Swedish urban region 2003–17 ». Journal of Public Health 42, no 2 (18 juin 2019) : e158-e164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz064.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Background The number of seriously injured unprotected road users has increased during implementation of a road safety policy Vision Zero. The aim of the study is to identify factors associated with the increase in serious injuries among cyclists and pedestrians (even single pedestrian accidents) that occurred in an urban road space in a Swedish region 2003–17. The urban road space includes roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling. Methods Data were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) and NVDB (National Road Database). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression with odds ratios for sex, age and part of road space were assessed. Results The number of seriously injured cyclists and pedestrians more than doubled from 2003 to 2017, with the greatest increase for pedestrians. Older age increased the probability of serious injury since 2012 for the group ≥ 80 years and since 2015 for the group 65–79 years. No significant effect of sex. Most injuries occur in areas not transformed by Vision Zero. Conclusions An increasing number of elderly persons in the generation born in the 1940s and increased life expectancy are important factors. There is a need to increase road safety measures that also promote active mobility.
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Kong, Joon Seok, Kang Hyun Lee, Chan Young Kang, Dooruh Choi et Oh Hyun Kim. « Preventive Effectiveness of Thoracic Side Airbags in Side-Impact Crashes Based on Korea In-Depth Accident Study (KIDAS) Database ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 23 (26 novembre 2022) : 15757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315757.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Studies on the effectiveness of thoracic side airbags (tSABs) in preventing thoracic injuries is limited and conflicting. This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of tSABs in side-impact crashes based on data for motor vehicle occupants (MVOs) who visited an emergency department in Korea. The data were obtained from the Korean In-Depth Accident Study (KIDAS) database for patients treated at Wonju Severance Christian Hospital between January 2011 and April 2020. Of the 3899 patients with road traffic injuries, data for 490 patients were used. The overall frequency of tSAB deployment in side-impact crashes was found to be 8.1%. In the multivariate analysis, elderly age, near-side impact, colliding with fixed objects, non-oblique force, and higher crush extent were found to be factors associated with higher thoracic injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥ 2). MVOs in crashes with tSAB deployment were at an increased risk of injury compared with MVOs in crashes with no deployment, but no statistical difference was observed [adjusted odds ratios (AORs): 1.65 (0.73–3.73)]. Further, the incidence of lung injury and rib fractures increased with tSAB activation (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate the limited capability of tSABs in preventing thoracic injuries in motor vehicle crashes.
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Hasan, M. Sajjad. « Accident Analysis and Method Comparison of Finding Black Spots on M-2(Lahore-Islamabad) Motorway, Pakistan ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no 2 (28 février 2022) : 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40116.
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Abstract: The purpose of this research is to locate the black spot on the Lahore-Islamabad Motorway and investigate the elements that contribute to traffic accidents (M2). The National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP), Pakistan, provided 10 years of road accident data for this research. A total of 375 kilometres of M-2 were included in this study's database of sixteen hundred fifty two traffic accidents. Time, sector, beat, severity, casualty, severity index, weather, and other variables are taken into account while analysing the 2010-2020 crash data for M-2. The accident patterns and trends on various road segments have been analysed. Cars (50 percent), trucks (15 percent), buses (eight percent), and Hiace (seven percent) are the most susceptible vehicles (7 percent). More than two-thirds of accidents are caused by reckless driving (28%) or sleeping at the wheel (27%) or tyre bursts (11%) or mechanical faults (8%) or slick roads (5%) or incorrect pedestrian crossings (5%). (4 percent). In both Europe and Asia, several methodologies are used to identify problem areas. An overview of the approaches employed in Austria, Belgium, and India is presented in this work. Kallar Kahar (Salt Range) was classified as a "black spot" as a consequence of these approaches due to the large number of accidents that occur there (223 km, 224 km, 225 km, 229 km, 234 km, 195 km, and 283 km). Vehicle braking failure is the leading cause of car accidents. Because human error is a key component in car accidents, teaching drivers about traffic safety via traditional and new media may help reduce the number of collisions. Alarms and tyres monitoring gauges are advised to prevent mishaps caused by sleeping and tyre rupture. Keywords: Road Traffic Accidents, Traffic Safety, Black Spots, Motorway, Dozing alarms.
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Guerrero Barbosa, Thomas Edison, Yenica Espinel-Bayona et Darwin Palacio-Sánchez. « Effects of the Attributes Associated with Roadway Geometry, Traffic Volumes and Speeds on the Incidence of Accidents in a Mid-Size City ». Ingenieria y Universidad 19, no 2 (30 juillet 2015) : 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.iyu19-2.eaar.
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Currently traffic accidents are the second cause of death, after homicides, in Colombia. Hence, government institutions require decision-making tools to identify and tackle the causes of traffic accidents. This research aims to determine the influence of factors related to roadway geometry and conditions, and traffic volumes and speeds on the frequency of accidents on the urban road network in the city of Ocaña (north of Santander). This study will take a methodological modeling approach, which will include measuring variables in the field, creating an accidents database, and conducting a subsequent analysis of the data by calibrating a model based on Poisson and Negative Binomial regressions. The results showed that variables such as road width, number of intersections, pavement type, traffic volumes (broken down into motorcycles, light, and heavy vehicles), and average driving speed (50th percentile) relate to accident rates.
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Azhar, Aziemah, Noratiqah Mohd Ariff, Mohd Aftar Abu Bakar et Azzuhana Roslan. « Classification of Driver Injury Severity for Accidents Involving Heavy Vehicles with Decision Tree and Random Forest ». Sustainability 14, no 7 (30 mars 2022) : 4101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074101.
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Accidents involving heavy vehicles are of significant concern as it poses a higher risk of fatality to both heavy vehicle drivers and other road users. This study is carried out based on the heavy vehicle crash data of 2014, extracted from the MIROS Road Accident and Analysis and Database System (M-ROADS). The main objective of this study is to identify significant variables associated with categories of injury severity as well as classify and predict heavy vehicle drivers’ injury severity in Malaysia using the classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF) methods. Both CART and RF found that types of collision, driver errors, number of vehicles involved, driver’s age, lighting condition and types of heavy vehicle are significant factors in predicting the severity of heavy vehicle drivers’ injuries. Both models are comparable, but the RF classifier achieved slightly better accuracy. This study implies that the variables associated with categories of injury severity can be referred by road safety practitioners to plan for the best measures needed in reducing road fatalities, especially among heavy vehicle drivers.
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Schindler, Ron, Michael Jänsch, András Bálint et Heiko Johannsen. « Exploring European Heavy Goods Vehicle Crashes Using a Three-Level Analysis of Crash Data ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no 2 (7 janvier 2022) : 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020663.
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Heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) are involved in 4.5% of police-reported road crashes in Europe and 14.2% of fatal road crashes. Active and passive safety systems can help to prevent crashes or mitigate the consequences but need detailed scenarios based on analysis of region-specific data to be designed effectively; however, a sufficiently detailed overview focusing on long-haul trucks is not available for Europe. The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of crashes in the European Union that involve HGVs weighing 16 tons or more (16 t+). The identification of the most critical scenarios and their characteristics is based on a three-level analysis, as follows. Crash statistics based on data from the Community Database on Accidents on the Roads in Europe (CARE) provide a general overview of crashes involving HGVs. These results are complemented by a more detailed characterization of crashes involving 16 t+ trucks based on national road crash data from Italy, Spain, and Sweden. This analysis is further refined by a detailed study of crashes involving 16 t+ trucks in the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS), including a crash causation analysis. The results show that most European HGV crashes occur in clear weather, during daylight, on dry roads, outside city limits, and on nonhighway roads. Three main scenarios for 16 t+ trucks are characterized in-depth: rear-end crashes in which the truck is the striking partner, conflicts during right turn maneuvers of the truck with a cyclist riding alongside, and pedestrians crossing the road in front of the truck. Among truck-related crash causes, information admission failures (e.g., distraction) were the main crash causation factor in 72% of cases in the rear-end striking scenario while information access problems (e.g., blind spots) were present for 72% of cases in the cyclist scenario and 75% of cases in the pedestrian scenario. The three levels of data analysis used in this paper give a deeper understanding of European HGV crashes, in terms of the most common crash characteristics on EU level and very detailed descriptions of both kinematic parameters and crash causation factors for the above scenarios. The results thereby provide both a global overview and sufficient depth of analysis of the most relevant cases and aid safety system development.
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Intini, Paolo, Nicola Berloco, Pasquale Colonna, Sofie Ottersland Granås et Eirin Olaussen Ryeng. « Influence of Road Geometric Design Consistency on Familiar and Unfamiliar Drivers’ Performances : Crash-Based Analysis ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no 10 (23 mai 2019) : 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119851446.
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Drivers’ road familiarity is a safety-related factor. Familiar drivers may be prone to inattention and more dangerous behavior, whereas unfamiliar drivers may be affected by demanding and unexpected road environments. Previous research adequately described the role of familiarity in driving behavior and road safety performances. However, the relationships between drivers’ unfamiliarity and safety issues of road design elements are still largely unexplored and there is a lack of dedicated experimental studies. In this work, a database including run-off-road single-vehicle accidents at Norwegian rural two-lane road curves was investigated. Information about familiarity was derived from the distance from the residence of drivers involved in crashes. Road geometric variables were collected on the segment before the accident site, to provide indicators of design consistency of the previous road section. Thereafter, logistic regression was used to find relationships between predictor variables related to the geometric road design consistency and familiarity (the dependent variable). As a result of the analysis, familiarity was confirmed as a factor associated to possible dangerous behavior such as speeding in demanding road environments. However, crashes involving unfamiliar drivers are associated to unexpected curve parameters (radius and length) and the combination of horizontal and vertical curvature. Thus, as well as familiarity, drivers’ unfamiliarity may be considered as an accident factor. Moreover, some possibly useful consequences for road design are suggested for practitioners. They specifically concern provisions about radii of subsequent curves and coordination between radii of horizontal and vertical curves.
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Zainuddin, Nor Izzah, Ahmad Kamil Arshad, Wardati Hashim et Rizati Hamidun. « Heavy Goods Vehicle : Review of Studies Involving Accident Factors ». Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, no 1 (30 janvier 2023) : 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(1)-01.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The use of heavy goods vehicles (HGV) has grown locally and globally. In this regard, every road user faces a high accident risk and is susceptible to traffic-related injuries and deaths. There is a substantial focus on law enforcement to prevent overloading, speeding, and illegal substance use among drivers. Nonetheless, evidence about the complex causes of HGV accidents is still scarce. Thus, this paper aims to outline the literature related to HGV study and examine factors of HGV accidents. Several factors that significantly contribute to accidents have been identified in the literature review. The study has established three main HGV accident factors with 15 sub-HGV accident factors. The Human Factor was the most dominant, while the Vehicle Factor was the least acclaimed HGV accident factor. The review also found several areas for further empirical improvements by including diverse data sources, a more extensive database, and more advanced data analysis. Moreover, technology advancements are required to capture more detailed and richer data for future studies on HGV. Future studies related to HGV accidents are essential in reducing the fatality rate in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Goal 3 target 6, which reduces the number of individuals killed or wounded in vehicle accidents worldwide.
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Butt, Farhan Muhammad, Murtaza Ashiq, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Khurram Shahid Minhas et Muhammad Ajmal Khan. « Bibliometric analysis of road traffic injuries research in the Gulf Cooperation Council region ». F1000Research 9 (18 septembre 2020) : 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25903.1.
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Background: Despite governmental interventions, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region continues to experience higher road traffic crash and fatality rates relative to Western nations. This trend suggests a potential disconnect between Road Traffic Injuries (RTI) research and the mitigation measures put in place. Method: Here, we present an in-depth bibliometric analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding of RTI research in the GCC region. The Web of Science database was used to search and retrieve the relevant articles during the period of 1981-2019. Results: The volume of RTI research increased from 2015–2019, suggesting an increased focus on traffic safety in the GCC region. Saudi Arabia had the highest RTI research productivity level (126 publications); Bahrain had the lowest (7 publications). Inconsistent with its low publication volume, Hammad Medical Corps of Qatar had the highest citation impact score of 16.33. Global collaboration for RTI research was highest between Saudi Arabia and the United States. The most prevalent publication journal for the region was Accident Analysis and Prevention. The most common keywords were “road traffic accidents” and “road traffic injuries”; terms such as “mobile phones”, “pedestrian safety”, “pedestrians”, and “distracted driving” were least common. In the five most productive GCC nations with respect to RTI research (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman), researchers tended to publish works related to road traffic safety in traffic safety-oriented journals. Conclusions: The quantity and quality of RTI publications in GCC is insufficient to meet the increasing related public health and economic burden in the region. The trends among publication volumes, citations, and impact were inconsistent. There is a lack of research collaboration among the institutions. Most of the research related to RTI is being conducted by researchers with a medical background. Research focusing on pedestrians, cyclists and road user behavior is also inadequate.
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Butt, Farhan Muhammad, Murtaza Ashiq, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Khurram Shahid Minhas et Muhammad Ajmal Khan. « Bibliometric analysis of road traffic injuries research in the Gulf Cooperation Council region ». F1000Research 9 (16 octobre 2020) : 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25903.2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Despite governmental interventions, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region continues to experience higher road traffic crash and fatality rates relative to Western nations. This trend suggests a potential disconnect between Road Traffic Injuries (RTI) research and the mitigation measures put in place. Method: Here, we present an in-depth bibliometric analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding of RTI research in the GCC region. The Web of Science database was used to search and retrieve the relevant articles during the period of 1981-2019. Results: The volume of RTI research increased from 2015–2019, suggesting an increased focus on traffic safety in the GCC region. Saudi Arabia had the highest RTI research productivity level (126 publications); Bahrain had the lowest (7 publications). Inconsistent with its low publication volume, Hammad Medical Corps of Qatar had the highest citation impact score of 16.33. Global collaboration for RTI research was highest between Saudi Arabia and the United States. The most prevalent publication journal for the region was Accident Analysis and Prevention. The most common keywords were “road traffic accidents” and “road traffic injuries”; terms such as “mobile phones”, “pedestrian safety”, “pedestrians”, and “distracted driving” were least common. In the five most productive GCC nations with respect to RTI research (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman), researchers tended to publish works related to road traffic safety in traffic safety-oriented journals. Conclusions: The quantity and quality of RTI publications in GCC is insufficient to meet the increasing related public health and economic burden in the region. The trends among publication volumes, citations, and impact were inconsistent. There is a lack of research collaboration among the institutions. Most of the research related to RTI is being conducted by researchers with a medical background. Research focusing on pedestrians, cyclists and road user behavior is also inadequate.
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Studer, Luca, Valeria Paglino, Paolo Gandini, Andrea Stelitano, Ulderico Triboli, Federica Gallo et Giuseppe Andreoni. « Analysis of the Relationship between Road Accidents and Psychophysical State of Drivers through Wearable Devices ». Applied Sciences 8, no 8 (26 juillet 2018) : 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081230.
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A driver’s behavior and their psychophysical state are the most common causes of road accidents. The research presented in the paper proposes a method that allows the identification of highly dangerous road stretches/intersections in advance, based on the localization of stressful/relaxing situations measured on drivers. These were measured through the collection of physiological parameters using wearable devices. A correlation between stressful/relaxing situations and locations with high accident rates, based on a historical statistical database (black spots), was investigated. A series of driving tests was conducted in the city of Milan. The first set was mostly oriented to the research and validation of the parameters related to the driver’s psychophysical state. Subsequent tests allowed the definition of a correlation between black spots and relaxing/stressful areas. The results showed that the most stressful areas for drivers fell mainly within those with high accident rates. Furthermore, 80% of the most dangerous zones of the route were identified using this method, thus confirming the validity of the approach as a support tool for a priori preventive analysis for road safety. The wearable devices allowed the study and the integration of specific elements relating to human behavior in the field of road safety, which typically involves a technical-engineering approach.
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Rangam, Harikrishna, Sathish Kumar Sivasankaran et Venkatesh Balasubramanian. « Investigation of Injury patterns in Heavy-duty Single Vehicle crashes based on real-world accident data in Tamilnadu, India ». Journal of Road Safety 32, no 2 (1 mai 2021) : 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00127.
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According to the reports of NITI (National Institute of Transforming India) Aayog Freight 2018, Road freight is the prime mode (59%) of transport in India with the highest per ton-mile cost than rail or water freight (NITI Aayog, 2018). This road freight usually uses heavy-duty vehicles to transmit voluminous goods and services to the destination in time. Due to this, the heavy-duty vehicle population increased on the Indian roads. Heavy-duty vehicle crashes cause a substantial economic burden to the nation and result in more severity to the involved because of differences in weight, speed, and size. Among heavy-duty vehicle crashes, a significant proportion of crashes are heavy-duty single-vehicle crashes. Single-vehicle crashes are those crashes where the vehicle drivers either involve in self-skidding or hit a stationary object (like a tree). The purpose of this study is to investigate the injury pattern in heavy-duty single vehicle crashes. For this study, the data is extracted from the RADMS (Road Accident Database Management System) database and linked with hospital data. This data includes demographic information, road, environmental and injury characteristics. Later, descriptive statistics performed on the dataset to analyse all heavy-duty single-vehicle crashes between January 2013 and December 2018. Overall, 4704 single heavy-duty vehicle crashes occurred during this period, among which 1244 were fatal crashes. Results show that male drivers aged 26 to 64 years old suffered more fatalities (88%), followed by the 18-25 age group (8%). Examination of injury information found that heavy-duty vehicle drivers mostly sustained multiple injuries (9.05%), head injuries (5.05%), followed by leg injuries (4.29%). The results showed that specific road and environmental factors increase the chance of fatal crashes among heavy-duty vehicle drivers. Furthermore, the proposed study gives insight into the injury characteristics and key contributing factors causing heavy-duty single-vehicle crashes. Finally, this study provides appropriate countermeasures and techniques that can mitigate heavy-duty single-vehicle collisions.
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Ng, Joanne C. W., et Tarek Sayed. « Effect of geometric design consistency on road safety ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no 2 (1 février 2004) : 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-090.
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Geometric design consistency is emerging as an important rule in highway design. Identifying and treating any inconsistency on a highway can significantly improve its safety performance. Considerable research has been undertaken to explore this concept including identifying potential consistency measures and developing models to estimate them. However, little work has been carried out to quantify the safety benefits of geometric design consistency. The objectives of this study are to investigate and quantify the relationship between design consistency and road safety. A comprehensive accident and geometric design database of two-lane rural highways is used to investigate the effect of several design consistency measures on road safety. Several accident prediction models that incorporate design consistency measures are developed. The generalized linear regression approach is used for model development. The models can be used as a quantitative tool for the evaluation of the impact of design consistency on road safety. An application is presented where the ability of accident prediction models that incorporate design consistency measures is compared with those that rely on geometric design characteristics. It is found that models that explicitly consider design consistency may identify the inconsistencies more effectively and reflect the resulting impacts on safety more accurately than those that do not.Key words: geometric design consistency, road safety, quantification, accident prediction models.
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Stigson, Helena, Maria Klingegård et Anders Kullgren. « How to reduce pedestrian fatalities : a case-by-case study to evaluate the potential of vehicle and road infrastructure interventions ». Traffic Safety Research 5 (22 février 2023) : 000023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55329/rdja1963.
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In line with the UN’s global goals on sustainability several initiatives are promoting walking. However, if effective interventions are not implemented an increased number of pedestrians will lead to more road casualties. It is important to take appropriate decisions on interventions to reach Vision Zero adopted by the Swedish Government. This study describes the characteristics of fatal crashes with pedestrians on Swedish roads and investigates the potential of different vehicle and road infrastructure interventions to save lives. The Swedish Transport Administration (STA) in-depth database of fatal crashes was used for a case-by-case investigation. Out of the 226 fatally injured pedestrians during 2011–2016 in Sweden the most common accident scenario was a vehicle hitting a pedestrian while crossing the road. Most crashes occurred in darkness on rural roads (63%), but for urban areas the majority (53%) occurred in daylight. In general, interventions related to vehicle speed were found to address a larger proportion of the studied pedestrian fatalities on urban roads compared to on rural roads, while separated pedestrian paths outside the carriageway were found to address a larger proportion on rural roads compared to on urban roads. The intervention with the largest total potential was pedestrian crossings with speed calming measures for the motor vehicles, which had the potential to address 36% of the identified fatalities. A reduced speed limit in combination with speed calming interventions had the potential to prevent 29% of the studied fatalities while separate pedestrian paths outside the carriageway had the potential to prevent approximately 15%. It was estimated that the vehicle safety technology with the highest potential was autonomous emergency braking with pedestrian detection for passenger cars. With this system available on all cars, 58% of the studied fatalities could potentially be prevented. Most (up to 93%) of the studied fatally injured pedestrians could potentially be saved with known vehicle safety and road infrastructural technologies. However, the analysis of the potential effect of interventions show that it will take a long time until the advanced and potentially effective vehicle safety technologies will be widely spread. This shows the importance of speeding up the implementation. A fast implementation of effective interventions in the road infrastructure is also necessary, preferably using a plan for prioritization. There are two main approaches of doing that, separating road user groups, or reducing vehicle speeds in areas with mixed rod user groups to survivable levels, which is recommended to be 30 km/h. There is a need to identify areas where most pedestrian accidents occur and then use the most effective interventions. The results of this study could be helpful in this process.
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Seflers, Maris, Juris Kreicbergs et Gernot Sauter. « Equipment Condition for Zebra Crossing Night-Time Safety Performance in Latvia ». Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 16, no 4 (28 décembre 2021) : 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2021-16.541.
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According to road traffic accident (hereinafter referred to as RTA) statistics, the vulnerable road users are pedestrians in Latvia. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyse technical equipment used on non-signalled pedestrian crossings (zebra crossings) in Latvia and to make suggestions for measures that would increase road traffic safety on zebra crossings. RTAs involving collisions with pedestrians were filtered from the Ministry of the Interior database for a three-year period from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-two zebra crossings with a higher number of accidents with pedestrians were observed on the spot during the daylight and at night in several cities of Latvia. The main emphasis during the observation was placed on traffic signs and zebra road marking performance. Pedestrian crossings were observed from car driver’s view by taking photographs during day-time and night-time observations. Most attention was paid to road sign and road marking visibility from driver’s seat position. Retroreflection coefficient R’ was measured for each pedestrian crossing road sign. It was found that the condition and performance of traffic organisation equipment were not maintained on a regular basis and the life cycle of some traffic signs had well expired. Many road signs do not comply with minimum requirements, and road markings have weak visibility during wet weather conditions. It is recommended to improve visibility of pedestrian crossings from driver’s view in the urban areas by increasing rain vision for road markings and higher retroreflection class for traffic signs.
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Jirovský, Václav. « Classification Of Road Accidents From The Perspective Of Vehicle Safety Systems ». Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 13, no 2 (1 novembre 2015) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2015-0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Modern road accident investigation and database structures are focused on accident analysis and classification from the point of view of the accident itself. The presented article offers a new approach, which will describe the accident from the point of view of integrated safety vehicle systems. Seven main categories have been defined to specify the level of importance of automated system intervention. One of the proposed categories is a new approach to defining the collision probability of an ego-vehicle with another object. This approach focuses on determining a 2-D reaction space, which describes all possible positions of the vehicle or other moving object in the specified amount of time in the future. This is to be used for defining the probability of the vehicles interacting - when the intersection of two reaction spaces exists, an action has to be taken on the side of ego-vehicle. The currently used 1-D quantity of TTC (time-to-collision) can be superseded by the new reaction space variable. Such new quantity, whose basic idea is described in the article, enables the option of counting not only with necessary braking time, but mitigation by changing direction is then easily feasible. Finally, transparent classification measures of a probable accident are proposed. Their application is highly effective not only during basic accident comparison, but also for an on-board safety system.
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Pompone, Eduardo Cabrini, et Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto. « A Survey on Accidents in the Road Transportation of Hazardous Materials in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1983 to 2015 ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no 2 (février 2019) : 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119827915.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A survey on 4,638 accidents in the road transportation of hazardous products in São Paulo, Brazil, between 1983 and 2015 registered by Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB; average of 140.5 accidents per year) was conducted. This study aimed to present the evolution and the recent scenario of accidents involving transportation of hazardous products in a locality in the southern hemisphere. The research method adopted was documentation through data collection in the CETESB database and data analysis through descriptive statistics and f-N curves for societal risk. We concluded that: (i) there is a higher concentration of accidents from 10:00 am to 10:59 am; (ii) there is a coincidence between areas of greater urbanization and industrial vocation with areas with the greater concentration of accidents (Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (UGRHI) of Alto Tietê, with 26.5% accidents); (iii) tipping over is the main cause of accidents (33.78%); (iv) flammable liquids are the product most frequently involved in accidents (40.25%); (v) soil is the most impacted element (86% of accidents with impact to some medium); and (vi) the expected value is 36 accident victims per year. Our study highlights the need for continuous improvements in the information system and integration between agents to reduce the number of accidents of this type.
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Grolle, V., M. C. Hanauer et V. S. F. Madureira. « Profile of deaths arising from traffic accidents in a municipality in the west of Santa Catarina ». Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no 11 (29 octobre 2020) : 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/131120201140.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study aimed at identifying characteristics of fatal victims of traffic accidents and describing the profile of deaths resulting from traffic accidents in Concórdia Santa Catarina. The method was an exploratory-descriptive quantitative study developed at the Instituto Médico Legal de Concórdia from January 2010 to July 2012 through the local database. Documents from 73 fatal victims. In this study, there was a higher occurrence of collisions with a car with another vehicle or stationary object. Fatal accidents day of the week was Sunday, from 6:01 pm to 8:00 pm, in the age group 19 to 38 years old, predominantly male, transport sector workers, with vehicle driver position at the time of the accident and the public road as a place deaths. The use of alcoholic beverages was found in 38.9%. It was possible to identify the most vulnerable population and to contribute to the creation of new policies and preventive measures, in the promotion of educational campaigns focused on traffic.
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Lyon, Craig, Jutaek Oh, Bhagwant Persaud, Simon Washington et Joe Bared. « Empirical Investigation of Interactive Highway Safety Design Model Accident Prediction Algorithm : Rural Intersections ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1840, no 1 (janvier 2003) : 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1840-09.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One major gap in transportation system safety management is the ability to assess the safety ramifications of design changes for both new road projects and modifications to existing roads. To fulfill this need, FHWA and its many partners are developing a safety forecasting tool, the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). The tool will be used by roadway design engineers, safety analysts, and planners throughout the United States. As such, the statistical models embedded in IHSDM will need to be able to forecast safety impacts under a wide range of roadway configurations and environmental conditions for a wide range of driver populations and will need to be able to capture elements of driving risk across states. One of the IHSDM algorithms developed by FHWA and its contractors is for forecasting accidents on rural road segments and rural intersections. The methodological approach is to use predictive models for specific base conditions, with traffic volume information as the sole explanatory variable for crashes, and then to apply regional or state calibration factors and accident modification factors (AMFs) to estimate the impact on accidents of geometric characteristics that differ from the base model conditions. In the majority of past approaches, AMFs are derived from parameter estimates associated with the explanatory variables. A recent study for FHWA used a multistate database to examine in detail the use of the algorithm with the base model-AMF approach and explored alternative base model forms as well as the use of full models that included nontraffic-related variables and other approaches to estimate AMFs. That research effort is reported. The results support the IHSDM methodology.
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Alkheder, Sharaf A., Reem Sabouni, Hany El Naggar et Abdul Rahim Sabouni. « Driver and vehicle type parameters' contribution to traffic safety in UAE ». Journal of Transport Literature 7, no 2 (avril 2013) : 403–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2238-10312013000200021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Former traffic safety studies showed clearly that driver or human factor is a major contributor to road accidents. Hence, to better understand the traffic accident nature it's so vital to analyze all characteristics related to drivers involved in these accidents. This article focuses on this aspect through using a dataset representing UAE traffic accidents in the time interval between 2007 and 2010. A major focus was given in this article to analyzing the relation between traffic accidents and driver citizenship for all types of involved vehicles. This was due to the fact that drivers in UAE came from different backgrounds (over than 100 citizenships) and hence it's so important to identify citizenships with major involvement in road accidents for each vehicle type. This will allow traffic authorities to give special attentions to these citizenships and vehicle types through special traffic awareness programs, fining system or other preventive measures aiming to reduce the accidents frequency and severity levels. Results indicated that for all types of vehicles emirates nationals drivers represent the citizenship with the highest involvement rate in traffic accidents (30.02%) followed by Pakistanis (21.26%) then comes the Indians drivers with a percentage of 11.95%. Light vehicle type traffic accidents statistics shows that a general trend can be seen for all citizenships where there is an increase in the number of traffic accidents over the course of the three years. The main contribution of the paper is its uniqueness in analyzing such accidents database after the implementation of the new unified traffic law in UAE.
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Kandrychyn, S., et Y. Razvodovsky. « Road traffic accidents and suicide rates in Europe ». European Psychiatry 41, S1 (avril 2017) : s888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1802.
Texte intégralRésumé :
IntroductionRoad traffic death and suicide may have some similarity in their psychological correlates; furthermore, road traffic should be considered as a suicide method.AimsThe present study aims to explore the relationship between road traffic deaths and suicides in Europe.MethodsRates of road traffic accident deaths and suicides and gross national income (GNI) per capita for 40 European nations were obtained from the world health organization official database. The total sample was divided on 22 eastern European nations and 18 western European nations.ResultsMortality rate from road traffic accidents in groups of all European nations is associated positively with suicides (Pearson r = 0.45, two-tailed P < 0.01) and negatively with GNI (r = −0.64, P < 0.0001). At the same time suicide rates does not reveal a significant correlation with GNI. In the groups of eastern European nations road traffic deaths is associated positively with suicides (r = 0.57, P < 0.01) and relationship with GNI is not significant. As a contrast, in the groups of western European nations road traffic deaths is associated negatively with GNI (r = −0.69, P < 0.01) and shows any significant relationship with suicides. Although in this group, suicides show some positive correlation with GNP (r = 0.45, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe present data indicate, therefore, that mode of ecological association between three studied indices is various in the different group of European nations what suggests the multifactorial complexity of violent death etiological mechanisms. At the same time, the data allow to suggest that socioeconomic factors are more essential in prevention of road traffic mortality than suicides.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Se, Chamroeun, Thanapong Champahom, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao et Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha. « Risk Factors Affecting Driver Severity of Single- Vehicle Run Off Road Crash for Thailand Highway ». Engineering Journal 24, no 5 (30 septembre 2020) : 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2020.24.5.207.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Single-Vehicle Run Off Road (ROR) crash has been the leading crash type in terms of frequency and severity in Thailand. In this study, multinomial logit analysis was applied to identify the risk factors potentially influencing driver injury severity of single-vehicle ROR crash using accident records between 2011 and 2017 which were extracted from Highway Accident Information Management System (HAIMS) database. The analysis results show that the age of driver older than 55 years old, male driver, driver under influence of alcohol, drowsiness, ROR to left/right on straight roadway increase the probability of fatal crash, while other factors are found to mitigate severity such as the age of driver between 26-35 years old, using seatbelt, ROR and hit fixed object on straight and curve segment of roadway, mounted traffic island, intersection-related and accident in April. This study recommends the need to improve road safety campaign, law enforcement, and roadside safety features that potentially reduce level of severity of driver involving in single-vehicle ROR crash.
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Dr. A. Thomas Paul Roy, Dr. P. Gokulakrishnan, Dr S. Satheesbabu,. « Communication Assistance under Urban Vicinity in VANETs ». Psychology and Education Journal 58, no 1 (15 janvier 2021) : 4267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1493.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks (VANET) has turn up as a stand to support intelligent vehicles communication, transport safety and performance.Road accidents and traffic congestion are the significant issues of metropolitan territories. In spite of the fact that endless arrangements are given for these issues, still there is no fitting answer for street mishap recognition. Likewise, because of the deferral in arriving at the emergency vehicle to the mishap area and accordingly the gridlock in the middle of the mishap area and clinic expands the probabilities of the passing of the person in question. Thus, it is needed to give handheld answer for the general public.This paper introduces a handheld solution to reduce the loss of life due to accidents and the time taken by the ambulance to reach the hospital. First, the proposed system finds out the road accidents automatically with the help of sensors in intelligent vehicles. Second, an alert is sent to all nearby hospitals after the road accident. This system maintains a database server which holds all hospital details in around the city. A GPS or GSM gadget in the concerned vehicle will send the area character of the mishap to the close by medical clinics through primary worker and afterward a rescue vehicle from very closest clinic is shipped off the mishap spot. Alongside these, there would be an effect of traffic inside the way of the emergency vehicle utilizing RF correspondence. This will limit the hour of ambulances to arrive at the clinic.Third, this system maintains another database for all kind of mechanical services. This system provides support to the roadsiders while the vehicle got breakdown or any other service issues in the vehicle. It also saves the time of the driver and unnecessary delay. Altogether, this system provides the appropriate handheld solution to the vehicle drivers and the society.