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1
Pantalone, P. « PRINCIPIO DI LEGALITÀ E MERCATO AL COSPETTO DEI POTERI IMPLICITI ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/352702.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research aims at analyzing the influence of the implied powers theory on the Italian public law system.
In particular, the Author investigates whether and to what extent this theory - that was developed for the first time in the US in the context of the legislative power of the Union - is applicable to other public entities too and, in particular, to administrative entities.
This research will be carried out with a specific focus on the limits that the administrative action encounters in the light of the new features acquired by one of the most important principles in administrative law, that is the principle of legality.
Specifically, the Author explores the relation between the implied powers theory and the principle of legality, with specific reference to the powers granted to independent administrative authorities and to the legal context in which they operate.
In conclusion, the research focuses on some of the most recent and relevant cases where some independent authorities did (or allegedly did) specific use of their implied powers, analyzing case law on the point.
2
PALMA, MANUELA LAURA. « Il soggetto e la pratica. Tematizzazione di un implicito della clinica della formazione ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/14338.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Questo percorso di ricerca ha come oggetto di indagine l’approccio della Clinica della formazione. L’obiettivo è stato quello di cogliere la specificità di questa proposta considerandola non solo nel suo aspetto di strategia di formazione e di metodo di ricerca sul campo in educazione, ma anche e soprattutto come tentativo di ridefinizione del profilo epistemologico della pedagogia.
In questo studio si è scelto di procedere tramite l’esplicitazione di un elemento riconosciuto come impensato, come a-priori che sostiene latentemente l’intero impianto teorico e metodologico della pratica: il concetto di soggetto.
Solo presupponendo un soggetto con specifiche caratteristiche risulta possibile intendere lo statuto del dispositivo latente dissotterrato dalla Clinica della formazione e chiarire la natura del percorso di ricerca e di formazione da essa attivati. Si è promosso pertanto un lavoro “clinico” sulla Clinica della formazione.
Il concetto di soggetto è stato ricavato come precipitato di un’indagine sul funzionamento della pratica. Si è trattato di considerare come ogni pratica crei i suoi oggetti e parimenti i suoi soggetti. Sono quindi state analizzate le condizioni di visibilità dello sguardo clinico (oggettivazione) e ci si è soffermati sul dispositivo clinico e sul suo modello formativo (soggettivazione) in modo da considerare la pratica nei suoi effetti di sapere e in quelli di potere.
È stato così possibile tratteggiare il profilo del soggetto clinico. Si è riconosciuto come l’immagine del soggetto a quo la pratica prende le mosse si configuri nei termini di soggetto “pedagogico”, “contro-natura”, “trans-individuale” e “spossessato” fino a individuare nel carattere “non-indentitario” la qualificazione del soggetto ad quem la pratica formativa mira.
Il soggetto emerso dallo studio della pratica è apparso con caratteristiche molto diverse dall’immagine sostanzializzata cui il discorso pedagogico ci ha abituato, tanto da indurre a riconoscere nella Clinica della formazione una prospettiva che non solo accoglie le critiche mosse dalla filosofia del Novecento al soggetto, ma che può offrire delle indicazioni preziose sul profondo ripensamento a cui la pedagogia è chiamata alla luce della “morte dell’uomo”.
Una volta illuminato questo ingranaggio al cuore del congegno è stato possibile ricostruire l’intero meccanismo e riconoscere la specificità della Clinica della formazione come proposta epistemologica interna al discorso pedagogico. Si è avuto quindi modo di leggere questo approccio come risposta originale e attualissima rispetto a una serie di questioni e nodi problematici del dibattito pedagogico contemporaneo come la questione relativa alla dimensione valoriale e normativa insita nel gesto educativo, il problema della definizione dell’oggetto specifico del sapere pedagogico e del rapporto tra pedagogia e scienze umane, la ricerca di metodi e di paradigmi adeguati a cogliere la complessità di dimensioni proprie dell’accadere educativo, la questione del rapporto tra teoria pedagogica e prassi educativa.
3
Gould, Wren. « Implicit essentialism : genetic concepts are implicitly associated with fate concepts ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42870.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Genetic essentialism is the tendency for people to think in more essentialist ways upon encountering genetic concepts. The current studies assessed whether genetic essentialist biases would also be evident at the automatic level. In two studies, using different versions of the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998), we found that participants were faster to categorize when genes and fate were linked, compared to when these two concepts were kept separate and opposing. In addition to the wealth of past findings of genetic essentialism with explicit and deliberative measures, these biases appear to be also evident with implicit measures.
4
Popa-Roch, Maria-Antoneta. « Validation expérimentale d'une mesure implicite du préjugé : le test d'associations implicites ». Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse se situe dans le champ des recherches consacrées à la validité de construit du Test d'Associations Implicites (IAT, Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998), en tant que mesure du préjugé. Bien que ce test soit employé à des fins applicatives et de recherche, les mécanismes qui sous-tendent les effets obtenus (i. E. , effets IAT) ne sont pas encore élucidés. Afin de contribuer à la compréhension des effets IAT de groupe, nous avons mené une démarche de validation expérimentale. Le test IAT que nous avons construit a été adapté au contexte social français où la minorité la plus fréquemment cible de préjugé est celle d’origine maghrébine. Prises ensemble, nos Etudes 2, 3, 4 et 5 ont montré que le potentiel menaçant de la situation de passation de l'IAT, "transparente" du point de vue de ses objectifs, serait à même d'augmenter l'effet expérimental. Les Etudes 6 et 7 ont confirmé que les processus attentionnels impliqués dans les tâches de catégorisation binaire peuvent expliquer, au moins partiellement, l'effet IAT indépendamment du construit d'intérêt. Enfin, les résultats des Etudes 8 et 9 sont conformes à l'hypothèse suivante : du fait de l'inclusion du Soi du participant dans l'une des deux catégories sociales cibles de la mesure (i. E. , Français et Maghrébin), la catégorisation des stimuli par référencement au Soi pourrait être un processus heuristique contribuant massivement à la production de l'effet IAT en faveur du groupe d'appartenance. Outre les circonstances de la passation, les propriétés perceptivo-attentionnelles des cibles et l'identité de groupe du répondant, des caractéristiques personnelles telles que l'âge ou le niveau d'études peuvent également contribuer à l'effet IAT (Etude 1). Au terme de ce travail, il s'avère que l'influence de sources multiples dont les contributions respectives restent inconnues hypothèque pour l'instant sérieusement la validité de construit de l'IAT en tant que test diagnostique du préjugé. Pour terminer nous concluons en recommandant que les éventuelles tentatives de validation à venir portent sur l'IAT défini comme un test (versus une procédure), ce qui implique de le mettre à l'épreuve en arrêtant au préalable ce qui le compose (i. E. , le matériel, les consignes, les caractéristiques de la population et les conditions de passation). Qu'il s'agisse d'un test par mesure indirecte ne justifie en rien l'abandon de ce principe méthodologique, bien au contraireThis thesis aimed at contributing to the topic of construct validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT, Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998), considered as a prejudice measure. Although the IAT is currently employed for both research and applied purposes, the mechanism underlying the IAT effect is not yet fully understood. We adopted an experimental approach of the IAT construct validity in order to improve the comprehension of the IAT functioning. The IAT task was adapted to the French social context, where the North African minority is most frequently the target of prejudice. Considered together, Experiments 2, 3, 4 and 5 suggested that the IAT experimental situation has a threatening potential through the transparency of its purpose. The consequence would be an artificial inflation of the positive IAT effects (in the sense of in-group preferences). Experiments 6 and 7 confirmed that attention processes implied by binary categorisations could account, at least partially, for the IAT effect. Furthermore, we predicted that due to participant inclusion in one of the two target categories (i. E. , French versus North-African), categorisation of stimuli related to the "Self" may be an available heuristic with an important contribution to positive IAT effects reflecting in-group favouritism. Experiments 8 and 9 are consistent with this prediction. In addition, Experiment 1 demonstrated that personal characteristics such as age, education and ethnicity could exert their own influence on the IAT effect. The weights of the factors leading to the IAT effect is not yet established and, thus, undermine the construct validity of the IAT, considered as a diagnostic tool of prejudice. To conclude, we are arguing that IAT validation as a test (versus procedure) requests a clear specification of the contribution of all IAT components (i. E. , material, instructions, population and experimental conditions) to the IAT effect
5
Rubiano, Thomas. « Implicit Computational Complexity and Compilers ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD076/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Complexity theory helps us predict and control resources, usually time and space, consumed by programs. Static analysis on specific syntactic criterion allows us to categorize some programs. A common approach is to observe the program’s data’s behavior. For instance, the detection of non-size-increasing programs is based on a simple principle : counting memory allocation and deallocation, particularly in loops. This way, we can detect programs which compute within a constant amount of space. This method can easily be expressed as property on control flow graphs. Because analyses on data’s behaviour are syntactic, they can be done at compile time. Because they are only static, those analyses are not always computable or easily computable and approximations are needed. “Size-Change Principle” from C. S. Lee, N. D. Jones et A. M. Ben-Amram presented a method to predict termination by observing resources evolution and a lot of research came from this theory. Until now, these implicit complexity theories were essentially applied on more or less toy languages. This thesis applies implicit computational complexity methods into “real life” programs by manipulating intermediate representation languages in compilers. This give an accurate idea of the actual expressivity of these analyses and show that implicit computational complexity and compilers communities can fuel each other fruitfully. As we show in this thesis, the methods developed are quite generals and open the way to several new applicationsLa théorie de la complexité´e s’intéresse à la gestion des ressources, temps ou espace, consommés par un programmel ors de son exécution. L’analyse statique nous permet de rechercher certains critères syntaxiques afin de catégoriser des familles de programmes. L’une des approches les plus fructueuses dans le domaine consiste à observer le comportement potentiel des données manipulées. Par exemple, la détection de programmes “non size increasing” se base sur le principe très simple de compter le nombre d’allocations et de dé-allocations de mémoire, en particulier au cours de boucles et on arrive ainsi à détecter les programmes calculant en espace constant. Cette méthode s’exprime très bien comme propriété sur les graphes de flot de contrôle. Comme les méthodes de complexité implicite fonctionnent à l’aide de critères purement syntaxiques, ces analyses peuvent être faites au moment de la compilation. Parce qu’elles ne sont ici que statiques, ces analyses ne sont pas toujours calculables ou facilement calculables, des compromis doivent être faits en s’autorisant des approximations. Dans le sillon du “Size-Change Principle” de C. S. Lee, N. D. Jones et A. M. Ben-Amram, beaucoup de recherches reprennent cette méthode de prédiction de terminaison par observation de l’évolution des ressources. Pour le moment, ces méthodes venant des théories de la complexité implicite ont surtout été appliquées sur des langages plus ou moins jouets. Cette thèse tend à porter ces méthodes sur de “vrais” langages de programmation en s’appliquant au niveau des représentations intermédiaires dans des compilateurs largement utilises. Elle fournit à la communauté un outil permettant de traiter une grande quantité d’exemples et d’avoir une idée plus précise de l’expressivité réelle de ces analyses. De plus cette thèse crée un pont entre deux communautés, celle de la complexité implicite et celle de la compilation, montrant ainsi que chacune peut apporter à l’autre
6
Cleeremans, Axel. « Conscience et apprentissage : une perspective dynamique ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211510.
Texte intégral
7
Destrebecqz, Arnaud. « Mesures directes et indirectes de l'apprentissage implicite : étude expérimentale et modélisation ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211744.
Texte intégral
8
Fessard, Brunelle. « Les obligations non matérialisées dans les contrats ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD010/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’analyse de la pratique et de la jurisprudence démontre qu’indépendamment de l’existence ou non d’un acteinstrumentaire, certaines obligations dont le contenu n’est pas retranscrit par écrit et qui ne relèvent pas de lacatégorie des obligations imposées contraignent les parties. L’identification d’une double condition de qualificationrévèle l’existence d’une catégorie obligationnelle particulière qui, n’étant pas envisagée en tant que telle par le droitpositif, invite à l’analyse. L’étude des obligations non matérialisées se révèle nécessaire afin de comprendre tant leur mécanique de fonctionnement que les fondements de leur effet contraignant. Les unes, qualifiées d’obligations non matérialisées par renvoi explicite, s’identifient par la stipulation, par les parties, d’une clause par référence dans l’instrumentum qui fait expressément référence à leur caractère obligatoire. Si leur effet contraignant est, donc, justifié par la forceobligatoire du contrat dans lequel la stipulation contractuelle est prévue, le contenu imposable à la relationcontractuelle n’est, toutefois, pas retranscrit dans l’écrit principal. Les autres, qualifiées d’obligations non matérialiséespar renvoi implicite, sont celles qui s’ordonnent aux contractants sans que ces derniers ne justifient d’une volontéexplicite de s’y soumettre. Si cette définition est similaire à celle des obligations imposées en ce qu’elles ne sont pasnécessairement rattachables à la commune intention des parties, ces obligations non matérialisées s’en distinguent parleur fondement. Lorsque les obligations imposées se justifient par la lettre ou la mise en oeuvre d’une dispositionlégale, les obligations non matérialisées par renvoi implicite s’expliquent par la notion d’utilité. La révélation des obligations non matérialisées dans les contrats s’attache à un intérêt pratique puisqu’au terme decette démarche, une visibilité relative à leurs effets permet d’identifier les lacunes que leur effet obligatoire suscite et,partant, les solutions qu’il apparaît opportun d’appliquer. La nature et l’importance des difficultés révélées justifient,alors, la nécessité d’établir un traitement juridique, mais également, de déceler les éléments indispensables à uneproposition qui leur est adaptée. Il se constate que les insuffisances liées au caractère obligatoire des obligations non matérialisées ne leur sont pas spécifiques en ce qu’elles peuvent, du fait de leur caractère général, être décelées dans d’autres situations contractuelles. Les traitements proposés dans la présente étude ont, ainsi, vocation à s’appliquer à l’ensemble de la matière contractuelleThe analysis of practice and of case-law shows that, independent of the existence or not of a legal instrument, certain obligations the contents of which have not been made in writing and which do not fall under the category of imposed obligations are binding on the parties. The identification of a double condition of qualification shows the existence of a specific obligational category which, not having been envisaged as such by positive law, calls for analysis.The analysis of their exteriorisation proves to be necessary in order to understand not only the way they function but also the foundations of their enforceability. Some, qualified as non-materialized obligations by explicit reference, are identified by the stipulation, by the parties, of a clause by reference in the instrumentum which expressly refers to their enforceability. If their binding nature is, therefore, justified by the binding nature of the contract in which the contractual stipulation is provided, the contents binding vis-à-vis the contractual relationship is not, however, transcribed in the main instrument in writing. The others, qualified as non-materialized obligations by implicit reference, are those which are binding on the contracting parties without the latter justifying any explicit wish to comply with them. If this definition is similar to that of imposed obligations in that they are not necessarily expressly bound to the common intention of the parties, these non-materialized obligations can be distinguished by their foundation. Whereas imposed obligations are justified by the letter or the carrying out of a legal provision, non-materialized obligations by implicit reference can be explained by the notion of utility. The revelation of non-materialized obligations in contracts can be linked to a practical interest as, at the end of this process, a certain visibility concerning their effects enables both the shortcomings caused by their binding nature and hence the seemingly appropriate solutions to apply to be identified. The nature and the importance of the difficulties revealed justify, therefore, the necessity of setting up legal treatment, but also, of identifying the elements indispensable to find a proposition adapted to them. It can be seen that the insufficiencies related to the binding nature of non-materialized obligations are not specific to them in that they can, because of their general nature, be found in other contractual situations. The ways of treating this put forward in this study can therefore be applied to all contractual matters
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Reuter, Robert. « Direct and indirect measures of learning in visual search ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209542.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this thesis, we will explore direct and indirect measures of learning in a visual search task commonly called contextual cueing. In the first part, we present a review of the scientific literature on contextual cueing, in order to give the readers of this thesis a better general idea of existing evidence and open questions within this relatively new research field. The aims of our own experimental studies presented in the succeeding chapters are the following ones: (1) to replicate and extend the findings described in the various papers by Marvin Chun and various colleagues on contextual cueing of visual attention; (2) to explore the nature of memory representations underlying the observed learning effects, especially whether learning is actually implicit and whether memory representations are distinctive, episodic and instance-based or rather distributed, continuous and graded; (3) to extend the study of contextual cueing to more realistic visual stimuli, in order to test its robustness across various situations and validate its adaptive value in ecologically sound conditions;and (4) to investigate whether such knowledge about the association between visual contexts and “meaningful” locations can be (automatically) transferred to other tasks, namely a change detection task.
In a first series of four experiments, we tried to replicate the documented contextual cueing effect using a wide range of various direct measures of learning (tasks that are supposed to be related to explicit knowledge) and we systematically varied the distinctiveness of context configurations to study its effect on both direct and indirect measures of learning.
We also ran a series of neural network simulations (briefly described in the general discussion of this thesis), based on a very simple association-learning mechanism, that not only account for the observed contextual cueing effect, but also yield rather specific predictions about future experimental data: contextual cueing effects should also be observed when repetitions of context configurations are not perfect, i.e. the networks were able to react to slightly distorted versions of repeating contexts in a similar way than they did to completely identical contexts. Human participants, we conjectured, should therefore (if the simple connectionist model captures some relevant aspects of the contextual cueing effect) become faster at detecting targets surrounded by context configurations that are only partially identical from trial to trial compared to those trials where the context configurations were randomly generated. These predictions were tested in a second series of experiments using pseudo-repeated context configurations, where some distractor items were either displaced from trial to trial or their orientation changed, while conserving their global layout.
In a third series of experiments, we used more realistic images of natural landscapes as background contexts to establish the robustness of the contextual cueing effect as well as its ecological relevance claimed by Chun and colleagues. We furthermore added a second task to these experiments to study whether the acquired knowledge about the background-target location associations would (automatically) transfer to another visual search task, namely a change detection task. If participants have learned that certain locations of the repeated images are “important”, since they contain the target item to look for, then changes occurring at those specific locations should lead to less “change blindness” than changes occurring at other irrelevant locations. We used two different types of instructions to introduce this second task after the visual search task, where we either stressed the link between the two tasks, i.e. telling them that remembering the “important” locations for each image could be used to find the changes faster, or we simply told them to perform the second task without any reference to the first one.
We will close this thesis with a general discussion, combining findings based on our review of the existing research literature and findings based on our own experimental explorations of the contextual cueing effect. By this we will discuss the implications of our empirical studies for the scientific investigation of contextual cueing and implicit learning, in terms of theoretical, empirical and methodological issues.
Doctorat en sciences psychologiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
10
Arborelius, Jon. « Den implicite författaren : En diskussion kring begreppet "implicit författare", med en exemplifierande analys av Karl Ove Knausgårds roman Min kamp ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242763.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Uppsatsen undersöker och diskuterar begreppet "implicit författare" med utgångspunkt i en hypotetisk-intentionalistisk tolkningsmodell för skönlitterära texter. Uppsatsens syfte är att fördjupa och precisera begreppet "implicit författare", samt att visa hur begreppet kan vara behjälpligt vid en analys av ett skönlitterärt verk. Uppsatsen avslutas med en exemplifierande analys av inledningen till Karl Ove Knausgårds roman Min kamp.
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Hedin, Kerstin, et Carolina Larsson. « Vårdcentralens arbetssätt för en attraktiv arbetsplats ». Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3292.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ett ämne som är återkommande i medier är användningen av stafettläkare. Ämnet är aktuellt och enligt oss outforskat. Denna studie har genomförts för att ge en inblick av vårdcentralens ledning och sätt att arbeta för att vara en attraktiv arbetsplats. Vi har genom en intervjustudie skapat en bild av stafettläkarnas syn av att arbeta på en vårdcentral och om varför de väljer denna form av anställning. För att få fram data har vi utgått från en teoretisk referensram som har omfattat hur ett samspel kan uppstå mellan fördelningen av arbetsuppgifterna, sätt att leda och sätt att skapa motivation. Detta har legat till grund för vårt val av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Den tydligaste faktorn som varit avgörande för att välja en anställning som stafettläkare istället för en fast anställning visa sig vara friheten. Denna frihet har lett till att läkaren själv kan styra över sin arbetande tid och val av semester såväl när som varaktighet. Något som tydligt framkommer i denna studie är tidsbristen som ofta nämns i flertalet sammanhang. Verksamhetschefer anser sig ha för lite tid för utveckling och läkare anser sig ha för lite tid för patienterna och det administrativa arbetet. Tidigare forskning berör ledning och organisering inom sjukvård främst inom storsjukhus, medan forskningen på mindre enheter saknas i stor utsträckning. Vidare öppnar denna undersökning upp för vidare forskning inom primärvården då denna studie påvisar att det finns tydliga brister gällande resurser och arbetsbelastning.A subject that is recurrent in media is the use of relay doctors. The topic is current and according to us unexplored. This study was conducted to provide insight of health center's management and ways of working to be an attractive workplace. We have through interviews created a picture of the relay doctors' views of working in a health center and about why they choose this form of employment. To obtain data, we have assumed a theoretical framework that has covered how an interaction can occur between the allocation of functions, ways to lead and ways to create motivation. This has been the basis for our choice of semi-structured interviews. The most obvious factor has been crucial to select a position as a relay doctor instead of a permanent employment proves to be freedom. This freedom has given the doctors has more control over their working time and choice of holiday in terms of both duration and when. Something that clearly emerges from this study is the lack of time that is often mentioned in most contexts. Health care managers feel that they do not have enough time for development and doctors consider themselves have too little time for patients and administrative work. Previous research involves management and organization in healthcare mainly in large hospitals, while research on smaller units is largely lacking. Furthermore, this study opens up for further research in primary care as this study demonstrates that there are clear gaps existing resources and workload. The language of this paper is Swedish.
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Vosyková, Monika. « Implicitní daň důchodového pojištění ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85960.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis deals with the evaluation system of pensions from the perspective of the implicit pension taxes. It describes the conditions for entitlement to retirement pension and its calculation. It also specifies the method of calculating the implicit pension taxes. This calculation is applied to the model examples. The results determine whether the current pension scheme motivates individuals to remain in the labor market or whether it encourages them to retire.
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IOVINE, SALVATORE. « Lo sviluppo di uno strumento implicito per la misura dell'attaccamento al caregiver e a Dio ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/81566.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In questo studio è stato sviluppato uno strumento implicito per la misurazione dell'attaccamento al caregiver e alla divinità, attraverso l'utilizzo della tecnica dell'Implicit Association Test. A tal proposito è stata verificato l'ipotesi di corrispondenza tra stile di attaccamento al caregiver e l'immagine che il credente sviluppa rispetto al proprio legame con la divinità. Lo studio completo è composto da diverse fasi di sviluppo con la creazione di un importante strumento di misura da poter utilizzare nell'ambito della psicologia della religione.
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Karaca, Mehmet. « Contribution au développement de la simulation des grandes échelles implicite pour compressible et écoulements turbulents réactifs ». Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE2050.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce travail a pour but de comparer les approches de simulation numérique des grandes échelles explicite (LES) et implicite (ILES) pour un jet turbulent non-réactif ou réactif d’hydrogène à grande vitesse dans un co-courant d’air, typique d’un super-statoréacteur. La résolution des calculs va de 32 × 32 × 128 à 256 × 256 × 1024, à l’aide d’un schéma WENO d’ordre 5. Les LES explicites emploient les modèles sous-maille de Smagorinsky et de Fonction de Structure Sélective, associés au transport moléculaire. Les LES implicites sont réalisées avec et sans modèle de transport moléculaire, en résolvant les équations de Navier- Stokes ou d’Euler. Dans le cas non-réactif, le modèle de Smagorinsky est trop dissipatif. Le modèle de Fonction de Structure Sélective améliore les résultats, sans faire mieux que l’approche ILES quelle que soit la résolution. Dans le cas réactif, une coupure physique visqueuse est indispensable pour fixer une épaisseur à la flamme, et assurer la convergence en maillage de l’approche ILES. On montre aussi que les résultats LES/ILES sont moins sensibles aux conditions d’injection que ceux de l’approche RANS. Le premier chapitre est une introduction générale au contexte de l’étude. Au second chapitre, on rappelle les équations générales pour un écoulement réactif et on détaille les modèles thermodynamique et de transport retenus. Au troisième chapitre, les équations de la LES et les modèles sous-maille sont présentés. On examine également quelques propriétés du schéma numérique. Le chapitre 4 est consacré à la méthode numérique et au code de calcul. Enfin, on présente les cas-tests et on discute les résultats au chapitre 5This work is intended to compare Large Eddy Simulation and Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (LES and ILES) for a turbulent, non-reacting or reacting high speed H2 jet in co-flowing air, typical of scramjet engines. Numerical simulations are performed at resolutions ranging from 32 × 32 × 128 to 256 × 256 × 1024, using a 5th order WENO scheme. Physical LES are carried out with the Smagorinsky and the Selective Structure Function models associated to molecular diffusion. Implicit LES are performed with and without molecular diffusion, by solving either the Navier-Stokes or the Euler equations. In the nonreacting case, the Smagorinsky model is too dissipative. The Selective Structure Function leads to better results, but does not show any superiority compared to ILES, whatever the grid resolution. In the reacting case, a molecular viscous cut-off in the simulation is mandatory to set a physical width for the reaction zone in the ILES approach, hence to achieve grid-convergence. It is also found that LES/ILES are less sensitive to the inlet conditions than the RANS approach. The first chapter is an introduction to the context of this study. In the second chapter, the governing equations for multispecies reacting flows are presented, with emphasis on the thermodynamic and transport models. In the third chapter, physical LES equations and explicit sub-grid modeling strategies are detailed. Some properties of the numerical scheme are also investigated. In chapter four, the numerical scheme and some aspects of the solver are explained. Finally, non-reacting and reacting numerical experiments are presented and the results are discussed
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Vinterfrost, Jenny, et Aino Järveläinen. « Implicita och explicita attityder om politiker : sociala och traditionella mediers påverkan ». Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tidigare forskning har visat att implicita och explicita attityder formas och förändras oberoende av varandra, samt att allt fler politiker använder sig av sociala medier för att nå ut till sina väljare. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka hur deltagarnas implicita och explicita attityder, gentemot två fiktiva politiker, påverkas av traditionella och sociala medier. I studien användes en experimentell mellangruppsdesign där deltagarna slumpmässigt fördelades till olika betingelser. Dessa bestod av positiva och negativa nyhetsitems från dels traditionella dels sociala medier. I undersökningen, som genomfördes på internet, deltog 126 personer. För att mäta deltagarnas attitydförändringar användes dels ett Implicit Association Test (IAT), dels ett explicit frågeformulär. Traditionella media påverkade explicita attityder signifikant.
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Boyer, Maud. « Les mécanismes d'abstraction dans l'apprentissage de séquence : études empiriques et modélisation ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211519.
Texte intégral
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Blažytė, Ingrida. « Nekontekstinė ir kontekstinė implikacija ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050531_215131-10387.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The process of communication involves two types of meaning: explicit and implicit. An attempt is made to draw a distinction between two carriers of implicit meaning- presupposition and implicature. It is argued that presupposition is what the speaker assumes before making an utterance, and implicature is what the addressee infers from a linguistic structure used in an appropriate linguistic context. Implicature is of two types: non-contextual (or non-situational) and contextual (or situational). Although both types of implicature are determined by the context, they are generated using different types of context. Non-contextual implicature arises in contexts which are familiar to the addressee, while contextual implicature arises in contexts (situations) which are new to the addressee. Pragmatic competence is the ability to discover implicit meaning. Thus, of great importance is the description of the mechanism that carries implicit meaning. There are two such mechanisms: 1) linguistic structures used in appropriate linguistic contexts and 2) linguistic structures used in appropriate situations. The first mechanism is responsible for the generation of non-contextual implicature while the second mechanism is responsible for the generation of contextual implicature. Both types of implicature contribute to the economy of language. However, of the two types of implicature, the more important in the respect is contextual implicature- it makes possible to use one and the same... [to full text]
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Richard, Olivier. « Considérations adaptatives. Mesures explicites et implicites de l'anxieté de reblessure ». Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30024.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’anxiété de reblessure, cette appréhension à l’idée de se reblesser, fait partie des réactions psychologiques survenant suite à une blessure. La littérature scientifique n’a pour le moment fait état de cette dernière uniquement comme un facteur négatif qu’il faut prendre en charge. En effet, étudiée exclusivement chez les sportifs, elle semble être un obstacle lors de la rééducation et du retour au sport. Nous souhaitons adopter un autre point de vue et considérer le caractère adaptatif de cette émotion, en nous basant sur le caractère protecteur que nous connaissons de l’anxiété et ses tendances à l’action (l’évitement et l’inhibition). À travers cet ensemble de recherches, nous avons donc exploré le caractère bénéfique de l’anxiété de reblessure dans une population sportive, mais également non-sportive.Le document se déroule en 5 chapitres. Au cours du premier chapitre, nous faisons état de la littérature sur l’anxiété de reblessure. Puis dans un second chapitre, nous développons une mesure explicite de l’anxiété de reblessure. Un troisième chapitre explore les liens qu’entretiennent l’anxiété de reblessure et la prise de risque alors qu’un quatrième chapitre porte sur la mesure implicite de l’anxiété de reblessure et ses tendances automatiques à l’action. Enfin, un cinquième et dernier chapitre dans lequel nous discutons des résultats et de la prise en charge de l’anxiété de reblessureReinjury anxiety is a psychological reaction arising further to an injury. Currently, the scientific literature considers reinjury anxiety solely as a negativ emotion you have to deal with and make disappear. Fact is, reinjury anxiety seems to be an hindrance to reeducation and a potential trouble when restarting a physical activity. We would like to adopt another point of view and consider the adaptive aspect of this emotion. We know anxiety, as a defensive reaction, makes you prone to action (avoidance and inhibition) and therefore could also be used as a positive incentive. Through our researches, we explored the positive aspects and mechanisms of reinjury anxiety on sportsman and non-sportsman people.The file is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the academic work concerning reinjury anxiety. In a second chapter, we develop an explicit measure to reinjury anxiety. Chapter three explores the connections between reinjury anxiety and risk taking. The fourth chapter is related to the implicit measure of reinjury anxiety and its action readiness. Finally, in the fifth and last chapter, we discuss the results and the psychological treatment for reinjury anxiety
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Söderlund, Johan. « Implicit användarmodellering ». Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-757.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ntranät har medfört många nya möjligheter för företag och organisationer. Samtidigt har det också orsakat problem kring hur de nya flödena med kommunikation och information skall hanteras. Utbudet av information ökar samtidigt som vårt begränsade fält av uppmärksamhet är ändligt. Informationsstress har blivit ett begrepp som används i detta sammanhang. För att möta upp mot detta problem förser vi oss med tekniker och hjälpmedel som är tänkta att reducera överflödet av information. Användarmodellering är en teknik som är avsedd för att avhjälpa denna problematik. Genom att specificera användarens intressen kan andelen relevant information ökas. Vid implicit användarmodellering analyseras användarens handhavande då denne tar del av information, för att på så sätt bilda en uppfattning om individens intressen. Tekniken är inte fulländad varför projektet har undersökt hur tekniken kan utvecklas och vilka beteenden som har bäst förmåga att ge ledning till den upplevda relevansen. Projektet har identifierat ett flertal potentiella utvecklingsmöjligheter och fyra beteenden som har särskild god förmåga att ge ledning till den upplevda relevansen.
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Kouadio, Pémon. « Réception des communications médiatiques persuasives : influences non conscientes de la publicité digitale sur le comportement ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0424.
Texte intégralRésumé :
De récents modèles théoriques, inscrits dans le champ de la communication persuasive et des effets des médias, montrent que les messages publicitaires perçus et oubliés peuvent tout de même être stockés dans un type de mémoire, la mémoire implicite (« non consciente »). Les individus utilisent cette dernière pour former des jugements et des comportements sans qu’ils soient capables d’en indiquer de manière valide les véritables déterminants. Peu de recherches ont été menées en sciences de l’information et de la communication pour comprendre les processus de réception et les effets « non conscients » de ce type de messages. En fonction de leur contenu sémiotique (image ou mot), comment sont-ils reçus, traités, mémorisés et utilisés comme base pour former de futurs comportements ? Dans un paradigme de traitement de l’information et de la cognition implicite, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie mixte pour répondre à la problématique des processus expliquant les effets des publicités vues rapidement et aussitôt oubliées sur les comportements effectifs des usagers d’internetRecent theoretical models in the field of persuasive communication and media effects, argue that perceived and forgotten messages can be stored in a type of memory called the implicit or non-conscious memory. People use this kind of memory to form judgments and behaviors without being able to validly indicate the true determinants. Little research has been done in the field of information and communication sciences to understand reception processes and the "unconscious" effects of such messages. Depending on their semiotic content (image or word), how are they received, processed, memorized and used as a basis for future behavior? In a paradigm of information processing and implicit cognition, we used a mixed methodology to answer the problem of processes explaining the effects of quickly seen and rapidly forgotten advertisements on the actual behavior of Internet users
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Poulet, Sarah. « Contextual Cueing : apprentissage des régularités spatiales de l’environnement au cours de la recherche visuelle et accès conscient aux connaissances ». Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Face à la surcharge informationnelle inhérente à la complexité du monde visuel, pour pallier la limitation de ses capacités de traitement et ajuster au mieux son comportement, l’être humain est capable d’apprendre et d’exploiter des régularités présentes dans son environnement visuel. S’il est complexe, le monde visuel n’en est effectivement pas moins hautement structuré et redondant, le contexte dans lequel s’inscrivent les objets constituant dès lors une source de prédictibilité profitable aux observateur·rice·s. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, le paradigme de Contextual Cueing (CC) offre un outil expérimental pour étudier, en laboratoire, comment il est ainsi possible d’apprendre des régularités spatiales existant dans la localisation relative de différents objets, pour faciliter les comportements de recherche visuelle. Le CC alimentant une littérature particulièrement abondante et prolifique, la première partie de cette thèse fait état de l’ensemble des travaux préexistants sur le paradigme. Au travers de cette revue de questions, sont principalement discutées la nature implicite du phénomène, la caractérisation des connaissances acquises et de leur effet facilitateur, ainsi que la transposabilité et la généralisation du CC spatial à d’autres régularités ou environnements. Dans une seconde partie, nous présentons trois études expérimentales menées à partir de ce paradigme. La première d’entre elles montre que dans des scènes naturelles, l’acquisition de connaissances implicites tend à précéder l’exploitation consciente des régularités classiquement attachée au CC dans ce type d’environnement. Dans des contextes artificiels et abstraits (i.e., configurations de lettres), si le CC ne paraît pas avant tout dépendre de la bonne mise en œuvre de processus explicites et conscients, notre deuxième étude rapporte que son intégrité est menacée au cours du vieillissement normal. Enfin, notre troisième étude explore les possibilités d’apprentissage en situation d’expositions très brèves aux régularités (i.e., 50ms), et suggère que ces dernières peuvent effectivement être extraites et exploitées alors même que les environnements de recherche ne sont pas (physiquement) disponibles suffisamment longtemps pour permettre à la recherche d’être complétéeWhile deeply complex, the visual world is highly structured and redundant. Through experience, human beings can thus learn regularities present in the visual world, and exploit them to deal with information overload and facilitate behaviors. For the past twenty years, the Contextual Cueing (CC) paradigm has provided an experimental tool to study, in the laboratory, how spatial regularities can be learned to expedite visual search. The first part of this dissertation reviews the existing literature related to this paradigm. It mainly discusses the implicit nature of CC, the characterization of the acquired knowledge and its facilitating effect, as well as the generalization of spatial CC to other regularities and environments. In a second part, three experimental studies using the CC paradigm are presented. The first one shows that, in natural scenes, the acquisition of implicit knowledge tends to precede the conscious exploitation of regularities that classically accompanies CC in this type of environment. In artificial scenes (i.e., letter configurations), even if CC does not seem to primarily depend on the proper implementation of explicit and conscious processes, our second study reports that its integrity is threatened during normal ageing. Finally, our third study investigates whether CC can emerge from very brief exposures of regularities (i.e., 50ms), and suggests that regularities can actually be extracted and exploited even though search displays are not (physically) available long enough to complete the search
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Richardson, Andrew Xenos. « Evaluating Human-Robot Implicit Communication through Human-Human Implicit Communication ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5457.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) research is examining ways to make human-robot (HR) communication more natural. Incorporating natural communication techniques is expected to make HR communication seamless and more natural for humans. Humans naturally incorporate implicit levels of communication, and including implicit communication in HR communication should provide tremendous benefit. The aim for this work was to evaluate a model for human-robot implicit communication. Specifically, the primary goal for this research was to determine whether humans can assign meanings to implicit cues received from autonomous robots as they do for identical implicit cues received from humans. An experiment was designed to allow participants to assign meanings to identical, implicit cues (pursuing, retreating, investigating, hiding, patrolling) received from humans and robots. Participants were tasked to view random video clips of both entity types, label the implicit cue, and assign a level of confidence in their chosen answer. Physiological data was tracked during the experiment using an electroencephalogram and eye-tracker. Participants answered workload and stress measure questionnaires following each scenario. Results revealed that participants were significantly more accurate with human cues (84%) than with robot cues (82%), however participants were highly accurate, above 80%, for both entity types. Despite the high accuracy for both types, participants remained significantly more confident in answers for humans (6.1) than for robots (5.9) on a confidence scale of 1 - 7. Subjective measures showed no significant differences for stress or mental workload across entities. Physiological measures were not significant for the engagement index across entity, but robots resulted in significantly higher levels of cognitive workload for participants via the index of cognitive activity. The results of this study revealed that participants are more confident interpreting human implicit cues than identical cues received from a robot. However, the accuracy of interpreting both entities remained high. Participants showed no significant difference in interpreting different cues across entity as well. Therefore, much of the ability of interpreting an implicit cue resides in the actual cue rather than the entity. Proper training should boost confidence as humans begin to work alongside autonomous robots as teammates, and it is possible to train humans to recognize cues based on the movement, regardless of the entity demonstrating the movement.ID: 031001467; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Waldemar Karwowski.; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 10, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-98).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering
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Dwyer, Susan Jane. « Making "implicit" explicit--toward an account of implicit linguistic knowledge ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13442.
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Kamber, Jussila Linda, et Gabrielle Fermby. « Implicita attityder till frivilligt barnfria : En kvantitativ studie om hur olika grupptillhörigheter påverkar individens attityd till frivilligt barnfria ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62585.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Det finns en skillnad mellan att vara barnlös och barnfri, nämligen att inte kunna få och att välja bort barn. Enligt tidigare forskning beskrivs frivilligt barnfria ofta som avvikande och stigmatiseras av samhället. Att detta även är fallet i Sverige kan ses som förvånande då landets befolkning överlag har starkt individualistiska attityder som står i kontrast till traditionella värderingar, till exempel barnfamiljens starka ställning. Denna kvantitativa studie avser att mäta implicita attityder till frivilligt barnfria individer och individer med barn med hjälp av ett implicita associationstest. Åttio respondenter med olika ålder, kön, utbildningsnivå, civilstatus och boendesituation genomförde testet. Vi undersöker deras implicita attityder till barnlöshet generellt, samt huruvida dessa attityder varierar mellan olika grupper bland respondenterna. Vi undersöker också om det finns någon korrelation mellan implicita och explicita attityder till barnfrihet. Studien är sociologisk och resultaten analyseras genom en sociologisk socialpsykologisk ansats. Detta är ett relativt nytt sätt att hantera data från ett implicit associationstest.There is a difference between childlessness and being childfree, namely to not be able and to voluntarily choose not to have children. According to previous research, childfree individuals are often described as deviant and are stigmatised in society. It may be surprising however to find that this is the case also in Sweden, a country where population generally has strong individualistic attitudes, in contrast to holding traditional values such as the value of the nuclear family. This quantitative study measures implicit attitudes to voluntarily childfree individuals and individuals with children respectively, using an implicit association test. Eighty respondents with different genders, ages, levels of education, civil status and living conditions, took the test. We investigate their implicit attitudes to being childfree, as well as whether those attitudes vary between different groups of respondents. We also investigate if there are any correlations between implicit and explicit attitudes to being childfree. The study is sociological and the results are analysed using a sociological social psychological approach. This is a relatively new way to process data from an implicit association test.
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Chernyshova, Elizaveta. « Expliciter et inférer dans la conversation : modélisation de la séquence d’explicitation dans l’interaction ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2132/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse porte sur la co-construction de la signification en interaction et les manifestations des processus interprétatifs des participants. En s’intéressant au processus d’explicitation, c’est-à-dire le processus par lequel un contenu informationnel devient explicite dans la conversation, elle propose une étude pluridimensionnelle de la séquence conversationnelle en jeu dans ce processus. La co-construction de la signification est ici abordée comme relevant d’une transformation informationnelle et de l’inférence.Nos analyses ont porté sur un corpus de français parlé en interaction, en contexte de repas et apéritifs entre amis. A partir d’une collection de séquences d’explicitation, définies comme des configurations dans lesquelles une inférence estsoumise à validation, ce travail propose une analyse multidimensionnelle, portant un double regard sur les données : celui de l’analyse conversationnelle et celui d’une modélisation de la pratique d’explicitation. Ainsi, nous proposons de parcourir cettepratique selon trois axes d’analyse : (a) une analyse séquentielle, s’intéressant au déploiement de la séquence d’explicitation et des éléments la composant, (b) une analyse reposant sur une modélisation de la gestion informationnelle dans cetteséquence, et (c) une analyse des formats linguistiques employés pour l’exhibition du processus inférentiel. Un des enjeux de ce travail l’élaboration d’un modèle conversationnaliste pour la gestion informationnelle et son application à l’analyse desdonnées de langue parlée en interactionThis dissertation deals with the co-construction of meaning in interaction and the ways in which conversationalists exhibit their interpretative processes. The focus of this study is the process of explicitation, i.e. the process through which an informational content becomes explicit in conversation. By offering a multi-level analysis of conversational sequences engaged in this practice, the study approaches the co-construction of meaning from the point of view of informational transformation and inference.The analyses presented here have been conducted on a corpus of spoken French in interaction, within the setting of informal encounters between friends around a meal or a drink. The explicitation sequence is defined as a conversational pattern where an inference is being submitted for confirmation. Starting from a collection of these sequences, this study offers a twofold approach: that of conversation analysis, and that of modeling of the conversational sequence. The practice of making a content explicit is here being explored according to three analytical lines: (a) the sequential analysis, focusing on the deployment of the explicitation sequence and its components; (b) the analysis according to a device elaborated by means of modeling information management in these sequences; and (c) the analysis of the linguistic designs used when exhibiting the inference. One of themain challenges of the present study is that of a proposition of a conversationalist model, dealing with information management and its enforcement through analysis of talk in interaction
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Lopez, Stéphanie. « Classification d’images à partir d’une annotation implicite par le regard ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4115/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Un défi pour les systèmes de recherche basée sur le contenu réside dans la nécessité d’avoir une base annotée. Cette thèse propose un système d’annotation d’images interactif par le regard afin d’alléger la tâche d’annotation. Le but est de classer un petit ensemble d’images en fonction d’une catégorie cible (classification binaire) pour classer un grand ensemble d’images. Parmi les caractéristiques du regard pointées comme informatives sur l’intention des utilisateurs, nous avons élaboré un estimateur d’intention par le regard, calculable en temps réel, indépendant de l’utilisateur et de la catégorie cible. Cette annotation implicite est meilleure qu’une annotation aléatoire mais reste incertaine. Dans une deuxième partie, les images ainsi annotées sont utilisées pour classifier un plus grand ensemble d’images avec un algorithme prenant en compte l’incertitude des labels : P-SVM combinant classification et régression. Nous avons déterminé parmi différentes stratégies un critère de pertinence pour discriminer les labels les plus fiables, utilisés pour la classification, des labels les plus incertains, utilisés pour la régression. La précision du P-SVM est évaluée dans différents contextes et peut atteindre les performances d’un algorithme de classification standard entraîné avec les labels certains. Ces évaluations ont tout d’abord été menées sur un benchmark standard pour se comparer à l’état de l’art, et dans un second temps, sur une base d’images de nourritureOne daunting challenge of Content Based Image Retrieval systems is the requirement of annotated databases. To limit the burden of annotation, this thesis proposes a system of image annotation based on gaze data. The purpose is to classify a small set of images according to a target category (binary classification) in order to classify a set of unseen images. First, we have designed a protocol based on visual preference paradigm in order to collect gaze data from different groups of participants during a category identification task. Among the gaze features known to be informative about the intentions of the participants, we have determined a Gaze-Based Intention Estimator (GBIE), computable in real-time; independent from both the participant and the target category. This implicit annotation is better than random annotation but is inherently uncertain. In a second part, the images annotated by the GBIE from the participants’ gaze data are used to classify a bigger set of images with an algorithm that handles label uncertainty: P-SM combining classification and regression SVM. We have determined among different strategies a criterion of relevance in order to discriminate the most reliable labels, involved in the classification part, from the most uncertain labels, involved in the regression part. The average accuracy of P-SVM is evaluated in different contexts and can compete with the performances of standard classification algorithm trained with true-class labels. These evaluations were first conducted on a standard benchmark for comparing with state-of-the-art results and later conducted on food image dataset
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Berggren, Lisa. « The implicit heteronormativity ». Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-431.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Our society is based on a heterosexual norm. This may lead to the fact that LGBT-persons have a poorer health status than the heterosexual population. The nurse education lacks information and courses that highlights sexual identity. This is defective since healthcare staff needs knowledge on the subject to be able to treat patients in a professional and respectful manner. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how heteronormativity influences the treatment of patients within a healthcare context.
This paper is a survey of literature based on 12 articles and one dissertation.
The results showed that the healthcare staff and the healthcare students had both positive and negative attitudes towards non heterosexual patients. The majority had positive attitudes. It is thus important to highlight the negative attitudes and derive them to heteronormative ways in a healthcare context. The non heterosexual patients experienced problems dealing with homophobia, the issue of coming out or not and poor heteronormative communication.
The healthcare staff needs to get accurate education regarding heteronormativity and sexual identities. The negative attitudes towards non heterosexual patients would thus lessen and the treatment towards these persons would improve.
More research on the subject of nursing and heteronormativity is needed. Research focusing only on the nurse’s work and how it is influenced by heteronormativity is wanted.
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Carol, Rolando N. « Implicit Eyewitness Memory ». FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/907.
Texte intégralRésumé :
After a crime has occurred, one of the most pressing objectives for investigators is to identify and interview any eyewitness that can provide information about the crime. Depending on his or her training, the investigative interviewer will use (to varying degrees) mostly yes/no questions, some cued and multiple-choice questions, with few open-ended questions. When the witness cannot generate any more details about the crime, one assumes the eyewitness’ memory for the critical event has been exhausted. However, given what we know about memory, is this a safe assumption? In line with the extant literature on human cognition, if one assumes (a) an eyewitness has more available memories of the crime than he or she has accessible and (b) only explicit probes have been used to elicit information, then one can argue this eyewitness may still be able to provide additional information via implicit memory tests. In accordance with these notions, the present study had two goals: demonstrate that (1) eyewitnesses can reveal memory implicitly for a detail-rich event and (2) particularly for brief crimes, eyewitnesses can reveal memory for event details implicitly that were inaccessible when probed for explicitly. Undergraduates (N = 227) participated in a psychological experiment in exchange for research credit. Participants were presented with one of three stimulus videos (brief crime vs. long crime vs. irrelevant video). Then, participants either completed a series of implicit memory tasks or worked on a puzzle for 5 minutes. Lastly, participants were interviewed explicitly about the previous video via free recall and recognition tasks. Findings indicated that participants who viewed the brief crime provided significantly more crime-related details implicitly than those who viewed the long crime. The data also showed participants who viewed the long crime provided marginally more accurate details during free recall than participants who viewed the brief crime. Furthermore, participants who completed the implicit memory tasks provided significantly less accurate information during the explicit interview than participants who were not given implicit memory tasks. This study was the first to investigate implicit memory for eyewitnesses of a crime. To determine its applied value, additional empirical work is required.
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Mason, Winter. « Implicit social influence ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278231.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 6391. Adviser: Eliot R. Smith. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 9, 2008).
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Smith, Matthew. « Implicit affinity networks / ». Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1682.pdf.
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Riedel, Beate. « Auditory implicit learning ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4884/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
It has been suggested that much of the information we acquire from our external environment involves processes that do not require conscious awareness (e.g. Reber, 1989; Reber and Winter, 1994). Such knowledge acquisition has been termed implicit learning and this has been put forward as a fundamental process in allowing learning of complex information (e.g. Reber, 1992; Schmidke and Heuer, 1997). It has been proposed that acquisition of the underlying rule structure of stimulus events provides an indication of such a process as being fundamental and general. In contrast, learning bound to more peripheral processes should only be shown when subjects learn, for example, surface features of stimuli or a sequence of motor responses, but not the underlying rules (e.g. Perruchet and Pacteau, 1990; Seger, 1998). The research in this thesis investigates systematically whether implicit learning of sound stimuli behaves any differently to such learning of visual stimuli. This expands the empirical scope of previous studies in the implicit learning field and allows assessment of such processes as fundamental and general. Chapter 1 provides a background to implicit learning in general and introduces the different concepts involved. Chapters 2 to 4 investigated the generality of findings from visual implicit learning studies in the auditory domain. In particular, they studied the role of rule abstraction in sequence learning (Nissen and Bullemer, 1987) and invariant learning tasks (McGeorge and Burton, 1990). Findings from the sequence learning experiments in Chapters 2 and 3 suggest that subjects were unable to abstract the underlying rule structure of stimuli, as would have been evident from learning of the auditory sequences employed by listening alone. Instead, subjects were only able to learn the relevant associations between their actions (keypress responses) and a set of stimuli. These findings add to evidence from visual implicit learning studies that found peripheral processes involved in such learning. Findings from the invariant learning experiments in Chapter 4 show what types of auditory invariant features subjects can and cannot learn. This identified for the first time the exact information, or rule, that subjects acquire in such a task in an auditory context. Additionally, it provides some evidence that explicit processes may have been involved. Overall, the findings from the experiments in this thesis put into question that implicit learning is a fundamental process, which involves implicit rule abstraction.
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Dienes, Zoltan Paul. « Implicit concept formation ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35440667-6e5d-4d85-8ce1-7a14fbed453b.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis provides a conceptual and empirical analysis of implicit concept formation. A review of concept formation studies highlights the need for improving existing methodology in establish- ing the claim for implicit concept formation. Eight experiments are reported that address this aim. A review of theoretical issues highlights the need for computational modelling to elucidate the nature of implicit learning. Two chapters address the feasibility of different exemplar and Connectionist models in accounting for how subjects perform on tasks typically employed in the implicit learn- ing literature. The first five experiments use a concept formation task that involves classifying "computer people" as belonging to a particular town or income category. A number of manipulations are made of the underlying rule to be learned and of the cover task given subjects. In all cases, the knowledge underlying classification performance can be elicited both by free recall and by forced choice tasks. The final three experiments employ Reber's (e.g., 1989) grammar learning paradigm. More rigorous methods for eliciting the knowledge underlying classification performance are employed than have been used previously by Reber. The knowledge underlying clas- sification performance is not elicited by free recall, but is elicited by a forced-choice measure. The robustness of the learning in this paradigm is investigated by using a secondary task methodol- ogy. Concurrent random number generation interferes with all knowledge measures. A number of parameter-free Connectionist and exemplar models of artificial grammar learning are tested against the experimental data. The importance of different assumptions regarding the coding of features and the learning rule used is investigated by determin- ing the performance of the model with and without each assumption. Only one class of Connectionist model passes all the tests. Fur- ther, this class of model can simulate subject performance in a different task domain. The relevance of these empirical and theoretical results for understanding implicit learning is discussed, and suggestions are made for future research.
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Calderon, Jose Manuel. « Improving implicit parallelism ». Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13147/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We propose a new technique for exploiting the inherent parallelism in lazy functional programs. Known as implicit parallelism, the goal of writing a sequential program and having the compiler improve its performance by determining what can be executed in parallel has been studied for many years. Our technique abandons the idea that a compiler should accomplish this feat in ‘one shot’ with static analysis and instead allow the compiler to improve upon the static analysis using iterative feedback. We demonstrate that iterative feedback can be relatively simple when the source language is a lazy purely functional programming language. We present three main contributions to the field: the auto- matic derivation of parallel strategies from a demand on a structure, and two new methods of feedback-directed auto-parallelisation. The first method treats the runtime of the program as a black box and uses the ‘wall-clock’ time as a fitness function to guide a heuristic search on bitstrings representing the parallel setting of the program. The second feedback approach is profile directed. This allows the compiler to use profile data that is gathered by the runtime system as the pro- gram executes. This allows the compiler to determine which threads are not worth the overhead of creating them. Our results show that the use of feedback-directed compilation can be a good source of refinement for the static analysis techniques that struggle to account for the cost of a computation. This lifts the burden of ‘is this parallelism worthwhile?’ away from the static phase of compilation and to the runtime, which is better equipped to answer the question.
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Smith, Matthew Scott. « Implicit Affinity Networks ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1112.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Although they clearly exist, affinities among individuals are not all easily identified. Yet, they offer unique opportunities to discover new social networks, strengthen ties among individuals, and provide recommendations. We propose the idea of Implicit Affinity Networks (IANs) to build, visualize, and track affinities among groups of individuals. IANs are simple, interactive graphical representations that users may navigate to uncover interesting patterns. This thesis describes a system supporting the construction of IANs and evaluates it in the context of family history and online communities.
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Reitmayerová, Lucie. « Analýza daňového zatížení firem ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76164.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This diploma thesis is focused on measuring the corporate tax burden with the implicit and statutory corporate tax rates within the European Union. The aim of this study is to compare tax burdens across the European Union. Furthermore, to determine whether the implicit tax rate on corporate income depends on the following factors; statutory tax rate, depreciation period of certain assets, tax preferences of research and development, investment incentives or the possibility of transfer of tax losses. In the period 1995 to 2010 the average statutory corporate tax rate decreased significantly. The development of average implicit tax rate on corporate income was not so clear. The differences exist mainly between the Old and New Member States. The performed analysis did not prove dependence of implicit tax rates on corporate income on the above mentioned factors.
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Aube, Benoite. « De le perception sociale à la discrimination : une contribution à l’étude des déterminants précoces des comportements discriminatoires ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0124/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bien que la discrimination soit devenue illégale et immorale, les recherches ont montré que les comportements discriminatoires subsistent, parfois en se manifestant de manière subtile. Cependant, les processus impliqués dans ces effets sont encore mal connus. En s’appuyant sur une conception émotionnelle du préjugé (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), l’objectif général de ce travail de thèse était d’investiguer le rôle causal des émotions dans l’émission des comportements discriminatoires, que ce soit au niveau du ressenti émotionnel subjectif mais surtout, au niveau des réactions émotionnelles plus subtiles. La première étude a d’abord montré que les émotions déclarées de colère, de peur et de dégoût médiatisent le lien entre la menace représentée par l’exogroupe et le comportement déclaré envers celui-ci. Au-delà du ressenti émotionnel subjectif, nous émettions l’hypothèse que les premiers instants de la perception de l’exogroupe suffisent à déclencher des réactions émotionnelles (i.e., tendances comportementales), ces dernières entrainant la mise en place d’un comportement discriminatoire involontaire. En s’appuyant sur une organisation en chaine causale expérimentale, les études 3 à 6 ont tout d’abord montré que les tendances comportementales précoces sont déclenchées à partir de l’émotion majoritaire évoquée par l’exogroupe. Les études 7 et 8, en revanche, ne confirment pas le rôle causal des tendances comportementales dans la mise en place des comportements discriminatoires involontaires. Dans l’ensemble, ce travail de recherche apporte des éléments de preuve concernant l’implication précoce des émotions dans le processus de discrimination mais ne permet pas de valider leur rôle médiateurAlthough discrimination is considered illegal and immoral, research has shown that discriminatory behaviors remained present, particularly through subtle behaviors. However, the processes underlying these effects are not clearly understood. Building on an emotional approach of prejudice (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), the main goal of this thesis was to investigate the causal role of emotions in discriminatory behaviors. The role of emotions was investigated here at the level of subjective feeling but also at the level of more subtle emotional reactions. Study 1 first showed that reported emotions of anger, fear and disgust mediated the link between the perceived threat associated to a social group and the behavior reported toward this group. Beyond subjective feelings, we hypothesized that the perception of an outgroup triggers early emotional reactions (i.e., behavioral tendencies), resulting in unintentional discriminatory behaviors. Consistent with our hypotheses, Studies 3-6 first showed that emotions evoked by the outgroup trigger related early behavioral tendencies. However, Studies 7 and 8 do not support the causal role of early behavioral tendencies in discriminatory behaviors. Overall, our findings provide evidence of early involvement of emotions in the discrimination process but do not support their mediating role
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Chevance, Guillaume. « Etude des facteurs motivationnels influençant l’activité physique et la sédentarité de personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques en contexte de réhabilitation et post-réhabilitation ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONT4005/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Parmi les personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques qui participent à des programmes de réhabilitation, deux tiers ne modifient pas leurs comportements à l’issue des interventions. Dans le domaine de l’activité physique et de la sédentarité, identifier les facteurs impliqués dans la régulation de ces comportements est donc crucial. En psychologie de la santé, les modèles contemporains indiquent que nos comportements sont le fruit de processus motivationnels à la fois explicites et implicites. Les processus explicites sont définis comme conscients et intentionnels ; à l’inverse, les processus implicites sont caractérisés par leur non-intentionnalité et leur caractère plutôt inconscient. A mi-chemin entre les domaines de la réhabilitation et la psychologie de la santé, les objectifs de cette thèse étaient (i) d’examiner le rôle de processus explicites et implicites dans la prédiction des comportements de l’activité physique et de la sédentarité, et (ii) d’étudier la malléabilité de ces variables motivationnelles en contexte de réhabilitation. Les résultats indiquent que les attitudes implicites sont associées avec les niveaux d’activité physique des participants, pendant les programmes et en post-réhabilitation. Les processus explicites (e.g., intentions) étudiés dans cette thèse n’étaient eux pas associés aux comportements. Sur le plan de la malléabilité des processus motivationnels, nos résultats mettent en évidence une amélioration significative mais minime de certaines variables au cours d’un programme de réhabilitation. Ces processus se sont toutefois montrés insensibles à une manipulation expérimentale délivrée en plus des programmes de réhabilitationOnly two thirds of people living with chronic diseases and admitted for rehabilitation programs are sufficiently active in postrehabilitation. In the physical activity and sedentary behavior context, identifying the determinants of these behaviors is thus crucial. In the health psychology field, contemporary models indicate that people’s behaviors are regulated by two distinct motivational processes, defined as explicit and implicit. Explicit processes are intentional and conscious ; by contrast, implicit processes are defined as unintentional and less accessible to consciousness. The objectives of this thesis were (i) to examine the role of explicit and implicit processes in the prediction of physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and (ii) to study the malleability of these processes in rehabilitation context. Our results indicated that implicit attitudes, are significantly associated with participants’ physical activity levels, during and after rehabilitation programs. On the contrary, the explicit processes studied in this thesis were not significantly associated with physical activity or sedentary behaviors. Concerning the malleability of these processes, results highlighted significant but small favorable change of certains motivational variables during rehabilitation. Nonetheless, these motivational processes were not modified by an experimental intervention conducted during a rehabilitation program
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Péchoux, Romain. « Analyse de la complexité des programmes par interprétation sémantique ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL084N/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il existe de nombreuses approches développées par la communauté Implicit Computational Complexity (ICC) permettant d'analyser les ressources nécessaires à la bonne exécution des algorithmes. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement au contrôle des ressources à l'aide d'interprétations sémantiques. Après avoir rappelé brièvement la notion de quasi-interprétation ainsi que les différentes propriétés et caractérisations qui en découlent, nous présentons les différentes avancées obtenues dans l'étude de cet outil : nous étudions le problème de la synthèse qui consiste à trouver une quasi-interprétation pour un programme donné, puis, nous abordons la question de la modularité des quasi-interprétations. La modularité permet de diminuer la complexité de la procédure de synthèse et de capturer un plus grand nombre d'algorithmes. Après avoir mentionné différentes extensions des quasi-interprétations à des langages de programmation réactifs, bytecode ou d'ordre supérieur, nous introduisons la sup-interprétation. Cette notion généralise la quasi-interprétation et est utilisée dans des critères de contrôle des ressources afin d'étudier la complexité d'un plus grand nombre d'algorithmes dont des algorithmes sur des données infinies ou des algorithmes de type diviser pour régner. Nous combinons cette notion à différents critères de terminaison comme les ordres RPO, les paires de dépendance ou le size-change principle et nous la comparons à la notion de quasi-interprétation. En outre, après avoir caractérisé des petites classes de complexité parallèles, nous donnons quelques heuristiques permettant de synthétiser des sup-interprétations sans la propriété sous-terme, c'est à dire des sup-interprétations qui ne sont pas des quasi-interprétations. Enfin, dans un dernier chapitre, nous adaptons les sup-interprétations à des langages orientés-objet, obtenant ainsi différents critères pour contrôler les ressources d'un programme objet et de ses méthodesThere are several approaches developed by the Implicit Computational Complexity (ICC) community which try to analyze and control program resources. In this document, we focus our study on the resource control with the help of semantics interpretations. After introducing the notion of quasi-interpretation together with its distinct properties and characterizations, we show the results obtained in the study of such a tool: We study the synthesis problem which consists in finding a quasi-interpretation for a given program and we tackle the issue of quasi-interpretation modularity. Modularity allows to decrease the complexity of the synthesis procedure and to capture more algorithms. We present several extensions of quasi-interpretations to reactive programming, bytecode verification or higher-order programming. Afterwards, we introduce the notion of sup-interpretation. This notion strictly generalizes the one of quasi-interpretation and is used in distinct criteria in order to control the resources of more algorithms, including algorithms over infinite data and algorithms using a divide and conquer strategy. We combine sup-interpretations with distinct termination criteria, such as RPO orderings, dependency pairs or size-change principle, and we compare them to the notion of quasi-interpretation. Using the notion of sup-interpretation, we characterize small parallel complexity classes. We provide some heuristics for the sup-interpretation synthesis: we manage to synthesize sup-interpretations without the subterm property, that is, sup-interpretations which are not quasi-interpretations. Finally, we extend sup-interpretations to object-oriented programs, thus obtaining distinct criteria for resource control of object-oriented programs and their methods
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Gaboardi, Marco. « Linéarité : un outil analytique pour l'étude de la complexité et de la sémantique des langages de programmation ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL099N/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dans la première partie, on propose un système de type pour le lambda-calcul, dans le style du calcul des séquents, nomme « Soft Type Assignment » (STA) qui est inspiré par la logique linéaire « soft ». STA a la propriété de réduction du sujet et est correct et complète pour les calculs en temps polynomial. Par la suite on propose un déduction naturelle, STA_N. Ce système est simple mais il a le désavantage que les variables dans le sujet peuvent être explicitement renommées. Pour résoudre ce problème, on propose le système STA_M, où les contextes sont des multi-ensembles, donc les règles pour renommer les variables peuvent être interdit. L’inférence de type pour STA_M ne semble pas décidable. On propose un algorithme qui pour chaque lambda-terme rend l’ensemble de contraintes que doivent être satisfait pour que le terme soit type. Pi est correct et complet. Ensuite on étend le lambda-calcul par des constantes booléennes et on propose le système STA_B. La particularité de STA_B est que la règle du conditionnel utilise les contextes de façon additive. Chaque programme de STA_B peut être exécuté, par une machine abstraite, en espace polynomial. De plus le système est aussi complet pour PSPACE. Dans la deuxième partie, on propose une restriction de PCF, nommée SlPCF. Ce langage est équipé avec une sémantique opérationnelle qui mélange l’appelle par nom et l’appelle par valeur et peut être interprèté en mode standard dans les espaces cohérents linéaires. SlPCF est complet pour les fonctions récursives, mais il n’est pas complet et donc il n’est pas fully abstract pour les espaces cohérents linéairesIn the first part, we propose, inspired by Soft Linear Logic, a type assignment system for lambda-calculus in sequent calculus style, named Soft Type Assignment (STA). STA enjoys the subject reduction property. and is correct and complete for polynomial time computations. Then, we propose a natural deduction named STA_N. While simple, STA_N has the disadvantage of allowing the explicit renaming of variables in the subject. To overcome to this problem, we propose another natural deduction system, named STA_M, where contexts are multisets, hence rules renaming variables can be avoided. The type inference for STA_M seems in general undecidable. We propose an algorithm Pi returning, for every lambda-term, a set of constraints that need to be satisfied in order to type the term. Pi is correct and complete. We extend the lambda-calculus by basic boolean constants and we propose the system STA_B. The peculiarity of STA_B is that the conditional rule treats the contexts in an additive way. Every STA_B program can be executed, through an abstract machine, in polynomial space. Moreover, STA_B is also complete for PSPACE. In the second part we propose a restriction of PCF, named SlPCF. The language is naturally equipped with an operational semantics mixing call-by-name and call-by-value parameter passing and it can be interpreted in linear coherence space in a standard way. SlPCF is recursive complete, but it is not complete, and thus not fully abstract, with respect to linear coherence spaces
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Dawson, David L. « The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure : Assessing the Implicit Beliefs of Sexual Offenders ». Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485110.
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Chu, Carolyn. « Accent-based implicit prejudice| A novel application of the implicit association test ». Thesis, San Jose State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1541496.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the present study, implicit attitudes toward accents were examined. The most common method used to study accent-based perceptions is by self-report questionnaires, which measure explicit attitudes. To my knowledge, no previous study has examined implicit accent-based attitudes. In the present investigation, auditory stimuli were used in a novel application of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit accent attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to listen to a passage read in one of three foreign accents (Mexican, Chinese, or British) and the same passage in a Standard American accent. Participants also completed the Speech Dialect Attitudinal Scale, which measured explicit accent attitudes, and the IAT, which measured implicit attitudes toward the foreign accent relative to the Standard American accent. Implicit and explicit measures were counterbalanced. Results showed that participants had more favorable implicit attitudes for the Standard American accent than the Mexican accent and a mild preference for the Standard American accent compared to the Chinese and British accents. Implicit and explicit accent attitudes were largely uncorrelated. The examination of implicit attitudes in the current investigation complements previous accent research, which focused on explicit attitudes. Examining aspects of both implicit and explicit accent attitudes will lead to a more in-depth understanding of how accents affect individuals' perceptions, feelings, and judgments.
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Cherdieu, Mélaine. « Effet du sommeil sur un apprentissage implicite : transfert vers une mémoire explicite ? » Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20061/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
De nombreuses études ses sont intéressées à l’influence du sommeil sur la mémoire. Une période de sommeil comparée à une période d’éveil permet de réduire l’oubli, d’améliorer les performances mais également de réorganiser les traces mnésiques, favorisant ainsi la créativité et l’extraction de règles. Ces études se basent sur les modèles classiques de la mémoire et expliquent ces observations par une interaction entre les processus implicites et explicites au cours du sommeil. Cependant, les modèles classiques de la mémoire semblent limités pour décrire la totalité des processus de réorganisation des traces mnésiques observés après une période de sommeil. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons tenté de comprendre l’influence du sommeil sur la réorganisation des traces à travers le modèle Act-In, un modèle de mémoire à traces multiples se plaçant dans la lignée de la cognition incarnée.Nous avons développé notre recherche autour de quatre axes expérimentaux. Dans un premier temps nous souhaitions vérifier si une période de sommeil permet de transformer passivement une trace implicite en trace explicite. Nous souhaitions par la suite étudier l’effet du sommeil sur les processus d’intégration multi-composants et d’activation inter-traces. Selon nous, le sommeil permettrait de renforcer l’intégration des composants au sein d’une trace et il permettrait également de favoriser la mise en relation de plusieurs traces, conduisant à l’émergence d’éléments communs. Enfin, dans le dernier axe de ce travail de recherche, nous nous sommes intéressés aux conséquences des modifications nocturnes liées à l’âge sur la consolidation mnésique au cours du sommeilNumerous studies have been interested in the effect of sleep on memory. For instance, a period of sleep as compared to a similar period of wakefulness protects memories from interferences, improves performances, but also reorganizes memory traces favoring creativity and rules extraction. These studies are based on classical memory models and explain these observations by an interaction between implicit and explicit processes. However, these models seem to be limited to describe all the processes involved in memory reorganization. In this thesis, we tried to understand the influence of sleep on memory reorganization within Act-In memory model, a multiple traces memory model in the line of grounded cognition. We developed our research within four experimental axes. First of all, we wanted to verify if sleep could transform an implicit trace into an explicit one. We also wanted to study the effect of sleep on multi-components integration and inter-traces activation. We assumed that sleep could transform memory traces enhancing the integration of the trace components and could favor the link between different traces leading to the emergence of common elements. Finally, we were interested in the consequences of nocturnal modifications during aging on memory consolidation
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Kelly, Stephen William. « Experiments in implicit learning ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4989/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis examines two paradigms from the area of implicit learning in detail. The literature suggests that the invariance detection paradigm of McGeorge and Burton (1990) gives rise to unconscious knowledge held at a conceptual level with the decision process served by a 'nearest-neighbour' similarity mechanism. The experiments in this thesis suggest that several aspects of this task do indeed seem to agree with present conceptions of unconscious knowledge but no evidence could be found that this knowledge is held at a conceptual level or that specific similarity plays any role in this task. Instead the experiments in this thesis suggest that this task may be better understood in terms of an abstraction mechanism which acquires perceptual information. Using the invariance detection paradigm, this thesis examines the effect of two types of task which measure performance above an 'objective threshold' of awareness. Performance on each task was not the same, suggesting that one cannot assume all direct tests measure the same knowledge despite being similar in nature. In addition, the finding that only the more sensitive of the two tasks could elicit information in the invariance detection paradigm suggests that the knowledge is extremely difficult to elicit. This also is a property of implicit learning and points to the digit invariance task being mediated by unconscious mechanisms. The finding of robust invariance detection in laboratory tasks suggests that one might expect to find similar learning for real world invariance. No evidence for this could be found, which suggests that either implicit learning is a laboratory artefact or that real world invariance learning does not operate in the same way that laboratory experiments suggest. These results suggest that laboratory experiments are required which replicate conditions under which real world learning might occur.
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Bright, James. « Issues in implicit learning ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359867.
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Gebauer, Guido Felix. « Implicit learning and intelligence ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619521.
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Reynolds, K. « Implicit theories of firesetters ». Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2012. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/11076/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Firesetting has significant social and financial consequences. Firesetters are deemed a dangerous group with a poor prognosis. The existing literature has focused on describing the characteristics of firesetters and developing typologies. The psychological understanding of firesetting is limited. Implicit theories are underlying causal theories. Positioned within a social cognitive framework they are thought to be the intervening process between observable stimuli and responses which enable individuals to make sense of their social world and make predictions within it. The identification of implicit theories has contributed to the understanding of the way information processing is carried out by other offender groups. This study aimed to explore the implicit theories held by male firesetters in secure forensic psychiatric services. Using grounded theory methodology, interviews were conducted with nine men with a history of firesetting. Six implicit theories were generated: malevolent world, uncontrollable world, violence is normal, accountability, fire is controllable and fire is a powerful tool. These implicit theories have the potential to be utilised as treatment targets by challenging and restructuring them. Future research should focus on exploring the specific implicit theories at different points in the offense process, those held by subtypes of firesetters, and those held by female firesetters.
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Velasquez, Rafael. « The Implicit Function Theorem ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-151933.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this essay we present an introduction to real analysis, with the purpose of proving the Implicit Function Theorem. Our proof relies on other well-known theorems in set theory and real analysis as the Heine-Borel Covering Theorem and the Inverse Function Theorem.I denna uppsats ger vi en introduktion till reel analys, med syftet att bevisa den implicita funktionssatsen. Vårt bevis bygger på andra välkända satser i mängdteori och reel analys som Heine-Borels övertäckningssats och inversa funktionssatsen.
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McNiel, Patrick D. « Implicit and explicit measures ». Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28132.
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Vande, Kamp Mark E. « Auditory implicit association tests / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9119.
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Valdiserri, Michael. « Self & ; Implicit Memory ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Previous research has shown that information encoded self-referentially often promotes superior recall than that encoded relative to others, semantically, or perceptually. This finding has been labeled the Self-Reference Effect (SRE). However, prior investigations have only used explicit (i.e., conscious) tests of memory, neglecting the possibility that these results could be mediated by implicit (i.e., unconscious) memory processes. Moreover, there is minimal information on the neuropsychological processes that may be involved in self-referential memory, whether explicit or implicit. This study examined subjects' implicit and explicit memory for adjectives that had been encoded self-referentially, relative to an unknown other, and structurally. Furthermore, neuropsychological measures were given.The results suggest a complex relationship between levels of self-reference, self-awareness, memory, and the general neurological areas that may support these processes. Subsequent investigations should take into account the fact that implicit memory is likely to influence self-referential encoding and retrieval. Should these findings be replicated, it could potentially influence a broad base of theoretical work in cognitive psychology and neuroscience, as well as clinical work in the areas of: traumatic brain injury, certain psychiatric disorders, amnesia, age-related memory deficits, and anosognosia (unawareness of deficits).