Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Immigrants – Italy »

This paper explores the role of immigrants within farms and is framed within constructivist approaches to the analysis of immigrants in rural areas. The aim of the paper is to analyse migrants’ contributions to building up multifunctional agricultural systems. To achieve this purpose, a sound empirical analysis is carried out, built on the profile of farms employing immigrants, with special reference to three indicators: the style of farming, territorial localisation of farming activity and the qualification held by the immigrant employed in the farm. The results of analysis confirm a diversified range of contribution on behalf of migrants, with strong diversification on the basis of workers’ provenance. The results of the study suggest that an adequate policy action targeted to the immigrants may bring about positive effects in terms of multifunctionality building at both the individual and territorial level.

Aim.To determine whether disparities exist in mental health care provision to immigrants and Italian citizens with severe mental illness in Bologna, Italy.Methods.Records of prevalent cases on 31/12/2010 with severe mental illness and ≥1 contact with Community Mental Health Centers in 2011 were extracted from the mental health information system. Logistic and Poisson regressions were carried out to estimate the probability of receiving rehabilitation, residential or inpatient care, the intensity of outpatient treatments and the duration of hospitalisations and residential care for immigrant patients compared to Italians, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.Results.The study population included 8602 Italian and 388 immigrant patients. Immigrants were significantly younger, more likely to be married and living with people other than their original family and had a shorter duration of contact with mental health services. The percentages of patients receiving psychosocial rehabilitation, admitted to hospital wards or to residential facilities were similar between Italians and immigrants. The number of interventions was higher for Italians. Admissions to acute wards or residential facilities were significantly longer for Italians. Moreover, immigrants received significantly more group rehabilitation interventions, while more social support individual interventions were provided to Italians.Conclusions.The probability of receiving any mental health intervention is similar between immigrants and Italians, but the number of interventions and the duration of admissions are lower for immigrants. Data from mental health information system should be integrated with qualitative data on unmet needs from the immigrants' perspective to inform mental health care programmes and policies.

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the nutritional status of North African (NA) immigrant women in Italy, analysing their body size, adiposity and body image perception in comparison to Italian natives and NA residents.DesignThe study utilized a cross-sectional design. Anthropometric traits were directly measured and a few indices were computed as proxy measures of nutritional status and adiposity. Body image perception was assessed using silhouette drawings. ANCOVA, adjusted for age, was used to compare anthropometric traits among different groups of women and the χ2 test to analyse differences in the prevalence of nutritional status.SettingItaly and North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco).SubjectsA sample of 433 women aged 18–60 years old: NA immigrants (n 105); Italians (n 100); Tunisians (n 104); Moroccans (n 124).ResultsOverweight/obesity prevalence was very high in immigrants (79·8 %). Immigrants had the highest BMI value, the greatest hip circumference and mid upper-arm circumference. Their triceps skinfold thickness was significantly higher than that of Italians, but lower than that of NA residents.ConclusionsNA immigrant women in Italy showed a higher incidence of overweight compared with Italians and NA residents. All groups showed a preference for a thinner body in comparison to their actual bodies and the immigrants are the most dissatisfied. Immigrants remain a high-risk group for obesity. Assessment of their body composition and health risk profile should be improved by using specific anthropometric measures that are easy to collect even in the case of large migration flows.

Abstract In this article, I focus on the position of Bergamasco, the Italo-romance variety spoken in the Province of Bergamo (Northern Italy), in the linguistic repertoire of the local Ghanaian immigrant community. I argue that Ghanaian immigrants do not speak Bergamasco since the local people refrain from speaking Bergamasco to them. Bergamasco can be regarded as a we-code (Gumperz, John. 1982. Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.) of the indigenous community, whereas Italian – in most cases, a simplified variety of standard Italian – is the default choice when communicating with immigrants. The lack of input in combination with negative attitudes and a lack of motivation to acquire the dialect triggers a self-reinforcing dynamic, making the incorporation of Bergamasco into the linguistic repertoire of Ghanaian immigrants unlikely. Excerpts from a sample of face-to-face interactions and semi-structured interviews involving a group of first-generation Ghanaian immigrants reveal that Bergamasco tends to be perceived as a sort of “secret language” deliberately used by local people to exclude immigrants and other outsiders. This stereotype originates from and is reinforced by lack of competence on the part of the migrants, but is devoid of any foundation.

Background: Acculturation process has taken up a relevant place in cross-cultural psychology by demonstrating the strong relationships between cultural context and individual behavioral development. Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyse acculturation strategies and attitudes in different life domains of native and immigrant adults living in Italy, following the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM). Methods: The participants were 250 Italian native and 100 immigrant adults who completed a questionnaire with items to measure their acculturation strategies (real plane) and attitudes (ideal plane), in general and related to different life domains (peripheral and central). Results: Results revealed that the acculturation attitude of immigrants is integration, whereas Italians prefer their assimilation. Conclusion: However, when different life domains are taken into account, immigrants claim to put in practice and prefer integration in most of the domains, whereas Italians perceive immigrants are separated but they prefer their assimilation or integration, depending on the specific domain.

- During the last ten years the number of immigrants has rapidly risen in Italy, reaching almost the 6% of the total population. Immigrants come from more than 190 different countries and their health is a crucial capital to enter the labour market, where they play an important role, even if the achievement of social integration is still a challenge. As the monitoring of immigrants health status is an important mean to plan the actions to tackle health inequalities and to improve their health conditions, it is necessary that the National Health System develops a common methodology and produces some shared indicators to perform it. To achieve this aim a national board on the project Promoting immigrants health in Italy has been established and it is now working to find the sources of data and a reduced number of useful health indicators, measurable all around the Country. This paper presents a summary of the main informations provided by the board up to now. Keywords: immigrants, health, socio-economic status, pregnancy, indicators, epidemiology. Parole chiave: immigrati, salute, condizione socio-economica, gravidanza, indicatori, epidemiologia.

This paper examines the actions of Italian immigrants in Buenos Aires and Montevideo to support Italy’s mobilisation during the First World War. It focuses on immigrant institutions that participated in activities including military recruitment and welfare collections to assist the Italian side. It also investigates ways Italian immigrants collaborated across the Río de la Plata to mobilise war-related resources. Through its analysis, this article narrows in on a neglected period of time in Italian immigration historiography and uncovers ways events in Italy might have affected immigrant behaviours. It explores the degree of integration that existed between these two communities and within a transnational immigrant network built around ‘Italian’ notions of belonging. More broadly, this paper illustrates the value of scholarly focus on periods of crisis in immigrant homelands. The study of such periods helps advance understandings of social relations within immigrant communities and the transnational networks in which immigrants are situated.

OBJETIVO: To assess factors associated with a low risk perception of zoonoses and to identify the gaps in knowledge about transmission and prevention of zoonoses in immigrant and Italian workers. MÉTODOS: A cross-sectional study with 175 workers in the agro-livestock and agro-food industry in Piemonte, Italy, was carried out. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire based on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey. We calculated proportions and used chi-square tests and odds ratios to assess associations. Eight individual interviews with key informants on immigration and public health in Piemonte were carried out. RESULTADOS: Participants were 82 (47%) Italians and 93 (53%) immigrants. Immigrants were from Romania, Morocco, Albania, India, China, Argentina, Peru, Macedonia, Ivory Coast, Ukraine and Colombia. The study revealed significant differences in risk perception at work (p = 0.001). We found associations between "not having correct knowledge about zoonoses" and the following variables: i. "being immigrant" OR = 4.1 (95%CI 1.7;9.8 p ≤ 0.01); ii. "working in the livestock industry" OR = 2.9 (95%CI 1.2;15.4 p = 0.01); and iii. "being an unqualified worker" OR = 4.4 (95%CI 2.9;15.4 p ≤ 0.01). Another strong association was found between being immigrant and having a low job qualification OR = 6.7 (IC95% 2.9 - 15.4 p ≤ 0.01). Asian immigrants were the group with the highest frequency of risky behaviours and the lowest level of knowledge about zoonoses. CONCLUSÕES: Our results indicate that there were differences in risk perception of zoonoses between the groups participating in our study. These results suggest that immigrant status can be considered a risk factor for having lower risk perception and lower level of knowledge of zoonoses at work. There is a relationship between this specific knowledge of zoonoses and lack of training and instruction among migrant populations. Our results stress the need for developing education programs on zoonoses prevention among the immigrant population in Piemonte, Italy.

This article critically assesses the role pro-immigrant allies play in shaping immigrant struggles for their greater rights. Drawing from original data collected in Italy between 2013 and 2014, it analyzes the conflict-laden organization of “A Day without Us,” a mass mobilization that took place in Italy on March 1, 2010. It explains how ideological divides, competing mobilization frames, and struggles for legitimacy among pro-immigrant groups play a key role in influencing mobilization strategies and outcomes, as do the mechanisms of marginalization of immigrant activists. This study improves understandings of immigrant political mobilization as it shows the ways in which pro-immigrant groups may reduce the scope and effectiveness of immigrants’ rights claims in receiving societies.

Italy is a particularly interesting context in which to study the phenomenon of bullying given the steadily increasing number of immigrant students attending Italian primary schools. We examined the psychometric properties of a short self-report measure of bullying and victimization across groups of students with various migration backgrounds. We then estimated, by latent mean comparisons, the rates of prevalence of bullying and victimization among different generations of immigrants and native students. Results concerning the factor structure of the measure were consistent with studies in other cultural contexts and complete scalar measurement invariance was found across immigrant backgrounds. The analyses showed that both first- and second-generation immigrant pupils reported being victimized more frequently than their native peers. However, the incidence of victimization for second generations was lower than that for first generations. Finally, no differences across different generations of immigrants and native students were found in reported bullying behaviors.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration TransAtlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.

This study focuses on the conditions of immigrants in Italy, the problems of integration they are facing and the coping strategies they adopt in this process. During the 1980s, an increasing number of immigrant workers arrived in Italy. The Government and the Italian society in general were not prepared to absorb immigrant workers for many reasons. Traditionally Italy has been a country of emigration rather than immigration. Moreover, the number of immigrant workers grew considerably in a short period of time, and Italy did not have the necessary legal and social infrastructure to cope with this in-flow. Since the Government is not providing them with some essential services needed to live in the country, many immigrants have to rely on the assistance of voluntary associations and non-governmental organisations (NGGs). Although, there are many associations of immigrant workers, they are not in a position to provide these services. The integration of immigrants is made more difficult by their sociological characteristics. The immigrant population is not homogeneous. Immigrants workers belong to different nationalities and have different migration plans in mind. Filipinos, for example, are mainly women who are planning to work for a few years and then go back to their country. North Africans and Senegalese are generally men who are planning to stay for a longer period. This complexity has involved additional difficulties in addressing the problem of immigration effectively. In addition, the situation of immigrants is not well known. Social scientists have analysed some aspects of the phenomenon and have given some indications of its extent and although the research conducted suffered from many limitations it has helped decision makers to face emergencies but not to plan ahead. Government inaction and the deteriorating living conditions of immigrants have favoured the emergence of racism and intolerance in public opinion. The service provision has now become secondary to the problem of race relations. The problem to be solved is the right of immigrant workers to citizenship and not only the provision of basic services. The situation analysis at national level and the study of two cases (Florence and Rome) suggest that: 1) there is a gap between the image and the reality of immigrants in Italy; 2) the working and living conditions experienced by immigrants do not correspond with their expectations and this create a sort of 'status discrepancy'; 3) immigrants have to cope with a situation of uncertainty that does not permit them to plan their life in the long-term; 4) NGOs and voluntary associations cannot replace the Government in the provision of services but can play an important role in the process of integration of immigrants; 5) after many years piecemeal, fragmented and contradictory interventions the Government, pressed by racism and dissatisfaction growing among public opinion, is now in favour of a policy of closed doors and self-protection.

There has been increasing interest on studying and identifying the immigrant’s food beliefs, dietary changes, medicinal perception of food, and acculturation. It will be useful to study the knowledge about traditional culinary practice of a particular ethnic group that can be implemented to solve problems related to health of diverse migrant group, how food belief can lead to the future occupation in the host country and finally how this knowledge can diversify the food species in the new environment. Moreover, in the phase of global change various calamities like food scarcity, loss of diversity and high frequency of extreme events are arising, studying migrant’s food believe can play a crucial role to offer potential solutions for the rising problems. Income, level of education, religion, and food beliefs are significant factors accounting for changes in dietary habits, whilst immigrant generation is also a major factor. 30 individual semi-structured interviews of the Bangladeshi immigrants were undertaken in Mestre, Italy between October and January 2020. In order to gain perspectives about vegetable consumption and selling vegetables as a job, the research was restricted to 10 sellers and equal number of male and female consumers. Data presented in this study shows taste perceptions and culinary uses of traditional vegetables may be understood as bio-cultural phenomena rooted in human physiology. These phenomenon changes many times during the stay in the host country depending on the individual’s experiences. Although the taste of Bangladeshi grown vegetables differs from the Italian grown, the main satisfaction lies in the availability of Bangladeshi vegetables that eventually plays a crucial role to keep their own culture. From acculturation by fluently speaking the Italian language to growing traditional vegetables, the Bangladeshi immigrants in Italy can be taken as an important example of adaptation in the phase of global environmental change. The study discusses how taste play a crucial role on making immigrants choice of eating vegetables. Taste also the main driver which is the primary reason for the failure of the dietary acculturation among the Bengali diaspora living in Italy. However, full assimilation never happens among most of the migrants’ group and Bangladeshi migrants are not any exception.

In this dissertation, the denaturalization of migrants in the US and Italy as represented in newspaper crime reports was identified and compared to the opposing naturalization of Italian crime organizations in Italy and Wall Street/ corporate criminals in the US. This was accomplished through careful, multidisciplinary, scientific analysis of over 100 articles taken from Italian and US newspapers of assorted political tendencies from the years 2004-2010. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined beginning with a corpus analysis of texts from each group studied followed by a topic analysis designed to identify topics discussed in the media for each group analyzed. In addition, lexical choices were categorized as denaturalization, naturalization or derogation, and examples from texts were examined in depth to reveal linguistic (such as metaphor) strategies involved in negative or positive representation of these groups. A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach combined with Social Semiotics and grounded in Social Identity and Nationalism theories was employed to reveal an underlying racist and xenophobic ideology in both Italian and US media. Results show that in both the United States and Italy, the highlighting of migrants' lack of proficiency in the host country language as well as cultural practices functions as evidence of how migrants are different thus justifying discriminatory practices against them. The resulting categorization of migrants as "Them" serves the dominant group's purpose of staying in power. In conclusion, the author points to a need for teacher educators in the field of second language education and literacy to make it a top priority to educate teachers and students as to how discourse contains underlying ideologies and how to think critically to de-construct and de-mystify them.

Since the end of 1990s, a growing number of countries in Europe have introduced a new kind of integration measures, the so-called civic integration policies.

Formulated for the first time in the Netherlands in order to deal with the persistence of integration difficulties and the social cohesion concerns, these policies demand migrants to fulfill mandatory integration requirements in order to obtain the residence permit, its renewal, or the citizenship.

Among the other countries, Italy introduced a similar policy in 2009, the Integration Agreement (IA). The Italian example appears particular interesting, since this country looked like the less probable one that could choose a similar solution.

Examining the dynamics behind the adoption of the IA represents, therefore, a valuable opportunity not only to understand the Italian case, but also to highlight the mechanisms that have facilitated the diffusion of these policies in Europe.

The research highlights two main aspects. On the one hand, several politicians in different countries have proposed these solutions because they represent quite useful political resources in dealing with the “democratic impatience” of our political systems (Vermeulen and Penninx 1994). On the other hand, the building up of the EU and the growing interconnections of the national policy communities in this policy sector have played an indirect but not residual role in facilitating the convergence of the European countries towards similar solutions.

Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The Italian context, in line with what is happening in many other European countries, is increasingly becoming a multicultural reality. Due to the growing number of immigrants worldwide, migrant youth are at present an integral part of our society. To ensure the successful integration and full realization of the immigrants’ potential, as well as to prevent behavioral risk and educational inequalities, it is fundamental that receiving societies invest in the well-being of immigrant youth. Early adolescence represents a critical developmental period involving changes and challenges not only at the physical level, but also in the emotional, social and psychological domains. Such developmental processes are even more complicated for immigrant youth, who additionally need to face the challenges linked to having their “feet in two worlds”. Hence, one might think that immigrant preadolescents might generally be at higher risk of socio-emotional difficulties. However, this is not always the case, and mounting evidence suggests that immigrant youngsters manage to move adaptively across their worlds, coping without undue stress with these important developmental issues. Thus, the latest evidence invites researchers to overcome the deficit perspective which dominated past research on immigration in favor of a more positive oriented one, able to shed light on the resources that immigrant minors need as to adjust well to their societies. Indeed, immigrant youths’ adaptation seems to vary according to the unique interaction of different cultural, social and personal aspects. Which variables could represent risk or protective factors for early adolescent immigrants’ socio-emotional adjustment? This question is the cradle of my doctoral thesis. Providing answers to this question would lay the ground for the development of valid interventions in cross-cultural contexts, needed now more than ever to promote the integration and well-being of immigrant populations. Such an objective necessarily requires an integrative and multidisciplinary framework, taking into consideration the complexity that arises from different levels and developmental contexts in which immigrants’ adaptation is embedded: the cultural (e.g., ethnicity, receiving society), social (e.g., family, community), and individual levels (e.g., memory, impulsivity). In our studies, we focus on Moroccan, Romanian and Chinese immigrant families as they form the largest ethnic communities in Italy, a country where immigration is a still recent, but nonetheless growing phenomenon. In Study 1, we assessed whether executive functions (EFs) moderated the association between self-construal and social adjustment among Moroccan, Romanian, and Italian early adolescents. Our results showed that the positive effect of having an interdependent orientation on social competence emerged to be stronger for Moroccan and Romanian immigrants with high levels of cognitive flexibility, as well as for Moroccan immigrants counting on high levels of inhibitory control. Last, working memory was associated with higher social competence, regardless of cultural influences. In Study 2, we sought to examine whether the discrimination-problem behavior link was moderated by youths’ acculturation orientations and impulse control among Moroccan and Romanian early adolescent immigrants. The findings indicated that the negative effect of discrimination on behavioral adjustment was stronger for immigrants who endorsed separation as acculturation strategy, but only at low levels of impulse control. In contrast, in face of discriminatory experiences, a good impulse control represented a risk for behavioral problems among assimilated immigrants. In addition, discrimination had a detrimental effect on behavioral adjustment especially for Romanian immigrants when they could not count on good levels of impulse control. In Study 3, we aimed to investigate whether EFs moderated the association between parental practices and emotional-behavioral problems among Chinese immigrant and Italian non-immigrant early adolescents. Our results indicated that a scarce level of inhibitory control represented a risk factor in situations of inadequate parental supervision for both groups. In contrast, a better cognitive flexibility put Chinese immigrant early adolescents at more risk of emotional-behavioral problems when left unsupervised. Last, working memory was associated with better emotional-behavioral adjustment, regardless of cultural and family influences. Our work highlights the complex processes involved in immigrant youth’s adaptation, which results from an intricate reality made of cultural influences, developmental contexts and personal characteristics. Overall, the findings highlight both commonalities and specificities in patterns of associations among personal, family/social, and cultural variables across groups. The acknowledgment of the complexity of such results paves the way to some potential guidelines for clinical implications and future research. Cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory may represent important assets for preadolescent immigrants’ positive adaptation. However, each of these individual abilities can assume different meanings and functions according to ethnic and personal differences which are unique to each single adolescent. Our hope is for future researchers and professionals to explore subjective meanings attributed to personal experiences, taking into account the individual and cultural specificities of each young immigrant. This is how we can build bridges between different developmental and cultural contexts, as to facilitate adjustment processes in immigration and multicultural contexts.
Il contesto italiano, in linea con la situazione di molti altri stati europei, si delinea sempre più come una realtà multiculturale. L’aumento del numero di persone immigrate a livello internazionale ha fatto sì che una parte sempre più cospicua della nostra società sia rappresentata da minori stranieri. Per garantire l’integrazione e la piena realizzazione del potenziale degli immigrati, e per prevenire il rischio di disuguaglianze educative e psicologiche, è fondamentale che le società riceventi investano nella promozione del benessere dei ragazzi immigrati. La preadolescenza è un periodo critico per lo sviluppo, ricco di cambiamenti e di sfide evolutive non solo a livello fisico, ma anche sul piano emotivo, sociale, nonché psicologico. Questi processi evolutivi sono ancora più complicati per i minori immigrati, che si ritrovano in più a dover affrontare anche le sfide legate all’“essere a cavallo tra due mondi”. Verrebbe quindi da pensare che i ragazzi immigrati siano tendenzialmente a maggior rischio di problemi socio-emotivi. Tuttavia non è sempre così e un numero crescente di studi dimostra come questi ragazzi riescano a viaggiare tra un mondo e l’altro in modo adattivo, affrontando senza particolari conseguenze negative questi importanti compiti evolutivi. Così, ricerche recenti invitano a superare la prospettiva deficitaria che ha regnato a lungo nello scenario della ricerca sull’immigrazione, per fare posto a una visione più positiva, che illumini le risorse che questi minori sviluppano per riuscire a vivere bene nella loro società. Infatti, l’adattamento degli immigrati sembra variare a seconda di come diversi aspetti culturali, sociali e personali interagiscono tra loro. Quali sono le variabili che possono rappresentare dei fattori di rischio o di protezione per l’adattamento socio-emotivo dei preadolescenti immigrati? Questa è la domanda al centro di questa tesi di dottorato. Una risposta anche parziale a questa domanda potrebbe gettare le basi per lo sviluppo di interventi validi in contesti multiculturali, necessari ora più che mai per promuovere l’integrazione e il benessere delle popolazioni immigrate. Un obiettivo del genere richiede necessariamente una cornice teorica multidisciplinare e integrativa, che riesca a tenere conto della complessità dei diversi livelli e contesti di sviluppo in cui si colloca l’adattamento dei giovani immigrati: il livello culturale (ad es., etnia, società ospite), sociale (ad es., famiglia, comunità) ed individuale (ad es., memoria, impulsività). Nei nostri studi, ci concentriamo sulle famiglie immigrate marocchine, romene e cinesi, che rappresentano le più numerose comunità immigrate in Italia, un paese in cui l’immigrazione è un fenomeno recente, ma in forte crescita. Nel primo studio abbiamo indagato come le funzioni esecutive (FE) moderassero la relazione tra concetto di sé e adattamento sociale in un campione di preadolescenti marocchini, romeni e italiani. I nostri risultati hanno evidenziato che l’effetto positivo dell’aver un orientamento interdipendente sul livello di competenza sociale è più forte per i ragazzi marocchini e romeni con un alto livello di flessibilità cognitiva, così come per i ragazzi marocchini che possono contare su alti livelli di controllo inibitorio. Infine, la memoria di lavoro è risultata associata ad una migliore competenza sociale indipendentemente dalle influenze ethniche e culturali. Nel secondo studio abbiamo cercato di capire se l’associazione tra discriminazione e comportamenti problematici fosse moderata dalle strategie di acculturazione e dal livello di controllo degli impulsi in ragazzi marocchini e romeni immigrati. Abbiamo trovato che l’effetto negativo della discriminazione percepita sull’adattamento psicologico sembra essere particolarmente forte per i ragazzi immigrati che scelgono la separazione come strategia di acculturazione, ma solo quando non possono contare su un buon livello di controllo degli impulsi. Al contrario, di fronte ad episodi discriminatori, un buon controllo degli impulsi può rappresentare un rischio di maggiori problematiche comportamentali per i ragazzi assimilati. Inoltre, la discriminazione è risultata avere un effetto dannoso per l’adattamento specialmente per quei ragazzi romeni che non possono contare su buoni livelli di controllo degli impulsi. Nel terzo studio eravamo invece interessati ad investigare se le FE moderassero l’associazione tra le pratiche genitoriali e i problemi emotivo-comportamentali in preadolescenti cinesi e italiani. I nostri risultati hanno indicato che un livello scarso di controllo inibitorio rappresenta un fattore di rischio in situazioni di inadeguata supervisione genitoriale in entrambi i gruppi. Invece, livelli più alti di flessibilità cognitiva rendono i ragazzi cinesi immigrati più vulnerabili a problematiche emotivo-comportamentali quando lasciati senza supervisione. Infine, la memoria di lavoro è risultata associata ad un migliore adattamento indipendentemente dalle influenze culturali e familiari. Il nostro lavoro mette in luce la complessità dei processi coinvolti nell’adattamento dei ragazzi immigrati, frutto di un’intricata realtà fatta di influenze culturali, contesti di sviluppo e caratteristiche personali. In generale, i nostri risultati evidenziano sia somiglianze sia specificità nei pattern di associazioni tra variabili personali, familiari/sociali e culturali nei nostri gruppi. Il riconoscimento della complessità di questi risultati ci permette di suggerire alcune implicazioni cliniche e di ricerca per il futuro. Sembra che la flessibilità cognitiva, il controllo inibitorio e la memoria di lavoro possano essere delle importanti risorse per i preadolescenti immigrati, ma sembra anche che ognuna di queste capacità possa assumere significati e ruoli diversi a seconda del background etnico e personale di ciascun ragazzo. L’invito è quindi ad esplorare i significati soggettivi attribuiti all’esperienza, tenendo conto delle specificità individuali e culturali di ciascun ragazzo immigrato. Solo così sarà possibile promuovere iniziative che sostengano la costruzione di ponti tra i vari contesti culturali e di sviluppo per agevolare i processi di adattamento nei contesti di immigrazione.

Cette thèse se propose d’explorer un argument peu connu dans la littérature sociologique italienne, c’est-à-dire le travail des femmes Marocaines en Italie, en particulier en Sardaigne et en Toscane.Ces femmes sont aux marges de l’intérêt scientifique qui est concentré sur les étrangères « primomigrantes » arrivées pour travailler, parce que l'emploi est vu comme un indicateur d’intégration et d’émancipation féminin. Au contraire, la condition de femmes regroupées des Marocaines porte à accentuer l’image de femmes au foyer pour culture et tradition, donc soumises à l'homme et peu intégrées dans la société locale. Mais, si d’un côté est vrai que ces femmes sont arrivées en Italie surtout pour regroupement familial et qu’elles sont peu présentes dans le marché de l’emploi italien, d’un autre côté leur plus grande participation au travail dans d’autres nations met en doute que la situation en Italie soit due à des facteurs exclusivement culturels. Il est donc possible donner une image plus large de celle de « femme au foyer » comme une femme passive. Dans ce travail on explore, ainsi, le rapport entre les Marocaines et le travail, quels sont les effets et l’interprétation de l’emploi féminin dans la relation avec l’homme et dans la construction même de l’identité de la femme. On verra donc si le travail pour les Marocaines en Italie est un moyen pour modifier le modèle traditionnel familial et le rôle à l’intérieur du couple
This work aims to get deeper into a topic not so well known in the Italian Sociology, in other words it aims to get an insight into the Moroccan Women's Job market strictly related to both Sardinia and Tuscany regions. Since a long time scientific studies neglected women focusing only on foreigner breadwinners who move looking for work. This because work has always been considered such as both an indicator for integration and women emancipation. On the contrary , the condition of Moroccan women tends to enhance the image of housewives tipically showed by culture and traditions, thus it shows women subdued to men and poorly integrated into local society. But if one side is true that these women arrived in Italy especially for family reunification and just few of them are active part of the Italian Job market, on the other hand their greater participation in the international job market doubts that the situation in Italy is due to purely cultural factors. Thus, it is possible to give a wider image than a poor label such as "Housewife" given to these women. Furthermore, this work explores the link between women and the Job Market and effects it can produce, but also the interpretation of women's work related both men and the construction of woman's identity itself. It will show finally if the work for Moroccan women in Italy is the best model in order to change the familiar traditional one and the role inside a couple

This paper analyses the content of Twitter’s comments during the period covering the last European elections. "#immigrants" is the extraction’s keyword in different national languages. With the exception of English and French, whose extraction would be misleading, all of the other languages have been chosen to catch the geographical area of reference. We made sure to extract at least two sentences for each Welfare area. Once the data have been extracted, three different strategies have been used. The first one, dealing with both a qualitative and a quantitative assessment; the second one, analysing automatically the content of the top 10 extracted tweets during the reference period and the third one based on network analysis. Through a deep analysis of the content, three clusters have been identified: the first one dealing with the cultural risks of multiculturalism; the second one (social risks) dealing with the fear of migrants stealing job vacancies and the third one dealing with economic risks. A deep network analysis of Italian and Spanish contexts follows. What emerges is that: communication is extremely heterogeneous; in Italy there unique and duplicated edges prevails; in Spain there are more groups than in Italy, more themes covered and different kind of users and nets.

The paper highlights the role of food, as an instrument of identity and intercultural contact, the contribution of traditional ethnic dishes in the reconstruction of the family context, connected to the migration process, and food as a form of communication in a different social context. It reflects the consequences of the exchange process, in which changes take place both in the cultural traditions of Moldovan immigrants and in Italian customs, due to the fusion of elements and ingredients borrowed through reciprocity, thus diluting the mental and social boundaries.

In recent years much has been written and exhibited regarding Lina Bo Bardi, the Italian/Brazilian architect (1914-1992). This paper aims to look at the phenomenon of cultural displacement and the dissemination of her design thinking as a major female figure in a male dominated profession. This investigation is distinguished from others in that it addresses the importance of regional and cultural influences that formed Lina’s design philosophy in her early years in Italy. Cultural displacement has long played a significant role in the creative process for artists. Often major innovators in literature are immigrants as elements of strangeness, distance, and alienation all contribute to their creativity. The premise is that critical distance is paramount for reflection as a change of context unfolds unforeseen possibilities. Displacement was a consistent element throughout the trajectory of Lina’s architectural career as she moved from Rome to Milan, from Milan to Sao Paolo from Sao Paolo to Bahia and back to Sao Paolo. Viewing this form of detachment and dislocation permits insight into her career and body of work as displacement mediates the paradoxical relationship between time and space. The paper will examine three distinct periods in her career. The first period is set in Rome, where she assimilated the city, showed artistic aptitude and spent her university years studying under Piacentiniand Giovannoni. The second period is set in Milan, where she developed impressive editorial and layout skills in publications work with Gio Ponti and BrunoZevi. and was influenced by Antonio Gramsci’s writings. The third is set in Brazil, where she builds and evolves as an architect via what she absorbed in Rome, wrote in Milan, and finally realized in Brazil. After Italy’s collapse in WWII Lina writes, draws, edits, critiques the plight of the Italians in need of better housing and circumstances. She leaves Milan with her new husband, PM Bardi (a prominent journalist, art critic) for Brazil. In Sao Paolo she absorbs the optimism and positive direction of Brazil. Her early design work in Brazil echoes European modernism, but when she travels to Bahia and becomes aware of the social conditions, she draws from her Italian experiences of and ideas of transforming lives through craft. Her architectural projects become directly responsive to the culture of Bahia and the politics of poverty. Lina’s design thinking evolves and parallels George Kubler’s study, The Shape of Time, and the history of man-made objects by bridging the divide between art and material culture.