Thèses sur le sujet « IMAGACT »

Nous avons démontré la faisabilité et la reproductibilité de notre méthode d'élaboration en une étape de nanocristaux organiques en coquilles sol-gel obtenues par nébulisation, en utilisant différents types de molécules organiques, de solvant et matrices sol-gel. L'utilisation de différentes techniques de caractérisation (microscopie électronique à balayage, spectroscopies de luminescence à un et deux photons) a permis d'optimiser les conditions d'élaboration afin d'obtenir des nanoparticules hybrides de petites tailles, encapsulant un maximum de fluorophore, très luminescentes et biocompatibles. La microscopie électronique à balayage et la diffraction électronique nous ont permis de prouver la présence d'un cœur monocristallin au sein des nanoparticules et de définir les structures cristallines présentes. Les propriétés des nanocristaux comme agent imageant de la micro-vascularisation du cortex cérébral chez le petit animal en deux-photons ont ensuite été analysées par spectroscopie de fluorescence à deux-photons ainsi que la non-toxicité des particules vis - à - vis du vivant. Enfin, les premiers tests in-vivo des nanoparticules comme agents imageant, nous ont poussé à les fonctionnaliser afin d'augmenter leur furtivité et d'y ajouter une nouvelle fonction de ciblage.

Nous avons démontré la faisabilité et la reproductibilité de notre méthode d'élaboration en une étape de nanocristaux organiques en coquilles sol-gel obtenues par nébulisation, en utilisant différents types de molécules organiques, de solvant et matrices sol-gel. L'utilisation de différentes techniques de caractérisation (microscopie électronique à balayage, spectroscopies de luminescence à un et deux photons) a permis d'optimiser les conditions d'élaboration afin d'obtenir des nanoparticules hybrides de petites tailles, encapsulant un maximum de fluorophore, très luminescentes et biocompatibles. La microscopie électronique à balayage et la diffraction électronique nous ont permis de prouver la présence d'un cœur monocristallin au sein des nanoparticules et de défmir les structures cristallines présentes. Les propriétés des nanocristaux comme agent imageant de la micro-vascularisation du cortex cérébral chez le petit animal en deux-photons ont ensuite été analysées par spectroscopie de fluorescence à deux-photons ainsi que la non-toxicité des particules vis - à - vis du vivant. Enfin, les premiers tests in-vivo des nanoparticules comme agents imageant, nous ont poussé à les fonctionnaliser afin d'augmenter leur furtivité et d'y ajouter une nouvelle fonction de ciblage
We demonstrated the feasibility and the reproducibility of our method of one-step elaboration of organic nanocrystals in sol-gel shell obtained by atomization, by using various sort of organic molecules, solvent and sol-gel matrices. The use of different techniques of characterization (scanning electronic microscopy, one and two photons luminescence spectroscopy) allowed to optimized the conditions of elaboration to obtain hybrid nanoparticles of small sizes, with a maximum of fluorophore, highly luminescent and biocompatible. The scanning electronic microscopy and the electronic diffraction allowed us to prove the presence of a single-crystal heart within nanoparticles and to define the crystalline structures. The properties ofnanocrystals as labels for imaging the micro-vascularization of the small animal brain in two photons were then analyzed by two photons fluorescence spectroscopy as weIl as the non-toxicity of nanoparticles. Finally, the first in-vivo tests ofnanoparticles as labels grew to us to functionalize to increase their stealth and add it a new function of targeting

La numérisation est un enjeu majeur dans le domaine du patrimoine, permettant d’une part la sauvegarde à long terme des pièces de collections, et d’autre part de les valoriser sous un jour nouveau. En collaboration avec le Musée d’Ethnographie de Bordeaux (MEB), ce travail de thèse se fixe pour objectif de proposer une solution novatrice en terme de numérisation en proposant une réponse à la problématique suivante : comment restituer fidèlement l’apparence d’une pièce de collection, tel que la version numérique soit, à l’oeil, indiscernable du véritable objet ? La taille des objets à numériser ainsi que la résolution nécessaire pour obtenir la qualité souhaitée impliquent de fait une quantité astronomique de mesures à effectuer, formant un véritable défi technique et scientifique. Cette thèse se propose de répondre à cette observation par la réalisation d’un prototype d’acquisition innovant basé image, formé d’un dôme couvert de 1080 LED au sein duquel évolue une caméra sur bras robotisé. Ce travail est d’abord appuyé par un faisceau de recherches préliminaires, s’attardant sur les problématiques théoriques et pratiques attenant à une telle mesure. Cela a notamment permis de mettre en évidence à quel point la diffraction joue un rôle important dans la mesure de BRDF, bien au-delà des critères habituels. Dans ce sens, un nouvel algorithme de traitement des données, métrologiquement viable, a pu être proposé. Appuyé par ces acquis, le prototype de numérisation a pu être conçu, réalisé, calibré et finalement exploité avec succès pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine. Ce nouvel instrument, en constante évolution, jette alors la première pierre de nombreux axes de recherches futurs, tant portés sur l’optimisation du processus de mesure que sur l’exploitation des données générées
Digitization is a major issue of interest in the field of cultural heritage, allowing on the one hand the long-term safeguard of collector’s pieces, and on the other hand to valorize them under a new revelatory way. In collaboration with the Musée d’Ethnographie de Bordeaux (MEB), this thesis work has the objective of proposing an innovative solution in terms of digitization, by answering the following problem : how to faithfully reproduce the appearance of a collector’s piece, such that the digital version is, to the eye, indistinguishable from the real object ? The size of the objects to be digitized as well as the resolution necessary to obtain the desired quality imply an astronomical quantity of measurements to be carried out, forming a real technical and scientific challenge. This thesis proposes to respond to this observation by producing an innovative imagebased acquisition prototype, formed by a dome covered with 1080 LEDs within which a camera on a robotic arm evolves. This work is first supported by a bundle of preliminary research, focusing on the theoretical and practical issues attached to such a measurement. This notably made it possible to highlight to what extent diffraction plays an important role in BRDF measurements, far beyond the usual criteria. In this sense, a new metrologically viable data processing algorithm has been proposed. Supported by these achievements, the digitization prototype has been designed, produced, calibrated and finally successfully used for the safeguarding of the cultural heritage. This new, constantly evolving instrument then lays the foundation stone for many areas of future research, both focused on optimizing the measurement process and on exploiting the generated data

Cette thèse recueille un grand nombre de recherches effectuées entre les années 1960-1990 en Europe et en Amérique dans le domaine du symbolisme phonétique consistant « en l’attribution d’une signification à un phonème ou un trait distinctif » (Monneret, 2003 : 98). Un enjeu pertinent est représenté par l’instauration de l’état des lieux des recherches phono-symboliques en Union Soviétique. L’approche comparativo-descriptive est accompagnée de l’application de la typologie relative au symbolisme phonétique née lors de la période mentionnée (le symbolisme subjectif versus le symbolisme objectif). Le présent travail scientifique relève les éventuelles causes du blocage des recherches avant 1960 ainsi que celles de l’essor des analyses pendant la période 1960-1990, en se focalisant sur la problématique théorique et la praxis accumulée autour des manifestations phono-symboliques. N’étant plus considéré comme un phénomène marginal, le symbolisme phonétique présenté comme le fait qui prend ses sources du concept de l’iconicité linguistique traitant des relations motivées entre la forme et le contenu et dont l’intérêt croissant se manifestera dans les années quatre-vingt, peut être analysé aujourd’hui à l’aide du concept d’analogie considérée dans les recherches récentes de Monneret (2014)
This thesis collects a relevant number of researches made between years 1960-1990 in Europe and in America in the field of the phonetic symbolism consisting “of the attribution of the meaning in a phoneme or a distinctive feature” (Monneret, 2003: 98; our translation). The important stake is represented by the institution of the current situation of the phono-symbolic researches in Soviet Union. The comparativo-descriptive approach is accompanied with the application of the typology relative to the phonetic symbolism been born during period mentioned (the subjective symbolism versus the objective symbolism). The present scientific work raises the possible causes of the blockage of the researches before 1960 as well as those of the development of analyses during the period 1960-1990, by focusing on the theoretical problem and the praxis accumulated around the phono-symbolic manifestations. No more considered as a marginal phenomenon, the phonetic symbolism presented as the fact that rises in the concept of the linguistic iconicity handling relations motivated between the form and the contents the increasing interest of which will show itself in the eighties, can be analyzed by means of the concept of analogy today considered in the recent researches (Monneret, 2014) as the emergent cognitive phenomenon involving similarity

Action verbs have many meanings, covering actions in different ontological types. Moreover, each language categorizes action in its own way. One verb can refer to many different actions and one action can be identified by more than one verb. The range of variations within and across languages is largely unknown, causing trouble for natural language processing tasks. IMAGACT is a corpus-based ontology of action concepts, derived from English and Italian spontaneous speech corpora, which makes use of the universal language of images to identify the different action types extended by verbs referring to action in English, Italian, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, etc. This paper presents the infrastructure and the various linguistic information the user can derive from it. IMAGACT makes explicit the variation of meaning of action verbs within one language and allows comparisons of verb variations within and across languages. Because the action concepts are represented with videos, extension into new languages beyond those presently implemented in IMAGACT is done using competence-based judgments by mother-tongue informants without intense lexicographic work involving underdetermined semantic description.

La tesi è dedicata alla comparazione tra i verbi di azione italiani e cinesi e descrive le modalità con cui l'informazione relativa ai verbi cinesi è derivata all'interno dell'ontologia per immagini dell'azione IMAGACT. La tesi evidenzia la maggiori differenze considerando in particolare i verbi generali italiani, ovvero i verbi che si riferiscono a molte azioni diverse ed evidenzia la tendenza del cinese a predicare dell'azione in modo più specifico e attraverso formazioni linguistiche composte che asociano insieme verbo e aggettivo (costruzioni risultative). La tesi si concentra sui verbi a maggior impatto nel lessico verbale di azione per frequenza e per numero di variazioni posibili, illustrando in dettaglio le differenze semantiche tra i verbi italiani e cinesi così come emergono dalla ontologia IMAGACT, ovevro attraverso scene prototipiche che illustrano la variazione possibile dei concetti linguistici. Attraverso analisi di dettaglio la tesi affronta i casi principali in cui concetti espressi nell'ontologia IMAGACT attraverso immagini prototipiche risultano non predittivi in cinese e illustra le potenzialità dell'utilizzo delle immagini per l'insegnamento del lessico verbale italiano L2 agli apprendenti cinesi attraverso un esperimento di validazione sul campo.

Il volume è strutturato in due parti: la prima, di semantica e linguistica computazionale, ha come argomento l’ontologia interlinguistica dell’azione IMAGACT (capitoli 1, 2 e 3); la seconda è invece dedicata alle applicazioni della risorsa (capitoli 4 e 5). Dopo un breve preambolo, nel capitolo 1 viene presentato il progetto IMAGACT, del quale sono descritti i principi metodologici ed il workflow complessivo. Il progetto ha prodotto un’ontologia interlinguistica che rende esplicito lo spettro di variazione pragmatica associata ai predicati azionali a media ed alta frequenza in italiano ed inglese. Le classi di azioni che rappresentano le entità di riferimento dei concetti linguistici, indotte da corpora di parlato da linguisti madrelingua, sono rappresentate in tale risorsa lessicale nella forma di scene prototipiche (Rosch, 1978, 1999). La metodologia sfrutta la capacità dell’utente/apprendente di trovare somiglianze tra immagini diverse indipendentemente dal linguaggio, sostituendo alla tradizionale definizione semantica, spesso sottodeterminata e linguo-specifica, il riconoscimento e l’identificazione dei tipi azionali. Il capitolo 2 è dedicato alla procedura di annotazione, che ha permesso l’estrazione bottom-up delle classi di azioni che costituiscono l’ontologia. Vengono presentati i dati linguistici di partenza (corpus IMAGACT-IT), nonché l’interfaccia informatica che ha reso possibile lo svolgimento dei vari task. Parallelamente, vengono presentate le linee guida per la standardizzazione delle occorrenze, la loro tipizzazione e l’annotazione delle proprietà linguistiche (struttura tematica, alternanze argomentali, aktionsart). Il capitolo 3 affronta invece la procedura di mapping inter-/intra- linguistico: dopo averne descritto i fondamenti teorici e aver individuato le questioni poste dai dati linguistici in input all’architettura della struttura dati, viene illustrata la metodologia che ha portato alla produzione del database 1.0. Nel capitolo 4 viene proposta una procedura di validazione dei dati linguistici, passaggio imprescindibile per consentirne l’applicabilità in ambiti differenti da quello in cui sono stati prodotti. Viene inoltre fornito un ampio quadro bibliografico sul concetto di “inter-rater agreement”, dando conto degli aspetti critici della valutazione dei dati e dei coefficienti statistici più diffusi. Per contestualizzare, vengono inoltre presentati i risultati di un esteso spoglio bibliografico sui principali studi e sulle maggiori campagne di valutazione nel campo della semantica lessicale. Il metodo viene testato su un sottoinsieme di lemmi coeso dal punto di vista semantico. Il capitolo 5 presenta infine la batteria di test SMAAV (Semantic Memory Assessment on Action Verb), creata dall’autrice a partire dai dati IMAGACT validati nel capitolo 4. La classe grammaticale del verbo, che di solito nelle lingue naturali lessicalizza le azioni, è stata tradizionalmente meno studiata ed utilizzata rispetto a quella del nome in ambito psicometrico. I materiali messi a disposizione dall’ontologia rappresentano una assoluta novità nel settore: la conoscenza sistematica del lessico verbale azionale rende possibile l’utilizzo di un campionario di lemmi ampio e al tempo stesso controllato. Inoltre, a differenza dei materiali utilizzati comunemente nella pratica medica, di tipo statico, gli stimoli multimediali messi a disposizione da IMAGACT garantiscono una rappresentazione migliore, più “ecologica”, delle azioni. Sebbene il test possa essere usato come misura generale dell’acceso al lessico e dell’erosione della memoria semantica, ne viene proposto un impiego diagnostico specifico, lo studio del Mild Cognitive Impairment, un settore di ricerca che ha ricevuto attenzione crescente negli ultimi anni. Dopo aver presentato le caratteristiche del disturbo ed avere illustrato i materiali testologici a disposizione di clinici e ricercatori, viene descritto il processo di realizzazione e taratura della batteria. La sezione si conclude con un’analisi linguistica e gestuale delle risposte date dagli informanti nel corso delle sessioni di test. In una breve conclusione vengono infine riassunti i risultati ottenuti e sono indicate alcune possibilità di sviluppo futuro.

Il lavoro di tesi si è concentrato sulla ristrutturazione del database dell'ontologia dell'azione IMAGACT, al fine di arricchirne l'espressività e di renderla sfruttabile da algoritmi di Natural Language Processing. Il modello dati gerarchico su cui si basava la risorsa originale è stato sostituito da un modello insiemistico, più adatto alla rappresentazione coerente dell'informazione linguistica, ed implementato in un database a grafo. La tesi descrive la collocazione dell'ontologia IMAGACT nel panorama delle risorse linguistiche e, attraverso dei casi di studio, analizza le problematiche tecniche e teoriche emerse nel trattamento dell'informazione. Viene infine discussa la proiezione della risorsa nel web e le sue possibilità di sfruttamento all'interno di algoritmi.

The main problem addressed in this dissertation was whether the three movements of Imagism, Cubism, and Objectivism can be said to have had a decisive role in the poetic development of William Carlos Williams in the period between 1917 and 1923 when three of his major works, AI Que Quiere!, Sour Grapes, and Spring and All, were published. In order to determine this, the manifestations of the principles of these movements in Williams' poetry published during this period were investigated on both a synchronic and a diachronic level. Firstly, the concepts surrounding these movements were defined within context of the wider 'movement' of modernism. From these definitions, a number of working definitions were constructed by means of which the poetry in the three identified books could be analyzed. In the three subsequent chapters, the poems in each of the three books were analyzed carefully in order to identify the manifestations and influences of the three movements in Williams' poetry of this period. This was done respectively in terms of Imagism, Cubism, and Objectivism, focusing on the inherent characteristics or principles of the three movements. What emerged in terms of imagism was that the principles of brevity, direct treatment of the object, and new rhythms are most common to the earlier poems in this period, while those of immediacy, simple language, and hardness permeate most of the poetry of the period. While the imagist principles dominate more in the earlier poetry, however, they are somewhat overshadowed in the majority of the later poems, especially those of Spring and All. The manifestation of the principles of cubism, on the other hand, can be seen to permeate the majority of the poems in the three books, becoming more complex and structured towards Spring and All. The shaping force of this movement emerged most strongly in the use of edges and juxtapositions as well as in the use of intersecting lines and planes and in the persistent de familiarization of the poems. It further emerged that most of the predominantly cubist poems in the three books contain a large degree of design in synthesis that points to a style that closely resembles that of the synthetic cubism in the visual arts. The elements of objectivism that are manifested in Williams' work were mostly studied as 'premonitions' of the movement, due to the context of the period in which the poetry was produced. It nonetheless appeared that the increasing design and structure in Williams' synthetic cubism develop into an objectivist style where objectivity, precision, austerity, and specifically the autonomy of the object dominate. This proved to some extent to be true of certain poems in the two earlier books, but pronouncedly so in Spring and All. Finally it was concluded that Williams developed an increasingly strong personal poetics that incorporates many of the principles of the three movements, such as a concern with the new, resulting in poetry that depends on the shaping influences of the movement to some extent, but that ultimately originates a style that moves towards a concentration of perception and emotion in structure.
Thesis (MA)--PU vir CHO, 1993.

碩士
明道大學
中國文學學系(碩士班)
106
Abstract Master Yin Guang (1861-1940) was respected to be one of four Grand Masters in the history of Buddhism in China; meanwhile, he was honored with the 13th founder of the sect of Pure Land Buddhism. In this point of view, Master Yin Guang has had a great influence on the development of Buddhism in China, and no ordinary monks can compete with him. Master Yin Guang’s great achievement lies in that he guided the intelligentsia to believe in Buddhism at that time by writing letters and having sincere dialogues with them rather than to enlighten them with the meditation of Buddhism because most of the monks could not gain quality education and were uneven in quality performance in their preaching. That is why Master Taixu (1888-1946) reorganized the Sangha and bettered monk’s education. As for Master Yin Guang, he did not enlighten the Buddhist monks; instead, he asserted to practice Buddhism at home and stressed that “one should take one’s duty to maintain interpersonal relationship well and be sincere to avoid having evil thoughts.” Although Master Yin Guang’s notions are full of the features of Confucianism, his starting points are built up on the basis of Buddhism. Ying Guang’s main purpose is to take advantage of the methodology of Confucianism and to bring the beliefs of Confucianism to Buddhism. Yin Guang had many ways to guide his disciples, especially the practices of reciting Amitabha Buddha's name. In order to help those who can go to Amitabha Buddha's Pure Land, Yin Guang explored the new heaven and earth to assist the people to believe and practice Buddhism. Master Yin Guang understands that it is important to assist his disciples in proper ways because are numerous ways to practice Buddhism; besides, not everyone practices the Pure Land Buddhism. Therefore, Yin Guang did not oppose his disciples to learn Vajrayana and Zen for the reasonable concerns. Although Yin Guang disagreed his disciples to practice Vajrayana, he did not deny its value. For instance, Yin Guang’s disciple, Yuan Xi-Lian practiced Vajrayana, and Yuan even said, “I am allowed to practice Vajrayana because of Master Yin Guang’s permission.” However, Master Yin Guang thinks that common people are unable to dominate over Abhijñā because it would be easy for them to gain the knowing but fall into the evil path. For example, according to Selected Works (Wen Chao), one of Master Hui Xian’s disciples, Xian Yin, learned Vajrayana in Japan and understood Chinese Esoteric Buddhism and gained the Acharya Ritual as well. However, Xian Yin died accidently; moreover, he could not recite the sutras and Amitabha Buddha's name. Thus, it is seemingly a better way to recite Amitabha Buddha's name than practice Vajrayana, and Master Yin Guang was afraid that his disciples were hurt and not obtaining the benefits from learning Vajrayana. Although Vajrayana can assist people to be embodied buddha, there are quite a few people who can achieve the goals. That is why Master Yin Guang persuaded people to focus on reciting Amitabha Buddha's name because that is the first principle to practice Buddhism. Besides, Master Yin Guang witnessed the established improper practices of Buddhism schools and the uneasiness in the turmoil of war at that time, people did not have pure minds to pursue the right path of Buddhism than before. Fewer and fewer people would like to purse the right path and would rather to lead solitary lives without doing anything. Thus, it was a good chance for Yin Guang to encourage people to recite Amitabha Buddha's name and get rebirth in Amitabha Buddha's Pure Land. Today, when we study Master Yin Guang not only on glorifying his mercy and compassion but also on passing his spirits down. We should learn what Master Yin Guang taught us and help to flourish Buddhism in the future. Key Words: Pure Land Buddhism, to maintain interpersonal relationship well, to be sincere to avoid having evil thoughts, to bring the beliefs of Confucianism to Buddhism,Master Yin Guang

碩士
世新大學
傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)
97
This research analyze how the agent of Japanese trendy drama DVD executes the strategic adjustment to make sure the survival in the market facing the external challenge such as the decline of fashion of Japanese trendy drama in Taiwan and the decrease of purchasing attitude of the legal version of DVD. The qualitative study methods of this research include“focus group”、”depth interviews”and“participation observation”methods. By interviewing the undergraduate students who watched all episodes of the legal version of DVD, “Orange Days” in the form of focus group, we try to realize the factors influencing the attitude of purchasing legal version of DVD of the participants. And, by interviewing the agent of the legal version of DVD， “Orange Days”, IMAGIC MEDIA INC, we try to understand the strategic adjustment and decision making for adapting the external challenge The case object of this research, IMAGIC MEDIA INC, is the only agent of legal version of Japanese trendy drama DVD. In recent years, the case object started to engage in the purchasing of other genres of DVD copyrights such as Japanese films、dramas of PTS、European films. At the same time，the case object also developed a language-learning market to increase the benefit, with the developing of a language-learning software to make use of the subtitle of DVD, Live DVD. All this efforts of case object are to find it’s own position in the market and to strive for the acceptance of the consumers.