Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Illegal Miner »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Illegal Miner"
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Vicki Dwi Purnomo. « Problematics in the Case of Bribery of State Officials in the Case of Illegal Mining (Ismail Bolong) ». Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 2, no 12 (29 décembre 2022) : 4414–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v2i12.2053.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There are many definitions of unlawful acts, some call unlawful acts as violations of the law, as acts that violate the rights of others. The purpose of the research conducted was to solve the problem of bribery cases of state officials in illegal mining cases. The research method used is The research approach that researchers use is the Legal-Live Case Study approach. The results of the research conducted were based on the author's research in the field, Ismail Bolon's statement stated that he was a coal miner in Malangayu District, Kutai Katanegara (Kuka) Regency because he admitted his own actions as a coal collector and was suspected of bribing a police officer. This happened because of the weak enforcement of Article 158 of Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. Based on the author's research in the field, Ismail Bolon's statement stated that he was a coal miner in Malangayu District, Kutai Katanegara (Kuka) Regency, for admitting his own actions as a coal collector and allegedly bribing a police officer. This happened because of the weak enforcement of Article 158 of Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. The conclusion of the research conducted by the monitoring of the illegal mining process in the East Kalimantan region is still weak considering that there are dozens or even hundreds of illegal mines operating and it is suspected that there are law enforcement personnel who own this business and are involved
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Nie, Xing Xin, Cunrui Bai et Jingjing Zhang. « Simulation Research on the Effectiveness of a Multiagent Mine Safety Supervision System and Its Verification ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (31 décembre 2019) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8457124.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A Computable Mine Safety Supervision (CMSS) model is constructed based on agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) technology and the conservation of resources (COR). This model aims to solve the mining safety problems involved with illegal mining operations and burnout among mining supervisors, in China. The model includes several types of agents: supervision agents, decision support agents, functional coordination agents, and miner agents, and it uses the Netlogo simulation platform to simulate the influence of reward and punishment on agent behavior. The simulation determines the decision support degree to gauge the influence of functional coordination and miner behavior on the burnout rate of supervision agents. We analyze the macroscopic emergence law of the simulation results. The results show the following: (1) Job Situation Adaptability (JSA) ∈ [−6.02, 2.64] ∪ [16.9, 21.93], which uses a reward strategy to guide miners to choose safe behavior and (2) JSA ∈ [2.64, 16.9], which uses a punishment strategy to restrict unsafe behavior. The decision support coefficient Sc has the greatest influence on the supervision agent’s job burnout. The functional coordination coefficient Fc has the second highest influence on job burnout and the processing effectiveness coefficient Ec has the least influence. According to the simulation results, suggestions for improving the mine safety supervision system are put forward and an improved safety management decision-making basis for reducing mine accidents is provided.
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Sonata MS, Herix, Merry Thressia et Dewi Yudiana Shinta. « Toksisitas Merkuri (Hg) Pada Penambang Emas di Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung Sumbar ». SEHATI : Jurnal Kesehatan 1, no 1 (28 février 2021) : 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52364/sehati.v1i1.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Gold processing by amalgamation produces gold amalgam and waste mercury. Poor mercury waste management can pollute the environment. Ilegal gold miners are often found in West Sumatra. In the process of gold processing always use Hg for the purification of the gold. This study aims to determine the level of mercury (Hg) in the gold miner's urine and see the long-working relationship. Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal grouped into groups having high toxicity levels. The use of mercury (Hg) in the gold processing process can cause negative impact. Determination of mercury (Hg) with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA) method. The population of this research is gold miner worker in Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung as many as 3 people and also as sample. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire and testing of urine specimen dilaboratorium with wet destruction method in research in.i Factors studied are the characteristics of r0espondents including age, and length of work. Sampling was done as much as 20 ml of urine. Urine sample examination was done at Laboratory by using Wet Destruction method. The result of mercury (Hg) examination in gold miner's urine was obtained by an average of 15.8 μg / l Mercury (Hg) in urine with a threshold of 4 μg / l. The benefit of this research is to provide an overview of the level of toxicity that occurs due to gold mining in illegal gold miners in Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung, West Sumatra.
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Rebolledo Monsalve, Eduardo, Pedro Jiménez Prado, Jon Molinero Ortiz et Theofilos Toulkeridis. « Differences in Fish Abundance in Rivers under the Influence of Open-Pit Gold Mining in the Santiago-Cayapas Watershed, Esmeraldas, Ecuador ». Water 14, no 19 (23 septembre 2022) : 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14192992.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Illegal gold mining is on the rise in the tropical Andes. The Santiago-Cayapas watershed is located in the north of the Pacific basin of Ecuador, in the Chocó biogeographical region. It is recognized for its high biodiversity, as 62 fish species have been described in the area, and because it contains two of the largest protected areas in the Pacific coast of Ecuador: the mangroves of the Cayapas and Mataje Rivers and the Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve. Open-pit gold mining has been described in the area since 2006 and most mining fronts operate illegally and lack any environmental control. Heavy-metal concentrations and fish communities were studied in streams that drain active and abandoned mines, in larger rivers located downstream of the mined areas and in control sites without mining activities. Open-pit mining causes a reduction of dissolved oxygen concentrations and an increase of water temperature, turbidity, and concentrations of Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and V. Fish abundance decreased in streams that drain active mines, however, metrics of taxonomic diversity remain unchanged among the study sites. The response of fish communities to open-pit gold mining was complex and driven by the pollution tolerance of each species, the presence of specific adaptions to turbid waters, and changes in the fishing pressure as locals avoid fishing activities in mined areas. Finally, streams that drain abandoned mines showed chemical characteristics, metal concentrations, and fish communities that were similar to control sites, but maintained higher water temperatures than control sites.
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Susdiyanti, Tun, Sofian Iskandar, Ratna Sari Hasibuan, Ina Lidiawati, Teguh Angguh et Silviana Hasan. « PEMBUATAN JALUR WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI DESA MALASARI KECAMATAN NANGGUNG KABUPATEN BOGOR ». Jurnal Abdi Inovatif (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) 1, no 2 (27 novembre 2022) : 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jai.v1i2.421.
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Most Malasari village areas were a part of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. The people of Malasari village are farmers. Besides that, they also worked as an illegal miner (Gurandil) in an Aneka Tambang co-mining area. Ltd. Malasari Village has the potential natural beauty that can be used as a tourist-visit area. Malasari Village's people formed a tourism awareness group based on its natural beauty potential. Mapping of tourism potential is needed to develop natural tourism in Malasari Village. This community service activity aimed to map tourism potential, create paths and install interpretation boards, and assist the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) related to group legality management. All these activities are carried out with the community to get accurate results per the objectives. The results of this service are the availability of tourist maps, interpretation paths, interpretation board facilities and infrastructure, installation of interpretation boards and directions to tourist destinations, and the formation of the Sacred Village Tourism Awareness Group, which is a legal entity. Keywords: Malasari village, the potency of tourism, interpretation track Abstrak Desa Malasari sebagian besar wilayahnya berada di dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS). Mata pencaharian masyarakatnya selain bertani juga menjadi gurandil, yaitu menambang emas secara ilegal dalam kawasan konsesi PT Aneka Tambang. Desa Malasari memiliki keindahan alam yang perlu dijaga dan dilestarikan, sangat potensial sebagai daerah kunjungan wisata. Mempertimbangkan potensi ini, masyarakat desa membentuk Kelompok Sadar Wisata. Dalam rangka pengembangan wisata alam di Desa Malasari, perlu dilakukan pemetaan potensi wisata. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, bertujuan untuk memetakan potensi wisata, pembuatan jalur dan pemasangan papan interpretasi, serta pendampingan pada Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) berkaitan dengan pengurusan legalitas kelompok. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang realistis sesuai dengan tujuan, seluruh kegiatan ini dilaksanakan bersama masyarakat. Hasil pengabdian ini adalah tersedianya peta wisata, jalur interpretasi, sarana dan prasarana papan interpretasi, pemasangan papan-papan interpretasi dan penunjuk arah ke lokasi tujuan wisata, serta terbentuknya Kelompok Sadar Wisata Kampung Keramat yang berbadan hukum. Kata Kunci : Desa Malasari, potensi wisata, jalur interpretasi
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Osburg, Thomas. « Branding Raw Material to Improve Human Rights : Intel’s Ban on Conflict Minerals ». GfK Marketing Intelligence Review 8, no 1 (1 mai 2016) : 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gfkmir-2016-0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Many companies seek to take over more responsibility for their supply chain and their raw materials. Intel was one of the first companies investigating the origin of conflict minerals like tin, tantalum, gold or tungsten, which are used in many electronic products. Their path to ultimately offering conflict-free microprocessors took more than five years of consistent preparation and intensive reengineering of the business process. They identified smelters as a bottleneck in the supply chain and started cooperating closely with them to trace their minerals’ supply. By developing a bag-and-tag system the company is now able to ensure that their minerals are not sourced from illegal mines, which often finance illegal warlords, for example, in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The cooperation with the smelters brings about higher demand and in consequence higher prices for the legally sourced minerals. Many small miners and their families in the region directly benefit from the higher earnings.
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Ariyanti, Dwi Oktafia, Muhammad Ramadhan et JS Murdomo. « Penegakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Penambangan Pasir Secara Ilegal di Area Gumuk Pasir ». Jambura Law Review 2, no 1 (30 janvier 2020) : 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33756/jalrev.v2i1.4376.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mining activities has grown very much, a given result is very given an advantage for the miners. Nevertheless, activities which promise this also also bring an adverse impact on man and the environment when this activity was undertaken not based on the regulation that has been set. Mining illegally also occurred at the sandbanks Parangtritis, sandbanks I know about the Parangtritis are unique and useful for maintained because it is being very specific with the form of a crescent or bacon and is the one and only sandbanks found in the southeast Asia. Arrangement about mining activities that environmentally sound has set out in various regulation, but this appears to have not run as expected, so may is still needed law enforcement tighter and clear to mining sand conducted an illegal.
The research was conducted by juridical normative is the approach that was undertaken based on material law by means of reviewing the theory, the concept, a normative law and the regulatory legislation that deals with this research. This approach is known the approach literature, namely by studying books, regulation and other documents related to this research.
Criminal law enforcement of the mining sand illegally in sandbanks Parangtritis has started to walk but not yet optimal .The laws governing about mining sand has been is in a few rules, but the law enforcement not is the responsibility of law enforcement officials just, law enforcement is also a responsibility community in an effort to ahead and recover crimes sand mining illegally. Obstacles faced by law enforcement in dealing with crimes sand mining illegal in sandbanks Parangtritis are the lack of legal awareness to the community, economic factors, the lack of knowledge of the community towards the impact of mining sand illegally and factors law enforcement.
Key word: Criminal law; Sand Mining; Illegal
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Cando Jácome, Marcelo, A. M. Martinez-Graña et V. Valdés. « Detection of Terrain Deformations Using InSAR Techniques in Relation to Results on Terrain Subsidence (Ciudad de Zaruma, Ecuador) ». Remote Sensing 12, no 10 (17 mai 2020) : 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101598.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In Zaruma city, located in the El Oro province, Ecuador, gold mines have been exploited since before the colonial period. According to the chroniclers of that time, 2700 tons of gold were sent to Spain. This exploitation continued in the colonial, republican, and current periods. The legalized mining operation, with foreign companies such as South Development Company (SADCO) and national companies such as the Associated Industrial Mining Company (CIMA), exploited the mines legally until they dissolved and gave rise to small associations, artisanal mining, and, with them, illegal mining. Illegal underground mining is generated without order and technical direction, and cuts mineralized veins in andesitic rocks, volcanic breccia, tuffs and dacitic porphyry that have been intensely weatherized from surface to more than 80 meters depth. These rocks have become totally altered soils and saprolites, which have caused the destabilization of the mining galleries and the superficial collapse of the topographic relief. The illegal miners, called "Sableros", after a period of exploitation at one site, when the gold grade decreased, abandon these illegal mines to begin other mining work at other sites near mineralized veins or near legalized mining galleries in operation. Due to this anthropic activity of illegal exploitation through the mining galleries and “piques” that remain under the colonial center of the city, sinkings have occurred in various sectors detected and reported in various technical reports since 1995. The Ecuadorian Government has been unable to control these illegal mining activities. The indicators of initial subsidence of the terrain are small movements that accumulate over a time and that can be detected with InSAR technology in large areas, improving the traditional detection performed with geodetic instrumentation such as total stations and geodetic marks. Recent subsidence at Fe y Alegría-La Immaculada School, the city’s hospital and Gonzalo Pizarro Street, indicates that there is active subsidence in these and other sectors of the city. The dynamic triggers that have possibly accelerated the rate of subsidence and landslides on the slopes are earthquakes (5 to 6 Mw) and heavy rains in deforested areas. Although several sinks and active subsidence caused by underground mining were detected in these sectors and in other sectors in previous decades, which were detailed in various reports of geological hazards prepared by specialized institutions, underground mining has continued under the colonial city center. In view of the existing risk, this article presents a forecasting methodology for the constant monitoring of long-term soil subsidence, especially in the center of the colonial city, which is a national cultural heritage and candidate for the cultural heritage of humanity. This is a proposal for the use of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) for the subsidence analysis of topographic relief in the colonial area of the city of Zaruma by illegal mining galleries.
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Movchan, R. O., O. O. Dudorov, D. V. Kamensky, A. A. Vozniuk et V. V. Babanina. « Criminal liability for illegal mining : analysis of legislative novelties ». Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no 5 (30 octobre 2022) : 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-5/116.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose. Critical analysis of the criminal prohibition provided by Article 240 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, identification of its shortcomings, development of proposals for their elimination. Methodology. The system of philosophical, general scientific and specific-scientific methods and approaches that provided for objective analysis of the subject (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, generalization, abstraction, sociological, statistical, formal-logical). Findings. The shortcomings of the revised Article 240 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular, the uncertainty on the issue of the minimum cost of illegally mined minerals of national importance for recognizing an act as criminally unlawful, the lack of differentiation of criminal liability for illegal mining of minerals of national importance depending on the size (value) of the extracted items, the creation of an imbalance between the degree of severity of penalties in the form of a fine, enshrined in different parts of the prohibition under consideration, the groundlessness of constructing a sanction of Part 3, Article 240 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as non-alternative. Originality. The authors are the first in the doctrine of criminal law of Ukraine to carry out a comprehensive critical understanding of the updated version of the provision on the regulation of criminal liability for violation of the rules for the protection or use of subsoil, illegal mining, which made it possible to develop research-based recommendations for improving domestic criminal law. Practical value. Based on the results of the article, specific proposals addressed to domestic parliamentarians have been developed, which can be taken into account in the process of further lawmaking to update relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It has been argued that in the improved Article 240, the minimum value of illegally mined minerals of national importance should be determined in order to recognize the act as criminally unlawful, and the same criteria for the crime of illegal mining of minerals of local and national importance should be fixed. It has been substantiated that criminal liability for illegal mining of minerals of national importance should be differentiated depending on the size (value) of the mined items. It has been proven, including through references to law enforcement materials, that in the relevant sanctions, firstly, along with imprisonment for a certain period, an alternative main type of punishment in the form of a fine should be indicated, and secondly, the imbalance between the degree of severity of punishments, provided for in different parts of the provision under consideration, should be eliminated.
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Nugraha, Agung, et Semiarto A. Purwanto. « Neo-Esktraktivisme Tambang Timah di Pulau Bangka ». Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society 2, no 1 (6 juin 2020) : 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v2i1.95.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tin mining on Bangka Island was monopolized by large companies since the colonial period until twenty years ago. Furthermore, illegal tin miners or unconventional mines (tambang inkonvensional or TI) are the main actors in tin exploitation. We conducted research on the network of tin mining actors to explain the social relations, capital, and business of tin miners. Through the case study method, we observed and interviewed our informants during the March-October 2018 period. Within the neo-extractivism framework, we examined that TI players were connected to the mining business supported by global investment through a network of sub-collectors, collectors, and the smelting industry. This network serves to legalize the tin obtained by TI while ensuring the supply of industrial raw materials to support exports. We conclude that there has been a shift from production to distribution sectors. When emphasis on production processes, various institutional decays occur which involve state actors in it. Next, as attention is paid to the distribution chain, a shadow network that hides behind official companies emerges.
Thèses sur le sujet "Illegal Miner"
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CANDIANI, GIANLUCA. « HLJEB SA SEDAM KORA ovvero IL PANE DALLE SETTE CROSTE. Lavoro e identità tra i minatori illegali di carbone di Zenica (BiH) : etnografia di una realtà post-socialista ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/305212.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Una vasca da bagno risale lentamente, come sospinta dal soffio di Madre Terra, dalle viscere di una collina metallifera nei pressi di Zenica, nella Bosnia centrale. Un carico di carbone fumante appena estratto è pronto per essere setacciato e caricato su un vecchio camion dell’esercito jugoslavo dalla squadra di minatori che opera in superficie. È così che, dalle profondità della terra dove trovano lavoro centinaia di minatori illegali bosniaci, nasce un florido commercio parallelo di carbone che andrà ad alimentare caldaie e cucine di migliaia di famiglie in tutto il Paese. Ciò avviene in totale assenza di contratti, norme di sicurezza, tutele assicurative o garanzie di alcun tipo per i lavoratori.
Nella città considerata una «Jugoslavia in miniatura», modello del socialismo reale, trainata dalla sua acciaieria (Željezara Zenica) e dall’indotto metallurgico-minerario (più di 50.000 operai), fino agli inizi degli anni Novanta a inebriare l’ambiente economico e socio-culturale era il senso di sigurnost (sicurezza) e di fiducia nel futuro, sprigionate da un paradigma lavorativo fondato sulla Samoupravljanje (Autogestione). Questo metteva al centro la figura dell’uomo-operaio, autentico simbolo del progresso e del miglioramento delle condizioni di vita e lavoro avvenuto nel secondo Dopoguerra.
La dissoluzione della Jugoslavia e la Guerra che ne è seguita, ha portato al collasso del sistema-vita in cui gli abitanti di Zenica hanno vissuto per 50 anni. I lavoratori dell’acciaieria e delle miniere statali sono stati espulsi in massa dal mercato del lavoro senza alternative valide a livello occupazionale, sfavoriti da un contesto economico che orbitava intorno a una sola cometa: l’industria pesante.
Alla luce dei profondi mutamenti occorsi in Bosnia ed Erzegovina nelle ultime decadi, come sono andati riconfigurandosi dal punto di vista lavorativo e sociale, le traiettorie esistenziali degli abitanti di Zenica?
Ho cercato di avvicinarmi a questo interrogativo analizzando il prisma dell’economia sommersa che, negli anni dell’ultimo Dopoguerra e dei piani di aggiustamento strutturali in chiave neoliberista (apertura al libero mercato, privatizzazione delle proprietà sociali, deregolamentazione finanziaria, de-sindacalizzazione delle imprese), ha guadagnato un ruolo di primo piano nell’intero panorama economico-produttivo bosniaco (Divjak & Pugh, 2013).
Attraverso l’etnografia e l’esperienza di lavoro con i minatori illegali di Zenica, ho cercato di indagare la situazione inerente al mercato del lavoro (in particolare l’estrazione abusiva del carbone) e i temi ad esso correlati quali disoccupazione, emigrazione, diritti dei lavoratori, corruzione, sfruttamento, genere e processi di produzione di illegalità in questo particolare contesto post-industriale, post-bellico e post-socialista. L’estrazione illegale dell’oro nero bosniaco, unitamente all’interesse per le questioni che riguardano il complesso e sfaccettato quadro economico-sociale e politico-culturale del Paese, mi ha portato ad intercettare il filone di studi delle Artisanal and Small Scale Mining (ASM), da cui la presente tesi ha attinto parte dell’impalcatura teorica.
Come primo progetto di studi in ambito europeo sulle ASM il lavoro non gode di una letteratura d’area cui appoggiarsi, pertanto l’impianto teorico prenderà spunto da più fonti, rinunciando ad ogni pretesa di esaustività. La speranza è semmai quella di contribuire al dibattito accademico cercando di rendere, attraverso l’etnografia, da un lato la complessità delle nuove relazioni sociali ed economiche legate ad un mutato universo di significati in cui agiscono gli attori del panorama estrattivo artigianale zeničano, dall’altro di presentare le prospettive future di un vasto mondo del lavoro illegale, connesso a scelte politiche ed economiche non solo di carattere locale ma soprattutto federale, nazionale e globale.A bathtub rises slowly, as pushed by the Mother Earth’s breath, from the bowels of a metallic hill near Zenica, in central Bosnia. A cargo of freshly extracted steaming coal is ready to be sieved, stowed in 50 kg bags, and loaded into an old Yugoslav army truck by the miners working outside. Here, from the depths of the earth where hundreds of Bosnian illegal miners find work, a thriving parallel coal trade is born, in order to feed stoves, boilers and kitchens for thousands of families across the country. This occurs in the total absence of contracts, any kind of safety regulations, insurance protections or guarantees for the workers. During the Tito period, this city was considered a «miniature Yugoslavia», a true model of real socialism, driven by both its steel mill (Željezara Zenica) and the metallurgical-mining industries (which employed more than 50,000 workers). Until the beginning of the nineties, the economic and socio-cultural environment was enhanced by the pervasive sense of sigurnost (security) and the confidence in the future, released by a work paradigm based on Samoupravljanje (Self-management). This was focused on the man-worker, an authentic symbol of progress and improvement of living and working conditions, which took place in the second post-war period. The dissolution of Yugoslavia and the consequent war led to the collapse of this life-system, known by the inhabitants of Zenica for 50 years. The steel mill and State mines workers were all expelled from the labor market without valid alternatives in terms of employment. They were also penalized by an economic context based on a single, great and bright direction: the “heavy” industry, fundamental and everlasting point of reference for thousands of workers and citizens. Considering the deep changes occurred in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the last few decades: how the lives of the Zenica (the "Incandescent City") inhabitants have been set up again from a working and social point of views? I tried to approach this question by analyzing the condition of the underground economy. During the last postwar period and throughout the structural adjustment plans in a neoliberal view (for example, the opening to the free market, privatization of social property, financial deregulation, de-unionization of companies), this hidden economy has gained a leading role in the entire Bosnian economic-productive landscape (Divjak & Pugh, 2013). Considering the ethnography and my experience working with the illegal miners in Zenica, I wanted to investigate the situation of the labor market (in particular illegal coal mining) and the related issues, such as unemployment, emigration, rights of workers, corruption, exploitation, gender, conflicts, cooperative methods and illegal production processes in this particular post-industrial, post-war and post-socialist context. The illegal "private" extraction of Bosnian black gold, together with my interest in issues like the complex and diverse economic-social and political-cultural framework of the Country, led me to the specific studies of the Artisanal and Small Scale Mining (ASM), from which the theoretical framework of this thesis is based. As the first European study project on ASM, this work does not have a literature background to rely on, therefore the theoretical framework will be inspired by different sources, without claiming to be exhaustive. My aim (and hope) is to contribute to the academic debate. Through ethnography, I am trying to explain the complexity of the new social and economic relationships connected to the changed life meanings in which the artisanal miners of Zenica are working now. Also, I want to present the future possibilities for the large world of illegal work, deeply linked to political and economic choices, not only local but especially the federal, national and global ones.
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NAVA, ANNALISA. « PRATICHE ILLEGALI, AGIRE CRIMINALE E FENOMENO MIGRATORIO. IL CASO DEL CARA DI MINEO ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/740847.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Questo elaborato mira a comprendere l’impatto delle politiche securitarie in ambito migratorio sulla realtà concreta del sistema di accoglienza italiano, con un focus particolare sulle dinamiche illegali e criminali che esse contribuiscono a generare. La ricerca si inserisce all’interno di un momento storico molto particolare, che vede le politiche di accoglienza oggetto di cambiamenti su larga scala. Il caso studio analizzato riguarda il Cara di Mineo, il più grande centro di accoglienza nazionale, chiuso definitivamente nel luglio 2019. In questa struttura si ripropongono, amplificati, i meccanismi e i cortocircuiti propri dell’intero sistema. In particolare, l’indagine verte sul labile confine tra pratiche legali e illegali, sviluppatesi in un contesto segnato da marginalizzazione e isolamento. A queste dinamiche afferiscono comportamenti criminali specifici, come lo sviluppo di una cellula di criminalità organizzata nigeriana, che vengono esaminati sempre rispetto alla relazione con il terreno in cui si diffondono. Quella che si configura come una sorta di “fabbrica dell’irregolarità”, secondo i risultati della ricerca sul campo, svolge un ruolo cruciale nella sovrapposizione dei concetti di vittimizzazione e di agency criminale.This dissertation aims to include the impact of securitization policies on the concrete reality of the Italian reception system, with a particular focus on the illegal and criminal dynamics that they contribute to generate. The research is part of a very particular historical moment, which sees reception policies subject to large-scale changes. The case study analyzed concerns the “Cara of Mineo”, the largest national reception center, definitively closed in July 2019. In this structure, the mechanisms and short circuits of the entire system are reproduced, amplified. In particular, the investigation deals with the unstable boundary between legal and illegal practices developed in a context marked by marginalization and isolation. Certain specific criminal conducts belong to these dynamics, such as the development of a Nigerian organized crime cell, which are always examined with respect to the relationship with the ground in which they spread. According to the results of the field research, what is configured as a sort of "factory of irregularity" plays a crucial role in overlapping the concepts of victimization and criminal agency.
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Valverde, Luna Vanessa Sofía, et Añaños Diego Alonso Collantes. « Approaches for a comprehensive regulatory response to illegal gold commerce ». IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123635.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper pretends to analyze the functioning and the limitations of some legal tools that the Peruvian state has posed as a part of his normative answer to the grave phenomenon of illegal gold mining, organized form of criminality whose utilities have surpassed the ones of drug trafficking. With this purpose, two axes of analysis has been proposed with incidence upon the illegal commercialization of gold: (i) the criminal tools, which specifically involve the crimes of illegal mining, clandestine commerce and money laundering; and (ii) the administrative tools, which involve the Legislative Decrees N° 1103 and 1107, the Supreme Decrees N° 012-2012-EM and N° 17-2009-MTC, among others. The authors have noticed several legislative policy errors in these elements and therefore implement recommendations to increase the global effectiveness of the regulation.El presente trabajo apunta a evaluar el funcionamiento y las limitaciones de algunas de las herramientas jurídicas que el Estado peruano ha planteado como parte de su respuesta normativa frente al grave fenómeno de la minería ilegal, forma organizada de criminalidad cuyas ganancias ilícitas han superado en los últimos años a las del tráfico ilícito de drogas. Con tal finalidad, se han propuesto dos ejes de análisis con incidencia en la comercialización del oro ilegal: (i) las herramientas penales, que específicamente comprenden los delitos de minería ilegal, comercio clandestino y lavado de activos; y (ii) las herramientas administrativas, compuestas por los Decretos Legislativos No. 1103 y 1107, los Decretos Supremos No. 012-2012-EM y No. 17-2009-MTC, entre otros. Los autores han advertido diversos errores de política legislativa en estos elementos e implementan recomendaciones para incrementar la eficacia global de la regulación.
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Williams, Gillian. « Environmental and organisational drivers for the nature of the relationship between illegal miners and mining companies ». Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Artisanal and/or illegal mining occurs throughout the African continent and is affected
by government institutions and their policies, mining companies and their activities as
well as the communities where it occurs. Mining companies, in particular, make
significant investments in the communities around their mines via corporate social
responsibility (CSR). Mining companies choose to either acknowledge that illegal
miners are in fact a stakeholder in the community around the mine, and manage the
relationship proactively, or they choose to accept that the activity is illegal and/or opt for
the government and police to get involved in managing the relationship.
The research explores the possibility of mining companies and illegal miners
cooperating with each other, instead of competing, and the nature of the mining
companies CSR and stakeholder engagement (SE) strategies that make for a more
transformational relationship. The research establishes the environmental and
organisational factors that drive this relationship.
Ten interviews were conducted with CSR practitioners, sustainability managers, asset
protection experts, consultants and geologists working for gold mining companies
operating throughout Africa. Qualitative data was collected through the use of semistructured
interviews and the data was analysed using content analysis.
Through this research, a stakeholder identification and engagement tool has been
developed for mining companies and their managers to use throughout their global
operations. This tool can be used to report and manage the relationship with illegal
miners globally, as the relationship is highly dependent on the country setting and
context.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lmgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
Unrestricted
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Ngomane, Fortunate Nomxolisi. « The rebellious and ungovernable Barberton community against Barberton Mines (Pty) Ltd ». Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25712.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Text in EnglishThis is a study of community protest against Barberton Mines (Pty) Ltd. It is a study of conflict and conflict resolutions. Barberton Mines (Pty) Ltd is one of the three gold mining companies in Barberton, and is in dire need of a bankable community/stakeholder relation management strategy, which should at least reduce, if not eliminate, the endless violent community protests against its operations. Methodologically, the study is predicated on a qualitative approach backed by oral interviews and the use of a survey. The study reveals that as much as the community appreciates Barberton Mines for its delivery in socio-economic development initiatives, Barberton Mines’ recruitment and procurement departments are not doing any justice in terms of preferred policy in favour of the locals/Barberton community. This is a key source of conflict. The results also reveal that the Barberton Mines Transformation Trust (BMTT), a vehicle established for socioeconomic development in Barberton, is considered to be ineffective by the community and is one of the causes of the conflict. The resolutions of the conflict include the effective implementation of the mining legislation and unrolling of the Mining Charter. The effectiveness and lack thereof of these conflict resolutions are subjected to analysis in this study.
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
Livres sur le sujet "Illegal Miner"
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(Nigeria), Plateau State. Government white paper on the report of the administrative panel to look into the clash between the police and illegal miners in Keffi Local Government Area. Jos : Plateau State of Nigeria, 1986.
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United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research., dir. European action on small arms and light weapons and explosive remnants of war : Final report, June 2006. Geneva : United Nations, 2006.
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United States. Internal Revenue Service., dir. Tax administration : Lessons learned from IRS' initial experience in redeploying employees : report to the Honorable Margaret Milner Richardson, Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Washington, D.C : The Office, 1997.
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Office, General Accounting. Tax administration : Lessons learned from IRS' initial experience in redeploying employees : report to the Honorable Margaret Milner Richardson, Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Washington, D.C : The Office, 1997.
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Cheng, Christine. Diamonds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199673346.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In Liberia’s diamond sector, the dynamics of the BOPC Group show how diamond mines remain vulnerable to takeover long after war has ended. From mining to taxing to exporting, West African governments have long struggled to control the supply of diamonds within their territories and the physical and social isolation of diamond mining areas has meant that they effectively govern themselves. This geographical buffer gives extralegal groups room to grow, develop organizational structures, and build up local networks of influence. Yet their claims to legitimacy are ultimately rooted in whether their mining activities are classified as legal or illegal, formal or informal, legitimate or illegitimate. Characterizing artisanal diamond mining as an “illicit” activity also feeds into the international community’s desire to sanitize the industry—even at the expense of miners’ livelihoods. This chapter demonstrates that these categorizations are not simply claims of law, but claims of power.
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Cheng, Anne Anlin. Ornament and Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0014.
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Who constitute “natural persons”? How do we move from a biological person to a legal standing? And what does a superficial, minor, and feminized category like the ornament have to do with these large questions? This chapter introduces a case that is little known but arguably one of the most significant habeas corpus cases in the nineteenth century in order to track the surprisingly critical role that racialized and feminized objects played in forming juridical ideas of natural and unnatural persons, legal and illegal subjects, citizenship and criminality. What this case reveals about how a body comes to be legally discernible holds profound implications and challenges for how we conceptualize citizenship and civil rights today.
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Yamin, Rebecca. Working-class Childhood in Nineteenth-century New York City. Sous la direction de Sally Crawford, Dawn M. Hadley et Gillian Shepherd. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199670697.013.11.
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The children in New York City’s nineteenth-century working-class immigrant families were explorers. It was they, more than their parents, who had the time and the nerve to go beyond their immediate neighbourhoods. Neither constrained by regular work nor school (at least until 1874 when school became mandatory), they were free to wander the streets—to work at odd jobs, to challenge the law with minor (and probably some major) illegal acts. Working-class children made their own world outside the tenements where there was no room to play inside. Their lives were relatively unsupervised and they thrived on the freedom. The challenge for urban archaeologists is to find material evidence of working-class children’s activities. This chapter explores the archaeological evidence for working-class children’s lives through a number of excavated sites and brings a new understanding to the life of children in New York city.
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High, Mette M. Fear and Fortune. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707544.001.0001.
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Mongolia over the last decade has seen a substantial and ongoing gold rush. The wide-spread mining of gold looks at first glance to be a blessing for a desperately poor and largely pastoralist country. Volatility and uncertainty as well as political and economic turmoil led many people to join the hopeful search for gold. This activity poses an intense moral problem; in the “land of dust,” disturbing the ground and extracting the precious metal is widely believed to have calamitous consequences. With gold retaining strong ties to the landscape and its many spirit beings, the fortune of the precious metal is inseparable from the fears that surround mining. This book considers the results of several years of fieldwork in Mongolia, time spent with the “ninjas,” as the miners are known locally, as well as the people who disapprove of their illegal activities and warn of the retribution that the land and its inhabitants may suffer as a result. As such, the book is a well-structured read on the Mongolian gold rush and the spirit forces that underpin it. It provides a uniquely up-close and personal view onto gold mining and its international circuitry, based on a sensitive study of Mongolian sociality, miners, religious knowledge and practice, and ways of envisioning and experiencing what counts as “value” in the Mongolian gold rush today.
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European Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons and Explosive Remnants of War : Final Report. United Nations Pubns, 2007.
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Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio, Luis Felipe Higuita Gutiérrez et Juan Carlos Cataño Correa. Vínculos entre minería aurífera y salud : un estudio en Buriticá, Antioquia. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/9789587602876.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research about the relation of mining and health has traditionally been carried out ex post, that is, with evaluation of the effects of mining on the health profiles of miners or exposed people, time after to the start of this economic activity. This limits the evaluation of the impact of mining on health, given the lack of knowledge about health indicators prior to the start of mining, or due to the absence of a baseline to analyze series of time. In addition, specific indicators such as vector-borne diseases (for example, malaria morbidity or mortality in endemic areas with mining activity), respiratory problems, effects of contamination with materials used in mining, among other topics, are generally investigated in illegal mining contexts. In Colombia there are few publications about the health profiles in legal mining areas, prior to the mining phase, as a determining aspect to establish a baseline that allows quantitative evaluation of the impacts of this economic activity on the health of the exposed people. This research analyzes the health profile of the residents of a geographic area with the presence of underground gold mining in Buriticá-Antioquia, according to sociodemographic conditions during 2019. The central outcomes of this profile were risk factors related to health services and lifestyle, felt morbidity, overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, STIs, breast disorders, lung conditions, all with their potential socio-economic risks.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Illegal Miner"
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Enonchong, Nelson. « Where the Illegality is Only a Minor Transgression ». Dans Illegal Transactions, 319–22. London : Informa Law from Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003123262-21.
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Hasler, Olivia. « Mining as Ecocide : The Case of Adani and the Carmichael Mine in Australia ». Dans Illegal Mining, 497–527. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46327-4_18.
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Nesvet, Matthew. « Migrant Workers, Artisanal Gold Mining, and “More-Than-Human” Sousveillance in South Africa’s Closed Gold Mines ». Dans Illegal Mining, 329–57. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46327-4_12.
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Romein, Christel Annemieke. « Hesse-Cassel : Alledged Sedition and Law-Suits (1640s–1650s) ». Dans Protecting the Fatherland : Lawsuits and Political Debates in Jülich, Hesse-Cassel and Brittany (1642-1655), 81–139. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74240-9_4.
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AbstractIn this chapter I discuss another German case, that of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel. The Thirty Year’s War led to a governmental crisis and Landgrave William V went into exile where he died. The minor William VI inherited the occupied principality, which his regent-mother Amelie Elisabeth set out to reconquer. In 1646 Amelie required 4000 Malter of corn for her armed forces, and she convened an assembly requesting the nobility for their consent. The nobility, however, needed more time to debate the matter but was confronted with the illegal requisition of the resources. They saw this as a violation of their noble privileges led to an assembly of the nobility, which was consequently banned by the landgravine. The situation triggered a fierce reaction by the nobility, suggesting that the landgravine was attempting to establish an arbitrary rule. Since communication became strained, the nobility brought the situation under the attention of the Imperial Chamber Court in 1651. The lawsuit that followed showed that fatherland terminology was accepted in the formal, legal language by lawyers of both parties. In the argumentation sedition, privileges, traditions and the fear of the establishment of an arbitrary government are all used.
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« illegal coal mine working ». Dans Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 715. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_90275.
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High, Mette M. « Trading Gold ». Dans Fear and Fortune. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707544.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter looks at the gold traders who take part in economic circuits that are oriented away from the mines and toward the yuan of their Chinese trading partners within Asia's illegal gold trade. For them, the intersection of gold wealth with international money flows is conducive to the transformation of their “lifeless” earnings into profitable and productive currency. Holding and handling unmatched quantities, they quickly reinvest their “renewed” money into the gold trade or a business venture. Often transformed into visible, material wealth, money from the illegal gold trade thus offers a competing topography of wealth that is based not on the accumulation of fortune in livestock but on risk taking and business acumen.
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Beatson, Jack, Andrew Burrows et John Cartwright. « 11. Illegality ». Dans Anson's Law of Contract, 405–34. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198829973.003.0011.
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This chapter considers what counts as illegality and the effect of illegality on a contract (and consequent restitution). The approach of the Courts to illegality has been transformed for the better, and simplified, by the Supreme Court in Patel v Mirza in 2016. Illegal conduct, tainting a contract, can vary widely from serious crimes (eg murder) to relatively minor crimes (eg breach of licensing requirements) through to civil wrongs and to conduct that does not comprise a wrong but is contrary to public policy. As regards the effect of illegality, where a statute does not deal with this, the common law approach is now to apply a range of factors. A final section of the chapter examines contracts in restraint of trade.
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Wesley, David T. A., et Sheila M. Puffer. « The End of Sand ». Dans Reusable and Sustainable Building Materials in Modern Architecture, 1–27. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6995-4.ch001.
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This chapter focuses on how sand, the second most used natural resource on earth after water, is facing one of the greatest environmental challenges of the new millennium. Sand is a crucial material used in all sorts of building projects, from asphalt, concrete, and glass. Globally, construction accounts for the largest portion of the 15 billion tons of sand consumed annually. Yet, sand is a finite resource and the depletion of alluvial sand used in construction is destroying the ecosystem of riverbeds, sea beds, and coastal beaches, and is contributing seriously to climate change. This chapter will discuss how these threats have developed, including coastal construction and erosion, river dredging, and sand “mafias” whereby illegal sand miners strip beaches and use sand in inferior concrete that has led to building collapses and deaths. The authors then discuss potential solutions to this crisis, including regulation and enforcement of environmental and construction standards, as well as materials substitution such as desert sand, sand created from sandstone, and recycled glass.
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Vogel, Christoph N. « Conflicted Certification ». Dans Conflict Minerals, Inc., 173–98. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197659649.003.0008.
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Abstract Beyond the socio-economic impact of traceability systems such as iTSCi, another yardstick for "conflict-free" sourcing initiatives is linked to the evolution of conflict around eastern Congo's artisanal mines. This chapter demonstrates the limited positive impact of the fight against "conflict minerals". First, it illustrates how conflict parties, illegal trade, and transnational regulation geographically co-habit, and how they permeate each other while competing for "public authority" in mining areas. Inspired by seminal scholarship on regulation and access, the chapter describes the challenges for reform in a context of competing legal and contested political order. Second, it puts transnational regulation of artisanal mining in perspective with the ongoing fragmentation of armed politics in eastern Congo. As opposed to dominant readings of the resource conflicts nexus, this book refrains from suggesting causality, but emphasises how the certification of eastern Congo's 3T minerals correlates with a perpetuation of violence and new peaks in human rights violations and rebel proliferation.
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Khan, Anish, et Dragan Peraković. « A Survey on Emerging Security Issues, Challenges, and Solutions for Internet of Things (IoTs) ». Dans Advances in Malware and Data-Driven Network Security, 148–75. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7789-9.ch009.
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The internet of things is a cutting-edge technology that is vulnerable to all sorts of fictitious solutions. As a new phase of computing emerges in the digital world, it intends to produce a huge number of smart gadgets that can host a wide range of applications and operations. IoT gadgets are a perfect target for cyber assaults because of their wide dispersion, availability/accessibility, and top-notch computing power. Furthermore, as numerous IoT devices gather and investigate private data, they become a gold mine for hostile actors. Hence, the matter of fact is that security, particularly the potential to diagnose compromised nodes, as well as the collection and preservation of testimony of an attack or illegal activity, have become top priorities. This chapter delves into the timeline and the most challenging security and privacy issues that exist in the present scenario. In addition to this, some open issues and future research directions are also discussed.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Illegal Miner"
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Suwarno, Suwarno, et Pamadya Vitasmoro. « The Impact of Illegal Mining toward Sand Miners’ Society ». Dans Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007415400710073.
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Gaikina, M. IU, et M. V. Kotochigova. « Motives of illegal behavior of minor children committing petty theft ». Dans TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-08-2018-29.
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Singh, P., S. K. Chaulya, V. K. Singh et Tanmoya Nemai Ghosh. « Motion detection and tracking using microwave sensor for eliminating illegal mine activities ». Dans 2018 3rd International Conference on Microwave and Photonics (ICMAP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmap.2018.8354484.
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Mendizábal, Andrés, et Francisco Montalvo. « Description of the Integrated Electronic Security System – SISE Implemented at OCP (Heavy Crude Oil Pipleine) in Ecuador ». Dans 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90010.
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The OCP (Oleoducto de Crudos Pesados - Heavy Crude Oil Pipeline) pipeline in Ecuador crosses through several regions determined by unique characteristics and threats. The pipeline runs almost parallel and at some points close (30km) to the border with Colombia, country with a very active group of illegal armed forces. It is also known that the logistics of these illegal groups operate within Ecuador. Within this context, and also considering minor delinquency within Ecuador, OCP Ecuador S.A. emphasized on the need to have a Security Management Model that addresses the security threats to which the pipeline is vulnerable. Under this model the company has invested in the implementation of an Integrated Electronic Security System (SISE) in order to monitor and control security of terminals, pumping and pressure reduction stations, block valve sites and other specific sites along the pipeline. This paper describes the SISE, its equipment and how it is managed in order to present a security model to other pipeline operators with similar threats.
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Mbonane, Thokozani Patrick, Angela Mathee, André Swart et Nisha Naicker. « High Blood Lead Levels and Perceived Societal and Health Issues Amongst Juvenile Illegal Miners : A Call for Multisectoral Action ». Dans The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Healthcare. Basel Switzerland : MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iech2022-12466.
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