Thèses sur le sujet « ICAR/11 PRODUZIONE EDILIZIA »
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DUCA, ALESSANDRA. « Strategia di comunicazione strutturata nella gestione dei processi di manutenzione edilizia ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242327.
Texte intégralVITULANO, SUSANNA. « Metodi di misurazione dello sviluppo sostenibile : il settore agroalimentare italiano ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243024.
Texte intégralMORETTI, DANIELE. « Smart village oltre la sommatoria delle smart house ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242329.
Texte intégralVITALONI, GIORGIA. « Centralità diffuse : quali strategie per il progetto della città recente ? » Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242215.
Texte intégralRobuffo, Federico. « An innovative approach for automated job-site work progress assessment ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242858.
Texte intégralSPADONI, SARA. « Sistema di controllo attivo per l'incremento del potere fonoisolante delle facciate vetrate ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242241.
Texte intégralCarbonari, Alessandro. « Using causal networks for decision making in building design ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242537.
Texte intégralAnsuini, Roberta. « Modeling a knowledge framework for design education : towards digital scaffolding tools ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241978.
Texte intégralPIGINI, MARCELLO. « Tecniche di pianificazione collaborativa e controllo in un caso di concurrent engineering ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242515.
Texte intégralMARINELLI, FEDERICA. « Chiusure verticali con materiali a cambiamento di fase (PCM) per il risparmio energetico negli edifici : i modelli bayesiani come supporto al progettista nelle fasi preliminari di progettazione ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242235.
Texte intégralArcuri, Luciana. « Il problema della conservazione dell'architettura moderna in calcestruzzo armato. Casi studio a Salerno ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/166.
Texte intégralIl XX secolo è stato il periodo in cui si è avuta la maggiore produzione edilizia e in cui si è andata a delineare la configurazione attualmente prevalente delle città e dei territori. In esso si riscontra un fiorire di innovazioni sia tecnologiche sia formali che sono testimonianza del passaggio fondamentale dalle tecniche tradizionali, di impronta artigianale, alle moderne tecniche industriali. E’ evidente che sia totalmente improponibile una museificazione dell’intero patrimonio architettonico di tale periodo storico sia per la insostenibilità politica ed economica, sia perché priva di alcun fondamento culturale. Nasce, quindi, la necessità di individuare quali siano i criteri per decidere se un’ opera sia o meno idonea per essere tramandata alle generazioni future e quali siano le metodologie di conservazione più corrette. A differenza del patrimonio edilizio storico, quello moderno presenta alcuni problemi diversi. Il suo degrado è spesso sia costruttivo che prestazionale e i motivi della sua salvaguardia possono essere, contemporaneamente: collegati al proprio valore storico-artistico, si impone, quindi, il rispetto del manufatto in ogni sua forma e significato; e non collegati a tale valenza, si necessita, in tal caso, manterne il valore generale (economico, ecologico, sociale). In altre parole, la conservazione del Moderno impone di tenere in vita sia l’icona che l’ordinario, riconoscendone il valore socio-culturale e, allo stesso tempo, facendo perdurare la sua validità economica. Il lavoro di ricerca si articola in tre fasi. La prima è finalizzata ad indagare lo “stato dell’arte” del recupero del patrimonio architettonico moderno e contemporaneo. Per fare ciò è necessario analizzare il quadro normativo vigente sia a livello europeo, sia nazionale, sia regionale. Successivamente bisognerà analizzare le attuali posizioni del mondo scientifico-culturale. La seconda fase è quella di analisi dei casi studio. Dopo un primo momento di ricerca storicobibliografica, si è proceduto all’ analisi dello stato di fatto, e, successivamente, all’analisi delle problematiche rilevate. In primo luogo è stata presa in analisi la Chiesa della Sacra Famiglia, sita all’interno del quartiere Fratte di Salerno e progettata da Paolo Portoghesi e Vittorio Gigliotti nel 1968. I progettisti creano lo spazio, inteso come insieme di luoghi, cui è associata una specifica funzione, utilizzando setti curvi in calcestruzzo armato. In realtà tutto il progetto nasce dall’individuazione di sei centri che diventano fulcri di determinate attività. L’interno è caratterizzato dalla presenza di tre centri che generano altrettante volte che poggiano su setti circolari e il tutto è unito da un’unica cupola, in modo da manifestare il concetto di “uno e trino”. Gli altri tre centri individuano la sistemazione esterna. L'analisi di tale opera ha portato ad affrontare in maniera accurata la tematica relativa al degrado del materiale che più di ogni altro ha caratterizzato l'architettura del XX sec.: il calcestruzzo armato. Dopo aver affrontato le varie cause che innescano i fenomeni di degrado e le varie tecniche di ripristino, si è elaborato un lessico atto a individuare i vari fenomeni presenti in una struttura in calcestruzzo. Secondo caso-studio è la fabbrica Landis&Gyr, realizzata negli anni ‘62-’65 nella piana del Piacentino a sud di Salerno, e progettata da Luigi Cosenza. Peculiarità di tutta l’opera di Luigi Cosenza è quella di umanizzare quelli che erano i principi del Razionalismo. La persona che dovrà poi usufruire del bene architettonico diviene soggetto del pensiero progettuale, che nasce dall’analisi delle sue esigenze. E’ per questo motivo che egli cambia in modo radicale il modo di progettare una fabbrica, non pensando solo alle esigenze delle macchine, ma, soprattutto, a quelle degli operai, avendo la convinzione che il rendimento non possa che aumentare quando vi sia un perfetto equilibrio fisico e spirituale. Lo spazio nasce, quindi, dall’analisi della posizione delle macchine e degli addetti, e non viceversa. Visto lo stato in cui versa attualmente questa opera, in questo caso l'attenzione si è focalizzata circa la possibilità di rifunzionalizzare un bene nel rispetto delle sue peculiarità e, allo stesso tempo, creando un aumento del valore economico e sociale. Infine si è presa in esame la fabbrica delle Ceramiche Solimene, realizzata negli anni 1952-54 a Vietri (Sa), e progettata da Paolo Soleri. Essa si sviluppa su un lotto esiguo, delimitato da una parete rocciosa, fortemente scoscesa, e dalla strada d’ingresso a Vietri sul Mare. Lo sviluppo di una rampa interna, che poggia su pilastri simili ad alberi pietrificati, seguendo l’inclinazione della parete esterna, crea un architettura che è contemporaneamente di sosta e di percorso, poiché lungo il suo sviluppo si articolano le varie fasi lavorative e si vengono a definire le postazioni di lavoro dei vari operai. E’ sicuramente questo un’eccezionale esempio di Architettura Organica pienamente integrata nel paesaggio vietrese fatto non solo di flora, ma anche di architettura vernacolare. Questa architettura ha messo in evidenza il problema dell'adeguamento nei riguardi sia della sicurezza, sia del miglioramento energetico, sia dell'innovazione tecnologica. L'ultima fase della ricerca è stata quella relativa alla formulazione di una proposta di metodologia di intervento sul patrimonio architettonico moderno e contemporaneo. [a cura dell'autore]
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CASOLARO, ANTONIO. « Sviluppo di un sistema wireless a basso consumo energetico per la rilevazione ed il monitoraggio in tempo reale di perdite idriche ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242905.
Texte intégralWater loss is a major challenge in all advanced societies, with economic costs arising from the waste of the precious resource. The work here presented in this thesis describes the development of an innovative system for detecting and locating leaks in water pipes, able to combine diagnostic accuracy and advanced features such as automatic and continuous monitoring in real time. This is allowed thanks to a wireless sensor network designed ad hoc, in which all devices implement power saving features in order to be able to stay in operation for years without maintenance. Further the wireless system ensures a stable mesh network for the data collection from the sensors, and communication toward remote server for additional computing. The devices designed for the acquisition, sample signals produced by the leakages in the pipeline by using MEMS acceleration sensors. The detection of the loss occurs by using a probability index developed starting from the equivalent levels of noise calculated on time intervals of consecutive measurements. The localization of the position of the loss occurs through the application of the method of cross-correlation, which is shown with an analysis of the base function (BCC ) and the generalized (GCC ) along with PHAT estimator. Finally, the results obtained in test campaigns were presented: the GCC with PHAT has suppressed signal distortion caused by reflections and standing waves, and frequency shift of the signal acquisition devices. The system was able to limit to 0.5m the maximum error in the leakage position estimating process. To obtain the best results, we recommend sampling at a higher frequency ( > 1 kHz ) and the adoption of detailed physical models and characteristic for the pipes on which acquisitions take place. In conclusion, the system has demonstrated excellent performance on the field.
Scorrano, Pierpaolo. « Wireless platform for non intrusive and real time diagnosis for buildings ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242744.
Texte intégralThe main advantage of Wireless Sensor Network is the absence of cables. This feature makes them pervasive and easy to install. This thesis demonstrates the feasibility of developing a structural monitoring system based on this technology; the monitoring system developed can be installed not only on new buildings, but also on existing buildings or sites for the restoration. The proposed system is composed by a backbone, consisting of ZigBee routers, and by sensor nodes that have the task to perform the measurements. We have developed, validated and tested three types of sensors: a tilt electrolyte, a MEMS inclinometer and a potentiometric displacement sensor. The validation of the sensors has been performed with the reference tools in the laboratory, while the testing has been carried out with two installations of real buildings. Both the validation phase and the testing have demonstrated the reliability of the monitoring system, that can be used to replace an existing wired monitoring systems.
Larghetti, Roberto. « Model engineering for the adaptive control of energy efficient buildings and components ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242752.
Texte intégralRecently, new advances in ITC technologies discovered unforeseen scenarios that deeply influenced the original idea of smart home providing new insights that, at the end, generalised to the actual idea of smart environments. Smart environments are highly automated living spaces that are controlled through intelligent technologies that are able to optimally configure the space with respect to dynamically changing set of requirements, based on the prediction carried out by simulating models. The investigation of the impact of adaptive building technology in terms of energy saving is a relevant issue in the current smart building research scenario. It provides a vision that is definitely far away from the actual construction practice, where building control is usually operated on the basis of homeostatic short-term feed-back mechanisms, in which the technical equipment are regulated only on the basis of predetermined set points, without any attempt to include the dynamic of the natural environment and the end-user behaviour. This research perspective has definitely a broad scope. On one side it involves the development of new active building components, on the other side, the development of intelligent ICT allows the home systems to communicate with one another and with the energy grid, thereby enabling autonomous and/or remote control of the building behaviour in adaptive operating modes. Furthermore, both sides share a common redline, regarding the development of a new class of advanced physical models of both building systems and components that can be embedded in the real time adaptive building control system. This dissertation concerns the development of a model engineering process for the development of adaptive models that support the intelligent control of energy behaviors of buildings and components. The term adaptive means that the active building and components should be able to interpret the sensed data (indoor and environmental) and to forecast future states; to evolve its policies as the operating context evolves; to learn from its history and from the end-user interaction so the policies can be adapted to the evolved operating context.
PALAZZO, Francesco. « Linee guida per la redazione di Eco-Regolamenti Edilizi nella Regione Sicilia ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/90646.
Texte intégralIn view of the objectives of Horizon2020, and in the debate on the Smart Cities, the theme sustainability of the built environment is of great relevance, especially if married with the need to ensure a high quality of life and individual growth and social community, optimizing resources and common spaces. The main actor of this change is the Public Administration, which, via their own Building Regulations, need to foster the creation of intelligent buildings, introducing incentives, volumetric awards, inserting fresh objectives for energy and the environment. New housing requirements have brought about a re-thinking of recuperation methods with regard to the existing building heritage, as well as approaches to design of new structures. There needs to be an overhaul of town-planning instruments, especially Building Regulations, the updating of which have not in general responded to the demand for urban and building quality and sustainability.
BISCOTTI, ANGELO. « Monitoraggio automatico delle risorse nel construction management ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241883.
Texte intégralThe research activity presented in this thesis was conducted over three years, moving mainly within the automation and advanced organization of constructed spaces, particularly in process automation and Construction Management. The basic objective was to study and development of monitoring systems for advanced management of construction sites, with the aim to optimize the management and control of the process of building production, especially relating of the actual availability of ICT technologies . This work arises from better resource management in construction companies. The production building industry is suffering because of some operational inefficiencies that may also be related to poor development of technologies to support management processes. It is possible to identify certain requirements, both at the management level and at the level of security coordination, which can be greatly supported by the current innovations in monitoring technology. These requirements are generated by a complex operational framework, which includes functions such as monitoring the progress work, monitoring of assets and human resources, procurement of materials, inspections and administrative orders. Labor, assets and equipment, materials, capital, are all essential elements, whose efficient management is a necessary choice in an increasingly global and competitive field. The literature concerning the automatic management and cost control is very comprehensive if given to industrial enterprises operating in continuous flow, but lacking in the case of companies working on commission. The characteristic that most distinguishes the companies operating on contract or per project compared to those producing for the storage, is the high differentiation of their products, according to customers' requests. Today, it is increasingly strong need to have a productive organization organized by job or project, rather than by product. This implies that the company itself have to provide with productivity, organizational and managerial highly flexible tools. The main part of the study was aimed at the development of semi-automatic control of the process of building production, with particular emphasis on monitoring of labor resources and materials. Starting on the analysis of real cases, have been identified weaknesses in the methods and management techniques supported by traditional methodology, and proposed technological innovations designed to support the management. The objectives were several: to allow to know in real time the progress of activities and have at all times the location of resources and the history, minimize cost, time and risk of error on the monitoring of materials, communication reliably and easily accessible service orders, improve safety management. In order for the techniques and technologies proposed were especially advantageous for the company, we have developed a complete hardware and software technology with a number of features that allow its use even in a hostile environment like the construction site. In fact, the main difficulty encountered in the introduction of innovative technologies for monitoring in the construction industry is inherently linked to the particularities of the sector, where projects are unique, the processes and materials vary according to the phases of work, many materials are used for more processing, it moves in a dynamic, aggressive and dangerous site. In particular, we have analyzed: • issues relating to the introduction of a new management approach; • the strength of the technologies to the site; • the benefits and the cost; • the reliability of the new monitoring system. The proposed system can also have a use in improving the coordination of safety on construction sites. In fact it is possible to use the communication network, developed as part of the research, to control access to the site and to monitor the proper use of DPIs by the operators. The proposed methodology is highly innovative and results have been presented at major national and international conferences, receiving an award for "best paper" during the convention ISARC (International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction) 2010.
Ruffini, Sara. « Equation based modelling for the energy control of underground station systems ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243131.
Texte intégralThis thesis has been developed within the research effort of the Sustainable Energy Management for Underground Station (SEAM4US) FP7 EU project. The project objective was aimed at defining a technological and methodological framework for optimized energy management in public underground spaces, which will be applied to the dynamic control of the energy consumption in Barcelona's Passeig de Gracia subway station. The research conducted within this thesis was aimed at developing a modeling library for the optimal energy control of underground stations, which fulfills most of the SEAM4US project requirements, such as open source, integration with other software for co-simulation, expressivity, accurate energy simulation and scalability of the whole metro network level. Hence, the main outcome of this thesis developed is the SEAM4US Library and the whole-building model for the pilot case of Passeig de Gracia metro station in Barcelona. The SEAM4US library components are derived adapting existing components from open source libraries, developing new components for the missed specific physics. A second outcome concerns the model calibration methodology. The developed SEAM4US library has been validated and calibrated on the measured data. Analytical and empirical validations of the library were made, in order to achieve more accurate results. The analytical validation of the library was achieved by comparing the equations of the aerodynamics of the train and thermodynamics of the buildings within the exact solutions of the main commercial underground software, while for the empirical validation an evidence based methodology supplied with local investigations about critical parameters was made. Results are expressed in terms of ASHRAE 14 Indexes. Finally, this dissertation presents a modeling process engineering that can be used to develop MPC solution using the SEAM4US Library and also presents the four case studies taken into account in order to test the scalability of the library.
TOLVE, LUCIA CRISTINA. « Management of Unexpected Events in Emergency Scenarios ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/263498.
Texte intégralThe traditional approach to the building emergency management is based on a deterministic prevision of the main scenarios, regardless of contextual, changing and unexpected events that may happen and seriously affect the effectiveness of emergency measures. The current approach results affected by several weaknesses due to a poor and inefficient data acquisition regarding the evolving scenario and to the bottlenecks in the decision flow, deriving from a too rigid hierarchical workflow. The contribution of this dissertation lies on the development of a new methodology in the emergency management based on the principles of real-time effectiveness, resilience and unconventional problem solving. A shift from a deterministic to a contingent approach is proposed, leveraging the system’s flexibility and adaptability to changing scenarios, founded on the application of the Holonic Theory to the emergency management. This theory promotes a higher autonomy and cooperation among the actors of the lowest level of the hierarchy, as a response to a too rigid hierarchical workflow, often affected by bottlenecks in the decision flow that may result fatal in critical scenarios like the emergency ones. The research has conducted to the definition of a system architecture as support to the standard rescue operations, which improves the usual approach supplying more updated and significant information from different sources and investigating unusual solutions for rescue purposes in case of unforeseen events. It relies on the means of BIM (Building Information Modelling), as comprehensive building information provider, Bayesian Networks to make the decision flow more flexible and able to cope with uncertainties and Virtual Reality engines to collect data from heterogeneous sources and test the overall system. The bottlenecks in the process flow result considerably reduced, providing the system with a faster capability to face unexpected events, endowing it with the required resilience and adaptability.
ORGIANO, BARBARA. « La simulazione in architettura per il controllo dei consumi energetici e del territorio negli appalti pubblici (verdi) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266772.
Texte intégralGiovanardi, Alessia. « Integrated solar thermal facade component for building energy retrofit ». Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2012. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/782/1/AlessiaGiovanardi_DepositoLegale_TesiPhD.pdf.
Texte intégralMESSI, LEONARDO. « Development of a BIM-based simulator for workspace management in construction ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/295537.
Texte intégralIn the AEC industry, construction sites are very dynamic operating environments. Activities workspace demand continuously changes across space demanding and time, stressing the need to consider the space as a limited and renewable resource. This issue has not been fully handled yet, neither by traditional scheduling techniques nor by more advanced 4D tools. For these reasons, construction management teams usually carry out manually spatial considerations based on 2D sketches. This approach, especially in big construction projects, is highly time-demanding and error-prone causing, as demonstrated by statistics, injuries, and productivity slowdown. To cover these gaps, this study proposes a workspace management framework that integrates the work scheduling phase with spatial analysis, carried out by a spatial conflict simulator developed using a serious game engine. The simulator, given the BIM model and the construction work schedule, can detect eventual spatial interferences based on geometric computations and physics simulations. The detected conflicts are then judged applying Bayesian inference to filter non-critical scenarios and avoid overestimation. Afterwards, the construction management team, made aware of likely future spatial issues, can adjust or confirm the work schedule. This approach can provide a valuable contribution in detecting spatial conflicts during both the construction planning phase and works execution. In this study, the proposed spatial conflict simulator has been validated on the planning phase of a real use case, demonstrating its capability to not only detect an increased number of spatial issues, compared to the state-of-the-art tools, but also to esteem related criticality levels and avoid overestimations. In the future, the proposed approach, adapted with minor changes, can be applied at runtime for proactively refining the work schedule during works execution.
BENEDETTELLI, MARIANGELA. « Optimization of building performance via model-based predictive control ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252888.
Texte intégralModel Predictive Control (MPC) is an advanced control technique which has played an important role in the management of many processes in the industry sector. Nowadays, in the perspective of an efficient building energy management, the exploitation of this strategy is proving to be a promising solution for minimising overall energy consumptions and costs. However, investigations on the feasibility of the technique in real existing buildings are at an initial stage. Hence, the main outcome of this dissertation is the design and development of a prototype hardware and software set up for on-field testing of a model-based predictive control system, integrating a virtual predictive model of the portion of the building under investigation, the controller and the interface to the monitoring and regulation devices used. Moreover, this research is addressed to investigate the technical feasibility of the development and deployment of a typical MPC system, which includes a monitoring sub-system, a data acquisition set up and a system identification method to obtain the model for the controller by means of a grey-box modelling approach. The modelling phase and the empirical approach developed are presented in the first part of this research thesis, while the core part concerns: the development of the MPC prototype, within a virtual instrument of LabVIEW software and the description of the experimental test, which was carried out during heating season, ensuring normal building operation during the entire monitoring period. Finally, this dissertation presents the study developed in simulation environment to investigate the potential of the control logic for the evaluation of retrofitting scenarios. The focus is on the definition of the main MPC simulator components and on the results obtained by testing one of the intervention scenarios.
Santos, Calado Marianito Da Ascensao Guilherme Antonio. « Development of inorganic polymers for near-zero energy dwellings ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424884.
Texte intégralI leganti ad attivazione alcalina (nella formulazione originale inglese “alkali-activated materials”) stanno sempre più affermandosi come soluzione tecnologica sostenibile ed innovativa nella produzione di materiali da costruzione. Molti lavori esistono al riguardo, ma il livello di comprensione scientifica e di implementazione industriale di questi materiali, varia a seconda dei diversi tipi di leganti ad attivazione alcalina a cui si fa riferimento. I materiali ad attivazione alcalina più studiati sono i geopolimeri. I meccanismi e le reazioni coinvolte nella formazione di questi materiali sono ormai noti e consolidati da tempo nella comunità scientifica, così come la loro implementazione sul mercato. Un diverso sottogruppo dei materiali ad attivazione alcalina sono i polimeri inorganici (“inorganic polymers”). La loro chimica differisce dai geopolimeri in quanto non ottenuti dall’esclusiva attivazione alcalina di materiali allumino-silicatici. Gli polimeri inorganici derivano da sistemi chimicamente complessi ma sono allo stesso tempo versatili. Contrariamente ai geopolimeri infatti, i polimeri inorganici possono essere prodotti utilizzando una vasta gamma di precursori, offrendo quindi l’opportunità di valorizzare materie prime di basso costo che includono anche numerosi rifiuti e sottoprodotti industriali. Tuttavia, l’ampia varietà di questi materiali fa sì che studi ad hoc siano necessari per ogni potenziale precursore in funzione della sua composizione chimica e dell’applicazione finale prevista. La presente tesi di dottorato è finalizzata allo sviluppo di materiali da costruzione funzionalizzati e sostenibili, utili alla realizzazione di edifici ad un consumo di energia quasi zero (“near Zero Energy Building, nZEB”) e messi a punto attraverso lo studio di polimeri inorganici prodotti da rifiuti non altrimenti valorizzabili: le scorie vetrose ottenute dalla conversione termochimica di combustibili derivato da rifiuti (CDR). Caratterizzati da alti contenuti di Ca e Fe, questi residui possono essere considerati rappresentativi di un più ampio gruppo di rifiuti e sottoprodotti attualmente scarsamente utilizzabili e spesso destinati al conferimento in discarica. Obiettivo principale del presente lavoro era quello di comprendere i meccanismi delle reazione coinvolte nella formazione di polimeri inorganici ottenuti dall’attivazione alcalina di queste scorie, e di determinarne le correlazioni con le proprietà chimiche e fisico-meccaniche del prodotto finale. Attraverso l’uso di modelli statistici predittivi, sono stati sviluppati, ottimizzati ed ingegnerizzati un’ampia gamma di polimeri inorganici. I risultati sperimentali riportati nel presente lavoro riguardano innanzitutto lo sviluppo e l’ottimizzazione di mix design, in grado di massimizzare il contenuto di scoria come precursore. Altro aspetto molto importante di studio ha riguardato la riduzione dei ritiri per una migliore stabilità volumetrica di leganti e malte prodotti a partire dagli polimeri inorganici ottimizzati. Eccellenti proprietà meccaniche e buone prestazioni residue dopo l’esposizione alle alte temperature, sono fra le principali proprietà analizzate che caratterizzano le formulazioni sviluppate. Con lo scopo di ottenere un prodotto in grado di incrementare l’efficienza energetica degli edifici, un importante parte del lavoro ha riguardato la funzionalizzate del materiale sviluppato. L’ingegnerizzazione della microstruttura, per ottenere un materiale leggero e termicamente isolante, e l’aggiunta di materiali a cambiamento di fase (“Phase Change Materials, PCMs”), capaci di ridurre le fluttuazioni termiche, sono le due principali tematiche tecnologiche investigate. Tale studio ha portato alla realizzazione di panelli multistrato in grado di offrire entrambe le proprietà termiche desiderate. Attraverso l’ottimizzazione dei parametri di produzione, compatibili con i requisiti di scalaggio industriale, sono stati realizzati in laboratorio prototipi in scala naturale, che dimostrando la piena fattibilità tecnica delle soluzioni proposte. Il tema proposto e gli approfondimenti forniti in questa tesi di dottorato sono di particolare interesse per il settore delle costruzioni, sempre più attento a soluzioni innovative capaci di ridurre l’impatto sull’ambiente. La valorizzazione di scorie ricche in calcio e ferro, così come proposta nel presente lavoro, rappresenta una plausibile via di riciclo su larga scala in grado di assorbire significativi volumi di scarti. Valorizzare questi rifiuti convertendoli in materiali da costruzione che, nella loro vita utile, consentono di ridurre l’impatto energetico degli edifici, ha quindi un elevato beneficio che è sia economico che ambientale.
IDDAS, PAOLO. « Sistema integrato di riconoscimento delle attività domestiche di supporto all'autonomia abitativa degli anziani ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245360.
Texte intégralThe support to the elderly’ living autonomy is an issue of increasing relevance in recent times. Several platforms and systems have been developed, mainly in the field of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL); nevertheless, since they are partial and not homogeneous, nowadays there is still a lack of their entry into the existing solutions market. This research work is aimed at filling the gap of the current solutions, through a paradigm shift: the introduction of an operating system as fundamental approach for the interaction among building components in an innovative way, assuring the transparent resources, systems, process controls and application re-usability. The goal of this approach consists in making a building and its behavior programmable, according to the recognized scenarios, in order to let the designers focus on the solutions to the problems concerning only their own domain. Smart management of buildings involves taking decisions and acting real-time, based on the occurring situations: the scenario identification and recognition gains therefore a key role for both the applications development and the building performance evolution in accordance with the environment use models. The work has been focused on two main aspects: defining a general approach to solve the problem of the real-time scenarios recognitions, developed by the means of Bayesian networks based-models technology; defining a prototype of operating system for buildings through appropriate abstractions and services allowing developing applications detached from the specific “hardware" configuration of each building. In the regional project PASS (Private ASSisted house), it has been tested a first prototype of operating system for buildings, which integrates scenarios recognition models in near real-time. The trial has allowed assessing this approach applicability and the correlated advantages.
CECCHI, MARCO. « Sviluppo di un sistema dinamico di schermatura liquida per le vetrate degli edifici ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242966.
Texte intégralThis study concerns the research and development of a liquid-shaded dynamic glazed facade for buildings. Compared to the most popular currently used double glazing, this novel technology is made possible by the creation of an additional 1.5-mm-thick cavity, hosting a sliding shielding liquid, which flows internally, in order to adapt the window’s solar transmittance to real needs. The ability to ensure low solar transmittance in summer and to maximize solar heat gains in winter, makes this technology very competitive compared to conventional embedding solar control and low emissive panes, which have fixed solar transmittance indeed. Previous research focused on identifying the most suitable liquid mixture and the kind of glass; it also showed good performance in terms of protection from solar radiation and durability. The main objective of this research is to demonstrate the technological feasibility of the system in order to define the guidelines for a mature design, which is the first step to a future large-scale production. The design phase of the novel technology has been developed resembling the industrial process for its manufacturing, and it has led to the construction of a full size liquid-shaded window prototype. The development of the prototype has allowed, both to address and solve engineering problems related to the assembly of the components and to the necessary modifications to the frame, both to carry out operation tests and analyze production costs. Glass pane bending when subject to hydrostatic pressure of the liquid has been then assessed. Software simulations and laboratory tests have allowed to put forward a concrete solution to the problem of deformation. Finally, a benchmarking analysis has allowed to demonstrate absolutely comparable energy performances, and in some cases greater energy performances, than the most efficient glass facades on the market.
CORNELI, ALESSANDRA. « Artificial Intelligence assisted Building Digitization using Mixed Reality ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/274488.
Texte intégralFacility Management in complex buildings requires a large amount of information that can be stored in a functional building model. A functional building model is a structured representation of the building including information crucial for specific functions such as safety, refurbishment actions or operation and maintenance. Surveying this kind of data, such as technical properties of building components, is a costly process. For this reason, an advanced tool for engineering surveys is needed. Nowadays many studies still focus on capturing geometry, overlooking the fact that many recurring actions are conducted on assets inside buildings. Many systems proposed exploit highly accurate survey techniques, like laser scanning or photogrammetry, but they need long postprocessing efforts to interpret data collected. Moreover, these operations are not pursued on site leading to inaccuracies for the incorrect interpretation of data. Under these circumstances, the possibility of performing the majority of operation on-site would definitely make the process more efficient and it would reduce errors. This research proposes a system for digitization exploiting manmachine intelligence collaboration without post-processing. To this aim, Mixed Reality with its capability of interacting with real world is applied giving an environment for man-machine collaboration. The capability of Mixed Reality of overlapping digital data to the real environment makes possible checking data directly on site. For the object recognition process the system proposed in this research make use of Neural Network. YOLO (You Only Look Once) Neural Networks has been chosen for its speed and multiple detection features, ideal for real-time applications. The system has been developed and its performance evaluated for the detection of fire protection system components. First single Neural Network have been tested reaching always more than 85%of F1 factor. Then the whole embedded system proposed has been tested on site to prove its feasibility in a real-world scenario.
GIANNETTI, ILARIA. « Costruire la Scuola. Progetto e produzione in Italia dal dopoguerra agli anni '80 ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/243897.
Texte intégralLEVRA, LEVRON ANDREA. « Strumenti metodologici e tecnici per la corretta realizzazione dell'involucro energeticamente efficiente ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2502563.
Texte intégralPASCUCCI, MICHELE. « modellazione del decadimento indoor della concentrazione di co2 per la determinazione della permeabilità all’aria dell’involucro edilizio ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245535.
Texte intégralRecent decades have witnessed a growing attention to the indoor air quality issue. According to statistics, tipically indoor air quality is dramatically low due to several factors such as: the energy saving and the consequent decrease of ventilation, new building materials and new indoor pollution sources, as well as a frequent presence of cigarette smoke. Energy saving campaigns, combined with high energy prices, have pushed many people to make their homes hermetic as much as possible, reducing the air ventilation rate; it means that the quantity of outside air supplied by the infiltration through casing and fixtures is no longer sufficient to provide the necessary air exchange. Nowadays, in order to assess the minimun ventilation rate, there are several standards and guidelines, based on various parameters; however, it is still necessary a better knowledge of indoor air quality requirements rested on wellness goals, comfort and performance energy and all sources’ emission rates. This project aims at using an extended model for CO2 decay as a diagnostic tool to assess air infiltration rate in a building; an alternative method to the standard procedures, provided from the current state of the art, is suggested for an accurate building envelope classification. Such a method results to be more efficient from a logistic and economic point of view, of easy application, nevertheless able to maintain a high target accuracy.
ROSSINI, FRANCESCO. « Metodologie progettuali digitali per l’ottimizzazione, il controllo e la gestione dei processi di realizzazione dell’architettura ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1178155.
Texte intégralMINEO, Serena. « Pietre artificiali in conglomerato cementizio negli edifici storici di Palermo. Proposte di restauro con tecnologie e calcestruzzi innovativi ». Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/105685.
Texte intégralBruno, Silvana. « The implementation of automatic diagnostics and monitoring towards Diagnosis-Aided Historic Building Information Modelling and Management ». Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/161087.
Texte intégralThe technical and scientific debates agree considering the refurbishment project a challenging process that requires an efficient organization and analysis of the knowledge about the historic artefacts. It is very critical as a result of ambiguities of workflows and information exchanges, dispersion of documentation and the use of inadequate tools to reduce risks caused by these issues. The heritage organisations and professionals are more and more interested in experimenting with innovative methodologies and operative methods to deal with the uncertain context. In the last ten years, discussions and experiments have been undertaken among experts in digital representation of existing buildings about the use of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) approach, whose conceptualization dates back to the seventies. Nevertheless, this approach has implications and developments in the building, infrastructure and manufacturing domains especially in the present and in projection to the future, thanks to the evolution of the digital tools and methodologies of Industry 4.0 that improve the related methodologies. The most recent studies concern with verifying the feasibility of methods and tools for solving the critical issues inherent in the process of managing the building refurbishment project, in order to reduce the risks of errors in the assessment of the conservation status, firstly, and then in the decision about intervention strategies. The proclivity is towards the search for a holistic approach able to manage a variety of resources generating data and information and different analytic methods for knowledge consolidation, in order to understand the specificities and the complexity of the instances of built heritage. This interest has invested the academic and professional environment at international scale and it is in line with the specific needs and problems linked to the refurbishment project at national level. In practice, interest has been transformed into legal obligations as previously occurring in the English context and now in the Italian one. In effect, the CIC (Construction Industry Council) and the British Government led the program to support the formation of the actors within the construction process in the optics of implementing the government's mandate that projects in the public sector would have been managed with the BIM methodology by 2016. In Italy, the Ministerial Decree 560, 1st December 2017, implementing the Procurement Code (Legislative Decree No. 50/2016), defines the methods and timing of the transition to the BIM of the contracting authorities, administrations and economic operators, the obligatory methods and specific electronic tools. This paradigm shift also involves the refurbishment of existing buildings, prompting a more adequate configuration of the BIM approach. In this case, the reverse engineering has no longer the purpose of translating the geometric survey by photogrammetry or laser scans into 2D plants, elevations and sections, rather being a starting point for three-dimensional modelling, aspiring to move from the solid modelling to parametric objects, geometrically and semantically described. Although significant progress was made in research and development of commercial products for automating this process in presence of objects with simple primitive geometries, further investigation is still needed about architectural elements with complex morphology. In this regard, research lines are exploiting the potential of NURBS (Non Uniform Rational Basis-Splines) and meshes in order to accurately represent elements such as vaults and free-form objects, such as sculptural groups. Some studies have underlined, first of all, the need to disseminate a library of parametric objects of architectural components, continuously updated. However, it is only in the last four years that the need to fill a gap in the HBIM approach emerged, because it could be effectively used in the refurbishment process. This gap concerns the integration of methods of performance evaluation, diagnostics and monitoring within a structured system for quality control of the project, in terms of optimization of time, costs and limitation of errors in diagnosis and choice of the intervention line. Therefore, the current research began to investigate the methods for the semantic enrichment of the model during some important phases of the refurbishment process, in order to achieve the appropriate Level of Development in terms of information content, as introduced by the UNI EN 11337: 4-2017 standard in the restoration project. The doctoral studies are being directed towards investigation concerning the representation of knowledge, methods and tools for connecting the different sources of data and information (original paper documentation, geometric survey, diagnostic tests, structural and environmental monitoring sensors, etc.), with a propensity to develop systems devoted to automate diagnosis and support the choice of design, made possible by the versatility of BIM tools based on advanced information technologies (relational databases and cloud platforms, highly customizable). In this perspective, a methodological proposal DA-HBIMM (Diagnosis-aided Historic Building Information Modelling and Management) is introduced, with the aim of automating the diagnosis process by means of algorithms of reasoning, based on a solid Knowledge Base about the phenomena of degradation and failure, and supporting designers in choosing coherent interventions. The damp and crack patterns, so the degradation phenomena, are mapped in 2D and 3D views and the related database shows the semantic attributes about description of damages and building pathologies, images, potential causes, and further data and information. The model is updated through monitoring activities. This specific model, related to the building in a state of decay, can be connected to the 4D-HBIM, the temporal simulation of the transformations and interventions over time, implemented with intervention, in order to support the detection of damages connected with previous human activities. The innovation of the approach is based on the possibility of visualizing, through interrogation tools, the object in the model and its selected properties, to obtain the most efficient sharing of knowledge for all the stakeholders involved (designers, contractors, owners and potential users). In particular, the damp/crack patterns and degradation instances can be isolated and analysed in their informative contents, maintaining their topological relationships within the model. Furthermore, the repository can manage the information obtained from in situ and laboratory tests aimed at the accurate material and technical characterization of the building and its components. The originality of the DA-HBIMM method in supporting the diagnosis may allow the reduction of further damage to the structure and direct the choice of the most coherent solution for functional recovery, structural consolidation and energy retrofit. Hence, the research was planned by objectives: first, the critical review of the state of the art inherent to the existing methods and tools of BIM applied to refurbishment aimed at identifying gaps in knowledge, organizing the state of the art for typology of intervention (energy retrofitting and structural reinforcement); subsequently, the tests of some processes, identified in the literature, were performed and new methods were presented in order to overcome the gaps recognised in the current methodological approaches and to propose a methodological approach. The applications presented in the research area are diversified in order to test the flexibility of the methodology that can be configured according to the specificity of the case in question, since it is a methodology that finds applicability at international level, therefore in building contexts and infrastructures diversified by building culture, social needs and building systems. The next step is the implementation of a HBIM platform, completely dedicated to the refurbishment and management of the building for the real-time instrumental monitoring and the visualization of in-use conditions of the building. In this case, the management of existing buildings during the operation phase is fully possible, before and after refurbishment operations. In this way, reports and suggestion about mitigation activities can be provided when the thermo-hygrometric conditions do not meet the reference thresholds for occupant comfort, energy consumption must be reduce, or health and safety are at risk. The proposed methodological approach is devoted to be developed towards the automation of inferential reasoning by exploiting the potentials of computational systems, methods of Image Processing and Surface analysis in the direction of the implementation of Artificial Intelligence, promoting the transition from a file-based collaboration to a data-based type, representing a Level 3 BIM maturity and greater interoperability.
CRISTAUDO, ROSSANA. « Essays on cost overruns in infrastructure provision ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3127456.
Texte intégralAbstract This paper aims at analyzing the impact of the design phase on the performance in the realization of public works. In the literature, the design phase is largely recognized as one of the possible determinants of inefficiency in public works execution. Notwithstanding, empirical evidence on the topic remains scarce. Using a large dataset of public works awarded in Italy in the period 2008-2014, we investigate empirically the relationship between different choices made in the design phase and the performance in public works execution. Our empirical findings show that the presence of an external designer is associated with higher cost and time renegotiations. The issue is especially relevant for small municipalities that more heavily rely on external designers, possibly because of the limited expertise of their technical offices. From a public policy perspective, our findings offer some support to the recent reform of the Italian public procurement regulation that has introduced new accreditation requirements for the contracting authorities.
Abstract Cost overruns are an endemic feature of transport infrastructure provision all over the world. In the last decades, a considerable amount of studies has been devoted to assessing the magnitude and determinants of cost overruns in the transportation sector. However, empirical findings are scattered among different strands of literature, ranging from the fields of construction engineering and management to that of applied economics. To shed light on the determinants of cost overruns in the execution of transport infrastructure projects, we conduct a systematic review of the empirical literature on the topic. Of the 945 articles retrieved, 26 articles published between the years 2000 and 2016 meet our inclusion criteria. For them, we describe the different empirical approaches, provide a classification of the determinants employed in the analyses and summarise their impact on cost overruns. Finally, we discuss some directions and concerns for further research in the field.
Cavalliere, Carmine. « BIM-led LCA : Feasibility of improving Life Cycle Assessment through Building Information Modelling during the building design process ». Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/160002.
Texte intégralThe Architecture, Engineering and Construction sector is responsible for a significant proportion of the world’s environmental impact. Several tools have been developed and are now applied to calculate the sustainability level of buildings. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is widely recognized to be a suitable and holistic method to evaluate the environmental impact of the construction, maintenance, operation, and demolition stage of buildings. However, LCA is currently hindered by a number of limitations in the construction industry. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has gained attention as it provides opportunities to manage a large amount of data in a common data environment. As such, BIM makes it possible to overcome some specific issues of the LCA. Several studies have developed BIM-based LCA frameworks, and researches acknowledge the integration of LCA in BIM as a way of improving the environmental performance of buildings. The focus of the thesis is the development of a method to perform the LCA throughout all the building design process phases. Furthermore, the thesis provides a method for identifying and coding all the relevant variables involved in the LCA calculation, which can be implemented into the building information model as BIM parameters. From an analysis of the literature review, two different trends are identified. Current BIM-LCA approaches use complex models in detailed design phases, when it is late for major changes, or simplified approaches only applicable in early design stages. As such, none of them provide the way for conducting a BIM-led LCA throughout the entire building design process. Furthermore, most of the existing approaches only use BIM as storage of materials and components quantities information, without providing a way to implement all the relevant LCA data within the BIM. In this context, the thesis proposes a method for applying continuous LCA over the entire building design process by using the data from BIM with as much accuracy as possible in each design stage. The method uses different LCA databases with different levels of detail for the specific Level of Development (LOD) of the BIM elements. Since the building elements are not modelled with identical LODs in each design phase, the LCA is conducted by consistently mixing the databases, which is possible as long as the databases use identical background data. The method is tested on a multi-family house. The framework helps to provide information for decision-making throughout the whole design process, both in the early design phases and later phases with a more detailed BIM. Nevertheless, a full LCA requires further information, which is not only related to the materials and components quantities. To this end, the thesis provides a framework to map all the variables responsible for the environmental impacts, which can be employed as BIM parameters. A flow-chart is proposed in order to structure the design parameters responsible of the environmental impacts throughout the lifecycle stages of buildings. The proposed parameters, which are tested on a case study, are found to be sufficient for conducting the LCA. Hence, the identified parameters, when implemented in the BIM environment, could potentially improve the reliability and consistency of the sharing information process between the building information model and the LCA tool.