Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Hydrothermolysis »

L’entreprise PAVATEX appartenant au groupe SOPREMA, spécialisée dans la production de panneaux isolants à base de fibres de bois, souhaite étudier, dans le cadre du projet SoPRANo’TEX, l'élargissement de ses sources d'approvisionnement à d'autres essences de bois moins onéreuses. De plus, afin de participer activement au développement de la filière de valorisation des déchets issus de la filière ameublement (DEA), l'intégration de déchets bois fait partie des objectifs du projet. Ces déchets contiennent une part significative d'adjuvants, notamment de colle urée-formaldéhyde, qu'il convient d'éliminer pour rendre plus simple l’introduction de ce type de déchet en tant que matière première dans les industries de la filière bois. C'est pourquoi une étape de traitement thermique est envisagée pour les DEA, d'une part pour "dépolluer" la matière première et aussi pour conférer au matériau des propriétés particulières notamment par abaissement de son caractère hygroscopique. Les résultats attendus étant un abaissement des consommations énergétiques de l'étape de défibrage, une limitation du transfert de polluants vers les effluents gazeux et liquides de l'étape de défibrage et une amélioration des propriétés du matériau final, notamment concernant sa stabilité dimensionnelle, sa durabilité vis à vis des champignons et ses performances thermiques en conditions humides. Une seconde voie de dépollution des déchets, l’hydrothermolyse (ou cuisson à la vapeur), a été identifiée au cours de la thèse. En effet, Les résines contenues dans les DEA s’hydrolysent facilement, ce qui permet de dépolluer efficacement la matière en limitant la dégradation du bois.Le travail de thèse porte principalement sur les étapes de traitement thermique, de défibrage et d’hydrothermolyse avec pour objectifs de caractériser les effluents liquides et gazeux à chaque étape. Le but de ces travaux est également d'optimiser les conditions opératoires de ces procédés afin produire des DEA traités thermiquement, en quantités conséquentes (échelle pilote), pour ensuite élaborer des fibres adaptées à la fabrication de panneaux isolants en fibres de bois. La dernière phase du travail de thèse consiste en la fabrication et en la caractérisation des performances des panneaux isolants en fibres de bois prototypes réalisés et de déterminer l’incidence des différentes variables. Une étude technico-économique est également proposée à partir de l’état de l’art et des données expérimentales selon différents scénarios pour évaluer l’intérêt des voies proposées
The PAVATEX company, which belongs to SOPREMA group is a manufacturer of insulating wood fiber panels, is interested in expanding its supply sources to other less expensive wood species within the SoPRANo'TEX project. In addition, in order to contribute actively to the development of the furniture wood waste recycling industry, the introduction of wood waste is part of the project's goals. These wastes contain a significant part of additives, in particular urea-formaldehyde glue, which it is convenient to remove to improve the use of this type of waste as raw material in the timber industry.This is why a thermal treatment stage is envisaged for the wood wastes, on the one hand to " clean " the matter and also to confer to the wood some specific properties by reducing its hygroscopic character. The outcomes expected are a reduction of the energy consumption of the defibration stage, a limitation of the transfer of pollutants to the gaseous and liquid effluents of the defibering stage and an improvement of the final material properties, in particular concerning its dimensional stability, its durability against fungi and its thermal performances in wet conditions. A second way of waste depollution, hydrothermolysis (or steam cooking), has been identified during the thesis. Indeed, the resins contained in the DEA are easily hydrolyzed, which allows to decontaminate efficiently the material while limiting the degradation of the wood.The thesis focuses on the thermal treatment, defibering and hydrothermolysis processes with the objective of analyzing the liquid and gaseous effluents for each process. The aim of this work is also to optimize the operating conditions of these processes in order to produce thermally treated wood wastes, in large quantities (pilot scale), in order to elaborate fibers adapted to the manufacture of wood fiber insulating panels. The last phase of the thesis work consists in the manufacturing and in the performance characterization of panels prototypes manufactured and to determine the impact of various parameters. A technico-economic study is also proposed from the state of the art and experimental data according to the proposed scenarios to evaluate the interest of these ways

1.ASTM D1655-11b. Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels. 2.Яковлева А.В., Бойченко С.В.: Потенциал использования биотоплив на основе растительных масел в авиации. Охрана окружающей среды и природопользование. № 2, 2013, c. 18–27. 3.Maniatis, K. EU Transport & Renewable Energy policies: The role of Advanced Biofuels in Decarbonising Transport. EU-India Conference on Advanced Biofuels, 6-8 March 2018, New Delhi. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/content/conference-presentati.
Alternative aviation fuels (AAF) have the potential to make a major contribution to achieving the environmental sustainability, energy security and economic stability of global aviation. In the long run, reducing CO2 emissions from alternative fuels compared to conventional fuels can have a very beneficial effect on ICAO's climate change challenges. The characteristics of aviation fuels also allow to reduce emissions, which has a significant negative impact on local air quality
Альтернативні авіаційні палива мають потенціал для того, щоб зробити головний внесок у додягнення екологічної стійкості, енергобезпечності і економічної стабільності світової авіації. У довгостроковій перспективі, зниження викидів CO2 від використання альтернативних палив у порівнянні з традиційними паливами може мати дуже суттєвий ефект на виклики, які стоять перед ICAO у сфері змін клімату. Властивості альтернативних палив також дозволяють знизити виклики, які мають суттєвий негативний вплив на якість повітря.

Much of current interest in aviation biofuels centers on trying to curb emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) [1]. The problem is that the alternative aviation fuels which have been developed so far are not economically viable without policy supports and are underwhelming in regards to their environmental sustainability. The objective of this research is to identify biofuel pathways that perform better economically and environmentally than those which have been developed thus far. This paper will pursue this objective by examining the economic performance of a CH pathway fed by field pennycress under a number of possible scenarios.

We conduct a stochastic discounted cash flow techno-economic analysis (TEA) of a plant designed to use catalytic hydrothermolysis (CH) technology to produce renewable diesel fuel, renewable jet fuel, and renewable naphtha from pennycress seed oil on a “greenfield” site under sixteen different scenarios defined by plant location, stage of commercialization, choice of fuel product slate, and policy environment. We combine process parameters such as conversion efficiencies, heat and water requirements, and capital costs for our model plant with stochastic projections of key input and output prices in order to model the distribution of possible financial outcomes for the plant over a twenty-year productive life. Our work follows McGarvey and Tyner (2018) in many respects, but uses updated process parameters from Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA), connects with economic analyses of the potential pennycress oil supply chain, and includes novel approaches to modeling key policies (US Renewable Fuel Standard, California Low Carbon Fuel Standard, and US Biodiesel Blender Tax Credit) and price series (US No. 2 diesel fuel, soybean oil, and dried distiller’s grains with solubles) [2]. Our output metrics include distributions of Net Present Values (NPVs), Probabilities of Loss (POLs), and distributions of Breakeven Prices (BEPs) for key inputs and outputs.

Our results show that aviation biofuels production at a greenfield CH plant fed by pennycress seed oil is not economic under current market and policy conditions. Our breakeven metrics for a renewable jet fuel policy incentive, crude oil prices, and the input cost of pennycress oil indicate this could change if one of the following were to occur:

· A crude oil price increase of at least 31-52%

· A jet fuel price increase of at least 11-26%

· A pennycress oil price discount of 2-6% from soybean oil prices

· Some combination of the above

These findings are heavily influenced by current policy design.