Articles de revues : « Hybrid AUV/ROV »

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Bond, Todd, Jane Prince, Dianne L. McLean et Julian C. Partridge. « Comparing the Utility of Industry ROV and Hybrid-AUV Imagery for Surveys of Fish Along a Subsea Pipeline ». Marine Technology Society Journal 54, n^o 3 (1 mai 2020) : 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.3.5.

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AbstractIn recent years, video footage obtained from routine industry surveys using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) has been used to assess fish assemblages associated with offshore oil and gas infrastructure. However, as industry moves towards using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), it is important to understand how such a change may affect assessments of fish assemblages and whether these data collected from AUVs can be directly compared to those collected from historic and future ROV footage. In an extremely rare opportunity, we compare fish assemblages surveyed by an industrial ROV and an industrial hybrid-AUV (H-AUV) along the same 2,060-m section of subsea pipeline, at the same time of day, within 1 day of each other. A total of 206 transects, each 20 m in length, were analyzed, recording 406 fish from 10 species. The H-AUV recorded all 10 fish species, while the ROV recorded seven. Mean species richness was ~4% higher for H-AUV, and mean abundance was ~21% higher for ROV; these differences can be considered negligible. Multivariate analysis revealed nonsignificant differences in species composition between survey methods. This result suggests that future surveys of fish at this pipeline using a similar H-AUV can yield comparable results to ROV and, as such, facilitate comparison to historical ROV imagery. Future surveys of pipelines with AUV should consider adding extra lighting and high-definition cameras onto booms similar to those operating on ROVs, which will provide a useful field of view into pipeline spans and make it easier to identify fish. Our study provides insight into the utility and comparability of industry ROV and AUV pipeline inspection footage for the assessment of fish assemblages associated with subsea pipelines, which is used to inform policies and practices on the installation and decommissioning of subsea infrastructure.

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Матвиенко, Ю. В., В. В. Костенко, А. Ф. Щербатюк et А. В. Ремезков. « DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES ». Podvodnye issledovaniia i robototehnika, n^o 4(34) (24 janvier 2020) : 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/24094609.2020.34.4.001.

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Перспективы создания подводных роботов – автономных и телеуправляемых необитаемых подводных аппаратов (АНПА, ТНПА) нового поколения связаны с разработкой технологий гибридных необитаемых подводных аппаратов (ГНПА), в которых интегрированы функции АНПА и ТНПА. Проблема состоит в значительном расширении технологических возможностей АНПА за счет оснащения их новыми инструментами, совершенствования систем бортового управления, вовлечения оператора в технологический процесс для оперативного контроля хода работ, порядка и условий выполнения принципиально новых технологических операций. ГНПА может выполнять широкий спектр бесконтактных работ, выходить к объекту обследования в соответствии с заданной программой, выполнять действия, связанные с формированием канала информационного обмена с постом управления, и далее выполнять контактные операции в супервизорном режиме. Первоочередные задачи создания гибридных аппаратов состоят в развитии функциональных свойств АНПА, включая: интеллектуализацию системы бортового управления, организацию супервизорного управления с включением оператора в процесс управления, расширение инструментального оснащения и оптимизацию конструктивных решений, организацию сетевых средств подводной навигации, организацию инфраструктуры подводного базирования аппарата при выполнении длительных работ по обслуживанию подводных добычных комплексов. В работе показана принципиальная возможность создания ГНПА на основе робототехнических комплексов и их систем, созданных в ИПМТ ДВО РАН за последние годы. Prospects of designing autonomous and remotely operated underwater vehicles (AUV and ROV) of the new generation rely on developing hybrid autonomous and remotely-operated vehicles (ARV), which combine functions of AUV and ROV. It is necessary to expanse significantly AUV's technological capabilities by equipping it with new instruments, upgrading onboard control systems, involving operators in the technological process for real-time control of work progress, and execution order and conditions of novel technological operations. ARV is capable of performing a wide specter of contactless operations: approach the target of research according to the stated program, perform operations related to establishing a data exchange channel with control station, and then carry out contact operation in supervisory mode. Priority tasks of hybrid vehicles designing consist of the development of AUV's functional properties, including: intellectualization of onboard control systems; provision of supervisory control involving an operator in control flow; expansion of instrumentation and optimization of structural solutions; providing a network means for underwater navigation; providing an infrastructure for underwater deployment while carrying out long-term missions on the maintenance of underwater mining complexes. Work demonstrates a principal achievability of designing an ARV based on robotic complexes and their systems developed in the IMTP FEB RAS for the past years.

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Bowen, Andrew D., Dana R. Yoerger, Louis L. Whitcomb et Daniel J. Fornari. « Exploring the Deepest Depths : Preliminary Design of a Novel Light-Tethered Hybrid ROV for Global Science in Extreme Environments ». Marine Technology Society Journal 38, n^o 2 (1 juin 2004) : 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533204787522776.

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This paper describes a new project to build an operational underwater vehicle that can perform scientific survey and sampling to the full depth of the ocean (11,000 meters). The vehicle, called a hybrid remotely operated vehicle (HROV), will operate in two different modes. For broad area survey, the vehicle will operate untethered as a autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) capable of exploring and mapping the seafloor with sonars and cameras. After targets of interest have been found, the vehicle will be converted at-sea to become a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) that will enable close up imaging and sampling. The ROV configuration will incorporate a lightweight fiber optic tether to the surface for high bandwidth real-time video and data telemetry to the surface to enable high-quality teleoperation, additional cameras and lights, a manipulator arm, and sampling gear. This paper outlines the scientific motivation for the project as well as the feasibility of our design concept. Analysis of the fiber optic cable shows our approach to be practical even with fairly extreme current profiles. An overall approach to the vehicle design is also presented, including options for pressure housings and buoyancy materials.

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Wang, Biao, Chao Wu et Tong Ge. « Self-Repairing Control System for a Hybrid Underwater Vehicle ». Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (octobre 2013) : 1256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1256.

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A novel remotely operated underwater vehicle-a hybrid remotely operated underwater vehicle (HROV) capable of working to the full ocean depth has been developed. The battery powered vehicle operates in two modes. For broad-area survey, the vehicle can operate as an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) capable of mapping the sea floor with sonars and cameras. For close up imaging and sampling, the vehicle can operate as a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) employing a optic fiber tether for real-time telemetry of data and video to its operators on a surface ship. In order for the vehicle to achieve a certain survivability and reliability level, a self-repairing control system (SRCS) has been designed. This paper presents the two basic technologies in SRCS: fault diagnosis and isolation (FDI) and reconfigurable control. For FDI, a model-based hierarchical fault diagnosis system is designed for the HROV. Then, control strategies which reconfigure the control system at intervals according to information from the FDI system are presented. Combining the two technologies, we obtained the fundamental frame of SRCS for the HROV.

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Carpenter, Chris. « Underwater Drones Promote Sustainability of Offshore Natural Resources Exploitation ». Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, n^o 08 (1 août 2023) : 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0823-0070-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 32481, “How Underwater Drones Can Promote the Environmental Sustainability of Offshore Natural Resources Exploitation,” by Giovanni Massari, Cristina Marras, SPE, and Francesco Cavallini, Saipem. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ The goal of the complete paper is to offer an overview of underwater intervention/inspection drones (UIDs) and provide the necessary elements to take full advantage of this technology, supporting environmental sustainability of future offshore projects and activities. The investigation provided in the complete paper explores conventional applications for oil and gas and extends to future energy, mining, and CO2 capture and storage projects. UID Technology Subsea robotics is rapidly evolving from conventional remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to services delivered by a new generation of vehicles with hybrid capabilities. UIDs present distinct advantages and technical challenges, including the following: - UIDs are battery-powered robotic solutions capable of interchanging data through water communication modems (acoustic or optical). - UIDs have hybrid AUV and ROV capabilities; as an ROV, they can be operated by a pilot using a remotely controlled console that also can be located onshore, while, as an AUV, they can execute complex tasks or missions automatically. - Underwater drones can efficiently and safely operate in total darkness, with poor or no communication links. For this reason, UIDs typically are provided with an advanced set of sensors (sonar, cameras, and lasers) capable of providing information about the vehicle’s orientation, altitude, depth, and the absolute or relative position. - UIDs can be deployed from a topside offshore facility, launched from shore, or deployed inside a subsea garage. Although these descriptions underline some of the technical challenges related to UIDs that require additional steps to achieve full maturity, the use of UIDs nevertheless clearly presents advantages that are almost independent from the application scenarios, including reduced operational risks, intervention time, CO2 emissions, and cost. Environmental Sustainability of Offshore Projects The notion of environmental sustainability embodies maintaining an ecological balance in the natural environment for the benefit of current and future generations; promoting responsible and respectful management of natural resources; avoiding their depletion and the degradation of the environment; and extending the concept to encompass social, human, and economic considerations. Robotic subsea technology offers pivotal assistance in accessing critical information so that all stakeholders can execute and operate offshore projects responsibly, satisfying essential projects’ commercial, environmental, and social criteria. The authors write that, while offshore companies and technology suppliers have already jointly explored the introduction of UIDs within conventional integrity-management campaigns of oil and gas fields, confirming the benefits of this choice for derisking and cost efficiency, a deep analysis on how UIDs can be used to boost environmental sustainability of complex offshore projects is still missing. Their work investigates relevant examples in this domain.

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Coronado, Eugenio. « (Invited) Smart Molecular/2D Heterostructures ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n^o 11 (28 août 2023) : 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01111238mtgabs.

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Graphene and other 2D materials are almost exclusively based on inorganic lattices. Except for the chemical functionalization of the surface of the 2D material, molecules have been scarcely considered in this area. Here I propose to create hybrid heterostructures by interfacing stimuli-responsive molecular systems with graphene and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS2 and WSe2). The aim is that of tuning the properties of the “all surface” 2D material via an active control of the hybrid interface. This concept will provide an entire new class of smart molecular/2D heterostructures, which may be at the origin of a novel generation of hybrid materials and devices of direct application in highly topical fields like electronics, spintronics and energy storage. As smart-molecular systems I will choose magnetic spin-crossover materials able to switch between two spin states upon the application of an external stimulus (temperature, light or pressure) [2]. This spin transition is always accompanied by a significant change of volume in the material (by ca. 10%), so it can generate strain in its surroundings. I will show that in these heterostructures the electronic properties of graphene and the optical photoluminescence of monolayers of semiconducting metal dichalcogenides can be switched by light or by varying the temperature due to the strain concomitant to the spin transition [3, 4]. References [1] J. Lopez-Cabrelles et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 18502-18510 (2021). [2] E. Coronado, Nature Rev. Mater. 5 87-104 (2020). [3] R. Torres-Cavanillas et al. Nature Chem. 13 1101-1109 (2021). [4] C. Boix-Constant et al. Adv. Mater. 34 2110027 (2022).

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Jethwa, Rajesh B., Angelina Castro-Trujillo, Julia Valentin, Lakshman V. Kilari, Fernando Solorio-Soto, Stefan Stadlbauer et Stefan A. Freunberger. « Organic Bulk Liquid Redox Active Materials for Redox Flow Batteries ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n^o 4 (22 décembre 2023) : 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024534mtgabs.

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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one potential solution to grid-level electrical energy storage (EES) benefiting from a decoupled power and capacity scaling.1–3 High durability, long-calendar life, high efficiency EES with a low cost and fast response time is needed1,4 for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources.3 However, the low energy density3,5,6 and high capital costs5,6 of current systems preclude wide-scale deployment of this technology. In recent years, several new RFB chemistries have been explored to address these concerns.1,2,7 However, a high solubility for a high volumetric energy density remains a troublesome target.1 It is, therefore, no surprise that one growing trend in this regard is the design of redox active liquids (RALs).8–13 RALs provide a means of dramatically increasing the volumetric energy density of RFBs through either miscibility with typical supporting electrolytes, or by acting as both solvent and electrolyte themselves.9,12 In this work, we investigate a series of RALs that offer a similar theoretical energy density to conventional intercalation materials. A combination of computational and experimental techniques was employed herein for both molecular design and explanation of the physio-chemical phenomena. The candidate compounds were initially screened via electrochemical techniques to identify their electrochemical reversibility and stability. Exploration of the bulk properties was then carried out before system-level characterisation was undertaken. In tandem, the electrochemical and chemical stability of the samples was also investigated through the typical routes (NMR, EPR, UV-Vis). These systems show much promise for organic, tuneable electrical energy storage. Cao, J., Tian, J., Xu, J. & Wang, Y. Organic Flow Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives. Energy and Fuels 34, 13384–13411 (2020). Ding, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y. & Yu, G. Molecular engineering of organic electroactive materials for redox flow batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 69–103 (2018). Alotto, P., Guarnieri, M. & Moro, F. Redox flow batteries for the storage of renewable energy: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 29, 325–335 (2014). Weber, A. Z. et al. Redox flow batteries: A review. J. Appl. Electrochem. 41, 1137–1164 (2011). Potash, R. A., McKone, J. R., Conte, S. & Abruña, H. D. On the Benefits of a Symmetric Redox Flow Battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 163, A338–A344 (2016). Wang, W. et al. Recent progress in redox flow battery research and development. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 970–986 (2013). Li, Z., Jiang, T., Ali, M., Wu, C. & Chen, W. Recent Progress in Organic Species for Redox Flow Batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 50, 105–138 (2022). Shimizu, A. et al. Liquid Quinones for Solvent-Free Redox Flow Batteries. Adv. Mater. 29, 1606592 (2017). Robertson, L., Udin, M. A., Shlrob, I. A., Moore, J. S. & Zhang, L. Liquid Redoxmers for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries. ChemSusChem e202300043 (2023) doi:10.1002/cssc.202300043. Chen, N., Chen, D., Wu, J., Lai, Y. & Chen, D. Polyethylene glycol modified tetrathiafulvalene for high energy density non-aqueous catholyte of hybrid redox flow batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 462, 141996 (2023). Smith, L. O. & Crittenden, D. L. Acid‐Base Chemistry Provides a Simple and Cost‐Effective Route to New Redox‐Active Ionic Liquids. Chem. – An Asian J. 18, e202201296 (2023). Zhao, Y. et al. TEMPO allegro: liquid catholyte redoxmers for nonaqueous redox flow batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 9, 16769–16775 (2021). Huang, J. et al. Liquid Catholyte Molecules for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1401782 (2015).

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Jethwa, Rajesh, Dominic Hey, Rachel Kerber, Dominic S. Wright et Clare P. Grey. « An Exploration of Nitrogen-Rich Fused Heteroaromatic Quinones for Redox Flow Battery Applications ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n^o 48 (7 juillet 2022) : 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01482013mtgabs.

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The growing need to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources will require innovative development of grid-level electrochemical energy storage.1 Suitable grid-level storage must provide a high cycle number durability, long calendar life, high efficiency, low cost and fast response time.2–4 Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one potential solution boasting a decoupled power and capacity scaling.1,4,5 However, the low energy density1,6,7 and high capital costs6,7 of current systems preclude wide-scale deployment of this technology. Increasing energy density can be achieved in various ways: expanding the voltage window or by minimising the mass and/or volume per electron transferred.8 These offer potential strategies for electrolyte exploration but the challenge is to minimise the cost while providing as much electrical energy storage as possible. Current electrolyte systems for RFBs rely on a variety of metal-based systems (vanadium,9 iron,10 chromium10)1,11 and a range of organic molecules (nitroxide radicals,12 phenazines,12–14 viologens,15 and quinones16–18).4,5 Quinones offer fast kinetics, high tunability and low cost.5 Of these, higher order quinones offer increased chemical and electrochemical stability.5 In this work, an exploration of nitrogen-rich fused heteroaromatic quinones was carried out to investigate new avenues for electrolyte development. The electrolytes were screened using electrochemical techniques and the most promising candidate was tested in a lab-scale flow battery as an anolyte under aqueous conditions. Sitting at -0.7 V(SHE), a capacity fade rate of 0.004%.cycle-1 was found in symmetric cycling. In situ UV-Vis, NMR19,20 and EPR19 spectroscopy were used to investigate the electrochemical stability and nature of the charged species involved during operation, complemented by density functional theory modelling. These studies indicate that fused systems of this type may be promising candidates for aqueous RFBs. Alotto, P., Guarnieri, M. & Moro, F. Redox flow batteries for the storage of renewable energy: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 29, 325–335 (2014). Weber, A. Z. et al. Redox flow batteries: A review. J. Appl. Electrochem. 41, 1137–1164 (2011). Gyuk, I. et al. Grid Energy Storage. (2013). Cao, J., Tian, J., Xu, J. & Wang, Y. Organic Flow Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives. Energy and Fuels 34, 13384–13411 (2020). Ding, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y. & Yu, G. Molecular engineering of organic electroactive materials for redox flow batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 69–103 (2018). Potash, R. A., McKone, J. R., Conte, S. & Abruña, H. D. On the Benefits of a Symmetric Redox Flow Battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 163, A338–A344 (2016). Wang, W. et al. Recent progress in redox flow battery research and development. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 970–986 (2013). Armand, M. & Tarascon, J. M. Building better batteries. Nature 451, 652–657 (2008). Ulaganathan, M. et al. Recent Advancements in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 3, (2016). Sun, C. & Zhang, H. A review of the development of the first‐generation redox flow battery : iron chromium system. ChemSusChem (2021). doi:10.1002/CSSC.202101798 Noack, J., Roznyatovskaya, N., Herr, T. & Fischer, P. The Chemistry of Redox-Flow Batteries. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 54, 9776–9809 (2015). Winsberg, J. et al. Aqueous 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl Catholytes for a High-Capacity and High Current Density Oxygen-Insensitive Hybrid-Flow Battery. ACS Energy Lett. 2, 411–416 (2017). Kwon, G. et al. Multi-redox Molecule for High-Energy Redox Flow Batteries. Joule 2, 1771–1782 (2018). Romadina, E. I., Komarov, D. S., Stevenson, K. J. & Troshin, P. A. New phenazine based anolyte material for high voltage organic redox flow batteries. Chem. Commun. 57, 2986–2989 (2021). Hu, S. et al. Phenylene-Bridged Bispyridinium with High Capacity and Stability for Aqueous Flow Batteries. Adv. Mater. 33, 2005839 (2021). Suo, L. et al. Advanced High-Voltage Aqueous Lithium-Ion Battery Enabled by “Water-in-Bisalt” Electrolyte. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 55, 7136–7141 (2016). Shimizu, A. et al. Liquid Quinones for Solvent-Free Redox Flow Batteries. Adv. Mater. 29, 1606592 (2017). Yang, Z. et al. Alkaline Benzoquinone Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Storage of Electrical Energy. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1702056 (2018). Zhao, E. W. et al. Coupled in Situ NMR and EPR Studies Reveal the Electron Transfer Rate and Electrolyte Decomposition in Redox Flow Batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 1885–1895 (2021). Zhao, E. W. et al. In situ NMR metrology reveals reaction mechanisms in redox flow batteries. Nature 579, 224–228 (2020). Figure 1

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Barawi Moran, Mariam, Elena Alfonso, Sandra Palenzuela, Miguel García-Tecedor, Ignacio J. Villar-Garcia, Freddy Oropeza, Marta Liras et Victor A. de la Peña O'Shea. « New Insights and Strategies for the Efficient Use of Conjugated Porous Polymers in Photoelectrochemical Solar Fuel Production ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n^o 47 (22 décembre 2023) : 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02472368mtgabs.

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Solar energy conversion into fuels such as hydrogen through photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells is an attractive way to solve the problems present in the actual energetic system. (1) Despite the advances that have been made in this line, it is still necessary to develop new materials and cell configurations to take this technology to a higher scientific level. The application of organic polymers in PEC is a hot topic that continues to grow due to the promising optoelectronic properties of this class of semiconductors. Conjugated polymers exhibit advanced properties because of it particular conjugation that confers it a huge conductivity through the whole structure. (2) In particular, Conjugate Porous Polymers (CPP) offers a higher photostability and robustness that is fundamental for long term application, but their synthesis often leads to a large-particle powder, unsuitable for preparing thin films, key to preparing high-quality thin films, limiting its applicability in PEC.(3) In this work, we present two innovative strategies that allow the efficient use of these materials in photoelectrochemical cells. The first consists of a synthetic route through mini or ultra-mini emulsion synthesis that provides particles from 500 nm to 20 nm, adequate for thin film preparation. The second consists in the design of suitable monomers to be electropolymerised, obtaining high quality thin films and highly controlled thickness. These strategies allow the complete characterization of the optoelectronic properties of the CPPs, since the thin films obtained are of high quality and stable over time. In this way, several polymers have been prepared and the electronic structure was determined by a combination different techniques such as XPS, electrochemistry and UV-VIS spectroscopy, revealing the suitability to be used as photoelectrodes. The photoelectrochemical properties were analyses by means of linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and Photopotential measurements suggesting its potentiality for solar energy conversion. In addition, attending o the conductivity type and electronic properties, both photoelectrodes and tandem cells have been designed by combining them with different materials such as TiO2. The formed hybrid photoelectrodes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDX and AFM. A series of photoelectrochemical measurements have been performed in a three electrode cell configuration, using the hybrid materials as working electrodes. (4) Hybrid photoelectrodes present improved photovoltages and photocurrents compared to TiO2 and CPP alone, confirming adequate light absorption and charge transfer between them. Besides, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was performed to confirm the improved charge transfer observed when illuminating the hybrid photoelectrodes. Furthermore, the designed tandem cells were connected to a gas chromatograph and the hydrogen evolution was confirmed and quantified. Keywords: Photoelectrochemistry, Solar fuels, Organic materials, Conjugate Porous Polymers, References M. Grätzel, Photoelectrochemical cells. Nature. 414, 338–344 (2001). M. Liras, M. Barawi, V. A. de la P. O’Shea. Chem. Soc. Rev. 48, 5454–5487 (2019). M. Barawi, L. Collado, M. Gomez-Mendoza, F. E. Oropeza, M. Liras, V. A. de la P. O’Shea, C. Adv. Energy Mater. 18, 2101530 (2021). M. Barawi, E. Alfonso-González, C.G. López-Calixto, A. García, A. García-Sánchez, I. J. Villar-García, M. Liras, V.A. de la Peña O'Shea. Small, 18, 37. 2201351 (2022). Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Spanish national project NovaCO2 (PID2020-118593RB-C22) and ERC POC (NanoCPP). M.B thanks the Juan de la Cierva Incorporación grant (IJC2019 – 042430 –I).

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Kajkowska, Marta, Miłosz Chychłowski et Piotr Lesiak. « Influence of photopolymerization on propagation properties of photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with liquid crystal mixture ». Photonics Letters of Poland 14, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2022) : 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i3.1166.

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In this paper we analyze the influence of the photopolymerization process on propagation properties of photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with liquid crystal doped with a mixture of reactive monomer and photoinitiator. The obtained results showed changes in photonic band gap of the fiber due to refractive index change of the liquid crystal mixture caused by the polymerization process. Moreover, the research demonstrated the possibility of preserving the desired molecular orientation of liquid crystal initially stabilized by placing the sample in the external electric field. This was achieved by simultaneously irradiating the sample and controlling the orientation of liquid crystal molecules with the electric field. The spectral analysis of the polymerized sample showed no visible difference in propagation spectra when the electric field was turned off after the process was finished. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. Yin et al., "Advanced liquid crystal devices for augmented reality and virtual reality displays: principles and applications", Light Sci Appl. 11, 161 (2022). CrossRef S. Singh, "Phase transitions in liquid crystals", Phys. Rep. 324, 107 (2000). CrossRef N. Tarjányi, M. Veveričík, D. Káčik, M. Timko, P. Kopčanský, "Birefringence dispersion of 6CHBT liquid crystal determined in VIS-NIR spectral range", Appl. Surf. Sci. 542, 148525 (2021). CrossRef R. Dąbrowski, P. Kula, J. Herman, "High Birefringence Liquid Crystals", Crystals 3, 443 (2013). CrossRef R. H. Self, C. P. Please, T. J. Sluckin, "Deformation of nematic liquid crystals in an electric field", Eur. J. Appl. Math. 13, 1 (2002). CrossRef T. Hegmann, H. Qi, V. M. Marx, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Defect Formation and Potential Applications", J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 17, 483 (2007). CrossRef S. Kaur, S. P. Singh, A. M. Biradar, A. Choudhary, K. Sreenivas, "Enhanced electro-optical properties in gold nanoparticles doped ferroelectric liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023120 (2007). CrossRef I. Dierking, "Polymer Network–Stabilized Liquid Crystals", Adv. Mater. 12, 167 (2000). CrossRef D. C. Hoekstra et al., "Wavelength-Selective Photopolymerization of Hybrid Acrylate-Oxetane Liquid Crystals", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 10935 (2021). CrossRef Z. Ge, S. Gauza, M. Jiao, H. Xianyu, S.-T. Wu, "Electro-optics of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal displays", Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 101104 (2009). CrossRef M. S. Chychłowski et al., "Locally-induced permanent birefringence by polymer-stabilization of liquid crystal in cells and photonic crystal fibers", Opto-electron. Rev. 26, 242 (2018). CrossRef R. Dąbrowski, J. Dziaduszek, T. Szczuciński, "Mesomorphic Characteristics of Some New Homologous Series with the Isothiocyanato Terminal Group", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 124, 241 (1985). CrossRef

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Joshi, Pankaj, Oliver Willekens, Xiaobing Shang, Jelle De Smet, Dieter Cuypers, Geert Van Steenberge, Jeroen Beeckman, Kristiaan Neyts et Herbert De Smet. « Tunable light beam steering device using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals ». Photonics Letters of Poland 9, n^o 1 (31 mars 2017) : 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.704.

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A polarization independent and fast electrically switchable beam steering device is presented, based on a surface relief grating combined with polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals. Switching on and off times are both less than 2 milliseconds. The prospects of further improvements are discussed. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.C. Wright, et al., "Crystalline liquids: the blue phases", Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 385 (1989). CrossRef H. Kikuchi, et al., "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases", Nat. Mater. 1, 64 (2002). CrossRef Samsung, Korea, SID exhibition, (2008).J. Yan, et al., "Direct measurement of electric-field-induced birefringence in a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal composite", Opt. Express 18, 11450 (2010). CrossRef L. Rao, et al., "A large Kerr constant polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal", Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 081109 (2011). CrossRef Y. Hisakado, et al., "Large Electro-optic Kerr Effect in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phases", Adv. Mater. 17, 96 (2005). CrossRef K. M. et al., "Submillisecond Gray-Level Response Time of a Polymer-Stabilized Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal", J. Disp. Technol. 6, 49 (2010). CrossRef Y. Chen, et al., "Level set based topology optimization for optical cloaks", Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 251106 (2013). CrossRef H. Choi, et al., "Fast electro-optic switching in liquid crystal blue phase II", Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 131905 (2011). CrossRef Y.H. Chen, et al., "Polarization independent Fabry-Pérot filter based on polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals with fast response time", Opt. Express 19, 25441 (2011). CrossRef Y. Li, et al., "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19, 8045 (2011). CrossRef C.T. Lee, et al., "Design of polarization-insensitive multi-electrode GRIN lens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19, 17402 (2011). CrossRef Y.T. Lin, et al., "Mid-infrared absorptance of silicon hyperdoped with chalcogen via fs-laser irradiation", J. Appl. Phys. 113, (2013). CrossRef J.D. Lin, et al., "Spatially tunable photonic bandgap of wide spectral range and lasing emission based on a blue phase wedge cell", Optics Express 22, 29479 (2014). CrossRef W. Cao, et al., "Lasing in a three-dimensional photonic crystal of the liquid crystal blue phase II", Nat. Mat. 1, 111 (2002). CrossRef S.T. Hur, et al., "Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phase Laser with Widely Tunable Wavelength", Adv. Mater. 25, 3002 (2013). CrossRef A. Mazzulla, et al., "Thermal and electrical laser tuning in liquid crystal blue phase I", Soft. Mater. 8, 4882 (2012). CrossRef C.W. Chen, et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978 (2012). CrossRef O. Willekens, et al., "Ferroelectric thin films with liquid crystal for gradient index applications", Opt. Exp. 24, 8088 (2016). CrossRef O. Willekens, et al., "Reflective liquid crystal hybrid beam-steerer", Opt. Exp. 24, 1541 (2016). CrossRef M. Jazbinšek, et al., "Characterization of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal transmission gratings", J. Appl. Phys. 90, 3831 (2001). CrossRef C.C. Bowley, et al., "Variable-wavelength switchable Bragg gratings formed in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 9 (2001). CrossRef Y.Q. Lu, et al., "Polarization switch using thick holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal grating", Appl. Phys. 95, 810 (2004). CrossRef J.J. Butler et al., "Diffraction properties of highly birefringent liquid-crystal composite gratings", Opt. Lett. 25, 420 (2000). CrossRef R.L. Sutherland et al., "Electrically switchable volume gratings in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1074 (1994). CrossRef X. Shang, et al., "Electrically Controllable Liquid Crystal Component for Efficient Light Steering", IEEE Photo. J. 7, 1 (2015). CrossRef J. Yan, et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef H.S. Chen, et al., "Hysteresis-free polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals using thermal recycles", Opt. Mat. Exp. 2, 1149 (2012). CrossRef J. Yan. et al., "Dual-period tunable phase grating using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystal", Opt. Lett. 40, 4520 (2015). CrossRef H.S. Chen, et al., "Hysteresis-free polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals using thermal recycles", Opt. Mat. Exp. 2, 1149 (2012). CrossRef H.C. Cheng, et al., "Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching", J. Disp. Technol. 8, 98 (2012). CrossRef

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Pham, Quoc-Thai, Badril Azhar et Chorng-Shyan Chern. « Novel Acrylonitrile-Based Polymers for Solid–State Polymer Electrolyte and Solid-State Lithium Ion Battery ». ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n^o 2 (7 juillet 2022) : 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012160mtgabs.

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Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) involving lithium metal oxides, liquid electrolyte and graphite have been widely used in portable electronic devices due to their relatively high energy density and long cycle life. These desirable features make LIBs very attractive as the power source for electronic devices, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) applications [1, 2]. For future EV applications, higher energy density of LIBs up to 360 Wh kg-1 is required. Currently, the energy density of the state-of-the-art LIBs using conventional graphite anode, LiFePO4 (denoted as LFP) or LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathodes and 1-1.2 M LiPF6 in organic carbonate electrolytes provide practically achievable energy densities of up to around 200-260 Wh kg−1 [3]. When commercial graphite anodes are used, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) and LiNiPO4 (LNP) cathode based batteries with high-voltage provide energy densities of 354, 338, 351 and 414 Wh kg-1, respectively. However, LIBs using these high-voltage cathode materials and the organic carbonate electrolytes exhibit quite low thermal stability and tend to catch fire or even explode when abnormal charge/discharge cycling or accidental penetration of cells occurs, which greatly limits the automotive applications. When replacing graphite with a Li metal anode, the energy densities of all battery systems can be enhanced significantly due to the highest theoretical specific energy density (3860 mAh g-1) among all anode materials for rechargeable LIBs. Nevertheless, commercial LIBs are prone to cause safety problems due to the safety concern arising from Li dendrite growth in liquid organic electrolytes [4-6]. The promising solid-state LIBs offer high thermal stability (i.e., low risk in catching fire), high energy density, wide electrochemical stability window and less environmental impact. A competent electrolyte is the key component of solid-state LIBs. The solid-state electrolyte materials are mainly classified as solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), and organic/inorganic composite electrolytes. ISEs include oxide-based and sulfide-based materials [7, 8], which show very high ionic conductivity (10-2 – 10-3 S cm-1). Furthermore, the lithium ion transference number is close to 1. However, the major limitation factors of practical solid-state LIB applications are the large interfacial impedance between electrode and ISE and the difficulty of processing [9]. Considering processability, mechanical flexibility, interfacial compatibility and electrochemical stability, one prefers SPEs to the inorganic ceramic electrolytes. Nevertheless, SPEs have low ion conductivities (10−7 − 10−5 S cm−1 near room temperature) and most of the Li+ transference numbers are lower than 0.5 [10, 11]. The major requirements for SPEs include high ionic conductivity and transference number at room temperature, wide electrochemical potential window, high mechanical strength and excellent thermal stability. However, the ion conductivity is the most important (> 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature desired) and should be considered first. The coordinating groups of a good polymeric host are expected to interact with Li+ and facilitate dissociation. In this study, we prepared various novel acrylonitrile-based polymers (e.g., acrylonitrile/acrylate copolymer and polymer with two pendant groups b-cyano ethyl ether (-O-CH2CH2-CN) sulfonate alkyl ether (-O-(CH2)3SO3Li). The corresponding SPEs comprising acrylonitrile-based polymer and ca. 50 wt.% lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) with high ionic conductivity (up to 10-3 S cm-1) at room temperature, high ion transfer number (up to 0.45) and large electrochemical potential window (oxidation stability > 5 V vs. Li+/Li) achieved. The selected SPEs were used as the separator in solid-state batteries with LiFePO4 as the cathode and Li foil as the anode; and long-term cycle stability of solid-state LIB was achieved. The polymers and corresponding SPEs were characterized by using DSC, SEM, XRD and FTIR measurements. Ionic conductivities of SPEs were determined from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. The linear sweep voltammetry technique was adopted to measure the oxidation stability window of SPE, and the Evans-Vincent-Bruce method was used to determined ion transfer number. References [1] J.B. Goodenough, Energy Environ. Sci. 7 (2014) 14−18. [2] M. Armand, et al., Nature 451 (2008) 652-657. [3] F. Wu, et al., Chem Soc Rev 49 (2020) 1569-1614. [4] Q. Wang, et at., J Power Sources 208 (2012) 210-224. [5] A.W. Golubkov, et al., RSC Adv 5 (2015) 57171-57186. [6] Z. Wang, et al. Nat Energy 3, (2018) 227–235. [7] L. Fan, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1702657. [8] G. Kim, et al., J Power Sources 282 (2015) 299-322. [9] P. Knauth, Solid State Ion 180 (2009) 911-916. [10] C. Ma, et al., J Power Sources 2016; 317 :103–11. [11] N.K. Karan, et al., Solid State Ion 179 (2008) 689–696. Figure 1

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Nisha, Ananthan, Pandaram Maheswari, Santhanakumar Subanya, Ponnusamy Munusamy Anbarasan, Karuppaiya Balasundaram Rajesh et Zbigniew Jaroszewicz. « Ag-Ni bimetallic film on CaF2 prism for high sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor ». Photonics Letters of Poland 13, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2021) : 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v13i3.1114.

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We present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure based on Kretschmann configuration incorporating bimetallic layers of noble (Ag) and magnetic materials (Ni) over CaF2 prism. Extensive numerical analysis based on transfer matrix theory has been performed to characterize the sensor response considering sensitivity, full width at half maxima, and minimum reflection. Notably, the proposed structure, upon suitably optimizing the thickness of bimetallic layer provides consistent enhancement of sensitivity over other competitive SPR structures. Hence we believe that this proposed SPR sensor could find the new platform for the medical diagnosis, chemical examination and biological detection. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. Homola, S.S. Yee, G. Gauglitz, "Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on planar light pipe: theoretical optimization analysis", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 54, 3 (1999). CrossRef X.D. Hoa, A.G. Kirk, M. Tabrizian, "Towards integrated and sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors: A review of recent progress", Bioelectron, 23, 151 (2007). CrossRef Z. Lin, L. Jiang, L. Wu, J. Guo, X. Dai, Y. Xiang, D. Fan, "Tuning and Sensitivity Enhancement of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor With Graphene Covered Au-MoS 2-Au Films", IEEE Photonics J. 8(6), 4803308 (2016). CrossRef T. Srivastava, R. Jha, R. Das, "High-Performance Bimetallic SPR Sensor Based on Periodic-Multilayer-Waveguides", IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 23(20), 1448 (2011). CrossRef P.K. Maharana, R. Jha, "Chalcogenide prism and graphene multilayer based surface plasmon resonance affinity biosensor for high performance", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 169, 161 (2012). CrossRef R. Verma, B.D. Gupta, R. Jha, "Sensitivity enhancement of a surface plasmon resonance based biomolecules sensor using graphene and silicon layers", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 160, 623 (2011). CrossRef I. Pockrand, "Surface plasma oscillations at silver surfaces with thin transparent and absorbing coatings", Surf. Sci. 72, 577 (1978). CrossRef R. Jha, A. Sharma, "High-performance sensor based on surface plasmon resonance with chalcogenide prism and aluminum for detection in infrared", Opt. Lett. 34(6), 749 (2009). CrossRef E.V. Alieva, V.N. Konopsky, "Biosensor based on surface plasmon interferometry independent on variations of liquid’s refraction index", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 99, 90 (2004). CrossRef S.A. Zynio, A. Samoylov, E. Surovtseva, V. Mirsky, Y. Shirshov, "Bimetallic Layers Increase Sensitivity of Affinity Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance", Sensors 2, 62 (2002). CrossRef S.Y. Wu, H.P. Ho, "Sensitivity improvement of the surface plasmon resonance optical sensor by using a gold-silver transducing layer", Proceedings IEEE Hong Kong Electron Devices Meeting 63 (2002). CrossRef B.H. Ong, X. Yuan, S. Tjin, J. Zhang, H. Ng, "Optimised film thickness for maximum evanescent field enhancement of a bimetallic film surface plasmon resonance biosensor", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 114, 1028 (2006). CrossRef B.H. Ong, X. Yuan, Y. Tan, R. Irawan, X. Fang, L. Zhang, S. Tjin, "Two-layered metallic film-induced surface plasmon polariton for fluorescence emission enhancement in on-chip waveguide", Lab Chip 7, 506 (2007). CrossRef X. Yuan, B. Ong, Y. Tan, D. Zhang, R. Irawan, S. Tjin, "Sensitivity–stability-optimized surface plasmon resonance sensing with double metal layers", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 959, (2006). CrossRef M. Ghorbanpour, "A novel method for the production of highly adherent Au layers on glass substrates used in surface plasmon resonance analysis: substitution of Cr or Ti intermediate layers with Ag layer followed by an optimal annealing treatment", J. Nanostruct, 3, 309, (2013). CrossRef Y. Chen, R.S. Zheng, D.G. Zhang, Y.H. Lu, P. Wang, H. Ming, Z.F. Luo, Q. Kan, "Bimetallic chips for a surface plasmon resonance instrument", Appl. Opt. 50, 387 (2011). CrossRef N.H.T. Tran, B.T. Phan, W.J. Yoon, S. Khym, H. Ju, "Dielectric Metal-Based Multilayers for Surface Plasmon Resonance with Enhanced Quality Factor of the Plasmonic Waves", J. Electron. Mater. 46, 3654 (2017). CrossRef D. Nesterenko Z. Sekkat, "Resolution Estimation of the Au, Ag, Cu, and Al Single- and Double-Layer Surface Plasmon Sensors in the Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared Regions", Plasmonics 8, 1585 (2013). CrossRef M.A. Ordal, R.J. Bell, R.W. Alexander, L.L. Long, M.R. Querry, "Optical properties of fourteen metals in the infrared and far infrared: Al, Co, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Ti, V, and W.", Appl. Opt. 24, 4493 (1985). CrossRef H. Ehrenreich, H.R. Philipp, D.J. Olechna, "Optical Properties and Fermi Surface of Nickel", Phys. Rev. 31, 2469 (1963). CrossRef S. Shukla, N.K. Sharma, V. Sajal, "Theoretical Study of Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Fiber Optic Sensor Utilizing Cobalt and Nickel Films", Braz. J. Phys. 46, 288 (2016). CrossRef K. Shah, N.K. Sharma, AIP Conf. Proc. 2009, 020040 (2018). [23] G. AlaguVibisha, Jeeban Kumar Nayak, P. Maheswari, N. Priyadharsini, A. Nisha, Z. Jaroszewicz, K.B. Rajesh, "Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensor using hybrid configuration of 2D materials over bimetallic layer of Cu–Ni", Opt. Commun. 463, 125337 (2020). CrossRef A. Nisha, P. Maheswari, P.M. Anbarasan, K.B. Rajesh, Z. Jaroszewicz, "Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensor with 2D material covered noble and magnetic material (Ni)", Opt. Quantum Electron. 51, 19 (2019). CrossRef M.H.H. Hasib, J.N. Nur, C. Rizal, K.N. Shushama, "Improved Transition Metal Dichalcogenides-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors", Condens.Matter 4, 49, (2019). CrossRef S. Herminjard, L. Sirigu, H. P. Herzig, E. Studemann, A. Crottini, J.P. Pellaux, T. Gresch, M. Fischer, J. Faist, "Surface Plasmon Resonance sensor showing enhanced sensitivity for CO2 detection in the mid-infrared range", Opt. Express 17, 293 (2009). CrossRef M. Wang, Y. Huo, S. Jiang, C. Zhang, C. Yang,T. Ning, X. Liu, C Li, W. Zhanga, B. Mana, "Theoretical design of a surface plasmon resonance sensor with high sensitivity and high resolution based on graphene–WS2 hybrid nanostructures and Au–Ag bimetallic film", RSC Adv. 7, 47177 (2017). CrossRef P.K. Maharana, P. Padhy, R. Jha, "On the Field Enhancement and Performance of an Ultra-Stable SPR Biosensor Based on Graphene", IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25, 2156 (2013). CrossRef

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« Mini-Subs Help Locate Shackleton's Endurance ». Engineer 302, n^o 7935 (avril 2022) : 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0013-7758(22)90193-x.

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Efforts to locate the wreckage of Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance have been made possible with Sabertooth hybrid underwater search vehicles supplied by Saab. The hybrid vehicles combine the characteristics of a Remote Operating Vehicle (ROV) - always linked to the surface-and an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) - capable of operating without a link.

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Wang, Jian, Yuangui Tang, Shuo Li, Yang Lu, Jixu Li, Tiejun Liu, Zhibin Jiang et al. « The Haidou‐1 hybrid underwater vehicle for the Mariana Trench science exploration to 10,908 m depth ». Journal of Field Robotics, 27 février 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.22307.

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AbstractAn unmanned Autonomous and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ARV), Haidou‐1, visited the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, and performed observation, sampling and bathymetric mapping explorations at the trench bottom. The Haidou‐1 vehicle reached a depth of 10,908 m in the west pool of the Challenger Deep and probed a depth of 10,909 m in the east pool. The 2600 kg underwater robotic vehicle could conduct survey missions with full autonomy and can also be remotely operated through a light fiber tether. Haidou‐1 carries an electric manipulator to implement lightweight intervention tasks. The fiber‐optical tether enables long‐distance real‐time high‐bandwidth communication at full‐ocean depth, thereby providing situational awareness and remote intervention. The hybrid concept we defined for the Haidou‐1 vehicle refers to three typical working modes: Autonomous Underwater Vehicle mode, Remotely Operated Vehicle mode, and ARV mode. There is no need to change any structural configuration at sea to meet the needs of multidisciplinary oceanographic investigation. This paper reports the overview design of Haidou‐1. Practical field trials at the Challenger Deep were conducted to validate the feasibility and performance of the developed system. In the aggregate, eight dives exceeded 10,000 m counting all three operation modes. Some of the initial results are presented including the high‐resolution bathymetric map created by Haidou‐1 onboard sonar, and no similar results have been found yet.

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Klatt, Emily S., Rajendram V. Rajnarayanan et Margarita L. Dubocovich. « Effect of Melatonin Receptor Ligands on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in C3H/HeN Mouse Brain ». FASEB Journal 31, S1 (avril 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.lb574.

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The hormone melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is primarily synthesized in the pineal gland and retina, and released following a circadian rhythm with high levels at night. It shows antioxidant properties (Reiter et al., Adv Med Sci. 52: 11, 2007), binds to the MT1 and MT2 G protein‐coupled receptors, and possibly to a third membrane melatonin binding site (Dubocovich et al., Pharmacol Rev. 62: A, 2010). Hybrid compounds containing melatonin or its indole structure along with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor chemical moiety within the molecule show both anticholinergic properties and antioxidant effects (Fernandez‐Bachiller et al., Chem Med Chem. 4: 828, 2009; Lopez‐Iglesias et al., J Med Chem. 57: 3773, 2014). Our hypothesis is that melatonin receptor ligands modulate the activity of AChE by binding to a novel site also modulated by AChE inhibitors. We first modeled melatonin receptor ligands into the AChE enzyme using computational docking to assess binding interactions between the ligand and the potential melatonin binding site. We then tested these melatonin ligands in vitro using a modified Ellman's AChE activity assay to elucidate the effect of ligands on AChE activity in homogenates from whole C3H/HeN mouse brain. Briefly, homogenates were incubated with ligand, substrate (acetylthiocholine iodide) (500 μM), and DTNB (500 μM) for an appropriate length of time at 37°C as described (Ellman et al., Biochem Pharmacol. 7:88, 1961). There are two binding sites on human AChE required for binding of acetylcholine: the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS). While the active site is composed of the catalytic triad (Ser203, Glu334, and His447), the peripheral site is composed of several aromatic amino acid residues (Tyr72, Tyr124, Trp286, and Tyr341) and a negatively charged residue (Asp74). Melatonin ligands with aromatic moieties and a protonated nitrogen could interact with the PAS via π‐π stacking and ion‐ion interactions. These molecular features provide a pocket for favorable binding interactions between melatonin ligands and AChE inhibitors, creating a potentially new and novel binding site. Melatonin ligands that could be accommodated in the PAS, could modify the enzyme and allosterically modulate the binding of an AChE inhibitor in the CAS. Characterization and validation of the AChE assays in the C3H/HeN brain using a Lineweaver‐Burk double‐reciprocal plot demonstrated Km (101.97 μM) and Vmax (0.2534 units/min) values. The carbamates (0.1 to 100 μM), carbaryl and fenobucarb inhibit AChE activity in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 of 1.7 μM and 1.1 μM, respectively. Melatonin (0.1 – 100 μM) and 2‐iodomelatonin (0.1 – 100 μM) alone did not significantly modulate AChE activity (n=3). Results on potentiation of AChE activity resulting from interactions between AChE inhibitors (piperidines) and melatonin receptor ligands (bivalent indoles) will be reported. Increased inhibition of AChE by combining melatonin and AChE inhibitors would be an important advancement towards the treatment of pathologically complex neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease.Support or Funding InformationSupported by ES 023684 to MLD and RVR.

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Sk, Farooq. « Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > ; Journal > ; Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > ; Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors : D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO : https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract : Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and has the potential to reduce pollutant emissions due to their oxygenated nature. Lighter alcohols like ethanol and methanol are easily miscible with gasoline and by blending alcohols with gasoline ; a part of conventional fuel can be replaced while contributing to fuel economy. Several researchers tested various ethanol blends on different engine test rigs and identified ethanol as one of the most promising ecofriendly fuels for spark ignition engine. Its properties high octane number, high latent heat of vaporization give better performance characteristics and reduces exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. This paper focuses on studying the effects of blending 50 of ethanol by volume with gasoline as it hardly needs engine modifications. Gasoline (E0) and E50 fuels were investigated experimentally on single-cylinder, four-stroke port fuel injection spark ignition engine by varying engine speed from 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm. Performance Characteristics like torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, and volumetric efficiency and exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, CO2, NOx were studied.. Keywords : Ethanol,Emissions,Gasoline,Port fuel Injection, Refference : I Badrawada, I. G. G., and A. A. P. Susastriawan. “Influence of ethanol–gasoline blend on performance and emission of four-stroke spark ignition motorcycle.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2019) : 1-6. II Doğan, Battal, et al. “The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis.” Applied Thermal Engineering 120 (2017) : 433-443. III Efemwenkiekie, U. Ka, et al. “Comparative Analysis of a Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Performance Using Local Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.” Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019) : 1079-1086. IV Galloni, E., F. Scala, and G. Fontana. “Influence of fuel bio-alcohol content on the performance of a turbo-charged, PFI, spark-ignition engine.” Energy 170 (2019) : 85-92. V Hasan, Ahmad O., et al. “Impact of changing combustion chamber geometry on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline blends.” Fuel 231 (2018) : 197-203. VI Mourad, M., and K. Mahmoud. “Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends.” Renewable Energy 143 (2019) : 762-771. VII Singh, Ripudaman, et al. “Influence of fuel injection strategies on efficiency and particulate emissions of gasoline and ethanol blends in a turbocharged multi-cylinder direct injection engine.” International Journal of Engine Research (2019) : 1468087419838393. VIII Thakur, Amit Kumar, et al. “Progress in performance analysis of ethanol-gasoline blends on SI engine.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 69 (2017) : 324-340. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR CUSTOMIZED AFO USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Authors : Gamini Suresh,Nagarjuna Maguluri,Kunchala Balakrishna, DOI NO : https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00052 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract : Neurodegenerative conditions and compressed nerves often cause an abnormal foot drop that affects an individual gait and make it difficult to walk normally. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is the medical device which is recommended for the patients to improve the walking ability and decrease the risk of falls. Custom AFOs provide better fit, comfort and performance than pre-manufactured ones. The technique of 3D-printing is suitable for making custom AFOs. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D-printing method for custom AFO applications with the desired resistance and material deposition rate. Generally, FDM is a thermal process ; therefore materials thermal behaviour plays an important role in optimizing the performance of the printed parts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PLA, ABS, nylon and WF-PLA filaments before manufacturing the AFO components using the FDM method. In the study, the sequence of testing materials provides a basic measuring method to investigate AFO device parts thermal stability. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG and DSC) was carried out before 3D printing is to characterize the thermal stability of each material. Keywords : Additive Manufacturing,Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO),FusedDeposition Modelling,ThermalAnalysis, Refference : I. J. Pritchett, “Foot drop : Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology,” Medscape Drugs, Dis. Proced., vol. 350, no. apr27_6, p. h1736, 2014. II. J. Graham, “Foot drop : Explaining the causes, characteristics and treatment,” Br. J. Neurosci. Nurs., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 168–172, 2010. III. Y. Feng and Y. Song, “The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair : A Systemic Review,” Phys. Act. Heal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2017. IV. J. H. P. Pallari, K. W. Dalgarno, J. Munguia, L. Muraru, L. Peeraer, S. Telfer, and J. Woodburn” Design and additive fabrication of foot and ankle-foot orthoses”21st Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2010 (2010) 834-845 V. Y. Jin, Y. He, and A. Shih, “Process Planning for the Fuse Deposition Modeling of Ankle-Foot-Othoses,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 42, no. Isem Xviii, pp. 760–765, 2016. VI. R. K. Chen, Y. an Jin, J. Wensman, and A. Shih, “Additive manufacturing of custom orthoses and prostheses-A review,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 12, pp. 77–89, 2016. VII. A. D. Maso and F. Cosmi, “ScienceDirect 3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis : a design method,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 12, pp. 252–261, 2019. VIII. B. Yuan et al., “Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017, vol. 10463 LNAI, pp. 273–285. IX. R. Spina, B. Cavalcante, and F. Lavecchia, “Diment LE, Thompson MS, Bergmann JHM. Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of 3D printing : a systematic review.,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1960, 2018. X. M. Srivastava, S. Maheshwari, T. K. Kundra, and S. Rathee, “ScienceDirect Multi-Response Optimization of Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters of ABS Using Response Surface Methodology ( RSM ) -Based Desirability Analysis,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1972–1977, 2017. XI. E. Malekipour, S. Attoye, and H. El-Mounayri, “Investigation of Layer Based Thermal Behavior in Fused Deposition Modeling Process by Infrared Thermography,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 26, pp. 1014–1022, 2018. XII. A. Patar, N. Jamlus, K. Makhtar, J. Mahmud, and T. Komeda, “Development of dynamic ankle foot orthosis for therapeutic application,” Procedia Eng., vol. 41, no. Iris, pp. 1432–1440, 2012. XIII. Y. A. Jin, H. Li, Y. He, and J. Z. Fu, “Quantitative analysis of surface profile in fused deposition modelling,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 8, pp. 142–148, 2015. XIV. M. Walbran, K. Turner, and A. J. McDaid, “Customized 3D printed ankle-foot orthosis with adaptable carbon fibre composite spring joint,” Cogent Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016. XV. N. Wierzbicka, F. Górski, R. Wichniarek, and W. Kuczko, “The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,” Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 283–288, 2017. XVI. S. Farah, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer, “Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 367–392, 2016. XVII. S. Wojtyła, P. Klama, and T. Baran, “Is 3D printing safe ? Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics : ABS , PLA , PET , and,” vol. 9624, no. April, 2017. XVIII. G. Cicala et al., “Polylactide / lignin blends,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2017. XIX. S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang, G. H. Doh, H. G. Yoon, B. D. Park, and Q. Wu, “Thermal and mechanical properties of wood flour/talc-filled polylactic acid composites : Effect of filler content and coupling treatment,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 209–223, 2008. XX. Y. Tao, H. Wang, Z. Li, P. Li, and S. Q. Shi, “Development and application ofwood flour-filled polylactic acid composite filament for 3d printing,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2017. XXI. D. Lewitus, S. McCarthy, A. Ophir, and S. Kenig, “The effect of nanoclays on the properties of PLLA-modified polymers Part 1 : Mechanical and thermal properties,” J. Polym. Environ., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 171–177, 2006. XXII. H. J. Chung, E. J. Lee, and S. T. Lim, “Comparison in glass transition and enthalpy relaxation between native and gelatinized rice starches,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 287–298, 2002. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CFD STUDIES OF MIXING BEHAVIOR OF INERT SAND WITH BIOMASS IN FLUIDIZED BED Authors : B.J.M.Rao,K.V.N.S.Rao, DOI NO : https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00053 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract : Agriculture deposits, which remains unused and often causes ecological problems, could play an important role as an energy source to meet energy needs in developing countries ‘ rural areas. Moreover, energy levels in these deposits are low and need to be elevated by introducing efficient operative conversion technologies to utilize these residues as fuels. In this context, the utilization of a fluidized bed innovation enables a wide range of non-uniform-sized low-grade fuels to be effectively converted into other forms of energy.This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of fluidized conversion method for transformation of agricultural by-products such as rice husk, sawdust, and groundnut shells into useful energy. The present investigation was conducted to know the mixing characteristics of sand and fuel have been found by conducting experiments with mixing ratio of rice husk (1:13), saw dust(1:5) and groundnut shells (1:12), the variation of particle movement in the bed and mixing characteristics are analyzed. The impact of sand molecule size on the fluidization speed of two biofuel and sand components is studied and recommended for groundnut shells using a sand molecule of 0.6 mm size and for rice husk, sawdust 0.4 mm sand particle size. Also, establish that the particle size of sand has a significant effect on mingling features in case of sawdust. In the next part of the investigation, the CFD simulations of the fluidized bed are done to investigate the mixing behavior of sand and biomass particles. A set of simulations are conducted by ANSYS FLUENT16 ; the state of the bed is the same as that of the test. The findings were presented with the volume fraction of sand and biomass particles in the form of contour plots. Keywords : Biomass,sand,mixing behavior,Volume Fraction,CFD model, Refference : I Anil Tekale, Swapna God, Balaji Bedre, Pankaj Vaghela, Ganesh Madake, Suvarna Labade (2017), Energy Production from Biomass : Review, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, ISSN No : – 2456 – 2165. II Anil Kumar, Nitin Kumar , Prashant Baredar , Ashish Shukla (2015), A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 45-530-539. III Zhenglan Li, ZhenhuaXue (2015), Review of Biomass Energy utilization technology, 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. IV Abdeen Mustafa Omer (2011), Biomass energy resources utilisation and waste management, Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development Vol. 3(8), pp. 149 -170 V Rijul Dhingra, Abhinav Jain, Abhishek Pandey, and Srishti Mahajan (2014), Assessment of Renewable Energy in India, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 5. VI Paulina Drożyner, Wojciech Rejmer, Piotr Starowicz,AndrzejKlasa, Krystyna A. Skibniewska (2013), Biomass as a Renewable Source of Energy, Technical Sciences 16(3), 211–220. VII Souvik Das, Swati Sikdar (2016), A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian Perspective, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume : 03 Issue : 02. VIII Maninder, Rupinderjit Singh Kathuria, Sonia Grover, Using Agricultural Residues as a Biomass Briquetting : An Alternative Source of Energy, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE), ISSN : 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 5 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 11-15. IX H.B.Goyal, DiptenduldDeal, R.C.Saxena (2006) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources : A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 2Pages 504-517. X Digambar H. Patil, J. K. Shinde(2017) A Review Paper on Study of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & ; Technology, Volume 4, Issue 4 XI Neil T.M. Duffy, John A. Eaton (2013) Investigation of factors affecting channelling in fixed-bed solid fuel combustion using CFD, Combustion and Flame 160, 2204–2220. XII Xing Wu, Kai Li, Feiyue and Xifeng Zhu (2017), Fluidization Behavior of Biomass Particles and its Improvement in a Cold Visualized Fluidized, Bio Resources 12(2), 3546-3559. XIII N.G. Deen, M. Van Sint Annaland, M.A. Van der Hoef, J.A.M. Kuipers (2007), Reviewof discrete particle modeling of fluidized beds, Chemical Engineering Science 62, 28 – 44. XIV BaskaraSethupathySubbaiah, Deepak Kumar Murugan, Dinesh Babu Deenadayalan, Dhamodharan.M.I (2014), Gasification of Biomass Using Fluidized Bed, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2. XV Priyanka Kaushal, Tobias Pröll and Hermann Hofbauer, Modelling and simulation of the biomass fired dual fluidized bed gasifier at Guessing/Austria. XVI Dawit DiribaGuta (2012), Assessment of Biomass Fuel Resource Potential and Utilization in Ethiopia : Sourcing Strategies for Renewable Energies, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, and No.1. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 AN APPROACH FOR OPTIMISING THE FLOW RATE CONDITIONS OF A DIVERGENT NOZZLE UNDER DIFFERENT ANGULAR CONDITIONS Authors : Lam Ratna Raju ,Ch. Pavan Satyanarayana,Neelamsetty Vijaya Kavya, DOI NO : https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00054 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract : A spout is a device which is used to offer the guidance to the gases leaving the burning chamber. Spout is a chamber which has a capability to change over the thermo-compound essentials created within the ignition chamber into lively vitality. The spout adjustments over the low speed, excessive weight, excessive temperature fuel in the consuming chamber into rapid gasoline of decrease weight and low temperature. An exciting spout is used if the spout weight volume is superior vehicles in supersonic airplane machines commonly combine a few sort of a distinctive spout. Our exam is surpassed on the use of programming like Ansys Workbench for arranging of the spout and Fluent 15.0 for separating the streams inside the spout. The events of staggers for the pipe formed spouts have been seen close by trade parameters for numerous considered one of a kind edges. The parameters underneath recognition are differentiated and that of shape spout for singular terrific edges by using keeping up the gulf, outlet and throat width and lengths of joined together and diverse quantities as same. The simultaneous component and throat expansiveness are kept regular over the cases.The surprise of stun became envisioned and the effects exhibited near closeness in direction of motion of Mach circle and its appearance plans as exposed in numerous preliminary considers on advancement in pipe molded particular spouts with assorted edges four°,7°, 10°, Occurrence of stun is seen with higher special factors Keywords : Nozzle,Supersonic Rocket Engine,Divergent edges, Refference : I. Varun, R. ; Sundararajan,T. ; Usha,R. ; Srinivasan,ok. ; Interaction among particle-laden under increased twin supersonic jets, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G : Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010 224 : 1005. II. Pandey,K.M. ; Singh, A.P. ; CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2010, ISSN : 2010-0221. III. Natta, Pardhasaradhi. ; Kumar, V.Ranjith. ; Rao, Dr. Y.V. Hanumantha. ; Flow Analysis of Rocket Nozzle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN : 2248-9622,Vol. 2, Issue five, September- October 2012, pp.1226-1235. IV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh. K.M.Pandey, Member, IACSIT and S.K.YadavK.M.Pandey and S.K.Yadav, ―CFD Analysis of a Rocket Nozzle with Two Inlets at Mach2.1, Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Vol 5, No 2, 2010, pp- 308-321. V. Shigeru Aso, ArifNur Hakim, Shingo Miyamoto, Kei Inoue and Yasuhiro Tani “ Fundamental examine of supersonic combustion in natural air waft with use of surprise tunnel” Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, Japan , Acta Astronautica 57 (2005) 384 – 389. VI. P. Padmanathan, Dr. S. Vaidyanathan, Computational Analysis of Shockwave in Convergent Divergent Nozzle, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN : 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1597-1605. VII. Adamson, T.C., Jr., and Nicholls., J.A., “On the shape of jets from Highly below improved Nozzles into Still Air,” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol.26, No.1, Jan 1959, pp. Sixteen-24. VIII. Lewis, C. H., Jr., and Carlson, D. J., “Normal Shock Location in underneath increased Gas and Gas particle Jets,” AIAA Journal, Vol 2, No.4, April 1964, pp. 776-777. Books IX. Anderson, John D.Jr. ; Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, Third edition, 2012 X. Versteeg. H. ; Malalasekra.W. ; An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics The Finite Volume Method, Second Edition,2009. XI. H.K.Versteeg and W.Malala Sekhara, “An introduction to Computational fluid Dynamics”, British Library cataloguing pub, 4th version, 1996. XII. Lars Davidson, “An introduction to turbulenceModels”, Department of thermo and fluid dynamics, Chalmers college of era, Goteborg, Sweden, November, 2003. XIII. Karna s. Patel, “CFD analysis of an aerofoil”, International Journal of engineering studies,2009. XIV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh “CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software,2017. XV. P. Parthiban, M. Robert Sagayadoss, T. Ambikapathi, Design And Analysis Of Rocket Engine Nozzle by way of the usage of CFD and Optimization of Nozzle parameters, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.Three., Issue.5., 2015 (Sept.-Oct.). View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE SHAFT FOR AN AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS Authors : Govindarajulu Eedara,P. N. Manthru Naik, DOI NO : https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00055 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract : The driveshaft is a mechanical instrument that is used in automobiles. The other name of the drive shaft is driveshaft is prop shaft. It has one long cylindrical structure consist of two universal joints. By using the driveshaft it transfers the rotary motion to the differential by using the helical gearbox. By using this rotary motion the rare wheels will run. The 3dimensional Model of automobile drive Shaft is designed using CATIA parametric which enables product development processes and thereby brings about an optimum design. Now a day’s steel is using the best material for the driveshaft.In this paper replacing the composite materials (Kevlar, e-glass epoxy) instead of steel material and itreduces a considerable amount of weight when compared to the conventional steel shaft. The composite driveshaft have high modulus is designed by using CATIA software and tested in ANSYS for optimization of design or material check and providing the best datebook Keywords : The driveshaft ,CATIA,automobile,steel,composite materials,ANSYS,Kevla,e-glass epoxy, Refference : I A.R. Abu Talib, Aidy Ali, Mohamed A. Badie, Nur Azienda Che Lah, A.F. Golestaneh Developing a hybrid, carbon/glass-fiber-reinforced, epoxy composite automotive driveshaft, Material and Design, volume31, 2010, pp 514 – 521 II ErcanSevkat, Hikmet Tumer, Residual torsional properties of composite shafts subjected to impact Loadings, Materials, and design, volume – 51, 2013, pp -956-967. III H. Bayrakceken, S. Tasgetiren, I. Yavuz two cases of failure in the power transmission system on vehicles : A Universal joint yoke and a drive shaft, volume-14,2007,pp71. IV H.B.H. Gubran, Dynamics of hybrid shafts, Mechanics Research communication, volume – 32, 2005, pp – 368-374. V Shaw D, Simitses DJ, SheinmanI. Imperfection sensitivity of laminated cylindrical shells in torsion and axial compression. ComposStruct 1985 ; 4(3) pp:35–60. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN SI ENGINE USING E10 EQUIVALENT TERNARY GASOLINE- ALCOHOL BLENDS ». JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 15, n^o 7 (26 juillet 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00056.

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