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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Hungary – Economic policy – 1989- »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Hungary – Economic policy – 1989-"

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Emese, Fayne Peter. « Economic Policy and Foreign Trade of Hungary ». Artha Vijnana : Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 29, no 3 (1 septembre 1987) : 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/1987/v29/i3/116273.

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Birtalan, Iván. « A Magyar Orvosi Kamara, mint első polgári mozgalom újraalakításának szubjektív története. Az újkori orvostörténelem egyik nagy eseménye ». Kaleidoscope history 10, no 21 (2020) : 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2020.21.37-46.

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“General of Hungarian Medical Chamber (MOK), recalled my memory, about the history, purpose and goals of the MOK.” Re-founded in 1988, the MOK has previously been prohibited for decades since it ceased to exist after the World War 2, because 1945 it was deemed a fascist corporation. In its newly founded structure between 1988 and 1989, the MOK became soon the body for representing ethical, professional, social and health policy interests of medical doctors. Efforts of the MOK re-foundation turned out as a historical victory of the medical doctors’ community during the political changes of the socio-economic system in Hungary.
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Comisso, Ellen, et Paul Marer. « The economics and politics of reform in Hungary ». International Organization 40, no 2 (1986) : 421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027193.

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Reform of the domestic economic system is the distinctive element of Hungary's foreign economic strategy in the 1980s. The need for systemic economic reform stems from Hungary's status as a small country, heavily dependent on foreign trade, many of whose imports can no longer be met within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance alone. The many obstacles to economic reform lie in a heritage of policy choices that responded to domestic and CMEA supply constraints rather than to principles of comparative advantage. Such policies undercut the initial economic reform in 1968 and contributed to a major economic crisis in 1979–82. The subsequent changes in policy priorities and institutional mechanisms prompted by this crisis aimed to reduce Hungary's insulation from the larger international economy and make the economy more efficient. Politically, economic reform is possible in Hungary largely because of the impact of the 1956 revolt on both the subsequent composition of the political elite and the norms and features of collective leadership that guided its decision making afterwards. Nevertheless, the political and economic structures on which collective leadership rests weaken reform advocates and obstruct consistent implementation of their policy preferences. Yet Hungary's economic situation in the late 1970s altered the political balance offerees in favor of reformists, permitting them to alter both economic structures and policies.
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Süli-Zakar, István. « The Formation of Social and Economic Peripheries in Hungary after the Change of Regime ». Landscape & ; Environment 10, no 3-4 (13 septembre 2016) : 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/10/3-4/11.

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The Hungarian industrial revolution started in the second half of the 19th century, which caused therevaluation of the geographical peripheries in Hungary. After the Trianon Treaty the rural areas of Hungarylost their foreign markets and became the "country of three million beggars". The socialist industrializationof the systems of Rákosi and Kádár absorbed the surplus of rural labour, but the industrializationmeant the redistributive exploitation of the agricultural areas and the further impoverishment. Afterthe political transition in 1989, the rural Hungary could not be the "pantry of the Council for MutualEconomic Assistance", and the final crisis of the Hungarian agricultural sales finalized the deformationof the three-quarters of Hungary, the major part of the rural areas in Hungary. In the recent decades thebrain drain worked in the Hungarian peripheries, the disinvestment and the pauperization increased.The emerging of the new latifundia and the monoculture commodity production operate independently,separated from the Hungarian rural people in the sense of ownerships and production. As the result ofthese negative processes, significant part of the society in the peripheral areas declassed. In this hopelesssituation awareness only a conscious regional policy and above all, a very well-considered education isonly able to offer a chance for break
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Domonkos, Endre. « The Consequences of Stalinist Economic Policy in Hungary (1949-1953) ». Multidiszciplináris kihívások, sokszínű válaszok, no 1 (31 août 2022) : 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33565/mksv.2022.01.01.

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By 1948, with the eradication of private property ownership and multi-party-system, the institutional background of the Soviet-type dictatorship was created by the Hungarian Workers Party (HWP). In economic terms, forced industrialisation became buzzword, whereas both agricultural and infrastructural development were neglected by the communist leadership. The forced collectivisation in the agriculture, accompanied by the postponement of necessary investments led to a permanent shortage of goods. Compulsory deliveries coupled with the application of the principle of quantity further aggravated the situation of the agrarian sector. As a result of aggressive campaign against the wealthy peasants and forced collectivisation, 300 000 people ceased to work in the agriculture and were employed by industry. Within the centrally planned economy, profitability, cost of production, marketability and quality of products were neglected. Only one principle was taken into account, which was the fulfilment or overfulfilment of the global production plan index and all other criteria were ignored by decision-makers. Foreign trade relations were embedded within the framework of the command economy. Foreign trade corporations were set up and world market prices became hermetically isolated from domestic prices. Within Comecon, the endeavour of the USSR was to reduce any dependency of the socialist bloc on world markets and to achieve self-sufficiency. The introduction of fixed prices in 1950 led to serious price distortions, whilst Hungary depended on increasing import of raw material, which was essential for the development of heavy industry. Therefore, the targets of foreign trade were not fulfilled during the period 1949-53. The irrational economic objectives of the first Five-Year Plan produced lasting damages in the national economy of Hungary.
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Pula, Besnik. « Socialism Betrayed ? Economists, Neoliberalism, and History in the Undoing of Market Socialism ». Historical Materialism 23, no 4 (27 novembre 2015) : 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341426.

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Through an historical analysis of the transnational practices of economists during the Cold War, Johanna Bockman rejects the narrative that the revolutions of 1989 represented the victory of ‘Western economics’, and especially neoliberalism, over ‘East-European socialism’. Rather, Bockman shows that the space of exchange, as well as policy experimentation in socialist states such as Yugoslavia and Hungary, led to the articulation of alternative, decentralised, ‘market socialisms’ from the 1950s up until the 1980s. Instead of operating within separate and incommensurable paradigms of ‘capitalist’ and ‘socialist’ economics, Bockman shows how neoclassical theory and its long tradition of comparing distinct economic systems became the centralepistemeallowing for the transnational exchange of ideas between economists of both the East and the West. This review-essay evaluates the book’s central claims but argues that the book stands on weaker ground when arguing that a reformed socialism was a viable option in Eastern Europe after 1989.
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Fabry, Adam. « The origins of neoliberalism in late ‘socialist’ Hungary : The case of the Financial Research Institute and ‘Turnabout and Reform’ ». Capital & ; Class 42, no 1 (16 février 2017) : 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816817692125.

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This article contributes to ongoing debates in the transformatology literature, as well as the wider literature on the global neoliberal revolution, on the origins of neoliberalism in Soviet-style economies. Within these debates, the transition to a (free) market economy and liberal democracy in Hungary and elsewhere in the former Soviet bloc has commonly been perceived as an exogenous process, dating to the annus mirabilis of 1989. This article challenges this consensus. Through a case study of the Financial Research Institute ( Pénzügykutatási Intézet), the official research institute of the Ministry of Finance, and a programme of radical economic reform, known as ‘Turnabout and Reform’ ( Fordulat és Reform), published in 1987 by a group of experts at the institute, the article demonstrates that in the case of Hungary, neoliberalism was not simply an ‘imported project’, which arrived ‘from the West’ on the eve of the formal transition in 1989–1990. Rather, it is argued that it emerged organically in Hungarian society in the 1980s, as a response by domestic economic and political elites to the deepening crisis of the Kádár regime. Hence, the essential aim of the ‘neoliberal turn’ was to reconfigure the Hungarian economy in line with the exigencies of the capitalist world economy, while ensuring that the political transition went as smoothly as possible. As such, while obviously a repudiation of past policy, policymakers in Budapest pursued the similar objectives as central planners under ‘actually existing socialism’.
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Skyba, Ivanna. « The state and Protestant Churches in Hungary in 1948 – 1989 ». Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series : History, no 2 (45) (25 décembre 2021) : 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.247275.

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The purpose of the article is to characterize the activities of the largest and most influential Protestant churches in Hungary: Reformed (Calvinist) and Lutheran (Evangelical). These religious denominations along with the Catholic denomination belong to the so-called historical churches of Hungary. The chronological framework is the following: 1948 – the year of the communist regime’s rapid attack on the political, economic, educational activities of the Reformed and Lutheran churches and the signing of a compromise cooperation agreement with them, which lasted until 1990. 1989 – the liquidation of the State Administration for Churches, socio-political transformation in Hungary, which resulted in gaining absolute freedom. Based on Hungarian historiography, the relations between the Protestant churches and the state during the reign of Janos Kadar (1956 – 1988), called by Hungarian researchers the Kadar era, and are analyzed. It was Janos Kadar, the leader of the “soft dictatorship”, who managed to turn the Hungarian People’s Republic into “the funniest barracks in the socialist camp”. The background for the successful policy of the Hungarian government after the revolutionary events of 1956 was the achievement of social harmony, including through great tolerance and flexibility in the religious sphere. The article notes that representatives of the Reformed and Lutheran churches did not take an active part in the preparations for the events of 1956, but pastors and congregations supported the revolution. It is stressed that the relations with the Protestant denominations were settled specifically during the 50s of the twentieth century; the authorities managed to turn part of the clergy into their allies. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature, it is identified that relations were compromise in the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century, as the leadership of the Reformed and Lutheran churches helped the government to pursue the policy of the Popular Front in the struggle for socialism. Owing to it, no one was persecuted for their religious beliefs. In the 1980s, the state’s influence on historical churches gradually weakened, and processes leading to socio-political transformation in the late 1980s started, and as a result, churches in Hungary gained absolute freedom.
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Kassai, Piroska, et Gergely Tóth. « Agricultural Soil Phosphorus in Hungary : High Resolution Mapping and Assessment of Socioeconomic and Pedological Factors of Spatiotemporal Variability ». Sustainability 12, no 13 (1 juillet 2020) : 5311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135311.

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Over-fertilization before 1989 resulted in high phosphorus levels in agricultural soils of Hungary, but the accumulated reserves seem to have been depleted in recent decades due to under-fertilization. The aims of this study were to map the spatial pattern of phosphorus level and its change in the last few decades in Hungary to document the effect of fertilization and underlying socio-economic conditions on P concentrations, to identify the role of soil properties in changing soil soluble P and to quantify the total amount of soluble phosphorus level change in agricultural areas in the last few decades in the country. Two soil datasets were analyzed (National Pedological and Crop Production Database of Hungary and the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey, LUCAS, topsoil dataset), representing the status of soil nutrient contents in 1989 and in 2009. The measured phosphorus concentrations were compared to the reported phosphorus fertilization inputs. We also evaluated the effect of some important soil properties on soluble phosphorus content and on its change. We produced three maps by using kriging methods: soluble phosphorus levels in 1989, in 2009 and the change between 1989 and 2009. The results confirmed that phosphorus levels in agricultural areas depend mainly on agricultural use, while soil physical characteristics play a smaller role. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that the decrease in soil phosphorus levels was significantly influenced by soil chemistry (pH and CaCO3 content). The mean soluble phosphorus level was 108 mg/kg in 1989 and 28 mg/kg in 2009, and the median values were 100 and 22. The total loss (caused by harvesting, fixation and erosion) is ~1.5 million tons of soluble phosphorus, which is twice as much as the reported phosphorus balances indicated. In conclusion, our results show that approximately 50% of agricultural areas in Hungary are characterized by a very low supply of phosphorus (according to the latest data), posing a risk of nutrient depletion in these areas.
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Olejnik, Maciej. « A New Model of Corporatism in States Governed by Populist Political Parties : The Cases of Poland and Hungary ». Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science 27, no 2 (2020) : 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pc2020-2-178.

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Between 1945 and 2010 three main types of corporatism were discussed in the political science literature: the ‘classic’ and ‘lean’ corporatism that existed in the West European countries and the ‘illusory’ corporatism that dominated in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989. The aim of the paper is to examine whether a new version of corporatism, which I call ‘patronage’ corporatism, emerged in Hungary and Poland during the first term of the governments formed by populist political parties (in Hungary between 2010 and 2014 and in Poland between 2015 and 2019). In patronage corporatism the authorities autonomously conduct heterodox economic policy. They enter into alliances only with ideologically close trade unions. While their cronies legitimize authorities’ decisions at the governmental level vis-à-vis the citizens and at the international level, the government fulfils some of their socio-economic and organizational demands. Furthermore, the government cooperates with its allies to destroy other trade unions that are perceived as hostile towards the authorities. The paper shows that the capture of power by populist parties in Hungary and Poland led to the development of patronage corporatism in these countries.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Hungary – Economic policy – 1989-"

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Lee, Sunju. « Women and transition : a case study of social policy effects in Hungary (1989-1996) ». Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285851.

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Němečková, Šárka. « Vývoj kursového režimu a kursové politiky ČSR mezi válkami ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12000.

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The goal of this diploma work is to evaluate the process and form of determination for czechoslovak crown's exchange rate at beginning of the autonomous Czechoslovak republic and consequential implementation of monetary policy according to the development of economic situation until the beginning of the Second World War. At first I will aim to outline initial economic and monetary situation in the Czech countries before the Austria-Hungary empire break-up. The main focus of the whole work is the monetary reform in the Czechoslovak republic in 1919 whose creator was Alois Rašín. Consequently I will focus on formation of the Czechoslovak monetary policy and monetary stabilization until the world economic crisis. The important step in this period was the foundation of the autonomous emissive bank, which should have strengthened the confidence of currency and separated monetary policy from political interests. The start of the world economic crisis caused breakdown of all economics including the czechoslovak one. Due to this situation I would like to focus also on consequences of the crisis and the solutions suggested by Karel Engliš. At the end of this diploma work I would like to describe the final years of independence of the czechoslovak monetary policy before occupation and the Second World War.
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Chen, Lijian. « Urban housing policy and housing commercialization in socialist countries : China and Hungary ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28343.

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Housing was considered a public good rather than a marketable commodity at the early stage in the development of most socialist countries. Governments in those countries assumed full responsibility for urban housing finance, construction, allocation, management, maintenance and rehabilitation. A policy of low official rents and high subsidies was adopted as the method to ensure that all urban residents would have access to the state built housing stock. Success in solving the housing problem was to be a showpiece for the socialist countries. However, after approximately forty years of development of the socialist housing economy, many urban residents in countries such as China and Hungary still face severe housing problems. The governments in these two countries have initiated a variety of new efforts in recent years in an attempt to improve the living conditions of their urban residents. In spite of this, many urban housing problems persist and some are even becoming worse. In view of this situation, both governments have introduced new housing policies which recognize certain aspects of housing as a commodity within the socialist economy. A major aim of these new policies is to encourage individual financial participation in residential construction. This approach, commonly referred to as the policy of housing commercialization, is considered by government to be a feasible approach to resolving the tenacious urban housing problem and an effective means to significantly improve living conditions for all urban residents. By undertaking a comparative study of China's and Hungary's urban housing policies, housing delivery systems and housing problems, this research endeavours to describe and assess the rationale and other associated factors behind this housing policy transformation in both China and Hungary. In addition, this research examines the lessons of Hungary's housing policy reform and concludes with a set of policy recommendations for China's future urban housing efforts.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Taksz, Ildiko. « Economic policy implementation in East-Central Europe : industrial privatization in Hungary in the early 1990s ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389764.

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Kim, Byung-Yeon. « Fiscal policy and consumer market : disequilibrium in the Soviet Union, 1965-1989 ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319109.

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Pichonnier, Christopher. « La France et la Hongrie (1989-2004) ». Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30018/document.

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Les relations entre la France et la Hongrie ont été, au fil de l’histoire, placées à la fois sous le signe de la complexité et celui de l’ambiguïté, souvent marquées par une certaine distance et parfois empreintes de ressentiments. Au cours de l'époque de l'époque moderne, l'occupation turque, puis la longue association de la Hongrie aux Habsbourgs ont contribué à dresser, entre les deux pays, des barrières, et à freiner le développement de liens plus conséquents. De manière similaire, au cours du XXe siècle, alors que beaucoup de facteurs géographiques, culturels ou humains auraient du conduire la France à nouer avec la Hongrie les mêmes rapports de confiance et d'amitié qu'avec les autres capitales d'Europe centre-orientale, les deux Guerres mondiales – et les périodes révisionnistes et communistes qui les ont suivis en Hongrie –, mais aussi la profonde blessure infligée aux Hongrois par le traité du Trianon, ont constamment rejeté les deux États dans des camps opposés et contribué à créer, dans un pays dont l'intelligentsia était pourtant historiquement prompte à « tourner son regard vers Paris », le mythe d'un « amour sans retour » envers la France. Longtemps considérée comme une zone d'influence germanique exclusive, la Hongrie ne représenta ainsi jamais réellement un partenaire privilégié pour la France à l'est du continent et les relations entre les deux pays demeurèrent très largement irrégulières et dissymétriques. Dans ces conditions, les bouleversements des années 1989-1990, tout en offrant l'occasion de redessiner un nouveau paysage européen tourné vers l'avenir, ont autorisé la possibilité d'un nouveau départ des rapports entre les deux États. En se plaçant dans la lignée des recherches réalisées sur les relations entre la France et la Hongrie au cours du XXe siècle, ce travail offre une première analyse du resserrement global des liens entre les deux États dans un contexte nouveau. En partant du constat que les relations franco-hongroises changent de dimension à partir de 1989 – une transformation qui est exposée et analysée – ce travail cherche à comprendre si cette mutation représente la marque d’une modification de la nature réelle de la politique française en Hongrie, alors même que celle-ci n’avait été jusqu’alors traitée que comme une périphérie globalisée dans le cadre d’une « politique de l’Est » très large, et d'autre part si la période marque la fin des absences de Marianne en Hongrie et de plus de « 300 ans d’amour impossible » entre les deux pays. Au crépuscule de la guerre froide et à l'aube de l'élargissement de l'UE, face à l'ampleur des rattrapages à effectuer et à la pesanteur des stéréotypes à surpasser, les années 1989-2004 marquent-elles la fin des relations ambiguës et asymétriques entre la France et la Hongrie et le commencement d'une nouvelle ère des relations franco-hongroises ? Le travail se décompose en quatre parties : une mise en perspective générale du sujet et une première analyse de l'idée de « nouveau départ », une étude de l'évolution des relations culturelles entre les deux États, un développement sur le renforcement des liens économiques bilatéraux, et enfin une étude des relations entre les deux pays à la lumière de la question de l'élargissement euroatlantique
Throughout history, relations between France and Hungary have been complex and ambiguous, often characterized by a certain distance and sometimes marked by a genuine resentment. During the early modern period, the Turkish occupation and the long association of Hungary to the Habsburg Empire certainly contributed to building barriers between the two states and thus to slowing down the development of stronger ties. In a similar manner, during the 20th century, even though many factors – geographical, cultural, as well as societal – should have led France to develop a similar relationship of confidence and friendship with Hungary as those it had with other central European capitals, the two World Wars – and the revisionist and communist periods that followed in Hungary – as well as the deep “injury” inflicted on the Hungarians by the Treaty of Trianon have constantly pushed both states into opposing camps. In a country where the intelligentsia was historically quick to “look towards Paris”, these factors and events contributed to creating the myth of an “impossible love” between the two countries. Considered for a very long time as a German zone of influence, Hungary never really represented a favored partner for France in the eastern part of the continent, and the relations between the countries remained largely irregular and asymmetrical. Under these conditions, the major upheavals of the years 1989-1990, while offering an opportunity to redesign a new Europe, also allowed a chance for a new start in French-Hungarian relations. This thesis provides the first analysis of the overall strengthening of French-Hungarian relations in this new historical context. Starting with the observation that French-Hungarian relations undergo a change of dimension from 1989 – a transformation that will be discussed and analyzed – our work tries to understand on the one hand whether this mutation represents a modification of the real nature of French foreign policy towards Hungary, given that the country was mostly treated until then as part of the global periphery; and, on the other hand, whether this period marks the end of an absent France in Hungary. At the twilight of the Cold War and the dawn of the EU's enlargement, does the period from 1989 to 2004 mark the end of an ambiguous and asymmetrical relationship between France and Hungary and the start of a new era for French-Hungarian relations? The thesis is divided into four main parts : the first part provides a general overview of the topic and tests the idea of a “new beginning” of French-Hungarian relations. The second part delivers an analysis of the evolution of cultural relations between the two countries from 1989 to 2004. The third part is dedicated to the strengthening of economic ties between the two states. Finally, the last part studies the evolution of the relations between the two countries throughout the process of the EU and NATO's enlargement
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Perry, Geoffrey E. « Economic evaluation of active labour market policy in New Zealand 1989 to 1997 ». Thesis, University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/525.

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Active labour market programmes are an important component of government labour market policy internationally and in New Zealand. The growth in unemployment, and in particular male and long term unemployment, since the mid 1980's in New Zealand have contributed to the enhanced role of active labour market programmes in government policy. In the early 1990's the New Zealand government introduced a menu of interventions including subsidy, work experience and training programmes. Concomitant with this development has been increased pressure from political, business and social groups to assess the effectiveness of this approach in lowering unemployment. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of active labour market policy utilised in New Zealand from 1989 to 1997. Whether or not these active labour market interventions were beneficial to those males who participated in them, the effect of treatment upon the treated, is the parameter estimated. The range of programmes makes it possible to analyse a number of programme evaluation issues. These include the overall question of the impact of subsidy, work experience and training programmes in general, but also other specific research questions. In particular the range of subsidy programmes makes it possible to identify that subsidies to private sector firms are more effective than those to public sector organisations. The effectiveness of start-up subsidies for the unemployed are also evaluated and found to be beneficial. The effects of participation upon selected education and ethnic groups are also estimated. Since there is no one estimation approach that works in all circumstances, both regression and matching estimators are used. In order to achieve this it is necessary to create two estimation datasets as the data requirements vary for each technique. The main findings from the research are that participation in active labour market programmes is beneficial in reducing the length of time that participants are registered as unemployed. Work experience programmes have the largest impact, followed by subsidies. The effect of training programmes is smallest. The major beneficial effect occurs in the year following participation and then reduces in subsequent years. There are also some important methodological findings, including the sensitivity of results to the time frame, to the datasets chosen, and to the estimation techniques used.
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Amer, Lutfi. « De la phase destructrice de l'économie planifiée à la formation d'une économie périphérique en Europe de l'Est : essai sur le cas hongrois ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212948.

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Lund, Camilla Elisabeth. « Changing perceptions of the national interest in economic and defence policy under Mitterrand, 1981-1989 ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389842.

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Schulze, David A. « The politics of power : rural electrification in Alberta, 1920-1989 ». Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55642.

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Livres sur le sujet "Hungary – Economic policy – 1989-"

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Berend, T. Iván. The Hungarian economic reforms, 1953-1988. Cambridge [England] : Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Bönker, Frank. The political economy of fiscal reform in Eastern Europe : Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic from 1989 to EU accession. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar, 2006.

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Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt. Központi Bizottság., dir. On the development of socialism in Hungary : Ideological Conference, 19-21 February 1987, Szeged, Hungary. [Hungary] : Corvina, 1987.

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Comparative economic transformations : Mainland China, Hungary, the Soviet Union, and Taiwan. Stanford, Calif : Stanford University Press, 1994.

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Boer-Ashworth, Elizabeth de. The global political economy and post-1989 change : The place of the Central European transition. Basingstoke : Macmillan Press, 2000.

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The global political economy and post-1989 change :b the place of the Central European transition /Elizabeth De Boer-Ashworth. New York : St. Martin's Press, 2000.

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7

Regional Meeting on Population and Development (1987 Budapest, Hungary). Proceedings of the Regional Meeting on Population and Development, Budapest (Hungary), 24-27 February 1987. Budapest : Statistical Pub. House, 1987.

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Fabry, Adam, editor of compilation, dir. From the vanguard to the margins : Workers in Hungary, 1939 to the present : selected essays by Mark Pittaway. Boston : Brill, 2014.

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IFAC/IFORS International Conference on Dynamic Modelling and Control of National Economies (5th 1986 Budapest, Hungary). Dynamic modelling and control of national economies, 1986 : Proceedings of the 5th IFAC/IFORS conference, Budapest, Hungary, 17-20 June 1986. Oxford [Oxfordshire] : Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon Press, 1987.

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D, Fenyo Mario, dir. Global monetary regime and national central banking : The case of Hungary, 1921-1929. Boulder, Colo : Social Science Monographs, 2002.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Hungary – Economic policy – 1989-"

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Rákosi, Judit, Gábor Ungvári et András Kis. « The Water Load Fee of Hungary ». Dans Use of Economic Instruments in Water Policy, 39–51. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18287-2_4.

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Ferge, Zsuzsa. « Recent Trends in Social Policy in Hungary ». Dans Economic Reforms and Welfare Systems in the USSR, Poland and Hungary, 132–55. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11690-4_7.

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Brown, Kerry. « The Reform Era Foreign Policy Narrative : 1978 Onward ». Dans Chinese Economic Statecraft from 1978 to 1989, 437–46. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9217-8_14.

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Minami, Kazushi. « The Bottleneck of Reform : China’s Oil Policy in the 1980s ». Dans Chinese Economic Statecraft from 1978 to 1989, 297–328. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9217-8_10.

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Germuska, Pál. « Economic Growth and the Industrial Development Policy in Hungary, 1950–1975 ». Dans Industrial Policy in Europe after 1945, 321–36. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137329905_15.

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Szelewa, Dorota. « From Implicit to Explicit Familialism : Post-1989 Family Policy Reforms in Poland ». Dans Gender and Family in European Economic Policy, 129–51. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41513-0_7.

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Szelewa, Dorota. « Erratum to : From Implicit to Explicit Familialism : Post-1989 Family Policy Reforms in Poland ». Dans Gender and Family in European Economic Policy, E1. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41513-0_13.

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Clayton, Elizabeth. « The Social Contract : Soviet Price and Housing Policy ». Dans Economic Reforms and Welfare Systems in the USSR, Poland and Hungary, 52–67. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11690-4_3.

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Tálas, Barna. « Formation and Announcement ot the Reform and Opening Policy (1978–1979) ». Dans Economic Reforms and Political Attempts in China 1979–1989, 61–81. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46749-3_3.

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Tálas, Barna. « Development of the Reform and Opening Policy in the Period of Readjustment (1979–1982) ». Dans Economic Reforms and Political Attempts in China 1979–1989, 82–109. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46749-3_4.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Hungary – Economic policy – 1989-"

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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. « EU Enlargement to the Balkans : Membership Perspective to the Balkan Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01163.

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After the dispersion of the Soviet Union, the European Union embarked upon an intense relationship with the Central and Eastern European Countries. The transition into capital market and democratization of these countries had been supported by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of 1989 before the collapse of the Soviet Union System. The European Agreements were signed between the EU and Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia on December 16th, 1991. 10 Central and Eastern Europe Countries became the members of the EU on May 1st, 2004. With the accession of Bulgaria and Romania into the EU on January 1st, 2007, the number of the EU member countries reached up to 27, and finally extending to 28 with the membership of Croatia to the EU on July 1st, 2013. Removing the Western Balkan States, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina from the scope of external relations, the EU included these countries in the enlargement process in 2005.The European Commission has determined 2014 enlargement policy priorities as dealing with the fundamentals on preferential basis. In this context, the developments in the Balkans will be closely monitored within the scope of a new approach giving priority to the superiority of law. The enlargement process of the EU towards the Balkans and whether or not the Western Balkan States will join the Union will be analyzed.
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Bálintová, Monika, Anikó Barcziová et Renáta Machová. « Labor Market Policy in the Slovak Republic and Hungary during the COVID-19 Pandemic ». Dans Hradec Economic Days 2022, sous la direction de Jan Maci, Petra Maresova, Krzysztof Firlej et Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2022-01-002.

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Gál, István László. « ECONOMIC POLICY AND CRIMINAL POLICY IN THE PRACTICE : NEW TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST MONEY LAUNDERING IN EUROPE AND HUNGARY ». Dans EU LAW IN CONTEXT – ADJUSTMENT TO MEMBERSHIP AND CHALLENGES OF THE ENLARGEMENT. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/7114.

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Erdei, Renáta J., et Anita R. Fedor R. Fedor. « The Phenomenon and the Characteristics of Precariate in Hungary : Labormarket situation, Precariate, Subjective health ». Dans CARPE Conference 2019 : Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10284.

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Anita R. Fedor- Renáta J. Erdei Abstract The focus of our research is labor market integration and the related issues like learning motivation, value choices, health status, family formation and work attitudes. The research took place in the North Great Plain Region – Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza region, Debrecen, Cigánd district (exception), we used the Debrecen and the national database of the Graduate Tracking System. Target groups: 18-70 year-old age group, women and women raising young children, 15-29 year-old young age group, high school students (graduate ones) fresh university graduates. The theorethical frameworks of the precariate research is characterized by a multi-disciplinar approach, as this topic has sociological, economic, psychological, pedagogical, legal and health aspects. Our aim is to show whether There is relevance between the phenomenon of precariate and labor market disadvantage and how individual insecurity factors affect a person’s presence in the labor market. How the uncertainties in the workplace appear in different regions and social groups by expanding the theoretical framework.According to Standing precariate is typical to low gualified people. But I would like to see if it also typical to highly qualifiled young graduates with favourable conditions.It is possible or worth looking for a way out of the precarious lifestyle (often caused by objective reasons) by combining and using management and education.Are there definite features in the subjective state of health of groups with classic precariate characteristics? Results The research results demonstrate that the precarious characteristics can be extended, they are multi-dimensional.The personal and regional risk factors of labor market exclusion can develop both in different regions and social groups. Precarized groups cannot be connected exclusively to disadvantaged social groups, my research has shown that precarious characteristics may also appear, and the process of precarization may also start among highly qualified people. Precariate is a kind of subjective and collective crisis. Its depth largely depends on the economic environment, the economic and social policy, and the strategy and cultural conditions of the region. The results show, that the subjective health of classical precar groups is worse than the others.
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Csápai, Ádám. « Analyzing the Interactions of Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy Using a DSGE Model ». Dans EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.63-72.

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The principal aim of this paper is to estimate a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with monetary and fiscal policy and analyze the interaction of these policies in Hungary. In the paper we present the model in a log-linearized form. We combine both calibration and Bayesian estimation to obtain parameter values of the model. We find that the model is suitable for impulse response analysis, so we estimate the impulse response functions of the model. We examine how five endogenous variables – namely output, inflation, the nominal interest rate, government spending and government revenue – react to non-systematic shocks to the nominal interest rate, government spending and government revenue. The plotted impulse response functions allow us to study how monetary and fiscal policy interacts in a small open economy. In some cases we find that restrictive fiscal policy is accompanied by expansive monetary policy, while in other cases the policy responses to shocks are coordinated. We conclude that our results are in accordance with economic theory.
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Diril, Funda. « Comparison of Fiscal Reforms in Some South and East European Transition Economies ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01014.

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The aim of this paper is to compare fiscal reforms of some of the transition economies in Balkans including The Republic of Macedonia. Since 1990’s former planned economies, which are in the process of economic transformation into market economy have carried out several reforms. During this economic transformation process both the effects and the results of these reforms vary according to the difference between the needs of structural change in each country. In this study, some of the selected transition economies in Balkans are analyzed: Some of the recent members of European Community in Balkans and The Republic of Macedonia are examined in comparison. Analysis of fiscal reforms of these transition economies are evaluated in several headings in reference to the macroeconomic statistics created by international organizations such as OECD, EC and IMF and policy suggestions are proposed accordingly. The government deficit, government debts and tax policy are the significant part of these reforms. Several strategies are implemented in developing support systems for competitive environment and private ownership. Economic shrinkage, current account deficit, low foreign capital and government deficit indicate economic weakness in these countries. The Czech Republic, Bulgaria, The Republic of Macedonia, Romania and Hungary face fiscal problems such as economic shrinkage, debt service and government deficit during the transition process. As being the candidate country for European Union accession; The Republic of Macedonia is approaching to the Maastricht Criteria and has better outcomes in public debt compared to the other countries given above.
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Nişancı, Murat, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, Adem Türkmen et Ömer Selçuk Emsen. « Convergence to Maastricht Criteria Being Economic Performance Criteria : Applications on Transition Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00921.

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Together with the destruction of Berlin Wall in 1989 and fall of The Soviets 1991, one of the basic problems of transition economies is the matter of high inflation. The underlying factor of the high and/or hyperinflation process is the rupture of input relations and its negative supply shocks. Emergence of inflationary structure brought irregularity in macroeconomic indicators, too. Many structural adjustments were created in order to lighten the effects of transition process; and improvements were tried to be done in economic indicators such as inflation interest, budget balance and foreign debt which is the reflection of current deficit. In efforts for improving basic economic indicators Maastricht criteria were accepted as the basic criteria due to the fact that they are compulsory for membership process for some transition economies and others optionally accepted them as they are examples. Therefore, in this study based on Maastricht criteria, the convergence of transition economies to these criteria were accepted as success indicator and concordantly it was studied in which proportion the policy implementations are/aren’t successful or whether they correspond to theoretical expectations. In this study it was aimed to test the matter of fact which is accepted as criteria convergence in literature and with panel data analysis it was tried to reveal whether convergence come true in terms of criteria. Hence, the difference between the countries that provided discipline and those do not provided it is found and its effects to development performance is clearly determined.
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Pejović, Aleksandar-Andrija. « “WOULD MONEY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?” : HOW EFFECTIVE CAN THE RULE-OF-LAW-BASED PROTECTION OF FINANCIAL INTERESTS IN THE EU STRUCTURAL AND ENLARGEMENT POLICY BE ? » Dans EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18362.

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In recent years, the rule of law and, especially, its “proper” implementation has become one of the most debated topics in Europe in recent years. The “Big Bang Enlargement” marked the beginning of dilemmas whether the new EU Member States fulfil the necessary rule of law criteria and opened the way for divergent views on how to implement TEU Article 2 values in practice. Furthermore, constant problems and difficulty of the candidate countries to fulfil the necessary rule of law criteria added to the complexity of the problem. In turn, the European institutions have tried to introduce a series of mechanisms and procedures to improve the oversight and make the states follow the rules - starting from the famous Treaty on the European Union (TEU) Article 7, the Rule of Law Mechanism, annual reports on the rule of law and the most recent Conditionality Regulation. The Conditionality Regulation was finally adopted in December 2020 after much discussion and opposition from certain EU Member States. It calls for the suspension of payments, commitments and disbursement of instalments, and a reduction of funding in the cases of general deficiencies with the rule of law. On the other hand, similar provisions were laid out in the February 2020 enlargement negotiation methodology specifying that in the cases of no progress, imbalance of the overall negotiations or regression, the scope and intensity of pre-accession assistance can be adjusted downward thus descaling financial assistance to candidate countries. The similarities between the two mechanisms, one for the Member States, the other for candidate countries shows an increased sharing of experiences and approaches to dealing with possible deficiencies or breaches of the rule of law through economic sanctioning, in order to resolve challenges to the unity of the European union. The Covid-19 pandemic and the crisis it has provoked on many fronts has turned the attention of the Member States (i.e. the Council) away from the long running problematic issues. Consequently, the procedures against Poland and Hungary based on the Rule of Law Mechanism have slowed down or become fully stalled, while certain measures taken up by some European states have created concerns about the limitations of human rights and liberties. This paper, therefore, analyses the efforts the EU is making in protecting the rule of law in its Member States and the candidate countries. It also analyses the new focus of the EU in the financial area where it has started to develop novel mechanisms that would affect one of the most influential EU tools – the funding of member and candidate countries through its structural and enlargement policy. Finally, it attempts to determine and provide conclusions on the efficiency of new instruments with better regulated criteria and timing of activities will be and how much they would affect the EU and its current and future member states.
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Yayar, Rüştü, Yusuf Demir et Yunus Emre Birol. « An Applied Study of International Trade between Turkey and Kazakhstan within the Transition Economies Context ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00490.

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The concept of transition economies covers a group of countries which were established in the aftermath of the fall of Berlin Wall in 1989 and the collapse of the former USSR in 1991. The main objectives of these countries are prices and foreign trade liberalization, privatizations realized, macroeconomic stability, obtaining foreign direct investment and improving marketing situations during the transition period. Today an effective foreign trade policy takes an important place in the improvement of a transition country economic performance. Kazakhstan is one of the newly independent states, transition country which was established in the aftermath of the USSR’s collapse in 1991. The aim of this study is prediction of foreign trade between Turkey and Kazakhstan using Box-Jenkins Method. We hope the study will contribute to development of foreign trade between Turkey and Kazakhstan which after gaining independence foreign trade reforms had been realized in such fields as setting free foreign trade prices, renewal of foreign trade system, market diversification and exchange system modification. Also, we hope the study will contribute to decision-makers and policy makers who doing short-term forecasts for the future in different fields.
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Mazure, Gunita. « INVESTMENT AND EXPENDITURE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s21.077.

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The waste management sector as one of the most significant economic sectors requires effective management not only in Latvia but in the European Union as whole. According to the recent (2020) available Eurostat data, 505 kg of municipal waste per capita were generated in the EU of which 48% were recycled and 22% were landfilled. Latvia ranges in the 11th position among the EU Member States with 478 kg of generated waste per capita. Romania (287 kg), Poland (346 kg) and Hungary (364 kg) are countries having generated the lowest amounts of municipal waste per capita, while Denmark (845 kg) and Luxembourg (790 kg) have been the top countries with the highest amounts of generated municipal waste per capita in 2020. In Latvia, approximately 66% of generated waste were recycled and 19% were landfilled in 2020. Moving towards the green economy and following the EU Directive 2018/851 targets for recycling municipal waste the governments develop investment plans envisaging financial resources for the waste management sector. The research aim is to evaluate environmental protection expenditure in the context of waste management policy. The research employs statistical data analysis to study the problem elements and synthesise coherencies or formulate regularities. The research period covers the years from 2010 to 2020. Starting from 2018, Latvia has essentially increased amounts of total investment and current expenditure for waste collection and treatment. In 2020, investments have increased 3.9 times compared with 2018; thus, amounting to EUR 36 295 thousand, while the current expenditure has grown by 21.9% amounting to EUR 118 182 thousand. The proportion of investment in waste management has also essentially increased, i.e. from 19.50% in 2010 to 49.96% in 2020, while the respective growth for current expenditure has been more moderate, i.e. from 32.79% to 62.42% of total financial resources for environmental protection.
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