Articles de revues : « Humanitarian assistance – History »

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PANARINA, Daria S. « HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN-PHILIPPINE RELATIONS ». Southeast Asia : Actual Problems of Development, n^o 1 (54) (2022) : 168–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2022-1-1-54-168-192.

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The article highlights the history of Russia as a donor of humanitarian aid and development assistance on the world stage, primarily in the post-Soviet period, the issue of treating Russia as a donor in the world community. In addition, the author touches upon several cases of Russian humanitarian assistance to the Philippines over the past decade (between 2012 and 2018). And finally, the article talks about Russia's contribution to the aftermath and fight against the coronavirus pandemic in different countries of the world, including the Philippines, as part of the provision of humanitarian assistance in emergency situations.

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Middleton, Neil, et Phil O'keefe. « Politics, history & ; problems of humanitarian assistance in Sudan ». Review of African Political Economy 33, n^o 109 (septembre 2006) : 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305624060101067.

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Jakovljević, Boško. « The right to humanitarian assistance—Legal aspects— ». International Review of the Red Cross 27, n^o 260 (octobre 1987) : 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400023159.

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Throughout history man has been exposed to all kinds of disasters; but in modern times mankind has become aware of its responsibility towards those struck by disasters, and of its increased capability of coping with their consequences. Out of this growing awareness arose the concept of humanitarian assistance as a reflection of solidarity; this was followed by the formulation of legal rules governing such activity. Parallel to the need to provide humanitarian assistance is the corresponding right to such assistance.

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Harat, Aleksandra, Michał Chojnacki et Krzysztof Leksowski. « Humanitarian aid of the European Union and United Nations : actions, responsibilities, and finances ». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 29, n^o 29 (1 septembre 2015) : 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0025.

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Abstract The main purpose of the article is to analyze humanitarian aid provided by the European Union and the United Nations. The research includes a review of existing documents, reports, and studies on world humanitarian assistance. The main issues and findings analyzed in this study are the evolution of the humanitarian assistance provided by the European Union and the United Nations and the role of the European Community Humanitarian Aid Office – ECHO and the Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - OCHA – as units responsible for organization and financial issues. On the basis of the history and key events, the finances, and significant projects in the field of humanitarian aid implemented by the EU and the UN are presented. Finally, the authors attempt to assess the effectiveness of assistance.

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McKenzie, Kevin. « The humanitarian imperative under fire ». Journal of Language and Politics 8, n^o 3 (15 décembre 2009) : 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.8.3.01mck.

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This paper explores how speakers manage the dilemmatic tension between competing demands for accountability in mundane explanations of humanitarian assistance in settings of armed conflict. Taking as analytic data talk recorded in interviews with the personnel of aid agencies and various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who work in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), we examine how demands for both non-partisan impartiality, on the one hand, and sympathetic alignment with the victims (or losing parties) of armed conflict, on the other, feature in the explanations that humanitarian aid workers formulate to account for their professional activities. While non-partisanship features as a source of legitimacy given that humanitarian assistance is regarded as a response to universal human suffering, the source of that suffering in armed conflict necessitates recognition of the antagonist-protagonist and victim relationship in order for aid recipients to be identified. Everyday accounts of aid work function to mitigate the otherwise mutually exclusive relationship between competing assumptions that inform the logic of humanitarian assistance.

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Steinert, Johannes-Dieter. « British Humanitarian Assistance : Wartime Planning and Postwar Realities ». Journal of Contemporary History 43, n^o 3 (juillet 2008) : 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009408091821.

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Dhillon, BA, MB BCh BAO, LRCPSI, DRCOG, Paul Singh. « Health Emergencies in Large Populations : A disaster medicine learning experience ». American Journal of Disaster Medicine 6, n^o 3 (1 mai 2011) : 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2011.0053.

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The Health Emergencies in Large Populations course, organized by the International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, is delivered in a decentralized manner by a number of academic centers around the world. It was one of the first formal educational opportunities developed for those in humanitarian assistance organizations, and its initial aim was to upgrade professionalism in humanitarian assistance programs conducted in emergency situations.This article summarizes the history and describes the current content, structure, and costs of the course.

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Forsythe, David P. « The International Committee of the Red Cross and humanitarian assistance : A policy analysis ». International Review of the Red Cross 36, n^o 314 (octobre 1996) : 512–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400076117.

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In today's armed conflicts and complex emergencies more civilians suffer than combatants. After the Cold War one could identify a zone of turmoil in which civilian suffering was acute. But one could also identify a zone of stability from which operated a complicated system of humanitarian assistance designed to respond to civilian suffering. Media coverage emphasized the suffering, but never before in world history had such a kaleidoscope of humanitarian actors tried to provide emergency relief during armed conflicts and complex emergencies. Inevitably calls were heard for better organization and coordination, and in 1991–92 the United Nations created a Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA).

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Wynn-Pope, Phoebe, Yvette Zegenhagen et Fauve Kurnadi. « Legislating against humanitarian principles : A case study on the humanitarian implications of Australian counterterrorism legislation ». International Review of the Red Cross 97, n^o 897-898 (juin 2015) : 235–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383115000612.

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AbstractThe humanitarian principles – humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence – have come to characterize effective humanitarian action, particularly in situations of armed conflict, and have provided a framework for the broader humanitarian system. Modern counterterrorism responses are posing significant challenges to these principles and the feasibility of conducting principled humanitarian assistance and protection activities. This article explores the origins of the principles, the history behind their development, and their contemporary contribution to humanitarian action. The article then discusses some of the ways in which the principles are threatened, both by practice and by law, in the Australian context, and finally makes suggestions as to how the principles can be reclaimed and protected for the future of effective, impartial humanitarian action.

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Zamore, Leah. « Refugees, Development, Debt, Austerity : A Selected History ». Journal on Migration and Human Security 6, n^o 1 (janvier 2018) : 26–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241800600102.

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There is a consensus among global policymakers that the challenges facing refugees today arise, in no small part, from the treatment of forced displacement as predominately a short-term humanitarian problem and the consequent exclusion of refugees from long-term development assistance. This paper agrees that refugees — a majority of whom spend years, a large number decades, some lifetimes in exile — constitute a development challenge, not only a humanitarian one. But it departs from the prevailing consensus which has tended to underemphasize the historical role of certain development policies in contributing to the status quo of refugee poverty in the first place. The paper places particular emphasis in that regard on policies of austerity and of laissez-faire. In their stead, it argues in favor of approaches to development that are proactively egalitarian and redistributive.

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Bogatyreva, O. « Humanitarian Diplomacy : Modern Concepts and Approaches ». International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, n^o 1 (2022) : 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.1.68.4.

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Modern trends in world development have significantly pushed the boundaries of modern diplomacy which should be an effective tool for global dialogue. My study is focused on the humanitarian sector of diplomacy. The article reviews main discussions about approaches to the concept of humanitarian diplomacy that arose against the background of the idea of "humanism 2.0", about the spread of the practice of humanitarian negotiations and about the creation of humanitarian spaces. I examine the main approaches of foreign and Russian researchers to the concepts of humanitarian diplomacy. Then I analyze the tools of humanitarian diplomacy and highlight its similarities and differences with traditional official diplomacy. It is established that non-State actors play an important political role in the resolution of modern conflicts and humanitarian negotiations. The role of the UN in creating a humanitarian partnership with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is noted. I also pay attention to the humanitarian diplomacy of states and note the diversity of national models. The article considers the main motives that encourage states to participate in humanitarian diplomacy and highlights its main directions. I demonstrate shown that today humanitarian practice is acquiring a polymodal, complex character. It includes humanitarian assistance, social policy and economic assistance in the context of the paradigm of sustainable development. The study reveals that the use of diplomatic tools and, above all, negotiations have a positive impact on the effectiveness of humanitarian activities in armed conflicts and crisis situations of an anthropogenic and natural nature.

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Belous, Yulia. « Humanitarian Aspect of Spanish Foreign Policy in Latin America : Lessons for Russia ». ISTORIYA 13, n^o 10 (120) (2022) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023417-7.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of humanitarian policy of Spain in Latin America. The article considers the main instruments of humanitarian policy of Spain in Latin America, demonstrates their advantages, the amount of financing and the factors of their effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to identify the features of the humanitarian aspect of Spanish foreign policy on the example of Latin America and to draw conclusions about the Spanish experience for the Russian model of humanitarian policy. The authors conclude that the advantages of the Spanish model of humanitarian policy in Latin America are the effective cooperation of the public and non-governmental sectors for the benefit of humanitarian policy, mobilization of private sector funding for development assistance to Latin American countries, enhanced digitization of humanitarian policy institutions.

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Eagan, Sheena M. « Global health diplomacy and humanitarian assistance : understanding the intentional divide between military and non-military actors ». Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 165, n^o 4 (12 octobre 2018) : 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-001030.

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Often known as ‘globalhealth diplomacy’, the provision of medical care to accomplish strategic objectives, advance public diplomacy goals and enhance soft power is increasingly emphasised in international affairs and military policies. Despite this emergent trend, there has been little critical analysis and examination of the ethics of military actors engaging in this type of work. This type of mission represents the most common form of military medical deployment within the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan and is now explicitly emphasised in many militaries’ defence doctrine. The growth of these programmes has occurred with little analysis, examination or critique. This paper examines the history of global health diplomacy as directly related to humanitarian assistance, focusing on the difference in intention to highlight ethical dilemmas related to military involvement in the humanitarian sphere. The relationship between non-military humanitarian actors and military actors will be a focal point of discussion, as this relationship has been historically complicated and continues to shift. Relevant differences between these two groups of actors, their motivations and work will be highlighted. In order to examine the morally important differences between these groups, analysis will draw on relevant international doctrine and codes that attempt to provide ethical guidance within the humanitarian sphere.

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Roseau, Katherine. « Separated Families and Epistolary Assistance ». French Historical Studies 44, n^o 2 (1 avril 2021) : 325–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-8806454.

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Abstract This article focuses on clandestine letters between Jews in French internment camps and their loved ones. It offers an examination of these letters, which were hidden in packages or thrown from cattle cars on their way to Auschwitz. These letters are astonishingly abundant today largely thanks to three types of aid: creative self-help, mutual aid among internees, and aid from non-Jewish helpers. At the intersection of three areas of scholarship—the material letter, internment camps, and aid to Jews during the Holocaust—this article explores how internees could write with limited resources, send letters without using the official postal service, and participate in mutual aid inside the camps. The article argues that the internment-camp letter was at once the result of aid and itself an avenue of aid, parallel to the more organized humanitarian organizations. Cet article porte sur la correspondance clandestine entre les Juifs dans les camps d'internement en France et leurs proches. Il présente une analyse de ces lettres que l'on a cachées dans des colis ou que l'on a jetées des wagons à bestiaux destinés à Auschwitz. Une correspondance d'une abondance étonnante existe aujourd'hui en grande partie grâce à trois types d'aide : la débrouillardise individuelle, l'entraide parmi les internés et l'aide des non-Juifs. A la croisée de trois champs de recherche (la matérialité de la lettre, les camps d'internement et l'aide aux Juifs pendant la Shoah), cet article explore comment les internés ont pu écrire avec un matériau limité, envoyer des lettres sans la poste, et s'entraider à l'intérieur des camps. L'article suggère que la lettre du camp d'internement soit à la fois le résultat et l'agent de cette aide, œuvrant en parallèle des organisations humanitaires plus officielles.

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Kipor, G. V., N. K. Pichugina et S. F. Goncharov. « (P1-109) Humanism in Disaster Medicine ». Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (mai 2011) : s134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004419.

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The main trends in the development of the ideology of humanism in disaster medicine can be formulated in the following theses: 1. Responsibility of governmental bodies for providing medical safety of a human being in emergencies; 2. Responsibility of public health in the society; 3. Main tasks in nuclear threats connected as applied to disaster medicine are the responsibility of United Nations; 4. History of humanitarian medicine and the development of the World Health Organization's activities in providing medical humanitarian assistance; 5. Ethics of modern physical investigations in the light of development of nuclear and thermonuclear hazards; 6. Roles and trends of humanitarian medicine in modern society; 7. Philosophical and humanitarian approaches and ethics in the modern scientific investigations in the whole; 8. Ethics in modern medicine, biology, and disaster medicine; 9. Rights of victims to receive humanitarian medical assistance in local military conflicts; and 10. Threat of acts of terrorism with the use of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agents and technologies; The paradox of the modern age is that the “principal basis and aim of disaster medicine are humanitarian by their primordial nature”, but the reduction of common human values can lead to a global disaster. On the other hand, emergencies should lead mankind to unity, to the deep understanding of biosocial aspects of survival when the best qualities of human nature are revealed. International disaster medicine problems should be considered as tools for providing an optimal basis for the development of human relations. The development of humanitarian and disaster medicine should be realized with consideration of deep-laid moral positions, on the basis of ethic principles and high moral values, among which, the primordial values are individual existence of everybody and survival of mankind as a species.

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Ippolitov, Sergei Sergeevich. « Russian Emigration of the First Wave in Germany : Humanitarian and Legal aspects of Adaptation, 1917-1920s ». Исторический журнал : научные исследования, n^o 1 (janvier 2020) : 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.1.31909.

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The article discusses the activities of Russian humanitarian, professional and public organizations in determining the legal status of Russian migrants in Europe and providing legal assistance to refugees and Russian legal entities in exile in 1917 - 1920s, as well as the trade unions of Russian lawyers in exile and their activities of legal assistance to their compatriots. The author examines the foreign policy of different states concerning the legal discrimination of Russian refugees and the geopolitical context in which the legal integration of Russian emigration took place in the societies of host countries. The study views the Russian humanitarian and legal activity as a factor in preserving the civic identity of these emigrants. The methodological basis on which this research is based is the principles of historicism and systematicity, which imply the application of the chronological method in the research process, as well as the methods of retrospection, periodization and actualization. The article explores for the first time in historiography the little-studied page in the history of Russian emigration: the creation in Germany in the 1920s of an effective system of humanitarian and legal assistance to Russian refugees aimed at clarifying their legal status and restoring the legal existence of Russian commercial enterprises in exile. For the first time in historiography, the author examines the ability of the emigrant community to self-organize in order to assert its rights in a foreign language and foreign culture society.The factors that significantly complicated the Russian emigrants' humanitarian and legal status, thereby also hindering their integration into European society, included: the long irresolution of their legal status; the significant number of legal obstacles; the ineffectiveness of officials with respect to the refugees' actual lack of rights; the legal conflict in international law that arose with the emergence of the Russian emigration phenomenon; and the unprecedented humanitarian and legal crisis of the post First World War period in Europe. Under these conditions, the Russian emigrant community nonetheless managed to develop effective mechanisms to help its compatriots in the legal sphere.

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Sholeye, Yusuf, et Amal Madibbo. « Religious Humanitarianism and the Evolution of Sudan People’s Liberation Army (1990-2005) ». Political Crossroads 24, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2020) : 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/pc/24.1.03.

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During the Cold War, military and economic tensions between the US and the Soviet Union shaped the process of war in conflict regions in different parts of the world. The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s reshaped the balance of power in global politics, as new actors appeared on the global scene and global foreign policy shifted to mediating and providing humanitarian assistance in conflict regions zones. Humanitarianism became the method of conflict resolution, which provided humanitarian organizations, especially the religious ones among them, with the opportunity to have more influence in the outcomes of sociopolitical events occurring in the world. These dynamics impacted conflicts in Africa, especially within Sudan. This is because that era coincided with Sudan’s Second Civil War (1983-2005) between the Sudan People Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Government of Sudan (GofS). During the Cold War, both the US and Russia intervened in the civil war in Sudan by providing military and economic assistance to different parties, but, again, in the post-Cold War era humanitarianism was used in relation to the civil war. Transnational religious organizations provided humanitarian assistance in the war-torn and drought-afflicted regions in Southern Sudan, and sought to help implement peace initiatives to end the war. The organizations included Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS), a consortium of UN agencies and NGOs1 which was created in 1989. In addition, transnational religious groups based in the United States and Canada such as the Christian Solidarity International (CSI), the Canadian Crossroads, Catholic Relief Service, Mennonite Central Committee and the Lutheran Church got involved in humanitarian relief in Sudan. The global focus on religious humanitarianism extended to Southern Sudan as the New Sudan Council of Churches (NSCC) was founded in 1989-1990 to coordinate the humanitarian assistance. Because SPLA has led the civil war on behalf of Southern Sudan and had suzerainty over territories there, the humanitarian organizations had to build relationships with the SPLA to deliver relief through Southern Sudan and negotiate peace initiatives. This article analyzes how the transnational activities of the religious humanitarian groups shaped the evolution of SPLA from 1990 to 2005, with a particular focus on the US and Canadian organizations. We will see that the organizations influenced SPLA in a manner that impacted the civil war both in positive and negative ways. The organizations were ambivalent as, on one hand, they aggravated the conflict and, on the other hand influenced the development of both Church and non-Church related peace initiatives. Their humanitarian work was intricate as the civil war itself became more complex due to political issues that involved slavery, and oil extraction in Southern Sudan by US and Canadian multinational oil companies. All the parties involved took action to help end the civil war, but they all sought to serve their own interests, which jeopardized the possibility of a lasting peace. Thus, the interpretation of that history provides ways to help solve the current armed conflict in South Sudan.

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Doocy, Shannon, Adam Sirois, Jamie Anderson, Margarita Tileva, Elizabeth Biermann, J. Douglas Storey et Gilbert Burnham. « Food security and humanitarian assistance among displaced Iraqi populations in Jordan and Syria ». Social Science & ; Medicine 72, n^o 2 (janvier 2011) : 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.10.023.

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Midtgaard, Kristine. « National Security and the Choice of International Humanitarian Aid : Denmark and the Korean War, 1950–1953 ». Journal of Cold War Studies 13, n^o 2 (avril 2011) : 148–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00107.

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Denmark was among five countries contributing humanitarian assistance to United Nations (UN) forces during the Korean War. In August 1950, Denmark offered to place at the disposal of the UN a fully equipped hospital ship. The decision reflected the Danish government's reluctance to send combat troops to Korea but its desire to take part in other ways. This article analyzes the political, organizational, and practical aspects of Danish policy, showing how Denmark's engagement in Korea was civilian rather than military in its orientation. The assistance was organized by the Danish Red Cross, and the staff was mainly civilian. In addition to treating wounded UN soldiers, the civilian Danish hospital staff treated civilian Korean patients. Denmark balanced its aversion to sending military forces with its desire to ensure goodwill in Washington.

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Lebedeva, Marina, et Marina Ustinova. « The Humanitarian and Social Agenda of the UN Security Council ». International Organisations Research Journal 15, n^o 1 (5 avril 2020) : 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-01-06.

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By the end of XX–the beginning of XXI century the importance of humanitarian and social issues in the world has sharply increased. Humanitarian and social means began to be intensively included in military and economic actions and play a significant independent role. As a result, there was an increase in the importance of “soft security” aspects, and an expansion of this field. This has affected the UN Security Council, which began to pay more attention to humanitarian and social issues, which was demonstrated with the statistical method. The range of humanitarian issues discussed by the Security Council and the list of actors sponsoring resolutions on humanitarian issues has expanded. In the late 1990s–early 2000s the Council begins to consider large amount of humanitarian issues: security issues of individuals in armed conflicts (civilians, children, women, UN and humanitarian personnel); civilian aspects of conflict management and peacebuilding; and separate issues of “soft security” (humanitarian assistance and such “soft threats” to security as HIV/AIDS epidemics, food crises and climate change). In addition, the Council also addresses human rights violations. The promotion of humanitarian issues in the Council on separate occasions was facilitated by high-ranking officials who put a premium on humanitarian issues; various UN bodies and organizations, mainly with humanitarian mandates; some non-permanent members of the Security Council who wanted to leave their mark in the Council’s history; various NGOs. In turn, some countries opposed the adoption of measures that they consider to be within the internal competence of their states. At the same time, the expansion of humanitarian and social problems in the world poses a dilemma for the Security Council: whether to include the entire range of these issues on the agenda, or it is beyond the scope of the Council’s mandate. There is no definite answer here. On the one hand, the world is moving along the path of strengthening humanitarian problems and its ever-greater involvement in security issues. On the other hand, an expanded interpretation of security can impede the work of the Council.

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Hasanovic, M., S. Morgan, S. Oakley, S. Richman, Š. Šabanović, S. Habibović et I. Pajević. « EMDR training's for Bosnia and Herzegovina mental health workers resulted with seven European accredited EMDR psychotherapists and one European accredited EMDR consultant ». European Psychiatry 41, S1 (avril 2017) : s896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1827.

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IntroductionBosnia-Herzegovina (BH) citizens, affected by 1992–1995 war, developed serious mental health posttraumatic consequences. Their needs for EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) treatment increased. The Humanitarian Assistance Programmes UK & Ireland (HAP) work in partnership with mental health professionals in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) from 2010.ObjectivesWe aim to build a body of qualified and experienced professionals who can establish and sustain their own EMDR training.MethodAuthors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision which was provided from the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK &Ireland with non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of EMDR to mental health therapists in BH.ResultsThe trainers from HAP UK & Ireland completed five EMDR trainings in BH (two in Tuzla and three in Sarajevo) for 100 recruited trainees from different BH health institutions from different cities and entities in BH. To be accredited EMDR therapists all trainees are obliged to practice EMDR therapy with clients under the supervision process of HAP UK&Ireland supervisors. Supervision is organized via Skype Internet technology. Up today seven trainees completed their supervision successfully and became European Accredited EMDR Psychotherapists, one of them became European Accredited EMDR Consultant.ConclusionFive training of Bosnia-Herzegovina mental health workers to effectively use EMDR with enthusiastic help of EMDR trainers from HAP UK&Ireland resulted with seven European accredited EMDR psychotherapists, and one of them became European accredited EMDR consultant. This will increase psychotherapy capacities in postwar BH.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Nadeem, MSc, Ali Bin, et YSA Chandna. « Remotely Piloted Life-Saving Effort vehicles and emergency management : An analysis on revolutionizing humanitarian assistance in Pakistan ». Journal of Emergency Management 16, n^o 1 (5 mars 2018) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2018.0349.

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The majority of the Pakistani public has known little of the unmanned aerial vehicles, also known for their onomatopoeically inspired name “drones,” except the fact that it regularly rains Hellfire missiles in Pakistan, claiming the lives of many innocent Pakistanis settled in the western provinces. In actuality, in addition to their destructive capacities, these remotely piloted vehicles have been used since the turn of the century in a variety of live-saving and risk-reducing roles. This research article primarily addresses the third stage of Emergency management response, with Pakistan being the primary region of research. This research article will first begin by diagnosing and accurately delineating the types of humanitarian crisis that grip Pakistan, devastating its land, exhausting its limited resources in its weak, and now almost archaic, disaster response strategy that results in the prolongation of its citizens’ plight. Subsequently, this article will describe the history of the usage of unmanned vehicles, its multi-functional capacities, and its relevance in aiding humanitarian response efforts in disaster-stricken areas. Finally, this article will propose the introduction of Remotely Piloted Life-Saving Effort (RELIEF) vehicles in performing analysis and surveillance roles in Pakistan's disaster-prone and disaster-struck areas and its capacity to dramatically improve and expedite the existing relief supply delivery systems in place.

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Ірина Олександрівна Мякінченко. « INTER-CONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY : CHURCH-RELIGIOUS AND PUBLIC-POLITICAL ASPECTS ». Intermarum history policy culture, n^o 5 (1 janvier 2018) : 351–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111826.

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The article deals with inter-confessional relations during the period of Ukraine's independence in the context of international activity, namely the relevant church-religious and state-political aspects. It is determined that in the historiography the outlined issues have not yet been the subject of a separate study. International activity is one of the areas of activity of churches and religious organizations in Ukraine; it is also implemented within the framework of inter-confessional relations. The most constructive inter-confessional dialogue in the context of international activity is being implemented by the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organizations. Both church-religious organizations and inter-confessional associations support their own and state-political international initiatives. Religious international initiatives are manifested through the support of relations with foreign church-religious structures, the organization of the participation of clergy in foreign thematic events, meetings of foreign religious and clergy, political and state figures, delegations from other countries. The controversial attitude of various religious denominations, which has come to the international level, is observed with regard to the creation of the Single Local Orthodox Ukrainian Church. An important direction in the inter-confessional dialogue in the international context was the support for European integration of Ukraine and the confrontation with Russian military aggression in Ukraine. In general, the church and religious organizations did not oppose European integration, and in some cases openly supported it. Church-religious organizations have been actively involved in Ukraine's activities aimed at engaging international support of Ukraine in confronting Russian military aggression. Significant successes of the religious community should be noted, specifically, in promoting the release of Ukrainian prisoners of war and hostages, providing humanitarian assistance to victims, condemning the harassment of freedom of conscience and the activities of religious organizations on the occupied territories, etc.

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Zhdanova, Ekaterina. « Vatican Assistance to Soviet Prisoners of War During and After World War II ». Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n^o 5 (2022) : 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020004-2.

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During the Second World War, the Vatican was active in humanitarian work, setting up its own charitable institutions, among them the Aid Commission. For the first time in Russian historiography, the article examines the principles and methods of its work with Soviet prisoners of war, examines the process of gathering information on their situation and numbers, describes the preparation and distribution of gifts to prisoners of war, states the financial costs of the Commission, examines the views of members of the State Secretariat of the Holy See on the issue of repatriation. The article draws on the materials of the Vatican Apostolic Archives that were opened to researchers in spring 2020: the records of the Aid Commission, the Nunciature and the Congregation for Extraordinary Church Affairs of the 2nd Section of the State Secretariat of the Holy See, which contain information on how the Commission obtained information on POWs and also make it possible to reconstruct the decision-making process on aid issues. The work of the Aid Commission followed the principles of helping those in need and advocating for the protection of human rights. The study identified the mechanism behind the work of the Aid Commission and the key role of the Nuncios in it. Through representatives of the Holy See, icons, religious literature, clothing and symbolic gifts were sent to the camps. The Vatican systematically replenished the Commission's funds towards these needs. In the post-war years, the problem of the forced repatriation of Soviet prisoners of war to the USSR came to the fore.

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Easton-Calabria, Evan. « Warriors of Self-reliance : The Instrumentalization of Afghan Refugees in Pakistan ». Journal of Refugee Studies 33, n^o 1 (18 octobre 2019) : 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez062.

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Abstract In striking contrast to most other refugee groups, Afghan refugees in Pakistan during the 1980s have primarily been understood as a successfully self-reliant population. However, little work has hitherto focused on the international assistance programmes that sought to support their everyday self-reliance. Drawing on extensive archival research, this article presents four phases of self-reliance assistance for Afghan refugees in Pakistan between 1979 and 1995, which correspond to shifts in broader economic trends from Keynesian economics to neoliberalism. At different times the practice of self-reliance assistance promoted large-scale collective employment, individual income-generation, protection for vulnerable populations unable to succeed in the market-based economy, and finally morphed into a form of self-governance through the ‘Afghanization’ of NGOs after the Cold War. These stages of self-reliance assistance encompass periods of humanitarian focus on so-called ‘refugee dependency syndrome’ and self-reliance as psycho-social support, holding parallels to the practice and discourse of contemporaneous Anglophone Western welfare systems. This article illuminates another chapter in the history of refugee self-reliance, and demonstrates the dynamism of self-reliance as both a concept and a practice.

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Puchkov, V. « PROSPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF LIFE SAFETY ». International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 18, n^o 1 (26 janvier 2021) : 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2020.18.1.60.4.

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The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that in the current conditions economic, technological, social, cultural, and religious competition between states becomes increasingly acute. Global threats are constantly increasing which proves the need for international cooperation in this area – right now many countries around the world are working together to reduce the threat of a large-scale epidemic of acute respiratory infection. New challenges of global scale are emerging, and there are still risks of natural, man-made, bio-social, and other catastrophes that could lead to global crisis situations, which requires Russia to strengthen its role in this area. The article is devoted to the problems of selecting prospects for national innovation and technological strategies that allow giving a new impetus to international humanitarian cooperation and emergency humanitarian response. The main aspect of methodological and legal bases of innovative management in international economic cooperation is the implementation of interrelated measures that provide large-scale assistance in areas of major disasters. Materials and publications of domestic and foreign experts working in the humanitarian field were used as sources in this analysis. The main purpose of the research is to substantiate the prospects for innovative management of international cooperation in the humanitarian sphere and in the field of disaster risk reduction. In accordance with the stated purpose of the study, the key tasks of substantiating the organizational foundations for the formation of an integrated system of international emergency humanitarian response, creating a new economic model of innovative management of international cooperation in the humanitarian field in order to increase economic security were solved. The methodological foundations of the research provide for the theory of constructing a new system of economic interstate humanitarian interaction. As a result of the research, the prospective directions of international economic cooperation and humanitarian cooperation, identified on the basis of a specific historical analysis of the development of such interaction, are analyzed. The article analyzes not only theьstages of building an international humanitarian response system with different countries, but also the experience of creating institutional joint organizations in the field of ensuring life safety at the international level. On this basis, a modern economic model of innovative management of international humanitarian aid is proposed, which meets the principles and spirit of international law. Practical recommendations for increasing the importance of the Russian Federation in the international system of emergency humanitarian response are substantiated. We have developed proposals that will allow our country to make a technological breakthrough in the international humanitarian sphere. The results of the research can be applied in the formation and implementation of the national international policy of humanitarian cooperation in the field of life safety.

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Bou, Jean. « Underpowered and Mostly Unwanted ». Journal of International Peacekeeping 22, n^o 1-4 (8 avril 2020) : 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-0220104005.

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This chapter is a short history of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda (unamir). It is based on an examination of the Australian deployment to Rwanda undertaken as part of the five-volume Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations. The chapter briefly charts the establishment, travails, reduction, re-establishment and then demise of this UN mission. In doing so highlights how unamir was perpetually dogged by having mandates that, while they seemed suitable when they were created in New York, were quickly overtaken by events in Rwanda. Moreover, after the genocide, the recreated unamir was forced to attempt to police the very people and institutions it was reliant on for its continued survival if it was to carry out its mandate.

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Ippolitov, Sergey. « The Russian Prisoners of War in World War I as a Humanitarian Issue ». Izvestia of Smolensk State University, n^o 2(50) (2 juillet 2020) : 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-50-2-174-188.

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The tragedy occurred to the prisoners of war in World War I had the scale of a humanitarian disaster. Millions of people belonged to different nationalities lived under the hardest physical and psychological living conditions. The study devoted to this page of world history methodologically comprises an intersection of disciplines: it is necessary to study and comprehend mental, legal, economic, cultural aspects of the humanitarian crisis which had significant effect on the course of political processes in Europe. The article studies activities of government and public organizations involved in humanitarian assistance to the Russian prisoners of war who were in the European camps. In this case a special role was played by a spiritual and cultural support of the compatriots in captivity. Acute «cultural hunger» in the prisoners of war camps was intended to be filled by the Russian book, which became a significant factor that impeded the prisoners’ marginalization and denationalization. The growth of nationalism in a public discourse of different countries around the world which were involved in isolation and marginalization of ethnic minorities and diasporas, their loss of national and cultural identity, customs and language make the study of the historical analogies connected with the fate of prisoners of war in World War I appropriate and of current interest. The history of preservation by the Russian people in captivity and exile their own cultural identity allows the author to predict the course of these processes at the present stage, as well as to develop state policy of support provided to compatriots abroad.

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Gazizullin, Rishat I. « Interdisciplinary approach in researching social and legal business responsibility : methodological problems ». Gosudarstvo i pravo, n^o 4 (2022) : 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520019558-4.

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The article discusses topical problems of the methodology of interdisciplinarity in the study of issues of social and legal responsibility of business. Interdisciplinarity as a special form of organization and construction of scientific knowledge must meet certain criteria (the specificity of the object-subject sphere being studied, the professionalism and competence of the researcher, a set of tools that ensure the scientific work of institutions, bodies coordinating activities outside of a specific scientific discipline, etc.).The concept of “social and legal responsibility” should be studied and structured with the help and assistance of philosophy, sociology, history, political science and other disciplines of the socio-humanitarian cycle with the addition of knowledge about it obtained with the assistance of natural and technical sciences applied in jurisprudence. The latter becomes appropriate in the context of understanding the psychological characteristics of business entities, as well as the specifics of using information technology in innovative activities

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Otroshko, Liubov. « Ukrainians in Countries of Europe and North America Opposing Armed Aggression of the Russian Federation Against Ukraine ». Ukrainian Studies, n^o 4(85) (15 janvier 2023) : 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.4(85).2022.270119.

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The article analyzes and emphasizes the important role of the Ukrainian diaspora in the countries of Europe and North America, it continues to play after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian armed forces. The support of Ukrainians by the diaspora in the conditions of insidious and unprovoked military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and Ukrainians is characterized. In particular, the current state of studying the role of Ukrainians abroad in European and North American countries is presented. It is traced how the Ukrainian diaspora, with the help of governmental and non-governmental international humanitarian organizations, continues to support the Ukrainian state from the beginning of the military conflict and helps to overcome the consequences of the armed expansion of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that after the armed aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Ukrainian state, the Ukrainian diaspora actively joined the struggle for the preservation of Ukrainian statehood, ethnocultural space, ethnic culture and identity. It is shown that Ukrainian communities abroad have undertaken informational, diplomatic, financial, humanitarian, military, cultural and social work. It has been found that Ukrainians abroad constantly accelerate the victory of Ukraine in the Russian-Ukrainian war actively supporting refugees and displaced persons, providing diplomatic and financial support through international and humanitarian programs and funds, finding temporary shelter, promoting the flow of military, medical and humanitarian aid to Ukraine, limiting infoterror in the media and cyberspace. It is substantiated that with the assistance of Ukrainians abroad, social and humanitarian aid centers operate both from volunteers and from international charitable organizations. It was highlighted that Ukrainian embassies, in close cooperation with Ukrainians abroad, actively spread knowledge about Ukraine, its past and present, thereby contributing to the further consolidation of Ukraine as a strategic partner state with a long history, rich culture and clearly defined European and North Atlantic perspectives.

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Palfreeman, Linda, et Jon Arrizabalaga. « Frida Stewart in Spain : Administering humanitarian aid during the Spanish Civil War ». International Journal of Iberian Studies 33, n^o 2-3 (1 septembre 2020) : 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00030_7.

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When a failed military coup provoked civil war in Spain in July 1936, the Spanish government made a worldwide plea for assistance. More than 2500 British men answered the call, taking up arms in defence of the democratically-elected Republican government. While this show of international solidarity has been widely documented, much less attention has been given to the massive response made by British women. Thousands of women organized nationwide campaigns to send aid to Spain. One of these women was Frida Stewart (1910–96), a young musician with a strong social conscience. As is the case with so many other women, Frida’s recollections, her memoir and correspondence, upon which the following essay is closely based, constitute a valuable historical resource for the analysis of women’s experiences during the war and give voice to those whose stories have previously gone unheard.

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Coutaz, Gregory. « Image-building as Impetus for the Growth of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA)’s Engagement in International Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HA/DR) Operations ». European Journal of East Asian Studies 18, n^o 1 (4 juillet 2019) : 36–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01801006.

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AbstractThe People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA’s) engagement in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR) enables China to reassure the international community and change perceptions of its global intentions. Natural disasters are expected to increase worldwide, requiring greater PLA involvement in international HA/DR missions. However, maximising the public relations benefits of participating in such missions will require leadership to avoid short-term irritations and political speculation that often accompany China’s foreign intervention, hampering Beijing’s soft-power initiatives.

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Yang, Dominic Meng-Hsuan. « Humanitarian Assistance and Propaganda War : Repatriation and Relief of the Nationalist Refugees in Hong Kong’s Rennie’s Mill Camp, 1950-1955 人道救援與宣傳戰爭 : 香港調景嶺國民黨難民之接運與救濟, 1950-1955 年 ». Journal of Chinese Overseas 10, n^o 2 (26 novembre 2014) : 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341280.

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In 1949, the world witnessed a tidal wave of involuntary migration out of China when the Chinese Communists came to power. Among this vast sea of human misery were tens of thousands of exiled Nationalist supporters in Hong Kong — common soldiers, low-ranking civil servants, and their families. In June 1950, a minor clash occurred between the Nationalist refugees and the pro-ccpelements in the colony. To prevent further political upheaval, the British authorities transported the former to a remote location called “Rennie’s Mill” or Tiu Keng Leng and built a temporary internment camp to house them. The initial plan was to gather the Nationalist supporters in the colony and shipped them to Taiwan as soon as possible. Yet Chiang Kai-shek’s government was reluctant to receive these people for both economic and security reasons. As the repatriation process dragged on, the Nationalists used the refugee camp as an international showcase in their propaganda war against the People’s Republic of China (prc) much to the chagrin of the British. Consequently, a considerable number of the Nationalist refugees were stranded in Hong Kong. They became victims of their own government under the pretense of humanitarian assistance. This paper examines the early history of Rennie’s Mill community with an emphasis on the interplay between humanitarian relief, propaganda war, and international politics. It sheds light on the actual lived experiences of Rennie’s Mill refugees against the conflicting ideological constructions and humanitarian discourse surrounding them.

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Eisner, Gitl, Gretta Hunstiger et Marty Lewis-Hunstiger. « Righteous Among the Nations : Music Without Borders ». Interdisciplinary Journal of Partnership Studies 6, n^o 1 (10 avril 2019) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/ijps.v6i1.1988.

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The Garden of the Righteous, a program presented by Naye Strunes, a Minneapolis-based Yiddish music ensemble, weaves together original Yiddish music and stories of fearless individuals from among the thousands of non-Jews who risked their lives to save innocent people during the Holocaust. The program gives audience members an opportunity to reflect on the extent of courage and compassion during dark times. All proceeds are given to Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders), a contemporary humanitarian organization that provides medical assistance to populations experiencing crises. This article explores the concept of righteousness among the nations, particularly in the context of partnership scholarship; the history and present-day renaissance of Yiddish language, music, and culture; and Médecins Sans Frontières as a contemporary example of living courageously.

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Kirsch, MD, Thomas D., Eva Leidman, MSPH, William Weiss, DrPH et Shannon Doocy, PhD. « The impact of the earthquake and humanitarian assistance on household economies and livelihoods of earthquake-affected populations in Haiti ». American Journal of Disaster Medicine 7, n^o 2 (1 avril 2012) : 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2012.0084.

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Objective: On January 12, 2010, one of the most destructive earthquakes in history struck the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. This study aims to characterize the impact of the earthquake and humanitarian response on well being of the affected households as means of evaluating the effectiveness of response efforts.Design: A stratified 60 × 20 cluster survey was conducted in Port-au-Prince internally displaced persons camps (n = 600) and neighborhoods (n = 596) in January 2011. Clusters were assigned using probability proportional to size sampling and data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires.Results: The earthquake affected incomes in 90 percent of camp and 73 percent of neighborhood households (p 0.001); camp households were consistently worse off by most measures of economic and food security. As compared to camps, living in a neighborhood was associated with increased odds of better/same income status (Odds ratio, OR: 1.78, Confidence interval, CI: 1.25-2.53), employment (OR: 1.47, 1.01-2.14), and food access (OR: 1.83, CI: 1.33-2.52).With respect to earthquake impacts, damage to the home was associated with decreased odds of better/same food access (OR: 0.55, CI: 0.33-0.93) and injuries with decreased odds of better/same income status (OR: 0.57, CI: 0.37, 0.87).Within 1 month of the earthquake, 89 percent of camp and 46 percent in neighborhood households had received humanitarian assistance (p ≤ 0.001); however, receipt of aid was not associated with improved income, employment, or food access at 1 year postearthquake.Conclusions: The immediate impacts of injury and mortality had marginal influences on long-term household economic security, whereas displacement into camps was stongly associated with negative outcomes for income, employment, and food access.

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Tabarintseva-Romanova, K. M. « The Italian model of humanitarian diplomacy ». Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), n^o 12 (7 décembre 2022) : 458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2206-05.

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Тhe term humanitarian diplomacy is undergoing a number of changes in the political discourse of international relations. Already, various states and international organizations are investing in it with diff erent content. In this article, we will look at how Italy, the ancestor of the modern diplomatic system, puts into practice humanitarian diplomacy in the broad sense of the term. If initially the concept of "humanitarian diplomacy" meant only "providing humanitarian assistance to vulnerable segments of the population during a confl ict and victims of natural or man-made disasters", today it is already a whole umbrella concept that includes a wide palette of humanitarian cooperation on an ongoing basis in such areas such as: culture, science, education, youth, tourism. Particular attention is paid to the institutionalization of humanitarian diplomacy in the process of "transformation" of the foreign policy system of the Italian Republic. In addition, the author studies the cultural and scientific component of the international activities of the state on the example of cooperation with such "vulnerable" regions as: Africa and the Mediterranean. As the analysis of plans and reports of the relevant Italian structures, namely: the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs and International Cooperation, the Italian Cooperation Agency, showed, the main areas for cooperation in the humanitarian sphere are: education, fundamental research on environmental issues, agriculture, clean water and gender policy. In fact, activities in the fi eld of humanitarian diplomacy cover most areas of a universal, comprehensive nature. It is concluded that the Italian model of humanitarian diplomacy follows the global "trends" of reforming the ministries of foreign aff airs, and also "creates" its own practices of diplomatic discourse — legal and "hybrid" diplomacy, which, unfortunately, are not currently widely used and in its essence, in the first case, it is part of a multilateral (conventional), and in the second, it is rather a characteristic than an independent form of foreign policy activity, in the extreme case, a part of public diplomacy.

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La Porte, Pablo. « Humanitarian assistance during the Rif War (Morocco, 1921-6) : the International Committee of the Red Cross and ‘an unfortunate affair’ ». Historical Research 89, n^o 243 (6 février 2015) : 114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.12091.

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Stynska, V., et I. Zavulichna. « THE ACTIVITIES OF CHARITABLE FUNDS OF THE CITY OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK : HISTORY AND MODERNITY ». Zhytomyr Ivan Franko state university journal. Рedagogical sciences, n^o 1(108) (7 juin 2022) : 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/pedagogy.1(108).2022.12-26.

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The article deals with a public charity in Ivano-Frankivsk taken in historical retrospect and at the present stage. It is proved that the charitable activity in Ivano-Frankivsk (then Stanislaviv), which dates back to the 19-th century, is diverse (educational, medical, social). The city had a wide range of charitable organizations (Society of Christian Ladies, Society of St. Vincent and Paul, Society of Public Education, Bread for Hungry Children, Folk Kitchen, etc.), which organized various charity events ("Chocolate of Happiness", etc.) and assisted to all in need. In Stanislaviv, many institutions existed thanks to donations (Abraham Halpern Orphanage, Elderly and Disabled Orphanage, Brother Albert's Shelter, Isakovych Orphanage for boys, Mrochkovska Orphanage for ladies, etc.). In the post-war period, an important event of charitable activity was the foundation of the Ukrainian Red Cross and Red Crescent, and the Ukrainian Students' Charitable Foundation. It is investigated that the beginning of the 21-st century is marked by the rapid development of charitable foundations in Ukraine, including in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The mission and responsibilities of the organizations in Ivano-Frankivsk are clarified as educational ("Osvita Ivano-Frankivsk (Education Ivano-Frankivsk)", "Miy Universytet (My University)", "INTEGRO"); social ("Maty Tereza (Mother Teresa)" Charitable Foundation for the Terminally Ill, St. Panteleimon Charitable Foundation of Palliative Care Center, Caritas Ivano-Frankivsk UGCC Charitable Foundation, "Chysti sertsem (Pure Heart)" Charitable Foundation, "Nebaiduzhi (Not Indifferent)" Charitable Foundation, "Time for the goodness and mercy", "Community of St. Egidius", "Maltese Aid Service", "My city is Ivano-Frankivsk", Charitable Christian Foundation "Solidarnist (Solidarity)"); medical (Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Center for Palliative Care IF Hospice, Charitable Foundation "Ty anhel (You are Angel)", Charitable Foundation "Zavzhdy z toboiu (Always with You)"), etc. It is concluded that the charitable organizations in Ivano-Frankivsk are founded to provide the following services: educational, advisory, prognostic, organizational, educational (in the field of education); care, information and advisory, legal, humanitarian/financial/material assistance (in the social sphere); legal advice, pilot support, psychological and pedagogical assistance, financial assistance (fundraising for treatment, etc.) in the field of health care. We consider it promising to study the peculiarities of charitable organizations in different regions of Ukraine.

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Uvin, Peter. « The Development/Peacebuilding Nexus : A Typology and History of Changing Paradigms ». Journal of Peacebuilding & ; Development 1, n^o 1 (septembre 2002) : 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2002.979203266676.

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In the space of one decade, the nexus between development and peace has become a central focus of development thinking and practice. This article presents a typology and critical discussion of seven ways in which the development enterprise has conceived of its interactions with conflict and violence. These are: 1. Rhetorical repackaging: development by definition promotes peace; thus, no changes in development practice are required — only more of it; 2. Military conditionality: donors withdraw aid to punish recipients for their excessive military expenditure or military aggression. In its more positive version, security sector reform assists recipients with reform of their military, police, and judicial systems in ways that improve governance and decrease violence; 3. The post-conflict agenda: in countries coming out of war, aid agencies invest in new fields such as justice and reconciliation, demobilization and reintegration, and democratic policing; 4. The “Do No Harm” approach: minimise the negative impact of all humanitarian and development assistance under conditions of conflict; 5. The conflict prevention agenda: agencies undertake a range of early and preferably coherent and coordinated actions to prevent conflict from turning violent; 6. The concept of human security: “freedom from fear” and “freedom from want” are inseparable sides of the same coin; and, 7. The “ global system reform” movement: infuses concerns with development and conflict nexus in all North-South relations of trade, investment, and consumption.

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Skjortnes, Marianne. « Religion and Development ». Mission Studies 31, n^o 1 (26 février 2014) : 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341309.

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Abstract Christian churches across the world have long engaged in humanitarian assistance and diaconal work. Diaconal action, understood as integral to the church’s mission in today’s world, is conditioned and challenged by concrete contexts. In order to be relevant, diakonia requires a careful reading of the contexts. This article presents life histories of three individuals who live in Madagascar. The stories relate how living in a world of poverty and need, humiliation and lack of safety provides many challenges relating to the fulfillment of needs and creating decent living conditions. The stories also tell of lives where many have met Christian individuals and institutions that give priority to the task of upholding human dignity. My aim has been to shed light on the meaning of diaconal work has for these young people and how new opportunities and challenges are creating new life stories and changes in their experience of human dignity. The objective has also been to describe the added value that religion and Christian organizations provide to the secular development project.

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Chanco, Christopher. « Refugees, Humanitarian Internationalism, and the Jewish Labour Committee of Canada 1945–1952 ». Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes 30 (26 avril 2021) : 12–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40182.

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This article examines the humanitarian internationalism of the Jewish Labour Committee of Canada (JLC) between 1938 and 1952. Throughout WWII, the JLC sent aid to European resistance movements, and in its aftermath participated in the “garment workers’ schemes,” a series of immigration projects that resettled thousands of displaced persons in Canada. Undertaken independently by the Jewish-Canadian community, with the assistance of trade unions, the projects worked to overcome tight border restrictions and early Cold War realpolitik. In doing so, the JLC united Jewish institutions, trade unionists, social democrats, and anti-fascists across Europe and North America. It also acted in a pivotal moment in the evolution of Canada’s refugee system and domestic attitudes toward racism. As such, the JLC’s history is a microcosm for the shifting nature of relations between Jews, Canada, and the left writ large. Cet article examine l’internationalisme humanitaire du Jewish Labour Committee du Canada (JLC) entre 1938 et 1952. Tout au long de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, le JLC a envoyé de l’aide aux mouvements de résistance européens et a participé, après l’armistice, aux « garment workers’ schemes », une série de projets d’immigration qui ont permis de réinstaller des milliers de personnes déplacées au Canada. Entrepris indépendamment par la communauté juive canadienne et avec l’aide de syndicats, ces projets ont permis de surmonter les restrictions frontalières et la realpolitik du début de la guerre froide. Ce faisant, le JLC a réuni des institutions juives, des syndicalistes, des sociaux-démocrates et des antifascistes de toute l’Europe et de l’Amérique du Nord. Il a également agi à un moment charnière de l’évolution du système canadien d’octroi de l’asile et des attitudes de la population à l’égard du racisme. En tant que telle, l’histoire du JLC est un microcosme de la nature changeante des relations entre les Juifs, le Canada et la gauche au sens large.

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de Souza, Tatiana Holanda Pereira, et Elaine Silva Miranda. « Pharmaceutical Services Preparedness of Military Units in an Institution of Brazilian Armed Forces ». Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (mai 2019) : s157—s158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1900356x.

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Introduction:Military participation in humanitarian operations, both in cases of armed conflict and in response to natural disasters, is a common phenomenon in several countries. In Brazil, the Armed Forces have a history in providing humanitarian assistance to victims of emergencies through their field hospitals, such as medical and dental care, laboratory and imaging diagnosis, and pharmaceutical services.Aim:To verify pharmaceutical services preparedness of military units in an institution of Brazilian Armed Forces to disaster response and humanitarian aid.Methods:A transversal study was carried out. The methodological approach was based on a logical model and indicators related to the preparedness of pharmaceutical services. Field research was carried out and good storage practices were investigated in loco. Key stakeholders were interviewed based on an open-ended questionnaire on the preparedness of pharmaceutical services. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for overall content, according to analytical categories stemming from the literature and indicators prior defined.Results:Key stakeholders of three military units were interviewed, and official documents and guidelines were also analyzed. Some pronounced shortcomings were identified, such as the lack of a specific budget for medicines management, no surplus of health supplies, lack of appropriate transports, and need of capacity building of health professionals and support team. The existence of a disaster plan, selection of essential medicines for primary reaction, forecasting of medicines, field hospitals as mobile and adaptable health structures, and a system for military mobilization are some of the strengths identified. Two military units are better structured in the management of pharmaceutical service. The third unit still needs to mature its processes to fit the health purposes of its mission.Discussion:These findings can subsidize the improvement of pharmaceutical services’ efficiency and quality in means of providing better response in emergency situations supported by the Brazilian Armed Forces.

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Caruso, Carmen. « The Syrian diaspora in London through the transnational lens : a distinctive contribution to contemporary public space and citizenship ». BORDER CROSSING 8, n^o 2 (5 novembre 2018) : 409–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i2.604.

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Despite cyclical attempts to depict migratory flows as extraordinary, migration has always had a place in human history. Considering the magnitude of human mobility across borders, the management of migrant citizens adopted by affluent Western economies appears both inappropriate and fuelled by panic. Assuming the contemporary time-space compression, the re-articulation of orientalism and neocolonial enterprises and the increasing popular discontent towards renewed exclusionary logic, the Syrian diaspora proves to be a crucial interlocutor to understand patterns of transformation and anticipate new spaces of citizenship. Through Syrians’ first-hand experience we will try to analyze the Syrian diaspora in the UK beyond the lexicon of humanitarian assistance. A transnational approach and a qualitative, intersectional methodology have been employed to gather relevant information in regard to Syrians’ migratory experience, with a focus on their activities in the public space. Ultimately Syrians’ accounts will provide a rich, indispensable viewpoint to all-encompassing issues such as human mobility, aesthetics, public space and citizenship.

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Saadah, Kholifatus, et Aqbil Faza Dyarsa. « State’s Repression toward INGO : the Dismissal of Médecins Sans Frontieres from Ethiopia ». WIMAYA 3, n^o 01 (28 juin 2022) : 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/wimaya.v3i01.65.

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The primary purpose of humanitarian-based INGOs is to provide and distribute assistance to those who could not get it. One of the INGOs engaged in this field and is quite successful in the international constellation is Medecins Sans Frontieres, often called Doctors without Borders. Humanitarian INGOs generally have a noble mission and have no mission to engage in the host country's political dynamics. However, the noble mission became a boomerang when MSF became one of the INGOs who worked to save the famine in Ethiopia. MSF has a noble mission, but the Ethiopian government has another mission that aggravates the condition of hunger in Ethiopia. As INGOs sought to be neutral, MSF decided to remain silent and take no steps relating to the political constellation of one of the world's poorest countries. Things got worse when MSF realized that one of their programs was being misused by the government to blackmail the guerrilla groups in the north. MSF could no longer remain silent and objected to any Ethiopian government policy related to them, resulting in the dismissal of all MSF members from Ethiopia at the end of 1986. This paper will explain the weak position of NGOs toward state, the main reason of the dismissal. The authors will be using the qualitative method by explaining the history about MSF and NGOs in the perspective of state which resulted the justification of the weak position of NGOs itself.

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Hasanovic, M., I. Pajevic, S. Morgan et N. Kravic. « EMDR training for mental health therapists in postwar bosnia-herzegovina who work with psycho-traumatized population for increasing their psychotherapy capacities ». European Psychiatry 26, S2 (mars 2011) : 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73014-0.

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IntroductionAfter war 1992–1995 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), whole population was highly psych-traumatized. Mental health therapists had no enough capacities to meet needs of population. They are permanently in need to increase their psychotherapy capacities. EMDR is a powerful, state-of-the-art treatment. Its effectiveness and efficacy has been validated by extensive research. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommended it as one of two trauma treatments of choice.AimTo describe non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) to mental health therapists in BH from Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK & Ireland.MethodAuthors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision.ResultsHighly skilled and internationally approved trainers from HAP UK & Ireland came four times to Psychiatry Department of University Clinical Center Tuzla in BH where they provided completed EMDR training for 24 trainees: neuro- psychiatrists, residents of neuro-psychiatry and psychologists from eight different health institutions from six different cities in BH. After finishing training process, trainees are obliged to practice their EMDR therapy in daily practice with real clients under the supervision process of HAP UK & Ireland trainers to become certified EMDR therapists. Regarding big physical distance between supervisors and trainees, supervision will be realized via Skype Internet technologyConclusionPsychotherapy capacities of mental health psychotherapists in postwar BH could be increased with enthusiastic help of EMDR trainers from HAP UK&Ireland.

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Melkumyan, Elena S. « Qatar and Taliban in the Context of Changing Situation in Afganistan ». Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva : istoriia i sovremennost, n^o 4 (2022) : 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080020625-4.

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The article analyzes Qatar’s activities during the Afghan crisis that arose after the American withdrawal concluded between the US and the Taliban. Qatar opened a Taliban political office in Doha in 2013 at the request of the US President Obama. The Americans were preparing the withdrawal from Afghanistan and negotiated with the Taliban, which represented an influential political and military force, on security guarantees. Qatar was a mediator, interesting to strength relations with America. The author examines the process of negotiations, and analyzes the content of the agreement concluded between the United States and the Taliban, contained a schedule for the withdrawal of all foreign troops. Qatar mediated in inter-Afghan negotiations between the Afghan government and the Taliban, which were not completed, as the Taliban began to occupy a significant part of the country, including its capital Kabul. Members of the Afghan government fled and the Taliban took over. The armed forces of America and of their allies have left the country. Qatar tries to maintain diplomatic contacts between Western countries and the Taliban. Qatar has provided assistance in evacuating all those foreigners and Afghans who have sought to leave Afghanistan, ensuring their safety, providing their aircrafts and temporarily hosting them. In addition, the article focuses on the multilateral humanitarian assistance provided by Qatar. The US government expressed its gratitude for Qatar’s assistance. The world community as a whole highly appreciated the activities of the emirate during the Afghan crisis. Qatar's actions have strengthened its strategic partnership with Washington.

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Kim, Eun Mee, et Jinhwan Oh. « Determinants of Foreign Aid : The Case of South Korea ». Journal of East Asian Studies 12, n^o 2 (mai 2012) : 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800007852.

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South Korea, the newest member to join the OECD's Development Assistance Committee, has signaled that it will become a major donor of official development assistance (ODA). Having had its own history of being a large recipient of ODA, South Korea claimed that it will provide aid from the recipient's perspective. Using panel data covering twenty-three years (1987–2009) and 154 recipient countries, we examine whether South Korea's ODA reflects the recipient nation's humanitarian needs more than the donor's interests. We ask three questions: (1) What are the major determinants of South Korea's ODA allocation? (2) Has South Korea's ODA policies changed over different time horizons—that is, years, political regimes? (3) Does South Korea exhibit different standards of allocating ODA for different groups of recipient countries? We find that South Korea provides more aid to higher-income developing countries with higher growth rates, which shows the tendency to serve the donor's economic interests. When we examine the data by time periods, we do not find significant differences over decades or political regimes. However, when we reexamine the data based on recipients' income levels, we find that the relationship between per capita income of the recipient country and ODA allocation is negative only for the middle-income or lower-middle-income group recipients and positive for the rest. This finding suggests the possibility that South Korea's ODA policy may have a dual-track structure.

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Kabuk, Vincent Stephen. « Ethical standards for distribution of Covid-19 relief aid ». International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 3, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2020) : 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v3i4.100.

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The surge of the deadly coronavirus (COVID-19) brought both physical and mental anguish to humanity. It has claimed lives within a short period more than any phenomenon the world had ever witnessed throughout history. The pandemic has exerted direct consequences on the social and economic lives of the globe. These make the whole world live in continuous trepidation. As the entire human race is hopeful of eradicating the menace, humanitarian measures are put in place to promote people's welfare and happiness by providing material and logistic assistance to those in need. Indeed, there has been a tremendous response to the global call to ameliorate the pandemic's general human suffering. Nonetheless, the distribution patterns of the relief aid in countries like Nigeria has raised a lot of concerns, where a more significant chunk of the target group has not benefited from the relief aid considering the considerable amount claimed to have been shared by the government. As a result of this, the paper considers certain egalitarian principles that will serve as regularizing parameters in the distribution of COVID-19 relief aid.

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Egorova, S. L., et K. A. Popova. « CREATIVE CONTACTS OF SCIENTIST AND POET A.E. VANEEV (ON THE MATERIALS OF HIS EPISTOLARY HERITAGE) ». Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, n^o 3 (25 juin 2019) : 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-3-544-551.

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Interest in the history of science and its representatives is a characteristic feature of social and humanitarian knowledge. The contribution of scientists and artists is estimated, as a rule, from their works, both published and remaining in manuscript. At the same time, it is equally important to reveal the scientific and creative connections of a scientist, to form an idea about him as a person of his time, about the nature of relationships within the professional community of representatives of science and culture. A.E. Vaneev (1933-2001) - People's Poet of the Komi Republic, a researcher of the national identity of Komi poetry, of I.A. Kuratov’s creativity, translator of works of world classics into Komi language - made a tangible contribution to the development of national culture. The object of the research is the epistolary heritage of A.E. Vaneev, the subject is his professional interpersonal contacts. The article reveals a circle of scientists, poets, writers, translators who maintained regular communication with A.E. Vaneev, discussed scientific and creative plans, the practice of translation work, sought advice and assistance.

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Aktamov, Innokentii G., et Vladimir A. Rodionov. « Mongolia’s Soft Power Tools in Relation to Russian Regions at the Beginning of the 21st Century. » Vestnik NSU. Series : History, Philology 20, n^o 10 (20 décembre 2021) : 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-10-92-102.

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This article discusses the features of international relations in Inner Asia through the prism of the Russian-Mongolian relationship. The specifics of contemporary bilateral relationships is determined by the nature of mutual influence in the economic, political and humanitarian spheres. The aim of this research is to analyze Mongolian implementation of the concept of ‘soft power’ in relation to the regions of Russia, which are culturally and historically defined as a ‘Mongolian world’. It was revealed that the foreign policy of Mongolia in relation to Russian regions such as the Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Tuva, Irkutsk and Trans-Baikal regions is being implemented in several directions. The first one is daily trade and economic contacts between Russian and Mongolian citizens. The second direction is represented by ethno-cultural holidays and festivals, within the framework of which the Mongolian language and traditions are promoted. The existing demand for the preservation and development of national cultures and languages of the indigenous peoples of Russia creates conditions for stimulating interest in all Mongolian language, literature, clothing, cuisine, cultural and sports events. Finally, Mongolia's success in fighting the pandemic during 2020 and its humanitarian assistance to the Russian regions affected by Coronavirus are also tools of ‘soft power’. The result of this policy is the spread of Mongolian influence in the border regions of the Russian Federation. In this regard, Moscow should also pay certain attention to these processes when building a strategy of bilateral relations at state level.

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